I THE GERMAN EMPEROR'S 1
I TRIP T8 PALESTINE. 1
H Is It William's Dream to Be the Pope §s
as of Protestantism? g|
HBISTE N D O M
yr looks on the visit
~t >n _ If of the Emperor
mlraMM I .L William 11. to v^
v^V J ' the Holy City of
I® Jerusalem to
"j dedicate the
Protestant
iffr ifiHi li*- Churoli of the
Redeemer as an
'•rir interesting inci
dent, not only by reason of the mem
orable chapters of history which the
visit recalls, but also on account of
the possible political consequences.
William 11. is not, by any means,
the first Emperor of Teutonic stock
to set foot in Palestine. For nearly
two centuries the expulsion'of the in
fidel from the Holy Land was held to
be the sacred duty of the heads of the
Holy Roman Empire. In the Second
Crusade the Emperor Conrad organ
ized the great expedition which cost
the loss of many thousands in the
march across Asia Minor; ultimately
reaching Ptolemais, he laid siege to
Damr.scus in 1148. It is true that
the siege ended in catastrophe, but
the German bearer of the cross
had, at least, done his best to
succor the Christian kingdom of
Jerusalem. About forty years later
the Hohenstaufen Emperor, Frederick
I. (Barbarossa), led a German host to
Constantinople, and thence across
Anstolia, but he was not fated to see
Syria, being drowned in a Cilician
river. His grandson, Frederick 11.,
was more fortunate. Proceeding by
sea from Italy to Ptolemais, he ob
tained, in 1229, the surrender of the
whole of Jerusalem, with the exception
of the Mosque of Omar, and the res-
THE JAFFA GATE OF JERUSALEM.
toration to the Christians of the towns
of Jaffa, Nazareth and Bethlehem. In
the Church of the Sepulchre he
crowned himself King of Jerusalem,
claiming the title by right of his wife,
lolante, daughter of the Latin Em
peror of Constantinople. In 1240
Richard, Earl of Cornwall, who,
though an Englishman, became King
of the Romans and German Emperor,
headed an expedition to Palestine,
and, by treaty with the Mohammedan
raler of Syria, obtained terms even
more favorable to the Christians than
Frederick 11. had secured. In 1274
Rudolph of Hapsburg, having gained
the imperial crown, pledged himself
to join in a crusade, but troubles in
Germany detained him and he failed
to fnllfil his vow. Thus we s«« that,
in his visit to the Holy Land and in
his declared intention to promote the
THE KAISER IN lilS "TROPIC UNIFORM" FOR TOURING IN THE HOLY LAND
security anc! welfare of his fellow
Christians in that country, William
11. is recurring to a duty which was
recognized by the Gorman Emperors
for almost two hundred years after
the Christian kingdom of Jerusalem
was founded by Godfroy of Bouillon,
Duke of that very Lorraine which in
our day has been restored to Ger
many.
It is generally believed, however.
that William ll.'s visit to the Holy
Land has been prompted by motives
that appeal to a modern rnler's mind
more strongly than do sentimental as
sociations. There is a Near East as
well as a Far East which awaits Euro
ropean colonization and exploitation.
The present condition of the former
region presents a dismal contrast to
its former prosperity, to revive which
only the impact of Western energy and HBISTE
uf
111 0 1 ? T . AAR .Y THE GREAT,
yOnil I I I P' Now BUILT INTO
HURCH
CHUItCH OF THE REDEEMER, DEDICATED BY THE KAISER AT JERUSALEM.
methods is required. Under the Se
leucid sovereigns Syria was the seat of
a splendid empire, and it continued to
be a populous and opulent province
under the Boman sway. Antioch was
one of the four ohief cities of the Ro
man dominion. Later, under the Om
myad Caliphs, Damascus was the capi
tal of Islam. For many centuries
after Greece had decayed, and the
sceptre had passed from llome to Con
stantinople, the vast peninsula now
known as Anatolia was the most dense
ly peopled, most flourishing, and most
highly civilized part of the Mediter
ranean world. Under favorable cir
cumstances it might regain much that
it has lost. If, through an arrange
ment with the Sultan, the Germans
were permitted to undertake the task,
they would undoubtedly be able,
through the construction of railways
and the stimulation of industry and
trade, to regenerate the whole of west
ern Asia from the Tigris to the Bos
phorus. The suspicion that William
11. has designs in this direction has,
naturally, excited jealousy in Paris
and St. Petersburg. France has long
considered that she has a species of
pre-emptive right to Syria, and has,
more than once, assumed ft tutelary
role toward the Christian inhabitants
of that country. Russia, from her
coign of vantage in Armenia, contem
plates the prospect of absorbing Ana
tolia from the northeast, and has no
desire to see her path obstructed by
German interposition. The Bussian
censor allows the well-known St.
Petersburg paper, the Novoye Vremya,
to declare that "the political signifi
cance of the German Emperor's trip
to Palestine is beyond all doubt. He
evidently desires to familiarize himself
with Asia Minor, the theatre of the
German colonization movement in the
near future. All recent efforts have
tended to impel German emigration to
that quarter."
Forty new photographs of the Em
peror William have Vfeen taken in the
tropical uniform which he wears on
his journey to the East. The uniform
is of a thin light brown material. The
coat it comfortable and a little loose.
and bears the badges of a general and
the oords of the guards. The trousers
are tight-fitting, and have broad red
stripes, and are worn with high yellow
boots. The scabbard of the sabre is
of brown leather. The light-oolored
helmet is adorned with the Prussian
eagle in front. The photographs
represent His Majesty alone, on foot
and on horsebaek, in company with
Oeneral von Fiessen, Grand Master of
the Horse; Count Wedel and Adjutant-
General von Scholl, who are also in
tropioal uniform, and, lastly, His Maj •
esty alone in British uniform.
The Holy City, and all of the cities
and villages of the Holy Land which
the German imperial party included
in its itinerary, made elaborate prep
arations to receive their august guests.
Roads throughout the country were
repaired and hundreds of new ones
are in course of construction. One of
the principal and most historic roads,
leading up Scopus and over the Mount
of Olives, has beeu transformed into
a beautiful carriage drive. This wa6
done to please the German Empress,
who was anxious to reach this holy
site without fatigue. In the times oi
Titus, with his war hosts, it was noth
ing but a narrow mule track. Along
this road David flew from Absolom,
and to reach this spot, where the
Saviour wept over Jerusalem, it has
been climbed for centuries by Komans,
Moslems and Christian knights.
Great improvements were made to
Jaffa Gate, through which the Kaiser
and his party enter the city. A wide
carriage roadway has taken the place
of the narrow passage between it and
the tower of David.
The Church of the Redeemer is now
completed. It is a magnificent struc
ture, whose spires tower high above
JERUSALEM STREET, SHOWING ENTRANCE
TO THE PRESENT HOSPICE OF THE
KNIOHTS OF ST. JOHN.
the surrounding domes. It has cost
more than 1,200,000 marks ($300,000),
containing in its oorner stone (laid in
1893) a doonment written by the
present Emperor of Germany, elo
quently extolling the desire of "my
royal grandfather to accomplish what
is only now possible," referring, of
course, to the instance of King David,
who wished to build the Temple at
Jerusalem, but was forced to hand it
over to his son Solomon. The docu
ment also declares that this churoh
"shall stand as a monument to the
faith opened to evangelical Christen
dom through the reformers, and as
a visible witness to the unity of faith
in which the evangelical churches of
Germany are bound with each other
and all outside"—a clear indication of
the purpose matured five years ago in
tho Kaiser's brain to stand as the
"Pope of Protestantism."
Thrilling Dive.
At the recent water sport exhibition
in London of the Ilex and Scottish
Swimming Clubs several startling
feats were shown. The hardy Scots
aroused great enthusiasm by showing
liow a company of hardy Highlanders
; could swim across a stream in action
| and keep their rifles in readiness for
| work. But the crowning feat was the
i twin brothers' diving act, done by two
| members of the Ilex Club, evenly
matohed in height and weight. The
distance dived was not excessive, but
it required nioe judgment for the two
young men, hand in hand and olasping
each other's bodies, to leap at exactly
the same moment, turn in air with the
same curve and descend, a beautiful
picture of harmonious repose, plump
into the tank.
Between 1870 and 1897 the deaths
per thousand from consumption in
Philadelphia decreased from 3.42 to
1.96.
THE MAHDI'S TOMB.
When Omdnmtn Waa Captured the
BrltUh Ordered It Destroyed.
It has been ascertained that Major
3ordon, nephew of General Gordon,
teoured the head of the Mahdi when
the embalmed remains of the impostor
THE MAHDI'S TOMB AT OMDURMAN.
irere disinterred Irom the tomb at Ob
iurman, and is keeping it as a curio.
The headless body was thrown into
the Nile, but a few not over-fastidious
officers who were present took some
toe and finger nails as mementoes.
Since the overthrow of the power of
the Dervishes more details of the life
of the Mahdi, their first great leader,
*re coming out.
That potentate, after the capture of
Khartoum and the death of Gordon,
was no longer the humble Dervish of
three years before. His success had
developed the sensualism of his na
ture. For several months he had
left the conduct of tho war to Osman
Digna and Abdullah, whom be named
the Khalifa and nominated as his suc
cessor. He increased his harem and j
led a self-indulgent life, not caring
even for the adulation, akin to wor- i
ship, which the people bad paid to the
man who bad won glory for Islam. In
eix months from the day Gordon died
the Maluli himself succumbed. Ac
counts differ as to the cause of his
death. Some say that he was pois- )
oned by a woman he had foully
wronged; others that he was killed bj j
one of his generals, and others thai
his debauched life had its natural
end. "Thus," writes a historian
"ended the Mahdi—whose career had
involved the murder of a hundred
thousand men, women and children
and hundreds of devastated towns anc
villages." The Khalifa, his successor,
erected a magnificent mausoleum ovei
his remains. It walls are six fee< i
thick; it is thirty-six feet square an'c
thirty feet high. Above this is i ,
hexagonal wall fifteen feet high, fron j
which springs a lofty dome. Th»
British fire, however, in the recen
battle, injured the edifice, and whei
the city was captured, Sir H. Kitch
ener ordered its destruction.
Naming the Chicken.
"Madam, what was the name oi
this spring chicken?"
Mr. Golightly stared hard at tin
landlady as he spoke. The bird in ques
tion, skillfully eluding the fork wit!
which he supposed he had impaled it i
had leaped from under the carving [
knife and struck him squarely in th<
shirt front.
"Name, Mr. Golightly," said tht j
landlady; "I don't think it had s
name."
"You should have called it Hope,
ma'am," said the unhappy carver.
"And why Hope?"
"Because," he bitterly answered as
he scraped the gravy from his neck
tie, "because the poet says that 'Hope
springs eternal in the human breast."
—Cleveland Plain Dealer.
Mauy Forms of Bacteria.
So small are bacteria that it would
take, in some cases, as many as fifteen
thousand of them arranged in a row to
make an inch. They have different
forms, some being round, some oval,
some rod shaped, while others are
much the shape of a corkscrew.
Newspaper Circulations in the World.
There are 2200 daily and 15,000
weekly papers published in the United
States, and twenty-eight different
languages, other than English, are
represented in the newspaper press of
the country.
] SPAIN^
JII.OOOOOO
fa RUSSIA
I'll 12-000-000
03l AUSTRIA
I'l |l, 40 000-000
Hijiiii'.'H
jgo'/oqo-oooil FRANC £
iwnOiii
7401000-000'i| ERnAN Y
. mWf ll''ij ENGLAND
hiiVi) uCal i:i'i(,iio
Z3O-.0p0.000h ,| '
I . 1...in
COMPARATIVE MONTHLY ISSUES OF NEWS
PAPERS IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES.
The accompanying design shows in
a striking way how we lead the world
in respeot to the number of news
papers printed. Poor old Spain is at
the foot of the list, and this no doubt
is explained by the high rate of illit
eracy that prevails in that benighted
oountry.
Oar Olßoem* Pij.
The salary of a lieutenant-colonel in
the United States Army is $4000; of a
brigadier-general, $5000; and of a
major-general, $7500.
IFOR FARM AND GARDEN.:
Fixing the Hen House.
It would be a good idea to look the
hen house over—-you may find soma
cracks or knot holes in the walls or
door that ought to be fixed before
cold weather sets in. Lights may be
broken out of the windows that ought
to be replaced, and it may be the roof
iiseds repairing to prevent dampness
from the fall rains that will soon be
here. These things attended to now
will give comfort and health to the
/owls and prevent loss to their owner.
Wheat-fail flogs.
As wheat is uow cheap again, more
or less of it is likely to be fed to hogs.
It does not make as nice-looking pork
is does corn, as the latter shows more
fat, and therefore takes the eye of the
purchaser. But if some wheat is fed
with the corn the pork will be as fat
is if wholly corn fed,and will be much
better in quality. The hogs will eat
more and digest better when wheat
tnd com are fed together, because tho
sombination of tlieso two grains make
i better-balanced ration than either
ilone.
Proper Tillngo.
The object of tillage is to secure the
proper arrangement of soil partioles
with relation to each other. The
stii ring of the soil is very beneficial
in the destruction of weeds, but any
system that will keep the soil in the
best physical condition will also keep
iown the weeds. Soil temperature
:an be considerably influenced by
physical conditions. The water hold
ing capacity or facility with which
water can move through the soil and
;onsequently the supply of plant food
which may be carried to the roots of
the crop, tho amount of water taken
to the surface and evaporated, are
governed largely by the arrangement
of the particles. The free access of
air can be secured in sufficient quan
tities, supplying tho necessary amount
of o\ygen, and the soil can be placed
in such a condition of fineness as to
allow the perfect root development.
The importance of these points makes
it necessary to give a great deal of at
tention to the preparation of the seed
bed.—South Dakota Experiment Sta
tion Bulletin.
The Celery Blight.
The bacterial disease of celery,
; which blotches the leaves with brown
spots, appears more particularly upon
; the golden plum variety, but it is apt
i to attack any variety that is rained.
l'he germs of this blight can easily be
i isolated and studied, and they multi
j ply rapidly under favorableconditions.
Tnese conditions, as one might well
: suppose, are present when the celery
s kept constantly moist, but not en
;irely submerged. The lomedy.is
likewise easy of solution. Celery
kept entirely under water is not sus
ceptible to the blight, and it will keep
thus much longer when the disease is
i present than leaves and stalks partly
| lubmerged. When kept free from
| moisture the blight is likewise slow of
growth. In wet, damp seasons the
Jisease spreads more rapidly than in
iry seasons. The necessity of blanch
lug celery in soil that is kept free from
moisture by good drainage is apparent.
If the blight attacks the celery in
ilarming intensity it is better to sub
merge ail of it in water, and keep it
ihere until dry weather comes again.
The disease in some localities in
«ret soasons is so violent that it ruins a
whole crop when it once gets estab
lished. The germs when they ri ach
the core of a plant cause the tei.der
beart to decay with great rapidity,
melting it away to a worthless mass of
rottenness. As the bacteria also ap
pear on carrots it may be that they
>ften start from this source.—Prof.
Fames S. Doty in American Cultiva
tor.
Produce Only the Best.
The farmer should not only try to
reduce the cost of production, but he
ihould try to produce the best of
iverything. Quality counts in selling,
»nd any reasonable expense entailed
In the production of extra quality in
iny farm or garden crop will be amply
repaid. A little extra care in the se
lection of the best varieties, and in
their cultivation and care, will usually
accomplish the desired end. The mar
ket is seldom over-stocked with goods
»112 extra quality, and the best always
lell first at an advanced price.
Selection, thorough cultivation and
fertilization by means of stable man
are or commercial fertilizers will re
mit in a marked difference in the
juality of berries, fruits and field
jrops. They must have favorable
iircumstances under which to grow
»nd mature, or they cannot be first
jlass. No fruit tree can do its best
when standing in a wet, poor soil.
Underdrain, cultivate, manure and
prune properly, then you can expect
jood results. The farmer who pro
luces the best grains, can, with a lit-
Ue push and energy, dispose of the
most of his field products for seed,
and in this way get more for them
than they would bring in the regular
market. There are always sections
where good seed of various kinds is
icarce. Others wish to change seed
svery few years—a very good prac
tice. This creates a demand for grain
of extra quality.
The market for fine fat stock and
breeding animals is never glutted.
But second or third-rate stock is apt
togo begging for a purchaser. It may
cost a little more for the sire and dam,
but the feed costs the same, or, in
fact, costs less Tor a thoroughbred
animal than a scrub, because in the
former it shows to a better advantage
and (fells more per pound The
icrnbis usually a long-legged raw-
boned animal that requires a great
amount of feed to maintain it,anil still
more to fatten it. A hard feeder in
every sense of the term, there is little
or no profit in handling that kind ol
stock. A careful feeder who under
stands his business should always
make a fair profit, even in an off year,
by handling improved stock.—O. J.
Vina in New England Homestead.
Propagating by Cuttings.
To many people the springtime,
when trees and shrubs are putting
forth new foliage, seems much the
best time to cut and plant cuttings.
But behind the tree or shrub are thou
sands of roots, each ready, so soon as
the ground is at all warmed, to send
up sap to swell the buds into leaf and
start the shoots which nature has pro
vided for future growth. In the cut
ting all these roots have to be pro
vided, and the chief object of the
propagator who uses cuttings is to
keep leaf uud shoot from sprouting
until at least some root can be made
to furnish it with sap and provide for
future growth. For this season late
in summer or early in the fall is a
much better time to plant the cutting.
At this season the ground is always
warmer than the air. If the top of
the cutting out of ground is kept wet
by being covered with a cloth that is
never allowed to diy, there will be no
danger that the buds shall dry up be
fore the root has started to sustain
future growth.
Before a cutting can bpcome a plant
it must slowly dry in eruditions such
that part of the sap will exude from
its lower cut surface. This hardens
into what is called a "callous." Out
of this callous start white hair-like
threads whose purpose seems to be to
absorb water. When the bud begins
to swell it needs more moisture and it
draws on the sap in the cutting to
supply it. This, in its turn, draws on
the part below. Thus the moisture
which the threadlike roots have ab
sorbed is supplied to the cutting to
replace what the bud has taken. So
soon as the thread-like roots find they
are of uso, they rapidly increase, and
extend themselves, furnishing more
and more sap to be elaborated by the
leaves and sent back through the cut
ting to increase its size.
By the usual method of making the
cutting in spring and planting imme
diately, the callousing of the base and
starting of roots has to bo two to three
or four weeks after the buds burst
into leaf and shoot. So long as sap
in the cutting lasts there is appear
ance of life. But the experienced
gardener knows that a cutting thus
planted can seldom or never be estab
lished on its own root, aud he is not
disappointed when midsummer heats
come to see the shoot wither and turn
brown, often after it has grown three
or four inches long.—American Cul
tivator.
Preparation for Winter,
If bees go into winter in proper
condition to winter well, it is neces
sary to begin early to get them in
good shape. Weak colonies may as
well be united early as late, for it -will
not pay to undertake to winter them
if they are weak. If bees lack food it
is also best to feed early. The month
of September is probably the best time
for all this work.
Breeding in autumn is one of the
most important things iu successful
wintering of bees,and very frequently
there is but little, if any breeding doue
at this time, ou account of a limited
supply of nectar-bearing blossoms, so
that colonies run down in strength
and there are also no young bees to
take the place of old ones that die off
largely in winter. Bees bred iu Sep
tember and October are of the proper
age to winter well, and it is plainly
noticeable that when bees have a good
fall flow of honey and the hives aro
well tilled with brood, that they in
variably winter better than when the
contrary circumstances exist.
Queens cease laying to a great ex
tent after the principal honey har
vest, and if honoy almost stops com
ing iu they will nearly quit laying al
together. This is more especially so
with old queens,and those only reared
the present season will lay to any ex
tent. In case of * dearth of honey in
autumn, it is well to feed the bees to
stimulate good blood-rearing. By
daily feeding a small portion of sirup,
the queens will respond by laying
eggs, and if feeding is kept up for
two or three weeks, the combs will be
supplied with brood and the results
are that the most important bees of
the seasou are reared.
Colonies may have a good stock of
stores and plenty to wiuter them, but
it matters not as to tlio amount of re
serve stores they may have in the
hives, breeding stops all the same
wheu the flow of nectar ceases.
Hence we may go into winter quarters
with a large colony of bees that may
have any amount of honey but have
not bred any during the fall months,
and such colonies will not come
through the wiuter well, and in most
cases all perish before spring.
Lots of young bees in autumn and
plenty of stores in the way of good
sealed combs of honey are two of the
principal essentials iu successful win
tering.—Farm, Field and Fireside.
A Mtmkrat Causes Trouble.
A little muskrat caused an untold
amount of trouble in a big city a 'ew
weeks ago by succeeding in cutting
off the electric light supply of the en
tire place. It was over an hour be
fore the cause of the disaster was dis
covered. The city all over was in
total darkness. On examining the
feed pipe the little animal was fouad ;
it completely blocked the passage.
The interior of a gold-bearing rock
was inspected in an Oregon town by
means of the Roentgen rays, and veins
of auriferous metal were as plainly
visible as if they were on the surfaoe.