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s THE IRETFUS CASE 2
• UPHEfIVFS ALL FRANCE. •
@5) Life of the Famoue Exile in His Prison on ft#
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The suicide, in his prison, of Lieu
lenant-Colonel Henry is the latest act
performed in the drama of the Dreyfus
•ase, and everything seems to indicate
ihat the iifth and last act will end, as
m classical tragedies, by virtue being
-e warded and crime punished. Ihat
,s to say, a revision of the seoret and
llegal trial of Captain Dreyfus will be
granted. This is all that is wanted by
iniversal conscience, for the question
sf the guilt or innocence of the prison
er of Devil's Island is a secondary one
when contrasted with that of the su
preme right of any man in a civilized
uation to be judged not within closed
loors, aud not without being shown
the documents which have led to his
indictment, sentence and degradation.
It is this aspect of the Dreyfus ques
tion which has made it a subject of in
terest throughout the world.
For tha last tivo years a tremendous
fight has been kept on in France in
favor of a revision of the Dreyfus case,
by the lovers of justice and fair deal
ings in the courts. Emile Zola, Cle
menceau, Jaures, Pressense and a host
of other celebrated men have fought
in vain for the revision. The French
people refused to listen to any accusa
'lU I
COMMANDANT ESTERHAZV.
tion against the General Military Staff,
the only accusers of Captain Dreyfus,
who practically hypnotized the nation,
to which they represented themselves
as the immaculate chiefs of the army,
upon which the French confidently re
lied for obtaining the recovery of the
two lost provinces, Alsace and Lor
raine. But the suicide of Lieutenant-
Colonel Henry, the factotum of the
General Staff, and his avowal that he
had forged one of the secret docu
ments used against Dreyfus, have
opened the eyes of the French people.
Thus it has "suddenly been shown
that not only had the captain been
condemned without being allowed to
see and discuss the documents which
influenced the opinion of his judges,
but that one of these documents, at
least, was a forgery, confessed by the
forger himself. The first illegality
was admitted by a Paris paper,
L'Eclair, the recognized organ of the
EX-CAI>TAIN DREYFUS AT HIS HUT UNDER GUARD ON DEVIL'S ISLAND,
General Staff, iu its number of Sep
tember 15, 1896. Anyhow, it was the
publication in L'Eolair which began
to open the eyes of the unprejudiced
Frenchmen to the matter, and whioh
caused the opening of the campaign in
favor of the revision.
At that time Captain Dreyfus had
already been confined for nearly two
years in his awful prison of Devil's
Island —the worst spot on the coast of
French Guiana, nearly opposite the
city of Cayenne—wliich was denomi
nated, together with its neighbor
Sinndendria, the "dry guillotine,"
when it was chosen as a place of de
portation for the Terrorists and anti
linperialists sentenced by the Di
rectory and by Napoleon I. But it
appears, according to the latest de
spatches, that Dreyfus, whose death
was often reported, is thoroughly ac
climated, and physically in good
health. He will be able, therefore, to
j answer any charges which may be
ISLE DU DIABLE, SHOWING THE HUT IN WHICH DREYFUS IS CONFINED,
brought against him, and to discuss
the value of the real or the forged
doouments which were not communi
cated to him or his advocate at the
time of his trial, which took place in
December, 1894. Two mouths before,
a "bordereau," or memorandum, re
vealing, as said above, the programme
of the mobilization of the French
corps d'armee, was brought to Colonel
Sandherr, chief of the Intelligence
Bureau of the General Staff, who died
soon after, and whose place was filled
by Lieutenant-Colonel Henry, the too
famous suicide and forger. The
"bordereau" had been found in the
waste-basket of the German Ambassa
dor at Paris by a servant, who acted
as a spy in the interest of the French
Intelligence Bureau. At least suoh
was the explanation given at Drey
fus's trial, though it is more than
strange that documents of such im
portance shouH be carelessly thrown
by a diplomat n his waste-basket. As
to this docun. int, it was asserted by
the accused captain that it was not in
the handwriting of Dreyfus. On the
other hand, some papers circulated a
story according to which the captain,
having been summoned to the General
Staff and required to write a few lines
dictated from the "bordereau," threw
himself at the feet of Colonel DuPaty
de Clam, and admitted that it was he
who wrote the treacherous document.
Since then it has been discovered that
the real author was probably Com
mandant Esterhazy, who was twice
acquitted by two courts-martial, but
who is reported in the latest de
spatches from Paris to have disap
peared as soon as it was stated that
the Government had decided to grant
a revision of the trial of 1894.
The trial resulted, as is well known,
in a sentence condemning Dreyfus to
imprisonment for life and degradation
from all military rank and honors.
Alfred Dreyfus is a Hebrew from the
the city of Mulhausen, in Alsace, who
had elected French nationality after
his native place had been annexed to
the German Empire. He was an ar
tillery officer, a married man, father
of two children, and possessor of a for
tune sufficient to exclude the idea
that he would resort to treason in or
der to make money. After his sen
tence lie was taken from the military
prison of the Cherohe Midi to the
square of the Ecole Militaire in Paris,
where troops were assembled to wit
ness the painful ceremony of the de
gradation. The insignia of his rank
as captain, the badges of his profes
sion, were torn from his coat and cap;
even the stripes were torn from his
trousers by the adjutant, and his
sword was broken. He was then led
along the front of the troops; and dur
ing this awful funeral march he did
not cease to ory that he was innocent.
The captain was embarked at the lie
de Be, in February, 1895, for the
Devil's Island, where he remains un
der the guard of twelve men, in a
cabin or hut, enclosed recently by a
high board fence which cuts off a view
of the sea.
•If there is auy hope for Captain Al
fred Dreyfus that hope will be realized
through and by the splendid efforts of
Lucie Eugenie, the captain's beautiful
wife. Soon after his arrival at his
place of exile he wrote to Mme. Drey
fus: "I rely upon you tc solve this
horrible mystery." Then this faithful
wife, who had offered to share her
husband's awful fate and was pre
vented doing so by the French Gov
ernment, set to work to free the cap
tain, or at least to secure for him a
new trial. She went to Berlin and
| flung herself at the feet of the Em
| peror. One word from him, she
pleaded, would release her husband.
I "Say," she prayed, "that the German
i Embassy received no information
j from Captain Dreyfus." The Em-
peror said the word she aßked for, but
it was of no avail. Next she visit
ed the Emperor of Russia, who
took a keen interest in the case and
did what he could to help the plead
ing wife. Next the Pope was drawn
into the affair, and also the Queen
Regent of Spain. All of these eminent
persons used their influeuce to secure
a reopening of the case, but with no
success. Still the work which Mme.
Dreyfus did was bearing good fruit.
The newspapers continued to fight
about Dreyfus. Zola and Max Nordan
took up their pens and wrote with gall
about some of the big people in Paris.
Count Esterhazy was tried on a charge
similar to that on which Dreyfus wae
convicted, and although not found
guilty, the fact was all in favor ol
Mme. Dreyt'us's campaign. Then
Colonel Picquart, a friend of the
MME. LUCIE EUGENIE DREYFUS.
Dreyfusea, fought a duel with Colonel
Henry, and then came the last chaptei
of Henry's confession and suicide.
Captain Dreyfus did well to rely OD
his wife to solve the- truJy horrible
mystery, and that she will certainly
succeed in liberating her husband or
vindicating his memory if he should
die there can be no doubt whatever.
Mme. Dreyfus mades this declaration:
"I am convinced of my husband's ab
solute innocence and mean to prove
it. Jehovah, God or Providence will
ere long crush his enemies and restore
him to me." This prediction cer>
tainly seems about to be iulfilled.
Mme. Dreyfus is still a beautiful
woman notwithstanding the trying
time she has passed through and the
great grief she has felt. The sympa
thy of the world is hers. Newspapers
and people who formerly proclaimed
that Dreyfus was guilty, and that liis
partisans, called the Dreyfusists,
wanted to surrender France to the
practical domination of Germany and
the German Jew financiers, have given
up that criminal and stupid theory.
They are clamoring now for a prompt
revision of the trial of 1894, under
standing at last that this is the only
means to restore to the country the
interior peace which has been so vio
lently disturbed, especially during
the last two years.
A Woman'* Matrimonial Venture*.
Mrs. Augustus Thistlewood.of Provi
dence, R. 1., has been married six
times. At her last wedding four ol
her former husbands were present and
acted as ushers. The fifth sent his
regrets and a present, and an invita
tion to the bride and groom to spend
the honeymoon in his house. The
average term of servitude for these
husbande was ten months; all the di'
vorces were granted upon the applies
tion of the lady without opposition.
The dissolution of matrimonial ties
has been due to the tact and diplo'
rnacy of the lady, who convinced hei
several spouses that they were mis
mated.
Iteait Hl* Own Epitaph.
Randolph H. Waters, an inmate o!
the Soldiers' Home at Leavenworth
Kan., visited a cemetery at Elmwood
Kan., and read the epitaph over a
grave which was supposed to be his
His sister had plaoed the headstone
over the grave two years ago. Waters
ran away from home at the beginning
of the Civil War and after it was ovei
he went West.
01 FAUM AMD GARDEIiI
To Prevent Hillside Washing.
A very serious mistake which I
made when I began to farm was in
running the rows up and down the
slopes of rolling land. When heavy
rains fell the water would follow the
rows, washing away the soil and dam
aging both land and crop. For the
last three years I have run my rows
on a level and my land has improved
as rapidly as it went down under the
old straight row system.—Practical
Farmer.
Cutting Grafts Closely.
With the very sharpest scytbe, it is
possible on land free from stones to
cut grass closer to the ground than a
mowing machine can be run. But the
average machine-cut meadow will be
cut more closely than it is likely to be
cut by hand. This is often a matter
of much importance, as grass grows
much more heavily close to the ground
and an inch lower in cutting makes
often a difference of two or three hun
dred pounds of hay. When clover is
beaten down by rains, the difference
between low and high cutting is often
much more than this.
Growing Cucumbers for Pickles.
When growing cueumbers'for pick
les it is necessary to pick off the cu
cumbers before they exceed two inches
in length. Should the vines be per
mitted to fulfill their mission grow
iug seed—they will cease to be pro
ductive, hence not a single cucumber
on a vine should be allowed to mature.
As long as the small cucumbers are
picked off it will iucrease the numbers
as the vine will continue to supply
others in their place in the effort to
mature them. A few vines well mau
aged will produce a large number of
cucumbers of pickling size.
Exterminate the Farmers' Pests.
During much of each season the
farmer's time is taken up with com
bating noxious weeds and insects. No
matter how thorough his work of de
struction may be one year, he must
repeat the process the next season,
and so on, for in every community are
to be found careloss people who will
permit weeds to multiply and goto
seed and harmful insects to breed and
increase unchecked. Consequently
the thrifty farmer has no permanent
returns for his work and eternal vigi
lance is necessarily the price of his
crop.
liight here is a crying need for ju
dicious legislation. It is the proper
function of the government to not
only protect the life and property of
the people, but stamp out everything
that is inimical to the public welfare.
A striking example is the progress
made in sanitary regulations, whicti
has practically stamped out aiseuses
aud epidemics, which at one time
were thought to be in the natural order
of things. The idea of an insect in
spector with arbitrary powers would
excite derision, but probably not more
so than a health oflicer in the middle
centuries, when the black death was
devastating the populous centres of
Europe. The farmers might as well
as not have protection from noxious
insects and weeds. A few years of
systematic fighting ought to stamp out
entirely many of the insects which are
costing the farmers millions of dollars
annually in the aggregate for even
temporary relief, audit is a matter
that ought to be given more than a
mJ re passing consideration. The
farmers could get the necessary legis
lation if they went after it in the right
way aud with an earnestness that
would permit of no turning down.—
American Agriculturist.
Hand Separator Creamery a Success.
From three years' practical experi
ence with the hand separator system
of carrying on a creamery, I will say,
in my judgment, it is the system.
We have about two hundred hand
separators runniug,and I do not think
you could buy a single one of them, if
the patrons had to sign a contract to
do without a separator for one year.
To illustrate what a revolution the
hand separator has made in our field
of labor: Three years ago our creamery
gathered and worked up all the cream
in our county, and the edges of the
adjoining counties. Within the past
two years there have been four other
creamery plants putin on the same
territory, and notwithstanding the in
crease in factories, we are doing
eighty-five per cent, as much business
as we did before. In other words the
output of cream from this same terri
tory is three times greater than it was
when the hand separators were intro
duced here.
Of course the number of cows have
increased, but this is very largely due
to the separator. Where dairymen
were becoming discouraged and threat
ened to discontinue milking, they have
taken fresh courage, are milking more
cows, caring for them better and tak
ing pride in their work, all because
they see so much better results from
the same amount of labor.
I firmly believe we have brought
three dollars for every one that we
would have done on the old gravity
plan. Not only is the quality of the
cream improved aud the quantity in
creased by the use of the hand separ
ator, but the question of raisingyoung
calves and pigs is solved by its use.
Our farmers have demonstrated be
yond a doubt that the milk fed fresh,
sweet and warm from the separator is
way ahead of any other system known.
I have had scores of men tell me if
they did not get aty more or any bet
ter cream, they would havp the separ
ator for ther convenience and superior
ity of it for raising young calves and
pigs.—F. M. Housh, Neligh, Neb., in
Hoard's Dairynj in.
Brooder Thermometers.
Not only are the practical poultry
raisers making larger and larger use
each year of incubators and brooders
but we lind farmers coming more and
more to make use of these aids to the
early hatching of pullets and the toot h
some broiling cockerels. Getting the
chicks out in early March makes it
possible to sell the young cockerels in
midsummer at the summer hotels at
as great a profit as could be obtained
from them if kept and fed until Thanks
giving time, while the pullets catch
the cream of the year's egg prices by
commencing laying in the fall. Many
farmers are using both incubators and
brooders; but more are to be found
who hatch by hens and then put the
chicks into homemade brooders. Now,
it is possible to make excellent home
made brooders, as I know by expe
rience, but those who make their own
brooders are quite likely to make the
mistake of either using no thermom
eter whatever or of depending upon
the cheap afl'airs that are sold for a
trifle in the stores. A brooder Should
not be inn without a reliable ther
mometer. It is folly to hatch out
chicks aud then risk spoiling them by
over heat or uuder heat in the brood
ers. But where one has half a dozen
or more brooders the purchase of a
reliable glass for each makes quite an
expense, especially in view of their
liability to breakage. A way out of
the trouble is this: Have one reliable,
tested thermometer. If one is run
ning an incubator also the incuba
tor thermometer may be used. Buy
the necessary number of cheap ther
mometers aud paint their graduated
scales white. Then, when dry, put
them with the tested thermometer,
and mark the divisions of live from
seventy up to ninety-five, putting
them all for this testing into the in
cubator chamber or other place where
a steady graded heat can be secured.
These cheap thermometers thus be
come tested thermometers and can be
relied upon. They are not thus tested
by a reliable thermometer at the fac
tory where made, but are turned out
by the hundred; one is tested and the
scale marked for all the others by
that. The result is a variation of from
ono to perhaps six or seven degrees.
Don't try to raise chickens in brood
ers without knowing just what the
temperature is within the brooder
chamber.—New York Tribune.
Cultivating Irluli Potatoc*.
In the raising of potatoes there is
room for much improvement. First,
as to seed. Very often we hear the
expression that potatoes have run out.
If potatoes are properly taken care of
they will be stioug and all right for a
good number of years. It is, how
ever, a good plan to get new seed
every few years. In getting new seed
it is well to remember that climate
has very much to do with the growth
habits of the potato, and endeavor to
get seed from a locality similar to th«
one in which you reside. Where seed
can be obtained at reasonable figures
we believe the acreage of potatoes will
be increased this year, and we believe
it will bo all right within proper
bounds.
Irish potatoes, like all other vegeta
bles, have a soil preference, and it
will not pay to plant on any other
than the best that we have. They
prefer a high clay or sandy loam, and
will not very often do well on a low
black soil. The ground should be
well supplied with plant food and full
of humus. Potatoes will always do
best in a rotation followiug clover.
Very early and very late plantings
are generally best. We have always
had best success when we planted the
last of April or first of May, and be
fore we planted corn. Planted thus
early the potatoes come up and make
their growth before the usual drougth
comes 011. And when planted late,
say from Ist to 10th of June, the late
rains generally help them out. Rows
from thirty inches to three feet apart
will be found about right. Plant
about twelve to eighteeu apart in the
row. Cut seed to two eyes aud drop
two eyes. As potatoes are scarce and
high in price now, where the piece is
sound perhaps one piece in a place
will do.
They should be kept clean. The
first plowing should be given as soon
as the vines make their first appear
ance, so as to follow the rows. The
first and second plowings should be of
a good depth, the remainder shallow.
The maiu thing is to keep the soil as
mellow and moist as possible, for a
mellow and moist soil is a potato's de
light. The earth should be drawn up
around the vines somewhat at the last
plowing in order to prevent sunburn
ing of any tubers. They should not
be hilled, however,to any considerable
extent, and all cultivation should cease
when the tubers begin to set. Fight
the bugs, get some good insecticide
and stay with them until victory is
yours. "Seeth thou a man diligent
in business, he shall stand before
kings. He shall not stand before
mean men"—A. N. Springer, in Agri
cultural Epitomist.
Farm and Garden Notes.
Investigations made officially in
Illinois show that a pound includes
2,185,000 seeds of blue grass, 1,421,-
000 of timothy, 863,000 of white clover,
152,000 of red clover, aud 243,000 of
alfalfa.
Free range, plenty of shade and
loose soil, good feed and clear water
are the essentials in the growth of
young chicks. Such treatment makes
large, early matured and vigorous
cockerels and causes pullets to begin
laying at four and one-half months.
Pure drinking water and regular
salting of cows has more to do with
the quality of milk than is generally
supposed. Salt is an aid to digestion
and it is well known that milk from
cows regularly salted keeps sweet
longer than that from animals stinted
in salt.
SHE'S AN ARMY LIEUTENANT.
Or. Anita McGee Is the Flrtt W»m»n to
Hold an Officer's Commissi* n.
Mrs. Anita Newcomb McGee, who
lias been commissioned an acting As
sistant Snrgeon in the United States
Army, with the rani£ and pay of a
Second Lieutenant, and who is tho
ASSISTANT SCROEON M'OEE.
first woman who has ever received a
uommission in our army, has begun
her official duties at the Army Build
ing, in Whitehall street, New York
City. Her first duty was to select
thirty women nurses for the army in
Porto Rico.
Speaking of her commission, Mrs.
McGee said: "It carries the rauk,
pay and quarters of a Second Lieuten
ant, but I must wear a Second Lieu
tenaut's uniform. It will be the same
as a regular officer's uniform, except
that I shal wear a skirt instead of
trousers. The skirt will be of army
cloth, and the jacket like a mail's,
shoulder-straps and all. My commis
sio is for a limited period, to be re
newed as my services are required.
It will not alter the work 1 have been
doing as a member of the Red Cross."
Dr. McGee is a bright-faced young
woman of unruffled good temper, a
quick and tactful business woman.
She is only thirty, yet has won dis
tinction in the fields of science and
medicine.
Dr. McGee is the wife of Professor
W. J. McGee, head of the Bureau of
Ethnology, in Washington, and
daughter of Profesor Simon New
comb. She is the mother of several
children. Born in Washington, she
was early sent abroad to be educated
at Geneva and one of the universities
for women iu England. She served
two years on the staff of Johns Hop
kins Hospital, Baltimore, and is well
known in her profession in Washing
ton.
A Queer Klver Craft.
The accompanying illustration
shows the queer boat used for the as
cent an 1 descent of the Han River, in
the Kwau Tung province of China.
The lower sail is made of tine bamboo
matting, and it is let down on a hinge
at night so that it rests on the broad,
A HAN RIVER JUNK.
upturned prow of the boat, thus form
ing a highly convenient shelter for the
boatman and his numerous family.
Sharp.
Said an Irishman to a telegraph
operator: "Do you ever charge any
body for the address of a message?"
"No," replied the operator. "Anddo
you charge for signing his name, sir?"
said the customer. "No, sir." "Well,
then, will ye please send this? I just
want my brother to know I am here,"
handing the following: "To John Mc-
Flynn—at New York—i signed] Patrick
MeFlynn." It was sent as a tribute
to Patrick's shrewdness.
Not the Union Scale.
UfcYSST B@BKS %
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DICKENS' WORKS /Jf||
ALL THIS W£SK <j®g§lf>
FOR ONLY*2,/2
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"If Oi wuz woorkin' fer thot mooch
a week Oi wouldn't let people know
it."— Chicago Reoord.