(SPAIN'S SETES! Strongly Fortified But Not Able to With- stand Watson's Fleet. ||j The most important of the coast cities of Spain on which Admiral Watson fixed his glittering eye is Cadiz, on the southwestern coast, be tween Cape St. Vincent and Gibraltar. It is the principal city of the Province oi' Andalusia, the garden of Spain, and has a population of about 60,000 souls. Andalusia is the theme of the most glowing descriptions of travelers in Spain, and it is often characterized as the most beautiful country and the finest climate on the globe. In that " land spring is well advanced in Feb ruary, and there is a marvelous blend ing of northern and southern vegeta tion. Apple and pear trees blossom by the side of oranges, cacti and aloes, and the ground everywhere is covered with flowers. In the valleys even the banana, cotton and sugar cane are grown, while the fruits of this region are esteemed the best in Spain. Cadiz is built on the extremity of a tongue of land projecting about five miles into the sea and enclosing be tween it and the mainland a magnifi cent bay. The site very much resem bles that of some of the West Indian cities, particularly San Juan, in Porto Rico. Seen from either side, the city appears as an island, and it is known far and wide as the "White City." De Amicis says:"To give an idea of Cadiz, one could not do better than write the word 'white' with a pencil on blue paper aud make a note on the margin, 'lmpressions of Cadiz."' The natives call it"The Silver Dish," and it hasv also been likened to an ivory model set in emeralds. Every house in the city annually receives a coat of whitewash, which is glaring and dis agreeable when new, but soon mel lows to a fine ivory tint. For the uni formity and elegance of its buildings Cadiz must be ranked as one of the finest cities in Spain, and it is said to surpass all others in cleanliness, al though the death rate is nearly forty five per thousand. The city is six or seven miles in cir cumference, and is surrounded by a wall with five gates, one of which com municates with the isthmus. The rail road station is just outside the wall, as are also many of the business houses of the place. The walls are thirty to fifty feet high, nineteen feet thick, and on the side of the bay, where it is ar ranged in broad terraces, is a favorite place for walking in the evenings. This is known as the Alameda, and commands a fine view over the ship ping and ports on the opposite side of the bay. Cadiz is strongly fortified; in fact, the whole city is a fortress protected by ramparts and bastions. It is de fended by the forts of Sau Sebastian, on a long, narrow tongue projecting westward out to sea; Santa Catalina, on a high rocky line, to the northwest of the oity, and forming part of its wall; Matagorda and Puntales Castle, on either side of the narrow approach to the inner bay, and Fort San Fer nando, otherwise known as the Cor tadura, an intrenchment south of the city on the long narrow isthmus con necting it with the mainland. Cadiz is said to have been founded eleven hundred years before Christ, and even under the Romans it was a emporium of trade. In the seven teenth and eighteenth centuries it reached the zenith of its greatness, and most of the trade of Spain with her A.DIZ AND ITS HARBOR—THE MOLE AND LIGHTHOUSE IN THE DISTANCE. >lonies passed through Cadiz. In e beginning of the present century had fallen to almost nothing. With .e opening of the railway to Seville d improvements effected in the har >r, trade began to increase, and it is ain an important port. More than housand vessels enter each year, of Woh about half are steamships. Barcelona is pre-eminently the busi es city of Spain, and lies on the editerranean coast, near the north .stern boundary. It was described ' Cervantes as "the flower of the beautiful cities of the world," and Washington Irving had many pleasant things to say of it in Lis day, but now it is the great factory town of Spain. Inclading the suburbs, where all the factories are located, its population is 500,000. The old city, as distinguished from the modern additions growing out of the industrial developments of the place, has played an important part in the history of the world since the days when it was raised by Augustus to the rank of a Roman colony. But the Gatalonians, or Catalans, whose capital ISLAND OP CEUTA, SPAIN'S PENAL SETTLEMENT. it is, consider themselves first Cata lans, afterward Spaniards, and for a long time the people did not know whether they wished to be French or Spanish. Even at the present day they are quick to protest against any action in Madrid which is not to their interests. They have been in frequent revolt, although in all other respects the Province of Catalonia is the scene of fewer lawless deeds than any other part of Spain. Barcelona is famous among tourists for its cathedral, one of the finest speoimens of church aohitecture in Europe, and for the Rambla, a wide, well-shaded street nearly a mile long, extending right through the city and a favorite promenade. It resembles the boulevards of Paris in many re spects. Another famous Spanish sea port is Bilbao, in Biscay. It has many curious sights, the most famous of which is the tree tower. The ancient walls of Barcelona were torn down after a long period of street rioting by the Catalans, who were determined to remove them in order to allow industrial expansion, and their places have been taken by wide streets. To the southwest of the ancient city is a crest or high hill, which breaks down precipitously to the sea. It is called Montjuich, and its summit is occupied by the Cas tillo de Montjuich, a strong fortress, said to have accommodations for 10,- 000 men. Cartagena, sometimes called Cartlia geua, is a small place of about 30,000 inhabitants, but its harbor is the finest on the eastern coast of Spain, and is very strongly fortified. The place was founded about 243 B. C., more than twenty centuries ago, and was originally known as Carthage Nova, or New Carthage, to distinguish it from the African oity. It is now the seat of a Captain-General, and one of the three largest marine de partments. The towns lie on the north side of a deep, narrow-mouthed bay, and its streets are spacious but not impos ing. The stone of whioh most of the houses were constructed is friable and the whole appearance of the place is dilapidated. But a good deal of busi ness is done, principally from the mines nearby, which are very produc tive. Thousands of men are em ployed in transporting lead, copper, iron, zinc and sulphur to the port. Large quantities of esparto grass are grown near the town and it consti tutes one of the principal exports. It is used in the manufacture of paper. The town is walled and is over looked by the Castillo de la Concep cion, a hill some 230 feet high, within the wall and crowned with fortifica tions. In the northern part of the place there are three other hills in side the walls, similarly fortified, and to the east, beyond the railroad which comes in from Murcia, is a high hill, and the Castillo de las Moros. The narrow entrance to the harbor is flanked by high hills, breaking down by precipitous voloanio oliflfs on either side. On the summits are strong forts, and down near the shore are many powerful batteries. The hill on the ea.it is 920 feet high, and is crowned by the Castillo de San Julian; that on the west is 650 feet above the water, and the fort upon its bummit is called the Castillo de las Galeras. The harbor is sheltered by the island called La Escombrera, two and a half miles from the narrow entrance, which breaks the force of wind and waves, and the town is still further protected by two other forts, the Atal aya on the summit of a hill 655 feet high on the west, and the Castillo de Despenaperros on the east. Cartagena has had a stormy exist ence for more than twenty centuries. As early as 210 A. D. it was taken with great slaughter by Scipio the Younger. In 425 A. D. it was pil laged and nearly destroyed by the Goths. Under the Moors it formed an independent kingdom, which was conquered by Ferdinand 11. of Cas tile in 1243. The Moors retook it, but it fell into Spanish hands again in 1276. The town was rebuilt by Philip 11. of Spain on account of its harbor. In 1708 it was taken by the English, and in the next year was re taken by the Duke of Berwick. In 1823 it capitulated to the French, and in 1844 was the scene of an insurrec tion. About thirty years later it re belled again, and on the 23d of August, 1873, was bombarded by the Spanish fleet under Admiral Lobos. Sis months later it was occupied by troops. Malaga is the oldest and most fa mous of Spanish seaports and has a population of nearly 120,000. It was founded by the Phoenicians, and was brought under the sway of Home by Scipio. In the middle of the thir teenth century it reached its zenith, and after its capture in 1487 by Fer dinand and Isabella it sank into insig nificance; but in modern times it be came famous for its grapes and wines. The climate is very mild, and oranges, figs, sugar cane and cotton thrive. Recently Malaga has taken a promi nent place as a manufacturing town, but most of the factories are in the new part of the town, on the right bank of the river which divides it. Malaga is not fortified, and looks directly out upjn the Mediterranean; but its southern part merges into the slopes of the foothills of the Cerro Colorado, some 560 feet above the bay. On the summit is the Castillo de Gibralfaro, the acropolis of Malaga. Ceuta is Spain's pet island colony for convicts, and commands the ap proach to Gibraltar and the Mediter ranean. The Canaries are all there is between Watson and this grim isl and, where, under the cover of for bidding walls and mountains, Spain TBEE TOWEB AT BILBAO. has tortured her exiled prisoners for centuries past. Ceuta is a rock ribbed, rock-bound island off the northeast coast of Fez, Morocco, and is twelve hours' sail from the entrance to the Straits of Gibraltar. It might as well be called the island of the seven hills, for from these it derives its name. Of these the mo6t con spicuous is Monte del Hacho, which looks out toward Spain like a signal point set up to say "All's well." Stretching back from the mountain a narrow peninsula connects the island with the main land of Africa. On this neck of land the town of Ceuta is built. All around are fortifications, the high hills put up there by nature and the prison walls and moats built in succession by conquerors and re modeled and rebuilt by their suc cessors and strengthened again by the Spaniards when they made of it a prison hell. The seven walls coiled about the town itself are thick and im passable, save here and there where arched bridges have been cut through. Between each wall there is a deep moat of sea water, set down like a seductive trap to catch any unfor tunate convict who might escape the vigilant guards stationed all around the walls. Every one of the seven | hills is fortified now. Up high on i Monte del Haohc there is a strong j citadel garrisoned by Spanish soldiers. Here and there the wails are pierced by the noses of cannon, bat there is no evidenee that they have ever been u-ed except for signaling, and it is doubtful if they conld be brought to much better use, owing to their im movability. The Canaries, that colony of Spain off the northwest African coast, have only two ports of any consequence, Teneriffe and Las and the inhabitants are a painfully peaceful lot of non-combatants, wretchedly de fended, poorly armed and likely to run up the white flag at the first sight of a war ship. THE PRISONERS OF WAR. Spain's Captured Sailors Are Contented With Their Treatment. The naval battle off Santiago, in which AdmiralCervera's fleet was annihilated, has placed in the keeping of the Gov ernment about fifteen hundred pris oners. These sailors, who left their native shores for the purpose of do ing damage to American coasts and to capture or sink our ships, are living contentedly at Gamp Long, Seavey's Island, Portsmouth, N. H., which was prepared expressly for them. These sailors are a study, and for many reasons. They represent the national typo; they show the quality of men who form the Spanish army and navy; they are unmistakable evi dences why the Spanish Government was able to plunge the people into a war which threatens the reigning dynasty with greater dangers than those of peace. The captured sailors are made up of men and boys. In their ranks can be seen the gray haired veteran, wlio has spent his life in the Spanish navy, down to the smooth and innocent faced boy, who, were he an American, would yet be at school, enjoying his youth. The suffering tho prisoners endured TYPICAL SPANI9H SAILOB, A rBIHOXER OF WAB OS SEAVEY'H ISLAND. while they were in Santiago Harbor, and the effects of the naval battle, made many of them look extremely wretched. When they landed at Camp Long they had hollow cheeks, sunken eyes and sallow complexions. Many of them were barely able to move and bandages covered their wounds. It is a surprising fact that the greater number of the prisoners are boys, and yet this illustrates much better than anything else the despera tion of the Spanish Government. Taken from their homes and impressed into the service where their heart is not, it is hardly surprising that the Spanish navy was so easily defeated at Manila and Santiago. The type of the Spanish sailor between the veteran and the boy is a fair specimen of the peasantry class. Under normal conditions he is a strong, able-bodied fellow, willing to work when commanded, unlettered and superstitious. There is no doubt that these sailors have a deal of faith in their officers, as the scenes of their parting testify, and the sailors would be willing to follow their officers wherever they were led. Now that they are prisoners on American Boil, they are receiving the treatment which, it can be safely said, has rarely been given to captured foe in time of war. They are receiving every consideration. Comfortable quarters have been provided, good food and decent clothes have fallen to their lot. They are made to feel as Admiral Cervera so prettily said, that these prisoners "are the wards of the American people." That expresses it. We are civilized, and treat our unfor tunate enemies in a civilized way. "These sailors are beginning to ap preciate their treatment. Theii minds have been disabused of the falsehoods they were told by theii officers. The prisoners were told we would kill them if they fell into oui hands. Allowing for the misfortunes they have suffered, they are happy in their imprisonment, and their natures are softened by such kind treatment. As they are naturally dull, they dc not indulge in much amusement iu their confinement. They associate it) groups and spend most of the time talking, probably about their folks at home, their mothers, wives and chil dren, as the case may be. Some ol them play cards, and pass the hours that way. Some walk around for ex ercise, but as a whole tho sailors dc not seem to be very fond of it. Thej like to lay around and take life easy and thankful for whatever comes theii way. Sef.vey's Island is well guarded, sc that if any attempt to escape is made it will be frustrated. Marines patrol the grounds around, and machine gun> face the big yard in which th< prisoners take their excercises. |FOR FARM AND GARDEN^ Sowing Land to Clover. All land sown to wheat should be sown to clover. If but one season's growth is to be expected, this short growth will be worth quadruple the cost of the seed. A clover sod of one season's growth is much superior to wheat stubble only for plowing under for corn. Tnfte