I CHICK AM AUG A PARK 1
&£ Its Superior Advantages as a Maneuvering Ground
j|| For Troops.
The Government finds itself fortu
nate in the ownership of such a
ground for the assembling, instruc
tion, and manoeuvring of troops as
the Chickamauga Park reservation
proves to be, writes General H. V.
Boynton, in the New York Sun. Un
der the aot of Congress making the
park a national manoeuvring ground,
and authorizing the Secretary of War
to assemble there such a portion of
the regular army as he may choose,
and also to allow and arrange for the
concentration and instruction of the
National Guard, it was the intention
to inaugurate such use of the reserva
tion during the coming season. The
Adjutant-General of the army was
considering what should be done in
this direction, and the troops of sev
eral States were looking forward to
summer or autumn camping at the
park. Suddenly the practical uses of
actual war set these plans aside, and
replaced them by others which in
volved the concentration of armies
and their preparation for battle.
No other nation owns such a field
for manoeuvres. Eleven square miles
of the tract are now fitted for regula
tion camps. Eight of these are in
open forest, carefully cleared of un
derbrush, and three square miles are
in fields. There are four square
miles within the legal limits of the
tract not yet purchased. This section
is largely forest, and is available for
manoeuvres by which it might be de
sired to instruct troops in movements
through virgin forest.
The entire area within tho present
limits of the park is clear of fences, and
teams can drive over the fields and
through the woods in every part of it.
forests were cleared out the
future uso of the park for a camp of in
struction was kept in mind, and orders
were given that room should bo made for
teams to be driven through it in any
direction. Tho forest portion of the
tract was thus made practicable for
artillery movements as well as for
cavalry and infantry.
There are no swamp grounds in the
park, and the soil in all sections is ex
cellent for camps. The natural drain
age is good, the whole tract rising
gradually from the Chickamauga River,
which bounds it on the east for several
miles, to the spurs of Missionary Ridge
on its western boundary. Aside from
' THOMAS'S HEADQUARTERS, BNOD GRASS HOUBE, CHICKAMAUGA. -
the river it is a watered tract. Several
small streams fed by abundant springs
traverse it. There are never-failing
ponds, meeting all requirements for
the animals of infantry, cavalry, and
artillery camps. Looking forward to
the occupation of the park as a camp
of instruction, the Commisjiouers have
provided eight artesian wells in order
that it might not be necessary for the
troops to use surface water for drink
ing purposes.
The nat ural features of the park pre
sent every element of topography
likely to be met with in actual cam
paigning. There are fields and forests,
each of great extent, low ridges anil
precipitous elevations, some clear of
woods and some in timber. The
Chickamauga River, with its steep
banks, affords every needed facility
far instruction in bridge building. The
roads of the park system extend along
the crest of Missionary Ridge for eight
miles and cross Lookout Mountain
through the field of the "Battle Above
the Clouds." All the roads by which
the Union and the Confederate armies
approached and left the various fields
within the limits of the park have been
highly improved, and give easy access
to every portion of the seven battle
fields about Chattauooga which are
reached by the mileage system of the
park. These are Chickamaugu, Wau-
ENTEANCE TO OHATTANOOOA CEMETERY.
hatchie and Brown's Ferry, Orchard
Knob, Lookout Mountain, Missionary
Ridge, Tunnel Hill, and Ringgold.
Practice inarches over these roads will
make known to officers and men alike
the unsurpassed strategy by which
Chattanooga was finally secured, the
intricate and quick tactical movements
of notable battles, and the splendid
fighting of both sides, which has not
been elsewhere surpassed in v.-ar. In
addition to the marches over the actual
ground of such contests, the observa
tion towers on the main fields, the
crest road on Missionary Ridge, the
roads over Lookout, and the summit
of the mountain itself, afford eleva
tions from which every movement,
either strategy or the tactics of the
several battlefields, can be distinctly
traced.
The dimensions of this national
TJOOKOUT STATION COMMANDING MISSION
ARY RIDOE.
manoeuvring ground will appear from
a few figures. The legal limits of the
Chickamauga section embrace fifteen
square miles. The crest of Missionary
Ridge for eight miles is owned by the
Government, as are the battlefields of
General Sherman at the north end of
the ridge, and of Hooker and Walthall
on Lookout Mountain. The central
driveway of the park system is already
finished from the northern extremity
of Missionary Ridge southerly for
twenty-five miles thi-ough the Chicka
mauga field toward Lafayette. Tho
remaining five miles are under con
struction. In an east and west direc-
tion tlie drive from Ringgold to the
western limit is eleven miles. From
Missionary Ridge at Rossville to Wau
liatchie Ridge beyond Lookout Moun
tain is six miles. From the same point
by way of McFarland's Gap the western
boundary of the park to its southern
limits is eight miles. The total mile
age of the park system is over 100
miles.
A few concise statements will show
the advantages which the park pos
sesses for practical field instruction.
Standing on the point of Lookout, the
three mountain ranges and the river
over which General Rosecrans's
strategic campaign extended are all in
full view. The front of his move
ment, which when it reached the Ten
nessee River after crossing the Cum
berland had a front of 150 miles, can
be readily traced. All the battleiieL's
mentioned in the course of this letter
can be located, and the ground of
all tho tactical movements of the
battles of Wauhatchie, Orchard Knob,
Lookout Mountain and Missionary
Ridge can be seen and readily under- ;
stood. The observation towers upon <
the battlefields of Chii-kamauga are'
under the eye and show the relative
positions of the movements of that
engagement to those of the battles
about Chattanooga. Ringgold Gap,
the closing engagement in the series
of battles embraced in the park sys
tem, is also clearly discernible.
Leaving Lookout Mouutain and
taking position on Orchard Knob,
which was the headquarters of Gen
erals Grant, Thomas and Granger
throughout the battle of Chattanooga,
a near view is obtained of the Con
federate position upon Missionary
Ridge, and the movements of the
Union troops in the Army of the Cum
berland, Army of the Tennessee and
Hooker's army for their dislodgment
can be readily followed. Passing to
the crest of Missionary Ridge and
driving along its summit, every feature
of the Confederate position and all
the Union movements as seen from |
that side are under the eye, as are j
the battlefields of Lookout and !
Chickainauga.
The observation towers upon the
Chickauiauga field, which occupy the I
highest elevations and rise above the j
timber, enable the student to trace all
the tactical movements of the three
days' operations upon that field. The
Government road to Ringgold will be j
completed early in the present season
and the lines of battle at that point
have already been ascertained and
partially marked.
It was decided to establish the first
camps in the Dyer field, which in one
direction adjoin the ground where
Longstreet's columns broke the Union
lines on.the second day of the battle,
and caused a considerable portion of
the right of the army to be driven
from the field in confusion. At its
other extremity, it sweeps up to the
heights of Snodgrass Hill, where those
famous but unsuccessful attacks of
Longstreet's columns broke in unend
ing succession of magnificent assaults,
continuing from 1 o'clock till sun
down, against the unshaken lines of
Thomas. These camps will be the
centre of a division line of three
brigades, if the present plan of estab
lishing the reserve division at the park
is carried out.
It was also determined to estab
lish the right brigade in the fields
about the Bloody Pond in front of
Widow Glenn's, which was Rosecrans's
headquarters, and on the Viniard
field. At this latter point, on Satur
day, seven brigades on each side swept
back and forth in succeeding victories
and defeats, from noon until sundown,
in one of the bitterest contests of
those which marked the severe fight
ing of the two days. This portion of
the line also embraced the brilliant
fighting of the poet Lytle's command.
The camp of the left brigade is also in
plain view of the fighting ground about
General Thomas's headquarters at the
Snodgrass House,and will cover a por
tion of the territory over whioh Gor
don Granger's troops rushed without
orders toward the sound of battle, to
the relief of General Thomas and"the
salvation of an army.
An adjoining camp overlooks the
Kelly field, into which Breckinridge's
division of Confederates, turning the
Union left, penetrated on Sunday
morning, and over which five brigade
charges occurred in the movements
necessary to drive his columns back.
In front of this field also ran the four
divisions of the Union left, which
stood as firm as did Thomas's troops
on Snodgrass Hill, and bore the brunt
of frequent assaults by the entiro
right wing of the enemy.
The camps for cavalry have been es
tablished in the open country along
the Chickamauga River from Alexan
der's Bridge to Reeu's Bridge, thus
occupying the ground where Forrest's
cavalry, stationed to observe the right
and rear of Bragg's army, was at
tacked by the head of General Thomas's
corps, which, by a night march, had
passed around the Confederate right
to a position fully in its rear, and cov
ering the roads to Chattanooga. Here
Forrest's cavalry dismounted, and
fighting as infantry, so fought, in well
ordered lines, with a pluck and en
durance which carried them into the
very flashing of the guns of the Union
batteries, as to create the impression
with Thomas's veterans that they were
lighting infantry. On this portion of
the field the soldiers now camping
there will learn how for five hours a
contest raged constantly at point
blank range and often almost hand-to
hand where the severity of the fight
ing is well illustrated by the single
fact that one brigade of Forrest's com
mand here lost a quarter of its entire
force in killed and wounded in the
first hour of the engagement.
TO RESCUE ANDREE.
An Kxpetlition of French Scientist* to Uu
mi Airship.
An expedition sent out by the
French Geographical Society arrived
recently at Now York. Its object is
to reach the Kloudike by balloon or
airship, and then togo to the rescue
of Andree.
AIRSHIP TO RESCUE ANDREE.
Their airship is made of silk aud is
now in transit to Vancouver, B. C.
Its capacity is 3000 cubic meters. It
carries 3300 kilograms (about four
tons). The great merit of the ship is
that it is impossible for it to lose any
gas. When any escapes it is forced
into a separate chamber, where it is
kept for use when needed. The great
drawback to the airship is that it con
tinually loses more or less gas.
This flying machine is the most
perfect in existence. It was built by
M. Mallet, who built Andree's famous
airship from the plans of the great
aeronaut, La Chambre. It is oblong
in shape and is constructed on the
plans of the well-known De Lisse sys
tem. The machine is steered by a
system of guide ropes, which are
thrown from the car as occasion re
quires.
The River Nile has its rises, but
Jhose that do mischief are not Ire
quent. During the last 1000 years
there has been only one sudden rise
of the Nile, that of 1829, when 30,000
people were drowned.
Undulating laud is better for the
growth of crops than a level soil.
HELPS FOR HOUSEWIVES.
InvUible Cement.
Isinglass dissolved in spirits of
wiue will produce a transparent ce
ment which will unite broken glass so
as to render the fracture impercepti
ble.
Glass Spoons.
Glass spoons are sold at the drug
stores for the taking of medicines
which may tarnish silver. Better,
however, than these are the glass
tubes which keep such powerful drugs
away from the teeth as well; aud bet
ter, perhaps, than both, is the atten
tion to food and hygienic living, which
does away with the necessity of any
such heroic dosing.—New York Post.
llraM Clothes-Trees.
Brass clothes-trees are late addi
tions in the furniture shops. They
have the advantage of weight, which
gives tlieni stability, a quality often
lacking in the article. With them are
seen, too, standing brass towel-racks.
It has been supposed that this form of
the rack was practically eliminated
from use, and to have such made of
brass does not commend itself espe
cially. Wet towels, thrown over the
brass rack, would soon work injury
alike to themselves and their support.
Cooking Fruits for Children.
"Baked apples may be used where
they agree with children, and a raw
scraped apple may be given," writes
Mrs. S. T. Rorer on "Proper Cooking
for the Nursery" in the Ladies' Home
Journal. "Bananas should always be
cooked, unless they are very ripe and
the skins quite black. To bake a ba
nana nicely you should have a porce
lain or granite baking-dish. Strip the
skins from the bananas, place them in
a dish, sprinkle over a tablespoouful
of sugar; add four or five tablespoon
fnls of water, and bake in a quick
over for twenty minutes, basting once
or tv ice. Serve warm. Blackberry
jam, if properly made, is quite au im
portant nursery food."
Ironing Napkins.
Tn ironing napkins, fold like table
cloths, with the selvedges together,
then iron straight up and down with
the warp, not across. Fold .first
wrong side out, then fold back even
ly to tho edges. This allows it to
open readily. If there is a monogram
fold outside. Fancy folding is a mat
ter of choice, but most private famil
ies prefer the plain fold. Sherry al
lows but one way, the English pocket
to hold the roll. English papers ad
vertise paper patterns for showing
how to fold linen in fancy shapes.
Among these is the "prince's feather,"
where the napkin is folded first in
pleats, then crinkled by running a
silver knife or pencil through the cen
tre fold. The "salt cellar" of the
kindergarten is also a favorite shape.
—Washington Star.
Along the Fie V-r*,.
Cranberry Pie—Linen pie dish with
plain pastry, then fill it with uncooked
cranberries, add one cup molasses and
four tablespoonfnls sugar. Cover with
an upper crust and bake in a quick
oven for 30 minutes.
Plain Pie Pastry—Cut one cup
shortening into three cups flour; add
one teaspoonftil salt, one teaspoonful
sugar and sufficient cold water to
moisten. Turn out on the board and
roll from you. Fold and roll three
times and it is ready to use. It is
much better if it stands on the ice
over night.—Mrs. Rorer.
Rice Pie—Boil one-half cup rice un
til tender, after which add milk until
it is a thin batter, the yolks of four
eggs and a tablespoouful sugar. Bake
with one crust until brown and spread
over the top a frosting made by beat
ing together the whites of four
adding six tablespoonfnls sugar; flavor
with lemon aud putin the oven for
five minutes.
Apple Cream Pies—One cup steamed
apples, one cup sweet cream; sweeten
to taste anil flavor with cinnamon anil
lemon. Beat to a smooth cream, place
in a rich crust anil bake in a quick
oven; Put the whites of two eggs
anil one spoonful sugar, beaten to a
stiff froth, ou top with a wet knife;
return to oveu a few moments until of
a rich brown color.
Quick Mince Pie—Pare anil chop
two apples; add to them two broken
crackers, one tablespoonful vinegar
and one tablespoonful sherry, one
quarter cup sugar and oae-half cup
chopped raisins or clean currants.
Add the grated riuil of one lemon and
one teaspoonful orange juice. Fill
this into a pie dish lined with plain
paste; cover anil bake in a moderate
oven for 30 minutes.
Chocolate Pie—Takepne and one-half
coffee cups sugar, one tablespoonful
butter, yolks of three eggs, one cup
sweet milk, two coffee cups flour and
one teaspoonful soda. For the tilling'
Wlytes of three eggs beaten stiff,then
add one and one-half cups sugar,
three tablespoonfuls grated chocolate,
one teaspoonful vanilla. Beat all to
gether and spread between the cake,
which has bean baked in layers.
Orange Pie—Squeeze the juice from
two large oranges, grate the thin yel
low, mix together anil save one table
spoonful. Beat together one-half
pound sugar anil one-quarter pound
butter; add yolks of six eggs beaten
light and the orange juice. Stir in
the whites of four eggs beateu fto a
froth anil pour the mixture into pie
plates, lined with puff paste. Bake
in a quick oveu and when done spread
with a meringue made of the two re
maining egg whites, two tablespoon
fuls powdered sugar, a pinch of soda
and the tablespoon of juice. Brown
in oven. This will make two pies.
The design of the mace in the
House of Representatives is borrowed
from the emblems of the Roman Re
public.
AN EXTRAORDINARY LILY.
A New lloime Plant, Recently Discovered
in the Illmvlsya*.
A new plant of extraordinary beauty,
discovered in the Himalayas, has re
cently been cultivated. Placed on a
shelf in a moderately warm room, the
dry bulb, without having been planted,
produces a flower that unfolds and
blooms in midwinter. This curious
plant belongs to the family of the
calla lily. Its scientific name is sav
romatum pedatum, and its bulbs are
round and flat at the top.
The petal is of a rich, deep crimson,
extending from a greenish yellow
calyx,*the inner surface of whose ex
tremity shows crimson spots on a yel
low ground. After blooming the
planted bulb bears long, pointed
leaves on a spotted stem, while the
WILL (-.ROW ON A SIIELF.
(New House Plant from the Himalayas
That Blooms Without Care.)
implanted one soon perishes.
Another interesting novelty in
plants is the little mimosa spegazzini,
first cultivated in the botanical gar
den in Rome. It was discovered in
the Argentine Republic by mission
aries.
The pretty little plant is much hard
ier than the well-known sensitive
plant (mimosa pudica). It has the
same habit of shrinking and closing
its leaves at the slightest touch. The
leaves are soon after raised and
opened, but at night they are invari
ably closed.
The sensitive movement of the
plant is termed a threefold one. First,
the feathery leaflets close, bending
their points forward; then the littlo
ribs that bear them move together,
and at last the stem of the leaf siuks
with its four spindles.
Fact* About Our Country.
The United States are inhabited by
inly tive per cent., or one-twentieth
part, of the population of the world,
but tive per cent, of the world's
people use one-third of the world's
iron, steel and copper, one-quarter of
the world's product of wool and more
than one-quarter of its cotton. Texas
alone makes as much cotton as the
entire South did before the war, al
though less than one-tenth of her area
is in cotton lauds. Since 1860 the
number of farm-owning families in the
country has increased from 1,850,000
to 8,392,000, while farm-tenants'
families are only 2,132,754, against
1,508,750 in 1860. Farm owners are
increasing more rapidly than farm
tenants, and of the two combined
6,000,000 families are at work on the
farms.
In Favor of Delny.
"Sometimes," said Mr. Cuinrox, "1
am inclined to think that people are
unnecessarily slow in concluding en
terprises of public interest."
"Well," replied his wife, "maybe
it's just as well. I've been listening
to Dollie's graduation essay, and it'll
be a great thing if the public can wait
till after it comes out."—Washington
Star.
A Curious Windmill.
A farmer of nautical tastes living in
Westohester County, New York, has
constructed a curious windmill.
A NAUTICAL FARMER'S WINDMILL.
It pumps water from the Bronx
into a Williamsbridge farm house.
The four sloops are correctly built
and rigged. They fill, jib and tack
as they swing around the circle, often
making great speed.
THE MINUTE.
A button I am, man fastens by me
The robe of his future, his great "To b«."
I close up the past so none can look In,
I hold fust forever the great "Has Been,"
I go like a pebble that drops In the sea,
I urn one of the ticks of Eternity.
—Mary E. Page, in Boston Transcript.
HUMOROUS.
Belle—And BO they were happily
married? Nell—Yea; each of them
married somebody else.
Brown—Jones strikes me as a man
who is afraid to think for himself.
Smith—Why doesn't he get married?
Father—Has the young mnu any
prospects? Daughter Well —er
Papa, he has relatives in the Klon
dike.
First Friend—So he married iti
haste ! Did he repent at leisure?
Second Friend—No; he repented iu
baste, too.
The Tramp—Can you tell me how I
can get some work, sir? The Citizen
(crustily)— Yes; buy a bicycle and try
to keep it clean!
Bacon—And he's kind-hearted, is
lie? Egbert—Kind hearted? Why, I
don't believe he ever said an unkind
word, even to an alarm clock !
Mr. Hopeful—How dull it was at
Wilkins* party, last night. She —Yes;
in the early j art of the evening. It
got brighter soon after you left.
Mrs. Straight—My daughter has
beeu very carefully brought up. Col.
Blunt—But, notwithstanding, madam,
I tind her a very interesting com
panion.
"Now, Beiinie, here's the medicine,
and here's the dime papa left to pay
yo.i for taking it." "All right, mam
ma. If you take it and don't tell, I'll
give you half."
"So you refused him?" "Yes; I
told him it was better \o make a great
many men happy by being engaged to
them than to make one miserable by
marrying him.",,
Visitor (to insane asylum)— That
man looks rational. Keeper—Yes,
but he is really the craziest one in the
whole place; he keeps wanting to see
his mother-in-law.
Business Man (to clerk, whom he
has caught kissing his typewriter)
Do I pay you to kiss my typewriter,
sir? Clerk—You don't have to; I'm
willing to do it for nothing.
"What," asked the dreamer, "would
you do if you could be a king for a
day?" "Me?" asked the practical
mail. "I'd borrow enough money to
live 011 the rest of my life."
American Tourist—l understand,
Marquis, that you 112 11 in love with a
distinguished American lady on ac
count of her pretty foot. Marquis—
Dat is it. Dat is it. De pretty way
she foots de bills.
Cos Stick—l don't see you out rid
ing lately, old chap. You don't mean
to say you have tired of your wheel?
Henry Peck—No, not at all; but you
see my wife has taken my tires for the
baby to cut his teeth 011.
Simpkins Did you notice how
sheepishly Wigwag looked when I
asked him how the fare was at his old
boarding place? Timkins—No won
der. They fed him on mutton chops
three times a day as long as he was
there.
"I understand that Jones is in hard
luck." "Yes, indeed! He has been
obliged to become an agent for the
'flmvmer' wheel after insisting for
yearn that the 'Scorcher' was the only
wheel any self-respecting bicyclist
could ride."
"How is your husband?" asked one
o" two women. "Very much run
COWL," was the answer. "Perhaps
he works too hard." "No, he doesn't.
But he loses sleep and wrecks his con
stitution trying to figure out some way
to live without working at all."
The Chin 1111*»n ami the Bluejackets.
H. 31. K. Rapid recently called at
Cairns, in Northern Q ueeus ln u d< 8
town with a large Chinese population,
among whom a boisterous party of
bluejackets from the warship ran riot
when on shore leave, with the result
that a bill for st>2s damages was for
warded to the captain, together with
the following explanatory letter;
Misser Captain—What for you send
him sala man aluugniy fellow-countly
man shop, smash em window, steal
etn hat, blake em door! What fot
your sala man blake em window?
Window no lun away. My country
man want blake em sala man;sala man
lun away. Window more better
sala man. I get your countlymau
makem bill longa you. Suppose you
no pay him, mo te'le your Missie
Queen. She no pay, me tell em my
empeior. You look out! Suppose
she no pay him bill God save em
queen no more. No more Chinaman
callem queen good fellow. Good-by,
Misser Captain, hope you 110 catchee
seasick. —Westminster Gazette.
"Hobson'» ( liolre."
The first man in England to keep 8
stable of hack-horses for hire was
named Tobias Hobson.
His methods of doing business were
strictly impartial. He strongly ob
jected to one customer having an ad
vantage over another. In accordance
with his peculiar sense of justice,
therefore, his stable rules were such
that when a man came to hire a horse
he was obliged to take the one nearest
the door, and naturally the style of
animal he got depended entirely on
chance.
This unusual procedure attracted at
tention, so that when n man was
obliged to accept something when he
should have had his selection, he
would say it was "Hobsou's choice."
France and Germany are endeavor
ing to acclimatize the American lob
ster, as hardier and healthier than his
European congener.