SULLIVAN REPUBLICAN. W M; CHENEY, Publisher. VOL. IX. Russian explorers arc endeavoring to extend Russian influence in British In dia. Of the 900 languages spolfen in tlio world, there aro about 750 into which no portion of the Holy Scriptures has yet been translated. Iu the autograph collection of the Hto Dr. Rallies, just sold in England, wan a full set of signatures of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. This brought $4250. ■i Russia Is now rapidly constructing the longest railway in the world. It is 4785 miles long, nearly twice the length of the Canadian Pacific, and runs from Miask, on the eastern side of the Ural range, to Vladdivostoir, on the Sua of Japan. This road will /make England's position in India very insecure. The curious fact has just boeu brought to light in Kentucky, learns the New York Post, that from 1857 to 1860 the State loaned money to individuals. The interest from t!iis source amounted to 51C,128 iu 1857, to 621,179.32 in 1858, to $20,628.10 in 185-), and in 180'J to $21,363.38. The State Auditor's report for these years shows that many promi nent Kcntuckiaus availed themselves of this means of relief from"the stringency of the money market." The loans were all called in 18(51, and singularly enough, both principal and interest were paid in every instance. New Orleans is at last to have a paid fire department, announces tho New York Post, tho city having been always dependent on a volunteer servico. A particularly commendable feature of tho ordinance bestowing this long-delayed boon ou the inhabitants is the provision that the olliccrs of tho Department shall hold their positions during good behav ior. The appointment of the Fire Com missioners and of the Chief of the De partment is a prerogative of the Mayor. To this, the New Orleans Times 'Democrat objects strenuously, holding that it will make the Department subject to the evils of political influence. The Illinois Legislature found it eafy enough to pass the law providing that "no person, firm, or corporation shall employ any child under the age of thir teen in any store, shop, factory or man ufacturing establishment by tho day, or any period of time greater than ortts day," without a certificate issued by the Board of Education that the labor of the child is the only means of support of "an aged or infirm relative." The enforce ment of the law has not, however, been found so easy, learns the New York Post. No one appears to be charged with this important matter, and as a consequence tho employment of chiLlrcn under the prohibited age goes ou the same as ever. ' Driving a speedy horse is so pleasant and healthful a recreation, says Harper's Weekly, that one is not surprised to learn that Robert Bonner has spent $600,000 of his ample means in following tho ad vico his physician gave him thirty-live years ago. The money has been used in acquiring the fastest trotters in this country, and consequently in the world, and among his pets have been numbered such equine kings uud queens as Dexter, Edwin Forest, Joe Elliott, liarus, Maud S., and Sunol. No, speedier collection of horses than those on his farm at Tar rytowu ha? ever been gathered anywhere, and it is doubtful if there ever will be again, for few persons possess Mr. Bon ner's taste for fast horses, or the means to gratify it so fully if the taste existod. According to the Washington corres pondent of the St. Louis Globe-Democrat "the supposition that there is a large emigration from Japan to the United States is without foundation. Instead of 20,000 Japanese beiug here, as is often stated, the number is probably less than 4000. For the decade beginning with 1861, when a solitary subject of tho Mikado ventured to come to the New World, the immigrants numbered 218. For the two decades ending June 30, 1 1890, the figures indicato an immigration 2491. During the eleven months end ing May 31 of this year, 901 Japanese landed ou our shores. The increase from year to year has been but flight, and if no greater for the years that remain of the century, there is little danger of the presence of ; a 'horde wf Japanese,' so much feared by some labor agitators. The immigrants in 1886 numbered 194; in 1887. 2291; in 1888, 404; 1889, 604, und in 1890, |091." THOROUGH. Or.® and only must thy purpose bo, IVhole and decided i From giant forco but pygmy deed Wouldst see . Wore it divided. " Thou must at ouco thy choico forever make. For strifo or pleasure; Must choose thu kernel or the huik to take— Ilepent at leisure. Some seek for pearls, othors for bubbles mere, On life's sea cruising: Complain not if the bubble disappear— 'Tveas thine own choosing. -—From the Swedish of Count Snoilsky. THE COOK " REVENGE. On the Sth (lay of September, 1868, at 7 o'clock in the morning, with tho Capo of Good Hope bearing almost duo east and 700 miles away, wo sighted a ship dead ahead. I was second inato of the English brig Lord Clive, and wc were bound from Australia to Liverpool with wool. It was my watch—which you must know was the port or captain's watch— and we were within two miles of the stranger when the morning mist cleared and wc sighted her. She was a small, square rigged vessel, driving slowly off before the western wind, and sho did not show :v square foot of canvas on any of her masts. I took tho glass and went aloft, and my wonderment increased. There was one man aboard of her, but only one as far I could sec. He was pacing the quarter deck, and had his face turned toward us. There was no signal of distress flying, and yet it was plain enough that somothing was wrong there. I descended after a long look, and Just then the captain came ou deck. Wo had about a Ave knot breeze, and we were not long in overhauling tho stranger. Iler wheel was lashed, and as wo came upon her starboard qtrarter we still failed to make out more than tho ono man. We were near enough to see that he was a Portuguese, and evidently one of the crew. The name of the ship was tho Three Brothers, and sho hailed from the Cape. We all immediately remembered seeing her at Sidney, and of her having left two weeks before we did. She was loaded with wool to be taken on at tho Cape by the liners coming down 112 am Intlia. Our captain hailed as wo swept past her, but the sailor waved his hand to signify that nothing was wanted. "There is something very queer there," said our captain as wo got clear of her, • 'and I propose to investigate." We lulled up a eoup'e of points to be clear of her and threw the brig into the wind. I was ordered to take two men and pull off to the stranger, which was drifting along at the rate of about two miles an hour. We had a boat down and were off in a minute, and in another ten we should have been up with her had not something happened. The Portuguese stood looking at us for half a minute as we approached. Then he disappeared and I suddenly caught sight of a musket barrel over the rail. I was wondering if my eyes deceived mo, when the villain fired and one of my men pitched forward on his lace, shot through the back, and breathing his last within five minutes. The sailor then stood up and warned us by gestures to keep away or he'd serve out another, and you may guess that we lost no time in returning to the brig. What had occurred only deepened the mystery. There was a ship, evidently in the best condition, but without a sail set and in charge of only one mac. Instead of pursuing her voyage she was drifting like a log. If in distress she showed uo signal and one of our men had just beeu murdered while we were on the way to offer our services. It was a pretty tough nut to crack, but our captain was de termined to find tho kernel. We hauled back on our course and again overtook the ship and this time we ran down so close to ncr that one could have pitched his cap aboard. Every man of us was looking, but we saw only that Portu guese sailor. He had fivo or six muskets piled up on the cabin skylight and he turned his back on us as we swept past. The decks were clear and in perfect or der and the sails had been neatly stowed and furled. "What's the matter? What has hap pened? What do you want?" So the captain shouted at the man, but he paid not the slightest heed. We ran ahead of her about a mile and then luffed up again, and as the ship came dritting down the captain said '•There's been some awful doings aboard yonder craft. It hasn't been mutiny, because there'd be more ineu about, but I'm thinking that man has somehow made way with every other soul! It's our duty to solve the mystery if we can, but we don't want any more murders. Mr. Piper, you will pull off to him again and try to get aboard. Take a musket with you, and if he fires at you try and kill him!" I went off, with two more men, hold ing the boat across the drifting ship. When she was within musket-shot, the Portuguese began blazing away. I could only sec th? top of his head above the rail, as the ship had high bulwarks, and I don't suppose my bullet even whistled in his ears. He had a terrible advantage of us, but I had determined to make a dash and board him, when his third shot struck ono of my men in tho arm anil crippled him for life, and within fifteen seoonds he fired again and knocked my hat off my head. LAPORTE, PA., FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 18, 1891. There was intense excitement aboard the brig When we pulled back. Every man of us now folt that the Portuguese Was the sole survivor of some awful tragedy, and that he meant to fight to the death to keep us from board-, ing the ship. Wo were more than full handed on the brig, there being four men who had |«aM the captain a few dol lars each and wero working tho balance of their passage. If wo found the ship without crew enough to work her we could take her in and claim a pretty lump of salvage. This fact had its influence on our captain, no doubt, though I be lieve he would have stood by her until the mystery was solved to satisfy his own curiosity. It was now decided to send out two boats, and after rummaging around we armed ourselves with three old musket? and a revolver—all tho firearms tho brig could boast of. The first mato took one boat with three men in it, and I took tho other with an equal number. Wo planned to menauce him, so that ho would fall into confusion, and we lay on our oars and lot the ship drift down to us. I was to hook onto her bows, while the first mato kept the sailors busy aft; but we didu't know how much devil there was in him. 110 divided his stock of guns lorward and aft, and his first bullet killed a man In the mate's boat. My boat had hooked onto the forccliains, and I was thinkiug wo had a clear way to the deck when ho upset a pail of boil ing water over us from the rail, and all of us were forced to leap into tho 6ea to ease our torments. The trio of us wero terribly scalded and one of the men en tirely loit the sight of his left eyo. We had not only made another failure, but here was another dead man and more wounded. Our crew was uow for bearing away and making no further attempt to board the stranger, but the captain cried out that he would stand by until he had lost every man and his own life, too, bo fore he would be defeated by a singlo man. Wo had to furl everything to keep in company with the ship, and for three hours the two crafts drifted along almost within musket shot. Then we were ready for another attack. We had constructed three bullet-proof shelters aloug the port rail, and the idea was to run down alongside the ship and shoot tho Portuguese as wo passed. We made sail and ran down, but only to find that the wily villain had himself constructed a shelter and our bullets could not reach him. He gave us three shots while within rango, and though ho hit no one, his shooting was uncomfortably close, and proved that ho was a good marks man. There was but one other way to at tack him, and we put that off until late in the afternoon. Wo wanted wind and sea togo down aud wc had our wish. Along about 4 o'clock the breeze dropped almost out of sight, while the sea was without a white-cap. Wc had made a heavy grappling iron, anil the idea was to lay the ship aboard. When all was ready we bore down on her, and this was a move the Portuguese could not check mate. He had to remain behind his shelter or expose himself to our bullets. We ran alongside, cast our grapuel, and the two crafts drifted side by side. Our captain then gave the sigual, aud five of us made a rush over the ship's rail- In doing so we were exposed to the sailor's fire, and he shot the carpenter through the heart. He had time to tiro ouly once, however, but when the four of us piled onto him we fouud him almost our match. Had not help come I verily be lieve lie would have gained tho victory. IJc seemed endowed with the strength of a giant, aud his fierceness was that of a wounded tiger. While he was being bound he got a sailor's finger between his sharp teeth and bit it clean off, and not one of us escaped without bruises. When we had finally secured our man we began tho work of clearing up tho mystery. Not a soul could we fiud aboard the ship, nor could we at first account for the absence of the crew. Theu one thing and auother was brought to light to tell us the horrible story. Sho had left Syd ney with fourtecu men. The fieud of a Portuguese had murdered each and every man by means of poison in the rum. He was the cook. A week out of port she had met with heavy weather and been obliged to lie to and ride it out. This was how she came to have everything snug alof. It was while she was riding out the gale that the captain had some trouble with the cook. Just what it was no one but the Portuguese knew. He claimed to have been brutally assaulted without cause, and to revenge himself he poisoned a demijohn of rum kept for the captain's use. Some of this rum he claimed, was afterwards served out to all hands without his knowledge aud the entire crew were thus killed off. What the real facts were could never be brought out. As we fouud no blood or other evideuces of murder in tho or dinary way, wo had to accept the sailor's statement about the poison. lie had dragged every dead man on deck and thrown him over, and when the gale ceased tho ship had taken her own way to come about and go driving off. The villain had no idea as to where she would bring up, and he didn't care so long as he was not overhauled. After a great deal of hard work we got both crafts to Cape Town, and there the wholesale murderer was turned over for trial. He told the story of the poison ing as coolly as you please, and I shall never forget his statement of what fol lowed after the liquor was served out. "Captain he fall down and cry out and die!" explained the fiend. "Then the mate ho roll over anil scream and go dead. Then the sailors call to God to save 'em, but all go dead ia one-hail hour!" "Then what?" was asked. "Then I laugh ha! hat hat and throw 'cm all overboard! Some sink and somo 112 float away!" I was present when ho was executed. During all his trial and imprisonment ho never expressed tho slightest regret for his awful crime. There was a demsnd that ho be hung alive in chains, but cf courso nothing of the sort could be legal ly dono. Ho walked to the gal low's with smiling face, bowed to tho crowd gathered to see him die and shouted so that all could hear: "I kill seventeen men, and you kill only one—ha I ha! ha!"— M. Quad, in Neio York World. The Engrlo as an Emblem. In ancient mythology the eagle was believed to carry the souls of the dying to their abode on Mount Olympus, and was called the Bird of Jove. Tho eagle wuv first taken as a symbol of royal power by tho ancient Etruscans, who boro its imago upon their standard. In the year 87 B. C., a silver eagle, with expanded wings, poised on tho top of a s|>ear, with a thunderbolt held in its claws, was adopted as the military stand ard to bo borne at tho head of their legions by the Romans. At tho time of Hadrian a golden eaglo was substituted for the silver one. A two-headed eagle was adopted by tho Byzantine emperors as a symbol of their control of both the east and the west. The double-headed eagle of Russia was adopted on the mar riage of Ivan I. with a Grecian princess of tho eastern empire; that of Austria was first used when the Emperor of Ger many took the title of Roman emperor. Tho national standard of Russia l>ears a black eagle, that of Poland a white one. Napoleon I. took a golden eagle for his standard, model of pure gold, and bear ing a thunderbolt, after the pattern of the eagle of tho Romans. This standard was disused under the Bourbons, but was restored by u decree of Louis Na poleon In 1852. The eagle was first used on American coins in 1788, on cents and half cents issued from the Massachusetts mint. It was adopted in the plan of a national coinago as a design upon all gold coins and on tho silver dollar, half dollar and quarter. The design of the eagle was at one time suggested for the national flag, but was abandoned.—De troit Free Presn. AH Electrical Voting Machine. Jn the "Braissorie Flamaude" at Brus sels there is exhibited an election ma chine, invented by M. Moreau, a Belgian engineer. The remarkable apparatus looks like a grand piano. In place of the keyboard there are two rows of but tons, similar to those used for electric doorbells. If au elector wishes to vote, all he has to do is to press one of the buttons. Above tho buttons the names of the candidates are s ion, for cich but ton one name. As there are many elec tors, especially in Belgium, who cannot read, Mr. Moreau has constructed his ma chine in such way that a photograph (picture) can eventually appear along with the names of the candidates. Below the button rows a box is found contain ing the electrical numbering or counting miichine. Every button registers the names by ones, tens, hundreds mid thousands. The electrical current is un der tho box. As soon as tho elector steps oil tho platform, which is part of the ap paratus, the electrical current begins to play. Against fraud and repeating the inventor lias also guarded in making it impossible for one elector to press twice at the same button without tho intermis sion of several seconds. To vote again he must step from the platform, then wait a few seconds, after which pause ho again can ascend it if tho officers al low it. The secrecy of the ballot is guarded by a screen which shields the whole apparatus. After election time is over the box is taken out of the machine and tho result is found as the votes were already (added) counted by the machine. —New York Recorder. Ills Secret of Longevity. A Hutheniau, 124 years old, is living in the town of Belgorod, Russia. His name is Bogdan Nitehinorenko. Ho is still hale and hearty, only his hearing is somewhat impaired. He ascribes his old ago to his mauncr of living. At the age of twenty-live ho became ill, and asthero were 110 physicians in tho neighborhood, a Tartar practitioner, or "wise man," was engaged to cure him. For three weeks he was under the Znakhar's treat ment until his health was restored. Part iii£ from him the Znakhar told him that if he wished to live long he must never eat any old or stale food. For fear lest he fall sick again, NitcMnorenko ob served this rule scrupulously. Ho ato nothing but spring fowl, veal or lamb, and never touched a piece of meat of au old animal. Even garden fruit ho ate only when it was quite young and fresh; he never touched canned or pickled food of any kind.— Picayune. Catching 1 a Nebula. Tho recent improvement in photog raphy aud its uso in astronomy has proved most valuable to the study of that science. A dry plate can be ex posed for a suitable length of time in the telescope, and the image thus obtained will contain the details of a nebula, even where tho amount of woulu be inu>erceptible to the naked ey&, thus producing an image far more useful and accurate than could be obtained by u drawing.— Philadelphia Record. Terms—Sl.2s in Advance; $1.50 after Three Months SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL. Paris is soon to be lighted, as to its Streets, almost entirely by electricity. A cubic foot of aluminum weighs 157 pounds. A cubic foot of copper weighs 658 pounds. Tho most recent steel rails have a higher percentage of carbon and the steel produced is harder. Somo remarkable experiments in talk ing with monkeys by aid of a phono graph are made public. At Wilkesbarre, Penn., the electric lights and long days have reduced the price of gas from SI.BO to $1.60 per thousand. Pennsylvania makes fifty-two out of every 100 tons of rolled iron in the United States,aud sixty-nino out of every 100 tons of steel rails. Professor Gardner has decided togo to Africa to engage iu the uueougenial but scientific study of the language of monkeys in their native state. In tho Island of Cuba great progress has been made in establishing electric light plants. This is notably the case in Havana, where the central station has a capacity of 6000 lights. A military force on the march soems to suffer less from what is popularly known as sun-stroke than civilians walk ing our crowded streets or engaged iu mercantile and mechanical pursuits. Some plants appear to be able to grow and develop in total darkness. A com mittee of the Royal Horticultural Society has been told of hyacinths that developed colored flowers, although prevented by some accident from couiiug above the ground. One of the London street car compan ies has in use au automatic "starter." Two powerful spiral springs, fastened to the front nxle, are wound up through being applied to tho car's stoppage, so that when it is desired togo on again they are capable of starting it. Tho great Ilotnostake Mine nt Lead City, South Dakota, uses powder to blast the oro. When the ore Is crushed, it is then stamped into powder and washed over a quicksilver plate to catch the gold. More than 1500 men are em ployed, with a pay roll of SIOO,OOO a month. The Chinese Government, is about to begin the manufacture of ste< i, and blast furnaces on the Clevoland pri.""ipal, ca pable of turning out 100 tons per day, are being erected at Han-Kow. Besse mer and Siemens-Martin plant, bar rolling mills, etc., will also be put up at the same place. A pneumatic chisel has been intro duced into u stone-cutting establishment iu Germany. It resembles iu appearance a syringe, which the operator holds with both hands, aud as ho lets it slide over the surface of the stone or metal tho chisel chips off splinters and particles. Compressed air, acting ou a piston, im parts a rotation of from 10,000 to 12,000 revolutions a minute. An ingenious apparatus has been intro duced to prevent the wheels of electric and other street cars from slipping. It consists of a revolving brush connected with the forward axle by a belt. As the axl; revolves it sets the brushes in mo tion, clearing a path for the wheels. There is also operated in connection with the device a box which allows the escape of a sufficient amouut of eaml or salt without the slightest waste. Sajtfliorners Excel in Horsemanship. The Southerner has been in the saddle constantly for many generations, and to day boys and girls alike ride the colts iu pasture, with ouly a stick to guide them. Iu the North these conditions and habits ceased long ago. Riding is a mere fash ion of very recent origin, though It has acquired such an impetus that it may havo come to stay. The Southern seat is practically tho same as the true military seat; and ex cept that the bridle hand is wont to be held a trifle too high, which is u habit caught from the high pommel or roll of blankets or other baggage in front of tho soldier, this seat, when uot exaggerated, is, all things considered, the best for road-riding, and perhaps would enable a man to do a greater number of things in the saddle than any other one stylo. Aud though the English pigskin is perhaps a neater and more available rig, the South erner is, in gaits aud style and knowledge of road work, by far the best model for us to copy, as his saddle-beast is the best for us to buy.— Harj>er'a Magazine. Across the Arctic ut Two Miles a Day. As we have seen, the objects from tho "Jeannetto" drifted in three years from the New Siberian Islands to the west coast of Greenland. If wo assume that they required ono year for the drift southward from latitude eighty degrees north, on the east coast of Greenland, only two years remain for the rest of the journey, aud this requires a speed of no more than two nautical miles in every twenty-four hours. This does not seem too high a rate when we remember that the "Jeanctte" drifted at tho same speed during the last half year of her drifting, and that in the last days beforo she sank she drifted at a much higher speiil, which sometimes reached even eight nautical miles every twenty-four hours. It cannot therefore be considered prob able that we should reach op .n water on this side of the Pole within two years after our start from the Siberian side; and if we take provisions for five years we may consider that we have au umplo margin.— i'vru ut. NO. 49. AT THE BEND OF THE ROAD. At the bond of the road you waved your band, A token and sign of a last ndicu, And tbe twilight fell on a lonely land, •> And ovor my soul a sorrow now*. And you turnod into the world from mo Who watched you with eyes whoso hot. tears flowed. The cruel world which I could not boo That jußt beglus at the beild of the road. And a trouble dropped on tho silent land With the darkness unstayed by a moon or star, For my hope and my love, aud tho light hand in hand. Followed you into the futuro afar, Followed you fain as the heart that sont, Tho heart that lingered beneath its load As Into the great, wide world youxwent, The world that begins at the eud ,of tho road. To-night at the bend of tho road I stand • * And a year has flown and many a day, And the twilight falls on a lonely land. For my love and tho light of my hope delay, I hoar the far sound of forgetful strife, And a fear forlorn doth my soul forbode. What hast thou done with my lovar, my life, O, world that bourns at tho bead of tho road! —A. W. Bellaw,in Detroit Free Press. HUMOR OP THE DAY. The bod of the riviv should be covered with winding .sheets.— Life. The mercury enjoy a sunny climb now-a-days.— Binghamton Republican. Every dog has liia day, but it is a mean cur that will bark at night.— Life. Good laws aro of little avail when bad men arc depended upon to enforce them. Terns Siftinqs. Gummcy—"Hunting is right in the swim." Gargoyle—"Yes; aud he finds it difficult to keep his head abovo wa ter."—Judge. "Well, Ilardup, did you succeed in raising anything ou your promise to pay?" "Wi, yes; I raised a smile."— Baltimore American. Oh, yes; there is a skeleton in the closet in every family, but it is so com mon a thing that we make no bones of it.— Boston Trani'-ript. "There arc some unpleasant, features in this business," muttered tho photo grapher as he surveyed a row of his pa trons.—Baltimore American. Sarcastic yell after a dude in loud plaid trousers: "Say, get them chloro formed quick, or dey'll ring out the paytubl."— Phila Llphia Record. "Please give me a glass of soda water without any suds on it,"was the order a small boy gave at a local drug store the other day.— Binghamton Leader. "When I marry," explained the lieu tenant, "my wife must have sufficient dowry for me to support her both in style aud comfort."— Fliegende Blaeiter. "Chicago? Chicago? Oh, yes; that's the name of a place ou the Illinois Cen tral Railroad/' "Indeed! Which side of the track is it on?" Detroit Free Press. Justice—"What's the charge against this prisoner?" Officer O'Fagati—"Dis savin' ther perlace, yer honor. He put tlier sound soide av his apples on the: outsoide."— Yale Record. "That b'y av moine 'll make h:s mark in the wurruld," said an Irishman. "He will that same," replied his neighbor, "if it's only by puttie' 'is fut in the mud."— Washington Post. The tuft-hunting American young woman of fortune, when she reaches the other side of the water, exclaims, in the language of the turf: "Put up your | dukes."— Boston '1 ranscript. In Australia they use eggs for cur rency. When the Government wants to work up a strong money market it sim ply fails to redeem its circulation for a few weeks.— Dansville Breeze. The most trying circumstances under which a boy can be is when another boy is in the alley winking at him and his father is ollering him a nickel to carry in a pile of wood.— 7'uxas Hif'tings. Briton—"lf you arj such a rampant American, I should think you would re main where Americans are most appre ciated."AAmerica"ln —"I do—in London aud Paris."— Kate Field's Washington. A Chicago man has invcutel an eletric drill with which he proposes to bore a hole to the center of the earth. Maybe he will decide to bore clear through tho earth, and make a whistle of it.—New York Sun. Lady (to tramp)—"This is the third time you have called here to-day." Tramp—"lt is true, madam; but lam sure you wouldn't want a inau to get along with any less than three meals a day."— Cape Cod Item. Attorney (to witness) —"What is your age, sir?" Old Beau—"What has that to do with the case?" "I insist upon an answer." (After a pause) "I was just five years old at the breaking out of the war." "What war?'' (With extreme reluctance) "The Blackhawk war."— Chicago TrUnine. "What wonderful progress the science of optics has made in the past teu years I The difficult complaints, astigmatism, myopia, hyperopia, erinetropia and oth ers, have been found." "There is one thing I can't understand." "What's that?" "How they found out their names?"— Jemltrt? CircuUir.