BELLS. AN INTERESTING STORY ABOUT THEIR MANUFACTURE. The Highest llclls in the World— The Monster Czar Kolokol of Moscow—The Huge Bells of China and Japan. Russia leads the world iu the making of chimes, peals and church bells. Iu the city of Moscow alone, before the French lievolution, there were several hundred large bells, and many splendid ones have been added since. The simple fact that Russians regard the sound of bells not only as a holy summons to church, but also as a part of the very act of worship, accounts for their love of bells and their extravagance in procuring them. The Kussians never tire of ring ing their bells, and in Moscow the sounds which are produced on the Sabbath,with- ! out regard to harmony, are absolutely painful. The "Great Belle of Moscow," or "Czar Kolokol" (emperor of bells) is by far the largest in the world. Its weight is about. 440,000 pounds, and its cost in I simple structural material was about I 8300,000. To this were added precious i jewels and plate amounting in value to 81,000,000 by the Russian nobles at the time of the casting. The dimensions of this bell arc twenty-one feet in height and j twenty-two feet in diameter. It was cast J by order of the Empress Anne in 1734 ' from the metal of a gigantic predecessor, which had been greatly damaged, and is ornamented ou the sides by several lig- | iires, one of which represents the Em press iu flowing robes. The bell was ordinarily suspended from beams, which, | being destroyed by fire in 1734, permitted the heated bell to fall to the ground and break, since which time it has been dumb. The Emperor Nicholas had it raised in 1837 and placed upon a low circular wall in the Kremlin. It is now consecrated as a chapel, the opening in its side being large enough to admit two men standing abreast. The bell is care fully guarded, and the Russians will not allow a particle of it to be carried away. The cathedral of Moscow has another monstrous bell weighing 120,000 pounds. J It is suspended in the tower of Ivan [ Veliki, and when it is rung, three times ! a year, all the other bells are silent. The ' ringing is said to produce a trembling ellect throughout the city. In the same, tower are forty other bells, each of which weighs many tons. The bells of i Russia are fixed, immovable, to their j beams. Their tongues are slung by means of leather bands, and are moved ; by ropes drawn in such a manner as to cause the blows to fall on the surface at three points directly opposite to each other. The bells of China rank next in size to those of Russia. In many parts of China ' can be seen enormous bells lying on the ground, their weight having broken i down the towers in which they were sus pended. The bells are of excellent workmanship and are adorned with in scriptions inside and outside. They are of inferior tone, however, and not of a | good shape. Thedulness of their sound j is increased by the fact that they are struck with wooden mallets instead of iron clappers. The great bell of China, iu Pekin, weighs 120,000 pounds. It is fourteen feet high and twelve inches in i diameter. In Nankin there is a bell, I now lying on the ground, which weighs 50,000 pounds. In Japan there are many large bells. They are of the same shape and composi tion as those in China, and are by no means musical. They are suspended in low towers near the temples, and are i sounded by means of wooden beams j swinging from the roofs, to which straw I ropes are attached. The bells of Holland i and the neighboring countries come next ' iu point of size. They are hung about J every church and public building in end- j less variety, and as the people are exceed- j ingly fond of the tone of bells, they are j never left at rest. In some cases a single ' tower contains not less than fifty bells. Here is a partial list of the biggest | bells in other countries: In Vienna and j Olmutz there arc two bells weighing each j 10,000 pounds. A bell in Rouen, France, weighs 36,000 pounds. The I largest bell in Westminster, England, weighs 30,000 pounds; one in Erfurt, Germany, the same weight ; one in Notre. Dame Cathedral, Paris, 30,000; one in j St. Peter's, Rome, 17,000; the "Great j Tom" at Oxford, 17,000; one at Renues, ; France, 10,000; the Jacqueline, Paris, I cast in A. I). 1400, 15,000; the "Great j Tom" of Lincoln, Eng., 12,000; and the i bell of St. Paul's, London, 11,500. The j weight of the bells in the United States i falls considerably below these figures, al though in tone they are, perhaps, better, j The composition of bells has been 1 about the same in all ages, namely cop per and tin, the proportions alone being j different. And the experience of ages has shown that those arc the only capable metals of producing a proper ringing alloy. Iron and steel and sometimes gold and silver have been put into the compo sition of bells as an experiment, but solely to the injury of the tone. Iron and steel have been found the least suitable, owing to the harsh, disagreeable sounds which they alone are capable of producing, while silver and gold, incapable of pro ducing the full, clear tones requisite in a bell. People talk of the 'silver tinkling of a bell.' Now A the fact is that if a bell were made of silver there would be very little tinkling. The tone of a bell is the result of its vibrations. When struck a bell changes shape, and these changes constitute the vibrations. At one moment a bell is an oval, with its longest diameter at exactly right angles to the position of its longest diameter at the preceding instant. The number of vibrations in a bell in a given time varies directly as the square of thick ness, and inversely as the bell's diameter, or as the cube root of its weight. The number of changes which can be played upon a chime of bells is wonderful. I Twelve bells w r ill allow no less than 479,- 091,600 changes.— New York Commer cial Advertiser. Men and Things in Liberia. Henry W. Grimes, ex-Attorney-Gen- I eral, of Liberia, Africa, arrived in New | York city recently, from that youug republic. He is a bright young colored man, a West Indian by birth, and is full j of information about his adopted country, to which he is warmly attached. But while enthusiastic about its future Mr. Grimes does not hesitate to point out de fects in the Liberian Government when he finds them. "The country is advanc ing steadily," he remarked, in discussing its affairs, but the people are ahead of the Government. Our Government, as you are perhaps aware, it modeled after that of the United States, only we elect a President every two years instead of four. This is too often. The Government is hampered also from the lack of good, able ineu as public officials. The salaries are small, and men of ability prefer to engage in other pursuits that are more lucrative. But all this will be remedied in time, of course. "The country is improving rapidly in agriculture. Over 1,000,000 pounds of coffee was exported from our county, Montserrade, last year. Our exports of i ginger, arrowroot, etc., arc increasing rapidly. We need better means of trans portation, though, very much. The roads are poor and there are no railroads whatever. Nearly all transportation is by water, and this is slow, toilsome and expensive. There is a fine field for Amer ican enterprise. Concessions for railroads j could be obtained, and legitimate invest ments would find good returns. There are no revolutions to be feared. The people are peaceable and law-abiding." In answer to a question about the pro gress of Christianity, Mr. Grimes replied: "It is not gaining ground as rapidly as 1 should like to see it. The Mahometan j missionary is more successful. He comes | into a village with perhaps nothing but a I mat. On this he sits and instructs people that there is one God and Mahomet is His prophet. "The climate is healthful, the tempera - j ture ranging between seventy and eighty j degrees, seldom over ninety degrees.— I New York Tribune. Tanned Walrus Hide. A busy shop of the lower part of the town displays hanging from its door post | a full walrus hide. It is tanned to a j color of a light dirt brown and in the in ! equalities and furrows of its surface somewhat resembles alligator skin. To an inquiry or two a young gentleman re sponded : "That walrus hide is hanging there waiting to be cut up into pie ces. Jewelry j manufacturers use it for polishing. You ' know the scheme of an emery wheel? | Well, the hide is cut into circular , shapes and used in just the same I way. These circles are cut of j every size as the manufacturing people j order. The wheels, as completed, are I often of three or four thicknesses of material. But that, of course, depends ) on the thickness of the hide itself, which | runs from an eighth to a third of an j inch. The hide is sold by weight. : That piece hanging outside is worth $75, i the price being §2.50 a pound. Is the J walrus hide wheel always used | for the polishing of jewelry, do you say? Well, yes, if the manu facturer knows when he is well off. But not for the finest work jor the final polishing. The felt wheel I comes in then. For the ordinary polish -1 ing, however, walrus hide is certainly I the best. The objection to it is the ex ; pense. The manufacturer can use leather which will cost him one-tenth as much, i But the leather will wear out much quicker, it won't do such good work, the I workman must spend a great deal longer time in polishing to produce any | thing like the same results. So in the long run walrus hide is nearly as i cheap after all.— New York Mail and Ex prcm. An English syndicate is now trying to gobble up our dry goods trade. Grant was the yousgest President at his first inauguration. [ CURIOUS FACTS. Cornell University has no holidays bul Sundays. New York law still permits imprison, ment for debt. Desertion from the army or navy-is not an extraditable offence. Bull fighting is getting a foothold among French amusements. Swallows are being trained in France to act as carriers of dispatches in case ol war. An Englishman of letters wears con stantly round his neck a portion of Shel ley's charred skull. Dartmouth is credited with publishing the first college paper, Yale the second, and Union the third. James Horner, the wealthy Pittsbuq manufacturer, has a remarkable collection of cacti. One plant in his collection is valued at §SOO. Charles F. Pfluger has just arrived in this country from the Hartz Mountains, Germany, with 1000 singing birds,which are to be turned loose in Portland, Ore gon, and vicinity. The largest university in the world is at Vienna, with 5200 students and 285 professors; while the largest college is at Cairo, Egypt, having 300 professors and 10,000 students of Mohamet. The Burmese believe that the ruby ripens like fruit. They say that a ruby in its crude state is colorless and as it grows older turns yellow, then green, then blue, and lastly, a brilliant red. There is no national bank in Switzer land, but there are thirty-three chartered banks. The Government has a system of loaning money to the people at inter est, the details of which we do not know. From tlu; Egyptiau manuscripts owned by the Austrian Archduke Rainer it ap pears that printing with movable types was practiced in Egypt in the ninth cen tury of our era, and that a paper factory existed in Bagdad as early as 794. Bnrthokli, who modeled the celebrated statue which bears his name, also created the wonderful fountain in the Botanical Gardens at Washington. It is so large and requires such an enormous quantity of water that the authorities permit it to play only on rare occasions. Mine. Euplirosyne Leblane, who has just celebrated her centennial birthday in Nova Scotia, has had 11 children, 105 grandchildren, 222 great-grandchildren and 19 great-great-grandchildren. Most of them are living. She claims direct de scent from Longfellow's liene Blanc. The Sultan of Turkey mantains '174 carriages which incur an expense of 2,300,000 francs a year. Most of these carriages are of French make. A few made in Turkey show cleverness in con struction. The Sultan personally has use for only about four of the vehicles referred to. The Salvation Army lias a new method of advertising itself in Paris. An open carriage is daily hired and in it are placed four of the most conspicuous members of the con-fraternity—a North American Indian, a Chinaman, an Egyp tian and a Persian. These are driven wherever the crowd is greatest. The most remarkable roof in Danbury, Conn., or perhaps in that State, covers a greenhouse at the nursery of J. H. Ives. It is composed of negatives from the pho tograph galleries of E. R. Ritton. 3lr. Ritton had at one time 20,000 of these negatives, the accumulation of the long years he has been in the business. Many years ago while a circus was showing in Gorham. lie., the clown, whose name was Reynolds, was thrown from a horse and killed. He was buried in the Gorham cemetery, and it is said that since that time, whenever a circus has visited the town it has been made the custom for the company to visit the clown's grave and strew flowers on it, while the band plays a dirge. Watch Screws. It is asserted that the smallest screws in the world are those used in the pro duction of watches. Thus, the fourth jewel wheel screw is the next thing to be invisible, and to the naked eye it looks like dust; with a glass, however, it is seen to be a small screw, with 200 threads to the inch, and with a very fine glass the threads may be seen quite clearly. These minute screws are 4-1000 th of an inch in diameter, and the heads are double; it is also estimated that an ordinary lady's thimble would hold 100.000 of these screws. No attempt is over made to count them, the method pursued in de termining the number being to place 100 of them on a very delicate balance, and the number of the whole amount is de termined by the weight of these. After being < ut the screws are hardened and putin frames, about 100 to the frame, heads up, this being done very rapidly by sense of touch instead of by sight,and the heads are then polished in an auto matic machine, 10,000 at a time. The plate on which the polishing is performed is covered with oil and a grinding com pound. and on this the machine moves them rapidly by reversing motion. Northern Hemp Cnltnre. The subject of hemp culture is draw ing the serious attention of fanners in the Northern States. At present hemp 'is chiefly grown in Kentucky, Missouri and Tennessee, or on the rich bottom lands. Recent occurrences in the jute; bag trade have drawn attention to tin culture of our native product, lltmp will make a cord for binding grain quite strong enough, and hempen bagging will cover cotton hales as well as that made from jute. The culture of hemp and its manufacture into bagging and twine will be a double gain; we shall have the material and have the money formerly sent abroad for these materials. A few years ago the Dutch farmers of Eastern Pennsylvania grew the flax, which was spun and woven by their wives and daughters into grain bags, wagon covers wd domestic sheeting; and there are few more thrifty people than these same farmers. One of these coarse linen bags was good for twenty-five years' service without repair, which is ten times that of the flimsy gunny cloth and cotton bags now in use. It is to be hoped that the culture of hemp, and its manufacture, 'iiay be largely increased.— New Yor\ Times. Kdible Menu Cards. The latest thing in hotel bills of fare is an edible menu card. You select the dishes you want, and then while waiting for them you amuse yourself by leisurely sating up the bill of fare, it acting as in appetizer. It is the scheme of a London confectioner, lie makes a thin sheet of sweetened dough, and after it has been baked he prints the menu upon it in ink made of chocolate. It hasn't jot over here yet, but it will by and oy.— St. Ijoubs Globe-Democrat. Currency in a Cnr. A dog, owned by Peter Flynn, of Red Hook, N. Y., recently chewed up and swallowed a $2 bill. As the dog had uo commercial value, he was killed, and the fragments of the bill, including the piece which bore the number, were re covered. The remains of the dog were buried, and the remains of the bill were forwarded to the Treasury Department nt. Wash ngton. A new bill was duly re turned to Flynn.— New Yvrl Herald. What wrought the change? This woman's face Is ruddy with a rose's grace. Her eye is bright. Her heart is light. \l>, truly 'tis a goodly sivht. A few brief months ugo her cheek Was pallid and her Htep weak. "The end is near For her, 1 fear," Sighed many a l'rieud who held her dear. I can tell you what \vroueht the change in her. She was told by a friend, who, like her, had suffered untold misery from a complica tion of female troubles, that Dr. l'ierce's Fa vorite Prescription would certainly cure her. This friend "knew whereof she spoke," for sin had been cured by the remedy she advised her friend to use. She is enthusiastic in its praise, and tells her friends that Dr. Pierce de-erves the universal gratitude of woman-kind for having given it this infallible remedy for its peculiar ailments. It is < juaranteed to give gat . : ion in ever> case or money r< funded. Dr. Pierce's Pellets, one a dose. Cure head ache, constipation and indigestion. It is sfcjd that profanity is never heard in Japan. I Ever si V »- l*'»t t ln-iv havi* l>cen women tmore. each year ) who claim that there is no soap half as good, or as economical as DoDbins's Electric. There must be some truth in their claim. Try it, see how much. Your grocer has it. THE Dominion of Canada has a population of 5,250,000. This is the age of wonders, and the average American citizen is no longer surprised at any thing. If you want to experience that sensa tion, however, just write to B. F. Johnson & Co., lOW Main St.. Richmond, Va., and hear what they have got to say of the success of some of their agents. They have got the goods that sell, and any one out of employment will consult their own interests by applying to them. A pocket match-safe free to smokers of TansiU's Punch" sc. Cigar. Jf afflicted with sore eyes use Dr. Isaac Thcra;» eon's Eye-water. Druggists sell at 25c.perbettl- Weak and Weary Describes the condition of many people debilitated by the warm weather, by disease, or overwork. Hood's Sarsaparilla is Just the medicine needed to overcome that tired feeling, to purify and quicken the sluggish blood and restore the lost appetite. If you need a goml medicine be sure to try Hood's Saraaparilla. "My appetite was poor, I could not sleep, had head ache a great deal, pains in my back, my bowels did not move regularly. Hood's Sarsaparilla in a short time did me so much good that I feel like a new man. My pains and aches are relieved, my appetite inproved."— OEOßOF. F. JACKSON, Roxbury Statluu, Conn. Hood's Sarsaparilla Sold by all druggists. s\: six for Prepared only by C. I. HOOD & CO., Apothecaries, Lowell, Mass. 100 Ooses One Dollar Pan UO Doyou want tobuy or sell t I lync I" A K M \ I* so send stamp for circ'l'r to LWIillO I nifilTlU Curtis »£ Briffett , 'Jit 3 Broadway, N. . 525 HOUR >1 KI)H AI, CO.. Richmond. Va. § JONES HE PAYS THE FREICHT. .'Ton W Htfon Scalr., Imn I.rvers sterf Be.-irinics. Tan: RcAm ajut Own Bo* (or BQO. f.TCi-y .1 in Seal*. For fl*«pr.v«flit mention thi» paper and addrrsp JONES OF BINGHAMTON, BINGHAMTON, N. Y. To clean tombstones. To renew oil-cloth. To renovate paint. To brighten metals. To polish knives. To scrub floors. To wash out sinks. To scour bath-tubs. To whiten marble. To clean dishes. To scour kettles. To remove rust. EVERYBODY USES IT. EVERY ONE FINDS A NEW USE. Dentists to clonn false teeth. Engineers to clean parts of machines. Housemaids to scrub the marblo floors. Burgeons to polish their instruments. Ministers to renovate old chapels. Chemists to remove some stains. Confectioners to scour their pans. Sextons to clean the tombstones. Carvers to sharpen their knives. Mechanics to brighten their tools. Hostlers on brasses and white horses. Shrewd ones to scour old straw hats, Painters to clean off surfaces. Soldiers to brighten their arms. Artists to cloan their palettes. Cooks to clean the kitchen sink. Wheelmen to clean bicycles. Renovators to clean carpets. USE MACOM OIL A. T IST - AT Dnl'aflisrc AND THE CHARLE* A. VOGEIER 60.. •■Hintort. M«. A VlllUablß Tt-tentise oil thfo OPIUM HABIT. full Information of an Easy and Speedy cure free to the afflicted. DR. .I.e. HOFFMAN,JefTerson, Wisconsin. NORTHERN PACIFIC. II LOW PRICE RAILROAD LANDS t FREE Government LANDS. MILLIONS of ACRES of ««#oh in MinnonoU, North Dakota. Montana. Idaho, Washtnxtoti urtd Ofnpfcn- CCUn COR PUi'lira lion* with Maps describing the wCIIU r Uli |te»i Akt. cultural. Grazing ai d Tims ber Lands now open t > Settler®. Sent free. Address PftltC D I iliQflDM Land Commissioner. unAdi P« LAMPUIIHt wi. Paul, Minn. nSB SUM andWhtikcyH»V BB U1 CJ H Mj Iti cured »t horn* with B Kg H B M IH ontpaln. Book of oar §l US B ivl tlcnla " ,ent FKKE. H|f Ml .11 I Mill 111! B. M.WOOLLET. M.D. Atlanta. Oml QgOQ HW6 WUUtall flt. # DUTCH ER'S FLY KILLER Makes a clean sweep. Every 1 felieet will kill a quart of flies, stops buzzing around ears, diving at eyes, tickling your nose, skips hard words and se cures peace at trifling expense. Send cent a for Si sheets to V. DUTCHEK, St. Albans, Yt. AGENTS wanted. 81 an hour. fiOnew varieties. Cata logue and sample free. C»E.Marshali,i.oekport,N.Y PEERLESS ITES Sou> ftDn: : im. DR. KOEII IjKR*S FAVORITE COLIC jtlfXTCltE Sv for all domestic animals, will cure out of every 100 cases of colic, whether flat / ' uleut or spasmodic. Barelymore thou lor 2 doses necessary. It does not con /\'M - Mipate, latbir acts as a laxative and is entirely harmless-. After 20 years of trial / 1 "icie than JtU) cases, tau* guarantee is worth something. Colic inust he irented preniptly. Expend aft w cents and you have a cure cu baud, ready 112 ** hen needed, and peihaj r pave a valuable hcrse. If not at your druggist s, eu -1 i n M* flu tiits ii.r tan. pie l ottle, M nt prepaid. TffilawßrTriWr Address DK. KOFIILEIt A CO.. lfclhlehein. Pn. \ ] vrr /»• Koehler't "hirente Colic 1 We cheerfully recommend Dr. Koehler * \ X itetvre" right along with tuu eta. It i* \ **favorite Colic Mixture." Would not be \X JS t Me beit colic medicine I hove erer teen. I without it as long as we I,ave horses. ISAAC MOOO. Horse Dealer, ISAAC MOSF.S d-BRO., Brooklyn* • Vr "" fork. | Sale and Exchanw i u.-tott, fa. JOSEPH H. HUNTER, EllgS m ■ ■ni ■ ML. ■ W. 1,. DOUGLAS' uameand the price arc stamped » £l K D M ■ lon the l>ottom of all Shoes advertised by him before Wa mm ftSi 54 Kf Q fflfl M BTHf leaving his factory; this protects the wearers against tHfc m IVII liitfli prices and inferior good*. If your dealer does not keep the style or kind you want.or oflers >ou shoes without \V. 1,. DOUGLAS* name and price stamped on them, and says they are Just an good, do not be deceived thereby, but send direct to the Factory, for you can get what you want by return mall, |K>stag<* paid. Dealers make more profit on u lknown shoes that are not warranted bv anybody, therefore do not bo Induced to buy shoes that have no r -jr.nation. Buy only those that have AV. L. DO! (ILAS name and price stamped on the bottom and you are suro to get full rulue for your money. Thousands of dollars are saved annually In this country by the wearers of W. L. DOUGLAS' SHOES. In order ing by mail state whether you want Congress, Button or Lace, London cap toe, plain French toe, or nar row cap toe, and be sure to give size and width you wear. I can fit any foot that is not deformed, as my shoes are made In a great variety of widths, aires and half sizes. I guarantee a fit, prompt delivery and perfect satisfaction or money refunded upon return of the shoes in good condition. \V. L. DO lli L Brockton, Mit**. 1 W. L. DOUGLAS £& \ cq CIIAT? f or V QO OilUlli GENTLEMEN Oak Leather bottoms. They are made in Congress, HmgmP , mfSSw Button and Lace on London Cap Toe. Narrow Cap Toe and Plain French Toe Lasts, in sizes from .» to SI 11, including half sizes and in all widths. If you I have been paying from # r for shocks of Ins Our claims for this shoe over all other $3 shoes ad- JclV '< l°n'ore stylish' liftiiT llttinc and durable. sth. It flavcß more monpy for the connunier. 6th. It Is so/d by more dealers throtiKhout the U.S. Sth. It cauuot be duplicated by auy other manu jjP" J ' 9lh - " ls th •;| V Cll OL 1 FOR POLICEMEN, Railroad Mm and Letter Carriers all wer.r them ?N>. *)U nfl IJ Hi Smooth inside as a Hand-Sewed Shi e. No Tucks i.r V\ i!.\ Ihnad to hurt the frc 50 SHOE T (, | NEXrELLEI> FOR HEAVY WEAR. Rest Calf Shoe for Cik> »"t < 'HAH AM, MP gßm MVMStrlstara. m AmStfrdain, N. Y. H gffeaiTw** !We have soltf many years, ano u «■ wgSUnUuM&uti driven the best of batta « Sold by Urtggtff* 0 CHICHESTER'S ENGLISH PENNYROYAL PILLS. Hod Cross ViaDUm! Brand. The only reliable will for *tle Raf© an»< ■■re. Ladles* ask Dragglst tat 'M Ma* ■tend Brand, in red metallic boxe*. «**•<* with blue ribbon. Take no jjj Ladlri," in lrtier, by mall. CklckuUr CksMUsl C«. ( HsJiwu e I'hilaJa, la. lUHAdb ■HBUBBBBBSHK Ah applied at the Holland Medical and Cancer Institute, IlufTnl'),N. % , removes Cancer without pain or use of knife. Soofra of patient* speak in unqualified terms of praise of the Huoces* of thin treatment. Write for circular. HOIiIiAXI) »IKIIIt'IXECO., Buffalo. W. * B«r LATEST IMPROVED HORSE POWER Machines for THRESJII.NIi ACXEANINCj rain, also Machine* for SAWINCi^WOOD A ek EASY DRAFT. DURABILITY & QUANTITY OF WORK to "SSSS A. W. GRAY'S SONS, PATSHTKKB AKD Sole Mahufactuiuths. mnni.ETows hphixkb, VT. GOLD FOR 25 cts. K.ri'.frt handsome Cabinet, of Beautiful Ore Specimens from 20 different mines in Colorado. Address Rocky Mountain Specimen Co., Denver, Colo.