BEM
VOLUME .VII.
TINA COUNTY AGITATOR
j 3 pjjI3II,BED IMMIX IEDNESDAYIIOICMG BY
IN GELDEE & MITCHELL:
p. C. Vao 601dCr. I - . _ dna.
oiS OP SUBSCRIPTION INVARIABLY -IN ADVANCE.
;, rciption; (per yoar) _ $2,00:
RATES OE ADVERTISINO." -
IE% 1.1xE9 or MraioN OS 118 , mar, inar.,E4l:4ll.E
1:111UOLL111 os Wel
I $l,OO I $2.00 I $2,50 J $5,00 j $7,00 I $12.00
.:siaaresr. 1 2,00 . 1 2,00 1 4,00 1 8,03 1 12,00 ( 18,00
...... 115,00117,00 ff 2,00 pigiblico t oo
_ .
:it-o-1,00 I 45,001 00,00 100,00
swim iotiees'l6 cents per lipe; Editorial or
••• 115) cents per - : • '
TraELOCLIt edvestising Lon bo paid for In adrimiCi.
ricinitico Planks, Constable Blanks, Deeds, Judg•
..:ent Net s, Marriage Certificates, &c., on hand.
hook, lain and Fanny Job PrII
promptly and neatly executed,
William Al Stone.
Attorney and Gannet)lo,r at Law, first door above
Converse Oagood'e store, on Main street.
'0: Welleboro, Juno 22, 1870 y
Smith i. Merrick,
Attorneys Sc Counselors at Law. Intiurance,
flaunty and Pensioo Agency, Mee on Main
Street, Wellsboro Pa, opposite Union Block.
Jan. 1. 1870. • • W. K. Saud. " •
. c . 0 r.O. W. MISEIRIOIi.'
. 1..
Seele) Coates & Co.
,BANKERS, Knoa illo, Tioget, County'„, Pa.—
Mali° money on depOsit, discount notes,
and sell drafts on New York City. Collect
ions promptly mado.-\-Deo. 15, 1869-lye '
Juo. W. Adam .
Attorney ancl_Countselor at Law,Mansfield,Tioge.
county, Pa. Collections promptly attended
.f an. 1,,1870.
inc. I. Mitchell,
Attorney au4 Counselor at Law, Claim, and In
!oracle° Agent. Office overlCreee' , Drug Store,
adjoining- Agitator'Office, 1 1 1ellsboro, Pa.
S3.11:1, 1870.
IV Ilson & Niles,
Attorneyb and Counselors at Law. Will attend
promptly to business entrifsted to their care iu
the counties of Tioga nod Potter. Office on
the Avenue. Tan. 1, 1870.
F. Wasorr.] [J. B. Nitts.
John W. Guokioley,
) Attorney and Counselor, at Law. Al! business
1 entru4ted to him will be promptly attended td.
io . tlin 2d door south of liaalett's Hotel, Tioga,
Tioga County, Pa.—Jan. 1, 1870. i
Win. B. *Smith,
ken: non, Bounty and 'lnsurance Agent. Com
1111.mb:winos sent to the above address will re
f , C.eiVO prompt attention. Terms. moderato,
-1 Knoxville,ta.—Jan. 1, IS7O.
• — --
ryinottr & Horton,
Attorneys tin Counselors at law, `flop P.L.
Ail business entrusted to their care will receive
i prompt attention.
C. 11. Sr,vltoutt. J. C: HORTON.
W. 1). Terbell & Co.,
Wholooalo Druggists, acid dealers in Wall Paper,
Kerosene, Lamps,. Witidow Nee, Perfumery,
i'aints, Oils, Scv., &o.—Corning, N.Y. Jun. 1 '7O.
D. Bacon", M. P.,
Physician and Surgeon. Will attend protnptly
to all calls. Office on Grafton Street, in rear 01
_the Meat Mrsltet, Wellsh, , ,ro.—Jan. I, 1810.
- •
A. ZI. Inglittut, 111. D.,
11-}inoaupathiA, (.)ffieo at his Residence on the
Avenuo.—Jan. 1, 1870.
George IVagner,
Lt lur. Shop tirdylour north.ol Roberts & Bail
ey's hardware Store. Cutting, Fitting aud Re
Pairing dono promptly and troll.—Jan. 1, 1370
R. E. Wiley,
Jaaler in Clocks and Jewelry, Silver and! Plited
Ware, Spectacles, Violin strings, &c. )Watch
es and Jewelry neatly repaired. Engraving
done in plain English and tiertnan.—Mansficld,
l'a.,•Jau. 1 2 870.
P troletuu - House,
ti'e+tticld, ;nO. CLose.; Propriewr. A new
Hotel conducted on the principle of Ilya and
iJt live, for the accommodation of the public.
Jan, 1, 1870.
Hotv,l, ;
County, Pt. a - Good stal?ling attach
and an attentive homier . altrity‘o in Litton.]
quekt. Uoo. W. Hazlett, Prop'r.—Jan. 1, 1970
11111's Hotel,
Wc.ittield Borough, Tioga Co., Pa. E. 0. ilin,
Proprietor. A new and commodious building
etth all the modern improvements. Within
easy drive of
,the best hunting arid
Grounds in Northern PaneO. Conveyances
turcriihed.• Terms modernte.—Jan. 1, 1870.
Hotel ►
tioga, E. M. Smith, Proprietor. Howe - 1D
gaud condition to accommodate the traveling
pchlic in a superior tuauner.—Jan. 1, 1870,
Fanners' flute!.
NION ROE, Proprietor'. 'this hews, furnserly
", , :upied by E. Fellows, is conducted on Wear
per • two principles. Every iccornmoptiori
tur tutu and boast. %argon reasonable.
March 30, 1870.-41.
Union Hotel.
m. 13 'Van bra; Proprietor, Wellsboro, Pa.
This house is pleasantly located, 'and has all
the conveniences for than and boast. Charges
model - sta b —May 4, 1870—/y. •
To the Citizens of Mansfted
ANA)
I
TAKE pleasuto io announci \ up,lo tho public
that I have on hand a largo and splendid as°.
r•ctment of
PARLOR AND COOK
ST 0 - V
1 4.4 4 S 5
LA uleful and Ornamental, Ihieh 1 am ..firing
to the public cheaper than over sold before. 'I
Rill ?ell a good No. 8 Cook Stove with Foititpre
r , .? na. I keep in stoelrP. P. Paekham's pop
ular Clek. This is said to behe best - Stoye
tunic in the United States. \ also keep tti°
R
.
Lightning X • Cut Saw - 7
•
the fastest cutting Saw in the world. • The unto
utieturers of this Saw challenge the world under
a forfeit of $5OO, that that this is the fattest cut
ting Barr made. •
my friends for their patronage in
the pit..t, and hot Ira atilt to merit their favor, I
Rtn as ever, grateful,
s —I 'elmllengo uno and all tit ti,e Stow
dctleti inthis• souoty to 5.611 nx cheap al I do
W. Jatvii4h, ntA ttxoepto.l. 11. K.
Nlnnsbeld, Nor. 2, IS7O —3m.
•
C. F...k.• 0. rilooke,
LEVERY AND EXCIIANGE STABLES
Wel Isbore, Pa. Office and Stables on tauter
Street, in rear of Court House. They will fur
nish horsed, single or double, with Buggies,
Carriages, at abort notice. Long experience iu
the business enables the proprietors to announce
with °Drill:lance they can meet any reasonable de
mands in their line. Drivers furnished, if desired
I- and paisenge re carried to any part of thecountry.
Thankful for past favors, they Invite continuance
of Custom. Terms reasonable.
• ' N0v.24,1869.4y.
=lt-rt
4 , ,
s ;
o. All work
Jan. 1, 1870.
G. fl. KIFE
. ' . •
. , .
a. .
-.-
' ..
' . .
,-,-".. lean - ana=" ,1 / 4 .,;..:1 -- ,;,..r!• - 4,,s -,.,.. ,•,.."-.4. , ..- , ...• - ,...- Z , -. • - 4111111111k . - * 4.,` , .< -.,.:-... ' •.. : - . • •', ..', • ~-,. ,-;-...:,;:......-.,.....;, I ~..,..',.- .',.. ~'-' .1.:, , , .; .
-
J •
, , -
1111
=
New Tobacco. Store I '
THE, subscriber has fitted up the Store first
doer oast Thomas liardon'adty goods store,
for the manufacture ant:reale of
•
CIGARS, (all grades), Fancy anfWm:
8.0.101? TOBAGO o,ldichigan Fine Cu
is MEWING, and all kinds of
PLUG: 2 4 .011ACC 0, PIPES, and the choi
r hest Brand of CIGARS.
?,c'', Call and soo for yourselves.
- JOHN . ; W. PURSEL.
WeUshore, Jan. 1, 1870—tf.
Nei° Tannery.
IrtHE undersigned has fitted up the old Faun.
dry building, near the Brewery, Welisboro,
and is now prepared to turn out fine calf, kip,
cowhido, and harness leather in the : hest man
ner. Iles tanned on. Ones. h paid-or
hides. M'ABNIAR DUItIF
.11 7 '01 pore, Jan. I, Ig4tr
=1
TIOEA DRUG STORE I
,
_____
•
;
I . . . BORDEN keeps constantly on
• s band: Pure Drugs and Medicines,
• , ~..- • , Chemicals, Paints and Oils, Lanlps,
' 0 i Stationery, Yankee Notions Ace.
PREMOTIONS CAREFULLY COll POpNDED
U. H, BORDEN.
1,1870.-1 y
FOR BALE. 0 -r 7O
BY
ME
NM
T, B. STONE,
(forixaerly B. C. Wiekham's Nursery)
T' lIIS NURSERY OF FRUIT AND OR
NAMENTAL TREES, IN TIOGA :-
60,000 Apple Trees,
10,000 'l'etit~`'Tre'e: } `'
A4o6disupply of PLUM, PEACH, OfIERRY
and\ORNOMENTAL TREES k SHRUBBERY
The"Frnit trees are composed of the choicest
varifities,lgood;hea t akr; icomeAt therge anA,
in bearin . %Any on'Oxilabk:fg4o ger , 4Aupit
wi
t
will do II to call and-ilecOris,l4lLock 'Dire pa :-:
ohasing.e soWhere. pit' Delivered at the depot,
Wellaboro; Mansfield, Lawrenceville and Bless
burg, freh of charge. All orders promptly filled.
Address, T.. 8. STONE,
' . " I D
Ttoga,i ec. 8, 1869-Iy* Tiuga, Pa,
PAINTS,
Olk AND ORUSHES,
MI
For the at
March`lo, 1.970-11.
House j. Lot for Me
A (GOOD liaTn„ on o let in;o
,ttee t ee, within ten Ininntel , or the
Court Ilquse, iVellaboro, is offered for sale. In
quire of :fohn I. Mitchell, Esq., WellAoro.
'Snit. 3b, 1870-tf.
3
IVi A NSFIELD
MINERAL PAINT,
=I
For ocileh.): A k .
blare.l4 16, 1870—tf
FIOVVA RD SANITARY AID .- - AS-
SOCrATION,
For it, }i,"14.1 and Coco of the Ertlng - nnit
on PrintistlatLut
ESSAYS ON VIE 1.,;111t.0R6 abd the 14I'
nee of Ago, in rclailon to MArtniAdeafirt•Socant . F.i'tto t
with Sanitary aid for the afflicted. Cent free, iu coaled
envelopes. Address, (lOW ABB ASSOCIATICN,
May 4,3370-1 y: t - Box
Wholesale and Retail
IWUG STORE!
By W. C. KRESS.
LOTS SPRING GOODS.
fru 1 subscriber will Leo Olt nand et alftleios
a full stuck 01
liS IND
.
OA INTS, OILS,
Patent Medicines,- •
Flavoring Extracts, Pei:Pinery, Kerosene;
Lumps, .Wicks, Dye Colors, White 11 7 (44
- Lime and Brushes, Varnish' an'd
Sash Brushes, Window Gla'ss
all 'sizes, -Tariti rr lt
kinds, Fancy Fancy Soaps,
Hair
SPECTACLES,
Ha_ it and Tooth Brushes, a full stock of
Yankee Notions; also a complete as
of
Homor,opathic Medicines.,
and a full ittAlCof
Pate Wines and Liquors,
Buyers ure requested u. Nall and examine pit=
ems before purchasing else u e
Apr. 20„ 1870. j
*X"JEIMI 41,gi-MM
M. M. SEARS.I.PRorrtirr ,, R.
_
Wl4 ERE delicious Teo Cream; French Con , -
'lectionary, all kinds of fruits in their
seasoni a nice dish of Tea, Coffee, or Chocolate,
and Oysterl3 in their season—can he had at all
houtsoserved in the best Atyle. Next door be
loNv Roberts k Bailey's Hardware Store. Main
Street.
Wellsboro, Jan. 1,1870.
E• 11 . HarriAQ 9
CCLEBIZATED BAKING POIW+DEIIB•i
for vile; by
Pci\. 2, 1870 1
ALL AND SEE that large F t e k t.t wall pa
per; lolling off at c0.,.t, :ft
P. It. WILLIAMS-, .4 CO'S.
Well. , boto, Mny 25. Is7o
For Sale.,
A I.IOIISII, AND, tOT-11 ,, eon'tains I acre—
AL, on Nichole Si: A 1 t:o
UtuniAn 901 t, 2 n3W bugliv=. ”ne y and
hprne.ie.lL C. BA ILFY.
Oetober 19, 1970.—tr "
. -
Fos l Sale or lent.
A GOOD dn!ry farm in Tinga Gnvn.hip, Ti
oga county; Pa., about 2.1 miles wpM of the'
Borough of 'Nov:a. about 10» acres int. v,ed?
and 46 unimproved. ElllO3 on it thrte barn';"
three dwelling houses, an apple and peach orch
aradother fruit trees. Terms easy. A (so ad
joining on the west, a farm and timber lands
from 40 to 200 acres as desired. with 80 acres
improved, with a good barn, a good haute and
apple orchard. Good fora dairying 4arm
Nov. 17,1870—tf, 0.11. SEYMOUR,
. Tloga, Pa,
w. q. igt,Ess
1 1 1. C KRESS
ME
MEM
KRTIS. r
4. •
R. w LLIA 00
tr.ES w• - O,A
- .
ELtSB at 0 1)41
,• A% •P: g • P.:;4,1' 3 1 [0 - BER2I x 1870
•
a:. lit 'l'. '3l4 ' SAIIUE Liar.
Armstrong & Lfnn,
ATTORNEYS-AT-LAW,
Vl4 4,flidam gl.
ATTORNEYS-AT-LAW,
IatNN , A.
ix sr t g ,
1 Aug. 4,1869-Iy.
ua ilL m ia _ EQl m i
e },WA,I,_4b,SBORO, PA.
ANDREW romat
who ‘ br 101 an ea
liehedn the jeelryl i u
floss '4l Weiltoao, bat -
ways on sale, various
kinds and prices of
( .
, ~. .
t. i .,. /: ' ,
..,.. 1 . :. :" .i . . t ir,
': 0 I 's°
'. .. 1 4
titgpkN WATCHES,
GOLD OR SILVER,` CLOCKS, JEWEL
RY, GOLD CHAINS, KEYS, RINGS,
PINS, PENCILS, CASES GOLD d.
ST PENW;fI FI ESI4 B -1 , " 4 4,if
1
SPOONS, RAZORS, PLA-
TED WARE,
SEWING MACHINES,
4,l;•jiri
8:c„
With most other articles usually kept in such
.establishment, whicb old to oz
•V. 41 - - Ay
v:PA
.Y 1
C A S p ° Ho
Repairing Bono neatly, and promptly, and on
abort NOTICE. A. FOLEY.
ItiwlFY 508,70-1Y.4
State Normal School,
>
FALL TERM begins Sept. 7, IS
WINICER TERM begins D 00.12, 1870
SPRING TERM begins March 27,1871.
Pyr ;l Cataloguo or admission apply to , .
:1•- , t 1 •.; cyr I 4
, 4
CHAS. 11. VERRILL, K. M.,
Nl•tn2field, July 6, 1970
4. 4
THE OLD
"PENNSYLVANIA HOUSE"
ii - 1.711135 - Y known as the Townsend House
ll; and for a time occupied by 1). D. lloli
" day, has been thoroughly . refitted, repair
et) and opened by
DANIEL MONROE,
d 'l s ti d f l b " an 11->d'
Aug 24, IS7O. ,j• •Di NIEL, •:NION ROE.
mat E , un4ersigiacci , AAAV.P..l,Pr-f.P.,Kr,10 to exe
atite, all_orcturcKol" TAtateAt4,9 1 1!"1.t735 1 otiv.
~stootoht.of. dithet• ‘.lc. ,„,,
•
- . , B LE,
of tbelatest;stylbt -anyksdppriyet - otintatmanship
and with - disptitoh: 1:z it
Fie keeps constantly onaland;bath kinds of
Marble and will bo able to suit all who may fa
vAir him with their orders, on as reasonable terms
as can be obtained in the Country:
- :FRANK ADAMS.
Tioga.Jan.l,lBio-tf
!f
insurance : Insiarqnce
HAND- IN-KAND.
7,: , , , ,44viimu.-uk I, LIFE,
INSURANCE COMPANY
•
• I '"
'lB.'4th ISt-, , Philadelphia
r• .tt:. gz
Toeorllorated Fel.)',) , 23; 1867.
Chart'd - Capital $500,000.
Aeeets over • - - $1,000,000 00
Stock and Mutual, combining Security with
Ptotite.,:.Suppose .yoru.are already insured molt.
tirbt•elasseomponyr and.froimittly cause what
ever, (say atter tun yearly payment) you do not
tir ayn n 0 ti.),ay : .l9llgir 0 —your insurance is
genie aticb:+-Yiintinctriest' r i , Wiisted. Not so in tho
"Iland IN LI A NI)," all Policies are NON Port
ristrAat.l-:•
:This aouipa4Y7oo4 o .4,i:r4Rha; 3l .l49°V.4 ll e`iPili° , 3t.
popular anti•,siocopifstll44o.l.iktirtincp.„o9pl
ponies, grants policies on nil ilesirahlo plans )
both wi h and without profits.
Traveling Privelegesunrestricted
All policieg.are ineetitestdde after °nor yea
from airy of the ordinary causes.
Look to your Life Insurance. Plia - so examine
the following Comparative Table. It is some
times alleged by AgeOls of other Companies that
the Company they represent is safer than others.
While we. unhesitatingly assert our,liljef in the
niaa'stability of. all companies, .vtl de:
siKpto preseDt. tlia following fttf the inspectien OT
CisilnisFro : l,l,l`! - -„ . - 1:
Thu following emapanies, annual
premiums' ehurgiid • hYea f eli for au insiiranee s en
life ut the ago of 30-years; payable at death:
4, 11 1
preal)ll ,p'eu queuut
for 11111. ,
Ptsnews:
.orB4 $3g;21:., '-
. : : :`2-1 4 3 ' 42,80
2422, 11 5 . 13 - L •
Equitable, ' ;0 40 ,
Washington, —22;70 46,97
Hand-in-Hand, 16,50 32,60
If not already insured take a policy with the
,"11AND-IN-HAND."
the best Mutual Company in the United States
A. L. Al ON RUE, Agent, Wellshoro:
Office with J no. I. Mitchell.
Aug. 17'0870.-1y
licirisel and , ;:ldet aria Nine Acres of
'tz '.o:•}:Liitnthf€llllSalc.
CIII'iItt,VVILtIAMS offers for sale his
I * ittuise airdel t. onfaktain street, Wellsboro,
1 1",OPL-aeffl.Pfifind ..netr ; the cemetery. En
quire of :ksephWitt the Wellsboro foun
-41.3.;,,-t fi.1;:l I[3 Nov. 9,1670 itf
Farm for- Sale.
IN Farmington, near the Limo Kiln, 3 4ilee
from Nelson, containing 65 acres, 50 improv
od,:for
J. W. TUBBS,
Sept, 23, 1370-3 m --" Lawrenceville.
New Photograph - Gallery.
b,...u,NA.atwo,..4lp,l4.ke,kip.ctsuny,Rpr
non., t the people of Well'sbere,lata%
it.temity4tho LtlieolAogfro3pAikTi, tko, gap! .Citryl 951
1 3 w•euPiEd I'YNRI4 Tcti.9B ,- .l 3 vd / g44tu191t,0:
tal rooms, nod prepared to rditko
`l' •; j5 IttligTYLE'S - 'OF PICTURES
kurfera to , the art. Please call and examine ape
oiMenz„ Nn 16,1870 tt
. s •' l '2B.:pplitiatitin for Charter.
4 =VOTECEis:ihertby given that the following
..01r1.1ipplication fdr charter of incorporation
711e.sibeenlited in mymflice. and will be prezent
cd twthe Courte,of Caonmon Pleas of Tioga coun
ty, a Nov.
Application of Samuel Baker, Inae Spencer
Thos. Seiston and others, fur the "First Metho
diet Episcopal Church, of Maple Ridge.
J. F. DONALDSON, Prottey.
Dec. 14, 1870.-3w.*
11E1
giet.tvil , iilly rill , t%. ': 1-li-
i
I fEIW'INT,IES.
iiVe . did not fear them once,—the dull greYrnorn
irtig nit 7 • - ;
No eheettestbliurfiep on our spirits laid;, •
Tho on night watches did nol bring ids -Warn
ii g t:o1
That wd m4O tenants of,a,,house decayed.
The early snow; like'dreame, to us descended,;
The frost did fuiry work on pane 'end bough;
Beauty, i an cl,poWeri l an d. wonder, bare not ended—
How is t that we fear the winters noW ?
The hot E 0 gin, i'l 9sbright on hearth and chain-
The no t hcrn starlight shines as =coldly, clear;
t
The wo de stilllieeptheir t h,olly:l'or December;
The wold has weleetielfet iiietlie New'Year:.
!Ind, fa away in old remembered places, • • ,
The enow- - drop rises and the robin singe,
The sari ancrin'Ottlockit - ,04 with'imilini fiies,--,
Why biro our days forgot such goodly things?
I I T.
.
f
Is it th t now the nellh'l ,
ivind'firlds 1:10 shaken
By tem est fiercer t thari its bitter blast?
And fair heliefs.,4o 4 frienclehip:havoforsaken
Lille s aiiii4r 4 , 0 eli4ty :a4 tiqi Yeiiik4( pitsg? ~.
And lifo 'grows imitless in its pleasan't . ,valleys,
The light of promipewaning from its 49, -,, .-
Till mists inCet &ion id it 9 luttitrd palaea= ' '
Not, liliw the outer iniste,sto melt away?
i--''' - `IU -' ". . - •
It was pot thus, when dreams of love and laurels
45;7/ annhititie'tti the *inters of our youth, ' -,
%Aro ).Cs:hoPeS,hag . falltin l in_fort tine's: quarrels,
Or TiMpilad,hoWe'il them with his heavy truth;
Bre ye 4 the twilight found *tut.strange and lonely;
With shad,ope etttningwhen the fire hums low, ~
To telliof distant graves and losses only--„
The pait that\connot change, and-1011/not go. ~
Alas! ilefir'frliWs;'the Winter is within us,
Hard 4 I . lo:',iciithat - ititheis round the ieart,'
If petty Cares and vain regrets can,win us , .
From lfe's true heritage, and better part.
Seasons and skies.rejoiee,lyea, , worship rather : ..
But nation.q•toil.and-tremblei even as we... .
IlopinSToillitirvits;thliy" - will 7piivet' gathor,;
,- :":
And dr t eildiiig 1 4 / ; inters 'they mai never ace: - , . ,
_
,
torglianono g;tadino,
!PRESIDENT'S NESSAGi:
To th Senale cold' House of Rep'resen l .
•
tattvca':. - 2 , - .
~, • .
.
A. year Of peace and general pros-.
perit ' to,this nation has ,passed since,
the Ist assembling of Congress. We
havethrough a kind Providencejheen
I
blessed with abundant cropS, and lieve
been spared from ,`pomplicationcii and
war Withloreignliations. ,-
In our midst comparative harmony
has been reatored.< It is to be regretted;
however, - .and a free' exereise of :the
eleettve franchise has, by• violence and
intimidation, been denied tocitizens in
exceptio mi 1 :cases,' n several of the States
lately in rebellion, 'and the verdict of '
the people has thereby been 'reversed.
The States of Viiginia i Missispippi and
Texas have teen •yeiitored' to represen ta-1
tion'in'our -national cob ti ells. - Georgia,
the only State<now with Out represen ta•-•
tion,l may confidently; be .expected to
take 'l place there,' also, at the begin:
nink,of,the new year,.end : then, let us
hope, syhl he ifempleted the work of re
construction,- with anTrioquietteence, on
the -part;Of the whole-people in the na
tionel obligation; ioPay theubile debt
created as the price of our Union, the
pensions Jo AittrAisabled 'soldiers and
sailors arid their'W.i.doWS and orphans,
whidh have • been made necessary by a
great rebellion— There • isplio. reason
why we shoiilil, netadyan co it material
-prosperity atiChatiijkLeas...eims,
~,,,iio, hub,,,-0,,-4bll,voci..er,so provaetect•
and devastating a•Witi• - " •:1!--; - 1
Ilif
Scion after the existing WerbrokeMit i
in urope, the prptectionof the , United '
States Minister-WPariewasinfroked in
'favor of the-North 9 : ermii'ils domibileci,
Ifi'llreneleterri,tbry: Instructions were
issuld treekilitit piotteti - eti'to 'the - people
of t i e.firhited iStates. This., has been
followed by,the extension of American
Protectieritoeitizens of Saxony, Hesse
and ',Saxe Coburg Gotha, Colombia, .Por
tugelr-Norway, Dom inkier' Repu bile,-
Ecuack,r,,Chili,, Paraguay and Venezu 7 ,
ela,iinTaiig. q`he!eliarge Waaan oner
ous one, requiring constant and severe
label., as well as the exercise m patience,
prudence and good judgment, It has
been perfoi wed to the en tire satisfaction
of this4sOv - iiiiiment;Und, as , I ant ofd- i
eially,inforlued, equally so to' the, goy-
ernmetitornirth Germany. - ,
~
, ,„ti'clO6l3 lis l r• had 'learned that - a, re
'
ptiblie"'lntil,teen kocialmed 'tit Paris;
an dlthe people of Francs had acquiesced
in the change, the Minister of the Uni
tedfStates was directed by teiegrapit to
reedgnize it, and tender my congratula-
Hone and those of the American people.
The establishuient in France of a - sys-
tern : of government disconnected witli
the 'dynastic .traditions ,q ; Europe, 'ap
peared to be e proper Object for-jeliei
tations of Ameneenk Should th,epreic
ent-Struggle residt - in the ',atteching of
the hearts of the French - to our simpler
forch&of_representati Ye. government, it.
will be a subject of still further satis
faction to our people. •
- s li'nriug the last se • ion of ,Ctougress a
treaty for the mine ; Hon of repub- i
lie 9f Ken Doming o the United States I
o is
falledAii reeeiire the requisite ti*O-thirds I
vote of theSenate.?,-Ir was - thoroughly
convinced ihen that ,beSr, interests
of t le country; cormliercifill; ' and . ma-
teritilly, demanded , its' , l'fitification. I
1 Time has only confirmed me in this
view. I now firmly believe that the
moment it is knoWn the - -United States
have entirely abandoned the project of
aceepting,, as a part of its territory, the
island of,Sim,Doiningo,,a' free port will
be negbileted• for,by -European:nations,
and on the Bay of §atnana a large com
mercial city will spring up,_.to which
.we yvill be tel Without receiving
•It _
`ny corresponding benefits. Then will
be Seen the folly of neglecting so great
a prize. The government of San Do
mingo has,voluntarily sought, this ari
negation. I .lf is 'a' wink peWer, num
bering probably less than 120,000 souls,
and yet. posSesSing; one of
_the richest
territories ander 'the Sun, capable' of
supportlng'teri;•milliona 'of people in
luxurY. The people of San Doniingo
arelnot • capable - of maintaining them-1
sel/es in theirqTesent condition, - and
mutt look' fair - ontside - sitppOrt: They
yearn for the protection - of our free in-
stitutions •and ,laws- 7 -our 'progress and
civilization. Shall • we refuse them?--
The acquiSitiefi - Of San Domingo IS:.de-_;
citable because 4'lo geograph ical' pbsi-'
tion.. <lt,eenimatidecthe , entrauce.of the
Catibbectur.Sea end thelstlirnus4reriSit '
of commerce. „Slt poSseSs,es -the richest.
soil, the best and.-most-oapatious - har-'
hoeothe:most -salubrious climate, and
the, most-valuable products - of- The - for
esti mine 'and !soil 'oc:any- or:the West
IndiaiSlands. , . '''.' -' '-- - ''" '' ".' • •" '
Its possession -by., the United States
will, in a few years, build up a eideSt•
wise Cottihieree - of - immense magnitude,
which will go favtoWard 'restoring to
the United;Statei CU t',l9St Merchant ma
rine. It, - : W,ll,l::giVe us:' those articles
which we, entiemeelarkely and 'de 'not
, pricluce e 'Aliu,9k-e'qualizing „out 'exports,
an 01 imports;-; - To ease'o(•_,Toreign'wai:"it:
wilt glysi - s ta!;=tha
,ponitnand .or all, the
. islands -I ,re'ferFeditp', - and', - -:thuS iireVent-an'
enemy;,frOm',ever agai o voss'essittt, hiai::'
se lf pCjiii - Ondezvous upon ;our Yery .
cot. : ',-...=',`•:,,
..„ ..<
- At preSerkour enlist :trade between
the Statea ,-- bortiering: on the Athena
and those ,tioriering on the Gulf . 0( 111.-ek
icq, is Cut In two by- the Bahamas and
the Antillea. • z.T.wice We 'must., -as it
were, puss thrOugh:foreign countries to
get by sea frOm Georgia - to :the west
'cost of Florida,: '' San Domingo, with
a stable government under- which her
irrimense resources can be developed,
will give remunerative wages to tens of
thpusands of laborers 'not; no Iv on the
, ,
Principal.
V 4 ,41,; „- f.' , '' . C!' . t....;%14' 1 1 4. ' t,,,,, , , , --• 5,, w,, ,;_ q.. „,,,,.!' ' !
, . .
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.- • ;. A GITAT OR . .
• A
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.
-,
E
:aii(Yi aßab lllt ,N~.
%! is
OMEN
ME
_ .
advantage
island 'T or will take
'oteNiery., Available - means of,transpor
lation to tibantithi tlje , ndjacentisinniis
44d seek; tii4-A)loeing,':(if 'fieeilana and
its sequendei ,oacti 10401444 h receiving,
tire.; reward .o r his own labor. POrto
Rico an
- I ,13 mv.e to. l ab oI is 11.81a
vork as a- 4neas..tift.pr,,e.ft ;
to retain 411'044iorers: ,
San ;Domirige
„win ).',come a - large
Consumer-of the 'products of Northern
farms and factories: - The'cheap rate at
which her. eitizens nen be ; furnished
with foOdr,too.ls .and machinery—the
,production of nur own supply of these'
hundred
cut oft' More than one
hundred - Millions of our annual
our
ports, beside - largely increasing our ex
ports. With - such a picture, it is easy
to'see how our large debt abroad is ulti
mately :to be extinguished. -With a
'balance of, trade against . us,, includin . g
interest nu bonds held- by. foreigners
and money spent ' by our citizens trav
eling in foreign lands, equal to the 'en
tire yield of precious 'metals' in this
'Country; it is' not eaSy te'see how this
resultialo otheriViSe accomplished.
The 'acquisition of San Domingo is
adhjerence ,to Abe. 'Monroe doctrine.
Itisra ineasure of nationarinotection.:.
Is"asSorting our, just claims to a ,con
trolling influence over,. the, greatnom
inercial.traffic soon le, 110 W fcFICI
O*St fo
'east, by the way of, the Isthmus of "Da-.
rien. It is to, band up' our, merchant
marine. ' It is to 'Thrtilsh' new markets`
for thq products of. stir, Wins; shop' s and=
Manuatctories.' It is' to make slavery
insupportable in Cuba and 'Porto Rico
,at °poi. and ultimately so in Brazil.—
In view, of the importance of this ques
tion,'• I ',earnestly tiro upon Congress
earlyaetion expressive 4600 view ea to
the - best ;means Of acqUiring' San Do--
mingo. My Sugeestion is,'that , by joint
resolution of=thellbuses bf Congress,
the EXeetitive be authorized to appoint
a cbintriission-to negotiate a treaty with
the authorities of San Domingolor the
acquisition of that island, and then - au
appropriation be-MadeAo defray the ex
'perms of such cbrnmissitiM.,. ,The ques-,
tied may then be detect:n/I*d, either by
the action of the Senittelipon the trea-:
ty, or by joint action of 'both Muses Of
Congress upon d'resolntien 'of anneka
tion. So convinced am that the ad
vantages to -flow from the acquisition
of San-Domingo, and of the , great (Hs
adivantages, I might almost say .celatn
ities, tollow , front, non-acquisition ~that
I believe - the subject has only to be
veStigated to beapPreved...i ,
Since the adjourrirdent: of Cimgreis
-the ratifications of the ' treaty with G.
Britain for abolishing the,rnixed courts
for- the suppression, of the slave trade
"haft Aleen . exchanged.- It is believed
that the slave trade islnow confined to
the eastern' Coast otAfrica, where the
slaveS are taken torArabianmarkets.
ME
,Tll4 rattfleatioiar* rtattraliza-
Unit ConventiOn betWeeu great Britain
and the United States have ,be:en ekL•
changed duribg the recess'i and' thus a
long standing dispute between the gov
erutnents has been nettled in. accord
ance with the principles always con ten
ded for by the United States.
,
'ln 'APril las t ,,whil r e;engaged in lees::
ting a military reservation near Pembi
na; neorpa of engineerSdisetivered that
the, commonly received - boundary. be: ,
tweendhe•llnited States and the Brit. ! .
iSh nossessions,-at that place,' is about
4,-700feet south of =the" true-position of
the'4thpartillel,nnd that-the linnwh en
thri onwbat is now 4upoosect to be the
true :position of that parallel, would
leave the fort of the Hudson Bay Coin
panyi at Pembina within . the ,territory
of th'.o United Stales , This in forma
l:ion. being communicated to the British
goveiiment, I was requested to consent, -
and did consent that the British occu
pation of the fort ,of the Hudson , Bay
Company•shimid continue-for the pres
-Auf, 1- d tem ect:...i :, -- i in portank, h ) ~..eyer;
tintt - r - mrs—payr, ~t .i., k.....,,,,,—...ii.....3... - 0 ,-- ..1.1...:.,
should be' definitely fixed by a joint
i e
commission of the two geveri merits,'
and I submit herewith estimate of the
expense of such a commission on the
part of the United States, and recom
mend that an appropriation he lade for
that purpose. The land bound ry has
already been fixed and marked from
the summit of the Rocky Mountains to
the Georgian Bay. ' It should now be
in like manner marked from the Lake
of -the Woods to 'the summit of the
Rocky Mountains. 1 -
I regret to say that no conclusion has
been reached for the adjustment of tile
claims against Great Britain, growing
out Of the course adopted by that gov
ernment during the rebellion. The
Cabinet of London, so far as its views
have been expressed, does not appear
-to.he Willing to concede that Her Ma
jesty's government was guilty of any
negligence, ordid or permitted any act
during that war by ~ which, the United
States has a just cause of complaint.—
Our firm and unalterable conviction, is,
directly - the reverse. I therefore recomlY
iiiendlo Congress to authorize "the 'ap
pointment of a commission to take
proof, of the. amounts' and the 'owner
ship of these several claims,' on notice
to the representative of Her Majesty at
Washington, and that authority be giv
en for the settlement of these clai - is by
the United States, so- that the g vern
ment shall have the ownership f the
t ic)
pri•Oleelaims, as well as the - res onsi
ble control of all "he' ddinaudsiaainst
Great Britain. It cannot ,be, neeessary,
to add, that- , whenever' Her MajestY'A'
government shall entertain it desire for
a full . and -friendly, adjustment Of 'the,
clams,-the United States will enter up
on
their conSideratiou, with-an earnest
desire for weonoltision conSistent , with
the honor - and'dignity of both nations.
The course pursued by the -Canadian
authorities toward,the fishermen of the
United States 'during the nag season,
has not been marked by a friendly feel
ing., By the first article of theConven-
Lion of 1818 between Great Britain'and
the United States, - it'vas agreed that
the inhabitants of - the ' United States
shoultlinive forever, in common with
British subject's, th'e right of "taking
fish in'eerfain - Waters. therein defined.,
In the waters notineluded in the limits
nanied-in the,Convention; within three
mites of parts of the British coast. It
has been the custom for many years to
give to intruding fishermen of the Uni
ted States a'reasonable warning - of the
technical rights of Great Britain. ' , ,
Anticipating" that an ' attempt }nay
posSibly be made
-by the Canadian au
thorities in the coming-season to repeat
their unneighborly ago toward our fish
ermen, I recommend you to confer up
on the Executive the power to suspend
, by proclamation -the operation-of the
ws autheriling. the 4ransit. of 'goods;
Wires and. merchandise, in , bond across
th ' territory of the 'United. States to
:-Ca ada.;: and: fOrther; slicaild 'stibh , an;
extr. me measure become necessary, to
suspe d the Operation of ' any. laws
whero,)y- the vessels Of the Dominion Of
- Canad , are permitted - to enter the wat
ers; of he, United States. • .A like un
friend y disposition has been nfanifeS•;
tediti the-part of Canada, in the main
term ce of a-claim of right- - to exclude
the itiZenS°Orthe United. States from
the' navigation of - the St, Lawrence. -
T J iSyriver 'conStitutes, ifi' nab:liar ontlet
t, the ocean for eight States, with an
a,,qtygatq - poptil4tion of abOut 17,000;7
0 )o!mhabitatits, and with au aggregate
t , ntgige . of (11.,367..tpn upon the waters
which disciiiirgo into it. The foreign
_corn nie •ee of - our, ports upon these writ- I
,:ers:iso ien to British- competition, and!
the, nit jor part of it is done in British
'bottoms. 7 Iff turd. American seamen , be i
excluded froth •this--natural , avenue to
The ocean, the monopoly of the, direat
commerce of the 'lake - ports with the
Atlantic - would be in foreign ' handS,
and their.vessels on trans-Atlantic voy
ages would ,have an' accesNto our lake'
port:), which would be denied to Amer
-.leiiii vessels
-on, - similar , voyages. To
state such a'propesition is to refute _its
injUstice. During the administration
of Air. .1 - Ohn Quincy Adams, Mr. Clay
unanswerably demonstrated the natu
rairight of the citizens of the,ll. States
=EI
to the 'navigation of , this r iver,,claiml ng
that,the stet of the;COngrese: orYlennti
In 'Opening the Rhine and, 'other rivers
to all nations, showed the. judgMent of
European- jurists and • statesmen;. that
4/e l -inhabitants- of a , eonntry throug h _which a naVigahlei river Passes; 'have a'
n; tural right to - enjoy the - navigation
.of that river to tind:into the - kietli 'even
'though, passing - :through; territories of
another power. ' • . ,
This right does dot exclude. thC 'coe
,qual right Of the sovereign possessing
territory - thro' which the river tlebou--
cies into,the sea, to make such regula
tions relative to the police or thenavi:
gation as may be reasonably necessary,
but those regulations should be framed
Ina liberal spirit of comity, and should
'not impose needless, burdens upon the
commerce which has the right of,tran
sit. It-has been found in practice more
advantageous to arrange these regult . !--
tiens by ,mutual agreement. •
The United States is ready to Make
any-reasonable arrangement as to the
police of the•St.'Lawrence ' which ,may
be suggested by. Great Britain. •
- • In 1856 the Crimean war. was . Closed
byia treaty which provided (Or 'the'free
navigatkiii of the Danube. In 1858
Bolivia, -by treaty, declared tbat,it •re? ,
'gerded:the rivers Amazon- and La Pia.-
ta'; in aceordance°with fixed principles'
Cf'natioifid law; highways or •chan
'he's opened by nature for-the commerce
Of 'all , nations. In 1859 the Paraguay
'wea.made free by ,treaty;, and in De
cember, 1866; the Emperor of - Brazil,
.by Imperial decree, declared tbeAma
zon to be open to the frontier of Brazil
to the merchant ships of all nations.=,--
The greatest living British authority,
on this subjec,t, white asserting the' ab
stract;right of the British claim,' says
" It EteetllB difficult to- deny that-Great
-Britain may, ground her refuSal upon
strictiaw. But it is equally difficult to
deny, first, that in so doing she exerci
ses harshly an. extreme and hard law.
Second, that her conduct with respect
to. the navigation of the St. Lawrence,
IS in:glaring and discreditable inconsis
.tency with her conduct in respect to the
'navigation of the:Mlssiesippl. On the
'ground that she possessed a small do
main in which the Mississippi took its
'rise, she insisted on the right to navi
gate the entire volume of its waters.—
On the ground that she pothiesses both
hanks of the St. LaWicifteeWloere it dis
embouches itself into the sea, she de
ifies to the United States Lhe right of
navigation, though about, one-half -of
the waters of lakes Ontario, Erie, Hu- ,
ron and Superior, and the'Whole of lake
Michigan, through which the river
flows, are. the property of - the U. States.
The whole nation is - interested in secu-
:rltig cheap transportation from the ag
ricultural States of the West to the At-
lan lac seabord. 'l\ the citizens of the
United States it secures a greater re
turn for their labor; to the inhabitants
of the seaboard it atibrds cheaper food
to the nation an increase in the annuali
surplus of wealth.
It IS hOped that the government of
Great Britain -will :see the justice of
abandoning the - narrow and inconsis
tent claim to which the Canadian prov
inces have urged her adherence.
Our depressed commerce ig a subject
to which I called your attention at the
list session, and suggested that' in the
future-we will have to look more to the
countries south Of us, an 6 to China. and
Japan, for its revival'.
. • Our...own representatives to all these
t.
governments ha 'e exerted their influ
ence to encour.g,e i trade between the
- United States pd the countries to
which they ar accredited. But the
fact exists that tl e carrying is done al
most entirely in foreign. ttoms, and
while this state \ affairs exists; we can
not,dontrol our due share of the coin-
mirde of the world.
'Mat between the Pacific Statea.and
Chtna.and-japan about_all the carry-
stg crane HOW contur,tv,t-im ,n3nerwau
vessels. I would recommend a liberal
Policy towqrd that line' of American
steamers--one that will insure, its suc
cess and even increased usefulness.
The cost of building iron vessels—the
otily ones, that, can compete with foreign
Ships in the carrying trade—is so much
greater in the United States than in for
eign
countries, that without some assis
tance from the government they can
not be successfully; built here. There
, will be' several propositions laid before
Congress in the course of the present
session, looking to a remedy. for . this
evil. Ev' , 'n if it should be at some cost
to• the na lona! treasury, I hope such
encourag tent will begli - 7 - en as will se
cure Ain rican shipping on the high
seas, and American ship-building at
home: , '
T recommend to your consideration
the propriety of transferring to the De
partm.,- t of the Interior, to which they
seem if ,,, ssc appropriately to belong, all
power_. and duties in ' relation to the
lerritbri '.,with which the Department
of State is I,:w charged by law or usage,
and from the Interior Department to
the War Department the Pension Bu
reau, ••,) far as it, regulates the payment
of sohlierq' pensions. '
I Wrai Id further recommend i,ha t the.
pay Mel)t of naVa I pensions be - trans=
ferred to oile , f.f the bureaus of the Navy
Department., The estimates for the
expenses of the Government for the
next fiscal, year are 51,824,43 , 1,601' Jess
,than for the, current one,ut, exceed
the appropriations for the pr sent.
' Revenue reform; if It melt' this, has
1, 4
my hearty support. If it imblies a col- -
lectiOn of all the revenue foi' the, sup
portof government for the, paymentpf
principal and interest of the public
debt, pensions, &c., by diree.ly taxig
the people, then I am against reven e
reform, and confidently believe tle
ii i
people are with me. If it means fail
ure to provide the necessary means to
defray all the expenses of the Govern
ment, and thereby repudiation of the
public debt and pensions, then I am
still more opposed to such kind' of rev
enue reform. -Revenue reform has not
been defined by any of its advocates to
my knowledge, but seems to-be accept
ed':.,
_something which is to supply.
every man's wants without any cost or
effortion his part. 'A true revenue re
form Cannot be made in a day, but we
mtif•itl look to ,ft policy which would
place.our currency at par with gold at
no diStant day. The tax collected from
the people has been reduced more than
eighty millions of dollars per. annum.
By , steadiness in our present course,
there is no' reason why, in a few short
years; the national tax-gatherer • may
not disappear from the door of the, cit
izen almost entirely. With the revenue
stamp dispensed by postmasters in every
-coMmunity, a tax upon liquors 'of all
sorts, and tobacco hi, all forMs, by a
,wise adjustment of the tariff which
will put a duty only upon those articles
W li(eli we could dispense with, known
as-luxuries; and on those which we use
mere of than we produce—revenue,
enetigh may be raised after a few years
ofoeaee and consequent reduction of
indebtedness to fulfill. all ' our obliga-
Liens and a further reduction of expen
sea in addition to a reduction of the in
terest, account may be relied on to make
thisivacticable. - 1
. ,
- Trhe army has gradually been re
chieed so that on the Ist day ofJanuary,
18,71, the number of commissioned oftl
cers and men will not exceed the num
ber contemplated by that law. The !
War„Department building •is an old
structure, not tire-proof, and entirely
inadequate in dimensions to our present
,
w l ants., Many thowiands of dollars art)
now paid annually for rent of private
buildings to accomodate , the carious
bureaus of the Department. I kecom
mend an appropriation for a '-new War
Department building suited to the pres
ent and growing wants of the nation.
The report of the . leer&ary of_ War
shows a very satisfactory reductlen in
the expenses of the -army Jor the last
fiscal year. For details you are referred
'to his accompanying report. The ex
penses of the navy for the whole of the
last year, from Dee. Ist, 1.569, the date
of the last report, are less than'slo,ooq,,l.
000, or about $1,000,000 less than they
'were the previous year. . The expenses.
since the commencement of the fiscal,
year; ), e. since July let, show for thia
tive months a decrease of over $2,400fr.
'OOO for' those of the corresponding
montlisoflastyear. The estimates for
the current year were $28,305,571,27.7-
Those for next year aro $20,683,317;00
with $955,100,00 additional for necessary
permanent improvements, These esti
mates 'are matte closely for the inaln 7
tainance 'of the naval establishment,
as it now is, without the nature of per
manent improvement.- The appropri
ationd_for last and current . years were
evidently intended by Congiess, and
are sufficient only to keep the navy on
its present footing by the repairing and
refitting.of our old ships, ;This policy
)
must, of nurse, gradually , but -surely
destroyth navy, and it is in itself far
from econ mica!, aS each year that it is
pursued tie necessity, for mere repairs
to ships aid navy-yards becomes more
tmperativ and more costly,and our
increased
forcurrent e penses are annually ncreased
for the tn re repairs of ships, many of
which soon become unsafe, and useless.
lope, during the present - session of
Congress, to be able to „submit 'to it a
plan by which naval. vessels' can be
built' and repairs • made with 'great
saving upon the present cost. ,
It <an hardly be wise statesmanship
in a Government which represents a
country with over five thousand miles
'of coast line "on both oceans, inclusive,
of Alaska, and can taining 40,000,000 of
progressive people,. with relations of
every nature with almost every foreign
country, to rest with shell an inadqgnate
way of enforcing any foreign policy,
either' of protection. or redress. Sepa
rated by the oceans from the nations of
the . Eastern Continent, our nitvy is
our only means of direct protection to
our citizens abroad or for the enforce
-went of any foreign policy. The ac
companying report of the Postmaster-
General shows a most satisfactory
working of that department. With the
adoption of the recommendations con
tained therein, particularly those re
lating to wreform in the franking priv
ilege, and the adoption of the corres
pondence cards, a self-sustaining postal
system may speedily be looked for, and
at no distant day a further reduction of.
the rate of postage be attained. I rec
ommend authorization by Congress to
the Postmaster-General and Attorney-
General to issue all commissions to
officials appointed through their re
spective Departments. , •
At present these commissions, where
appointments are Presidential, are, is
sued by the State Department. The
law in , all the departments of Govern
ment, except those of the Post office and
of J ustice, authorizes each to issue its
own commissions, always favoring prac
tical reforms, I respectfully call your
attention to one abuse of long standing
which I would like to see, remedied by
this Congress. It is a reform in the
civil service of the country. I would
have, it go beyond the mere fixiugtof
the tenure of office of clerk and emir
ployes who do not require the 11.9.Vieb
and consent - of the ,Senate to make
their appointments complete. I would
have it 'govern 'not the tenure, but the
manner of making all appointments.—
There is no duty which so much em
barrases the Executive, and heads of
the Departments as that of appoint
ments, nor is there any such arduous
and thankle-,s labor imposed on Sena
tors and representives as that of find
ing place for eonstituentS. The pres
ent system does not secure thebest men,
and often not even tit men for public
place. The elevation and purification
of the civilservice of the government
will be hailed with approval by the
whole people of the United States. Ro
-1 form in the management of Indian a.f
- sanooio.l-ationLion.
or the AdminiAration frog its inaugur
ation to the present day. The eXperi
went or intik ing it a tuiskdoriary work
was tried, with a few agencies, given
to the denomination of Friends, and
. 11118 in!en 'Mind to WOrk most advanta
geously. All agencies and superintend
encieft not so disposed of were given to
officers of the army. The act of Con
gress reducing the army renders army
officers ineligilde for civil positions.—
Indian agencies being civil officers, I
determined to
,;tive all' the agencieslo
such religious denominations as - had
heretoforii• established missionaries
am' nt; ,ttn Indiant4, and perhaps to
some (It her digiOnl dations who would
Inivrt-tke to work on the same terms,
i. e:, as aal issia k ary work. The Soul
etie:4 elected are allowed their agents
stibjeet to the approval of the Execu
tive, awl are expected to watch 'over
them and aid them as tuiSsionaries to
Christia»ize and civilize the. Intlian,
and to train him in the arts of peace,
The government watches over thel offi
cial acts Of these Agents, and iequires
3 .. ;1* them as strict , ' an account as it they
were appointed in any other manner.—
I ealt-Vtain the confident opinion that
the ',odes,. now pursued will in a few
yearA bring tat the Indians itvon res
vasion+, Were they \Viii live itt 'bobs'
have ' tinti Churches- d
will he pursuing Peaceful and self-s
tainitig t voeations, and where 11
tri:v he visited by the law-alrid'
white ni in with the s:►►ne impun
that he n vitlits the civilized wl
settletuei tFt."
I call •our special attention to - he
report of the Commissioner of Indian
Affairs f r 'information on the sub
eet.
During the last fiscal year 8,095,413
acres of public .lands were disposed of.
Of this. quantity 3,698,910,05 acres were
taken under the 'homestead law, and A - -
129,515,61 acres: sold for cash. The re
mainder was i located With military
1 '
Warrants, college or Indian scrip, or ap
plied in satist;action of grants to rail
roads, or for loafer public uses. The
mitt les under 4.lie, homestead law dur
ing the last yetr covered 961,555 acres
m
i .,
ore than Ow :0 during the 'preceding
year. ' Surveys have been vigorously
prosecuted to the 'full !extent of the
means applicable to the 'lurpose. The
quantity of land in, the m trket'w ill sup
i
ply the present demand. The claim of
the settler under the' homestead and
pre-emption laws, is not however, limi
ted to lands subject to sale at private
entry. Any unappropriated surveyed'
Yublic land may, to a limited amount
be acquired under the former laws, if
the party entitled to enter under them
011 comply with the requirements they
prescribe in regard to -residence • and
chltivation. The actual settler's pref
erence right of purchase is eve broad
er,
Mid extends to lands , whi h were
unsurveyed at .the time of h s settle- '
ment. This right was former! confin
ed within much narrower limits, and at
one period of our hisiory, was conferred
only' by special statutes. They were
from time to time to legalize what was'
then regarded asap unauthorized intru
sion upon the ',national domain, The
opinion that' the public hinds should
beregarded chiefly as a source of rev=
enue is no longer mentioned.' The'rap
i.l settlement and successful cultivation
of. them is now justly considered of
more Om portance , to our Well-being,
than N the fund which the sale of them
would produce. 'Jr h e 'remarkable
growth au I prosperity of our nor • States
and teri holies attest the wisdoi i of the
legillation which invites the filler of
the s it to secure a permanent homenn
the terms within the reach of all. The
piontter who incurs the dangers and
priv ttions of frontier life and thus aids
in - la , in g the foundation of new com
monwealths, renders a signal service to
his country and is entitled to its special
favor and protection. These laws se
cure that object, 'and largely promote
the general welfare. They should,
therefore, be cherished as .a permanent,
feature of bur landlsystem. Good faith
requires us to give-full effect to existing
grants. .
The time-honored and beneficent poi
Hey of setting apart a certain section of
,
1
). i
NUMBER 5L
public lands for eduicatiOnalpurposei in ~
the new States, should' be. continnede-
When ample provision shall havekheen, -
made for these objects; 1,, submit;: da. a
question worthy of serious considera
tion, Whether the reside of our nation- -
al domain' should not e wholly dis- '
1 ) )
posed- of under the p ovisions of the
homestead end pre-emption: laws, in.
addition to the swamp and .overflowing. ,
lan 4.0 granted to the States in which
theY' a re situated,' the lands taken under -
the agricultural college acts, and for in
ternal. irnprovement ' 'purposes ; -under
the act of September, 1841., and the acts
supplemental thereto, there had been '
conveyed up' to . the close of the hest fis
cal year, by patent or other eqqvalent
evidence of title, to States and erpora
tions, 2'7,836,257.63 a c re s : for ra lways, ,
canals and wagon roads. It is stima--
ted that an additional quantity f. 1.74, ,
1
73p,523 acres i% still due tinder gr nts for*
like issues. The polidy of thus aiding
the States in building works of inter
nal improvement, wa a luau urated
more than forty years since, a the' '
grant:3'lo Indiana and Illinois to aid
.those States in opening canals to, con
nect ;the waters of the Wabash with -.
those Of Lake Erie, and the - waters of
the Illinois with those of Lake Miehi- -, •
gan.• It Was followed with some,modi
tications in the grant to Illinois of al
ternate
sectionsiof public lands within
certain 'knits,' of the Illinois - Central '
railway. Fourteen States and sundry
corporations have received similar sub
sidieS in connection with railways com
pleted or in process of construction, as
the reserved sections are rated at the
double natal:um. , The sale of them at
the, enhancement prices *has thus, in
many , instances, indemnified, the Trea
sury for the granted lands. The con
struction of some of these, thorough
fares has undoubtedly given vigorous
impulse to the development of our re
sources and the settlement of the more
distant portions of the country: It
may, however, be well insisted that
much of our legislation in' this regard
has been characterized by ,indiscrimi
nate'and profound liberality. The' U. ,
States should 'not loan their 'credit in
aid of any enterprise undertaken by a
State or corporations, nor grant lands
in any instance, unless the projected
work is of acknowledged national im
portance. I am jstrongly, inclined to
the opinion that it is inexpedient and
unnecessary to grant subsidies of either
description, but should Congress deter
mine otherwise,llearnestly recommend
that the - rights of settlers and of the
public be made effectually secured and
„protected by appropriate legislation. '
During the year ending September
30, 1870, there were flied in the Patent
oflice 19,411 applications for patents,
3,374 caveats, and 160 applications for
the extensio 1 of patents. 13,622 pat
-1
ents, , including re-issuee and designs,
were issued, 110 extended; and 1,083 al
lowed, but not issued, by reason of the
nom-payment of, the final 'fees.. The
receipts 'of the ofilee during the fiscal
year were $136,304 T.') in excess of its
expenditures. " ,
The Work of the Census Bureau has
been energetically prosecuted. The
preliminary report, containing much
information of special value and inter ,
est, will be >ready for delivery during
the, present session. The remaining
volumes will be completed with all dis
patch consistent:with perfect accuracy
in arranging and classifying thereturns.
We shall thus, at no distantday, be fur- !-
nished with an authentic record of our
condition and resources.' It will, I do
not' doubt, attest the growing prosperity
of our country, although \ during the de- ,
cade which has just closed it was so
severely tried by the great war waged
to maintain its integrity and to secure
and perpetuate Our free institutions.
During the tis't fiscal year the „sum
paid -to pensioners, including the cost
of disbursement, wa a $27,780,811 11,
and 1.758 bounty land warrants were
issued. At its Nose, 198,680 names were
on the pension rolls. The labors of the
pension office bade been directed tothe
severe scrutiny of the evidence submit
ted in favor of new claims, and to the
discovery of fictitious claims which
have been heretofore allowed. The ap
propriation for the employment of spe
cial agents for the' investigation of
frauds, has been judiciously used, and
the results obtained have been of . un
questionable benefit to the service.
Thesubjects' of education and- agli
cultur i
are of great interest to the suc
cess of our republican institutions,. our
happiness and grandeur as a nation.—
In the Interest of one a bureau has been
established in the Interior Department
—the bureau of education ; and in the
interest of the other, a separate depart
ment, that of agriculture. t believe
great,general good is to flow from the
operations of both these bureaus, if
properly fostered. .
T cannot, colum en d to your considera
tion too hiahly the reports of the Com
-missioners of Education and Agrie,ul
ture, nor urge too strongly such hherill
legislation as to secure their efficiency.
In conclusion, i would sum up the
Policy of the tahoinit,tration—to be a
thorough enforcement of every law ;
a faithful etillect ion of every tax provi
ded for ;—econouty in the d4sbursement
of the same prompt payment of ev
ery debt of the nation ; —a rednetion r of
taxes as rapidly as the requirements of
the country will tulip it ;—reductions of
ey
ng
'ty
ite
axation nod to be so arranged as
to afford the greatest relief to the great
estenumber ;—bonest and fair dealings
with all other peoples—to the end that
war vilith all, the blighting consequen
ces wily be avoided, but Without sur
rendering any right or obligation due ;
to us ;—a reform in the treatment of the
Indians, and in the whole civil
_service
of the country ;—and finally in securing
a pure and nntrannneled ballot; where
every man entitled . tO a vote may do so
just once at each eiection, without fear
of molestation or
,proscription on ac
count of his political faith, nativity or
color. U. S. C 4 8A NT:
Washington, Dec: 5, 1870
A New Human Parasite
t • The medical frrternity of Eliin, Mi
.
pole, are greatly perplexed by the ap
pearance of h new species of parasite
which has recently'eome totlleir . notice
fin. the first time. , Mrs. C; W. Daniels
Was the first victim. Her symptoms
have been carefully examined, and the
results given in detail. Attacked by
what at first appeared to be a malignant
'form of typhoid ' fever, th e doctors
prescribed the necessary remedies, but
without effect. The patient complain
ed of pains in her bones and. soreness
in her flesh.i Mrs. Daniels was nursing
a child, and the doctor, examining the
milk from
,her breast, found it of a deep
dark tinge; and through a microscope
it seemed like the ‘vastings of an ink
bottle, and was found to contain less
than one.tenth as many milk glohules
as t e healthy fluid presents ; and to-be
fill d with countless living animalcii
hc, i tiering in size and shape from any
ha wu species of parasite inhabiting
the human 3 hody, They are hexagonal
iu
,rm, without nead, and varying iu
size TroM the one 'hundred-thousandth
I
to the five-hundredth of an inch in di—
ameter.
The patient grew rapidly worse, and
could get ho relief; Her agony Was'
frightful; she could not inovil uor bear
to have any part of her body touched.
Death,relieved her from her mysterious
agony, and the doctors confess them=
selves puzzled to account for the mala
dy. There was some reason, at first; t
MO
OM