VOLUME IXVII • ME TIOGA MONTY AGITATOR a PUMMELED STUN WEDNESDAY 311DIEBEINO DT . I'AN GELDER & MITCHELL, P. C. Van Gelder. 1 1. 14liehell. OF SUBSCRIPTION INVARIABLY IN ADVANCE, Subacription, (tier year) RATES OE • ADVERTISING, TEN LINER OF MINION OR LEV, IrAuvorts, SQUARE I Blna I 4 Ina I 3Moa I 8 Moa IYr ;Isl.uoe , i $ l O O I $ 9 - 00 I $ 2 , 60 I s s * o o 1 SIM I $12.00 2 Suires, . 1 _2,00 1 3,00 1 4,0 1 8,00 1 12,00 1 18,00 1111C0l...•.. 1 10,00 1 16,00 1.17,00 1 22,001 30,04T1 60,00 25,00 30,00 I 45,001 60,00 1 100,00 Q Special Notices i cents per lino; Editorial or Local '2O cents per line, Trawient adreatising 11138 T be paid for In ttdrance. 4,4 - -instico Blanks, Constable Blanks, Deeds, Judg nt Notes, Marriage Certificates, &c., on band. • I BUSINESS CARDS. Van Gelder & Mitchell, Book, Plain and Fancy Job Pal:acre. All work promptly and neatly ealottted.—Jan. 1, 1870. William A. Stone. Attorney and Counselor at Law, first door above Concern. 4k, Osgood's stoic), on Main street. Wellsboro, June 22,1870 y Smith & Merrick, Attorneys Counselors at Law. Insuyanoe, Bounty and Pension Agency, Office on Main Street, Welleboro Pa, opposite Union Block. Jan. 1. 1870. W. 11. SriTn. Oro. W,MSRRrou. Seeley, Coates & Co. BANKERS, Knoxville, Tine., County,_ Ya.- 7 Iteceivo money on deposit, discount -who; and sell drafts on Nov York City. Collect 13ns promptly made.—Doo. Ib, 1.889-Iy6 Jao. IW. Adams/ Attorney and Counselor at Law, Mansfield, Tioga county, Pa.. Collections promptly attended to. Jan. 1, 1870. Jno. 1. Mitchell, Auurney and Counselor at Law, Claim, and In :mance Agent. Of f ice over Kress' Drug Store, Adjoining Agitater.Office, Wellsboro, Pa. 1, 1870. Wilson Si Niles/ Attorneys and Counselors nt Law. Will attend promptly to business ontrusted to their care in the counties of Tioga and Potter. Office on the Avenue. Jan. 1, 1870. F .W [J. B. Nitts. John W. Guernsey, Attoruoy anti Counselor at Law. All ,business eutrustod to him will be promptlj , attended to. 011ie° 2d door south or kilizlett's Hotel, Tioga, li,ga County, Pa.—Jan, 1,187 U. Wine B. Smith, Fension, Bounty and Insurance Agent. Com m indentions soot to tho above address will ro ,mve prompt attention. Terms moderate, Knoxville, I, 1370. Scyntour S.; Horton, Attorneys and Counselors at law, Tioga Pa. AU business entreated to their care wilt receive prompt attentiof. C. 11, 8 P.YNIOU It W. D. 'rerbeli Co., 1V tiotesale Druggists, and dealers in Walt Paper, Kerosene Lamps, Window Wass, Perfumery, Paints, Oils, .4.e., &la.-Corning-, N.Y. Jan. 1 '7O. D. Bacith, M. D., Physician and Surgeon. Will attend -promptly to lil calls. 011icoon Grafton Street, in roar of the Moat fillVot,llstoro.—Jan. 1, MO. A. M. Ingham, Si. 1).5 11.noeopathiet, (Male al his Residence on the voauo.—Jan. 1, 1870. George Wagner, lAtlor. Shop tirbi. dour north of Roberta Bail ey'a Ilaidware Store. Cutting, Fitting and Re pairing done promptly and well.—Jan. 1,1870, It. E. Wiley, ',haler in Clocks and Jewelry, Silver and Plated Ware, Spectacles, 'Violin Strings, &c. Watch es and Jewelry neatly repaired. Engraving done in plain English and barman.—Mansfield, Jan. 1, 1870. Petroleum House, .Vot field, Pa.,- °co. amen, Proprietor. A new hotel conducted on the principle of live and let livo, for tho accommodation of the public. Jan, 1, IS7O. Hazlett's Hotel, 'Naga, Tiuga County, Pa, Good stabling)ttach e,t, and an attentive hostler always in attend ance. G co. V. Ilazlett,Prop'r.—Jan. 1, 1870. Bill's Hotel ) - , .'e,,ttiebt Borough, Tioga Co., Pa. E. G. Hill, Peopriotor. A now and commodious building with all the modern improvements. ' Within easy drive of the best bunting and fishing hounds in Northern Penn'a. Conveyances furniThed. Terms moderate.—Jan. 1, 1870. Smith's Hotel, 'hogs, Pa., E. M. Smith . , Proprietor. House in g. 0 ,1 condition to acoommodate tho traveling public in a superior manner.—Jan. 1,1.870. Farmers' Rotel. B. MONROE, Proprietor. Thiihouse, formerly, o , cupieti by R. Bellows, is conducted on tem per-ore principles. Every accommodation t.,r man and beast. Charges reasonable. treb 30, 1570.--lt . Union Hotel. Wui. B. Van Horn, Proprietor, We'labor°, Pa r rhii bouse ; ls pleasantly located, and has all tho e , .oveutences for man and beast. Charges tmierate,—May 4, 1870-Iy. To the Citizens of Mansfied AND VICINITY, • ITAK pleasure in announcing to tbo public that I have on band a large and splendid as sortment or • PARLOR AND COOlll STOAT-VS, usoful and Ornamental, widish I am Off.-ring to the public) cheaper than' ever sohl_beforo w bell a good No. 8 Cook Stove with Furniture, f,r $2O. I keep in stook P. P. Paelthatn's pop %lbw Cook. This is said to be tbo best Stove t'.1,10 in ,the United States.L I also keep the Lightning X Cut Saw, the fastest cuffing Saw in the World. jltio man olieturers of this Saw challenge the w!orld under ` 1 forfeit of $5OO that that this is the fastest cub; ling saw wade. ThAnking my friends foj their patronage in ibe Nisi, and hoping still to merit their favor, I atti as ever, grateful( P challenge one and all of the St. v dealers in this county to sell as cheap ac I do Jaquiab, not excel:lC*3d. G. B. K.• Manbrield, Nov. 2, 1870 —3t. C. F. & 0. Moore, Ft- EV En I AND EXCHANGE STABLES wellsboro, Pa. Office and Stables on Water loot, in rear of Court House. They will fur h horses, single or double, with Buggies, r Carriages, at abort notice. Long experience in the business enables the proprietors to announce With confidence they can meet any reasonable de- Aends in their line. Drivers furnished, in:leered and Passengers earriedto any part of the country. Thankful for past favors, they invite oontinninect of eastern. Terms reasonable. N0v.24,1869,1y. 1t74 - 4 ' -4` ‘.• Sri ,, - 4 le -"*" I 'I t • _ lets.ui,so 4 ;r -• ,•,••• . • • • • • • I €l4'it 4 i I" it • . • v • •• • • 1%, , , A " I. , . • " ';; ~ !•7 ; _ ; • . I „ - • $2,00. J. C. lib H.Tt/N G. B. KIPP- 1- New Tobacco atorel- , THE subscriber has fitted up Jhe Store twat door east Thomas Harden's dry t toods store, for the manufacture and sale of CIGARS, (all grades), Fancy and Common j'Af OKING TOBACC o,Michigan Fine Cut , CHEWII I / 4 TG, and all kinds of PLUG TOBACCO, PIPES, and the chai- • test Brand of CIGARS. Oar- Call and see for yourselves. JOHN W. PURIM*. Wollsboro, Jan. I, 1870—tr. Nifeigninery. ' . .e . -, - • f. . r i. :--. :: '.' '3. 11114ndersi g nird hall fitted up,thii;eld Vora. . ' dry building, near the , Browery,VellsborO, an is now propared,to turn out fine calf, kip, ,i Co hide And harness leather in the best man neri., lli ' des tanned on shares. Cash paid for hides. I MARTIAL A. DIIRIF. .Wellsboro, Jan. 1,1810. TIUGA DRUG STORkI. • 13ORDEN keeps constantly on hand: Puce •Drugs and Medicines, ; - Chemicals, Paints and OBS, Lamps, Stptiinw, I(anic:eallOtioris'ac. riikscrutitori - CAREFICIth.Y IbOIiPOUNDED: 11. 11, BORDEN. Tioga s Jan. I s 1870.-Iy. 1170. FOR SALE. 1870. BY • T. B. STONE, (formerly B. O. Wiokh(!reBNurf3pry) A T HIS NURSERY OF FRUIT AN D A NAMENTAL TREES, IN TIOGIA:— 60,000 Apple Trees, i 10,000 Pear Trees. A good supiiii , of PLV,M,I4IA)CiII, ,: RR?. and ORNAMENTAL TREES ..VEHRUIIECERY' The Fruit trees are composed of the choicest varieties, good, healthy, some of thew large and In bearing. Any ono wishing to -get a supply will do wall to call and see my stock before pur chasing elsewhere. r. Delivered at tho depot, Wellsboro, Mansfield, Lawrenceville and Sloss burg, free of charge. All orders promptly filled. Address, T. B. STONE, Tioga, Pa, Tioga, Dec. 8, 1889—ly* PAINTS, OILS ANII BRIMS, For iho Million, at March 16, IS7O-tf rouse j. Lot for &de. • A(3OD nous° and barn, on a lot of two acres, within ten minutes walk of the Court !louse, Wolleboro, is offered for sale. In quiro of John I. Mitchell, EN., Wellsboro. Jan. 25, 1870-tf. MANSFIELD MINERAL PAINT, For salo by Al arch 16, 1 1870-tr HOWARD SANITARY A ID AS SOCIATION, For tho Relief and Caro of We ErringlituA Vol-SRl:mate, an Priori')loa of Christian Philanthropy. ESSAYS ON 111% ERRORS OP YOUTU,and the Fol He of A. in Makin to MARRIAGE and SoCIAL • Evuo NMI Sanitary aid for tlio nttlieted. Sent (yea, in healed envelopes. Address, HOWARD ASSOCIATICN, May 4,1970-Iy. Box. I'. Philudolplikr, Pe. ' and Retiil Wholesale DRUG STORE! 1 By W. C. KRESS... LOTS SPRING GOODS. II MII subscriber will keep on nand at all times j a full stock of DRUGS AND itIiIIICINHS, PAINTS, OILS, 11 Patient Medicines, Ftoring Extract's,' Orfritniry; rerOsene, amps, Wicks, Dye colors, White Wash Lime and Brushes, Varnish . and Sash Brushes, Window Glass ,all sizes, Varnish of all 1 • kinds, Fancy 'Soaps, Hair Oils, ' SPECTACLES, Hair and Tooth Brushes, a full stock of Yankee Notions; also actrthiint4,-"'"L Homoeopathic ,Medicines, and a full stook of Pure Wines and Liquors. llayers are requested to call and examine pri ces before purchasing elsewhere. Apr. 20, 1870 CORNING JEWELRY STORE I A. D. tDUDLEY, 41 • • Watchmaker and Jew,eler., A largo assrtment of • %V AtellE° JEWELRY SILVER'''PLATED WARE, CLOCKS AND' FANCY 000DS•t“ '71t49- Engraving done in nny.etyle.' '• Corning, D4;O. 15, 1889.- A. 1. AUDLErt, I y. No. 10, Market J. STICK LIN, ahairmaker, Turner, and Furniture Dealer. SALE ROOM and FACTORY opposite Dartt'a wagon Wm. Main Street, where he is pre pared to furnish Cabinet Wrire's4 any kind to those in-wady. Orders promptly filled and d atisfactiotignaran• teed. Fancy Turning done to order, • Wellsburo:Jan.-1,1870. STICKLIN, E. H. Harris' 9 , ELEBRATED BAKING POWDERS for auto by Feb. 2:1870 P. R. WILLIAMS .t CO;; CALL AND SEE that large stock of wall pa per, selling off at cost, at P. R,. WILLIAMS & CO'S. Wallaboro, May 25,1870. For Sale. . . A //GUS); AND , LO,T. - 7 -1 91, 4 9 1 3/pliis I sore---- 401. on Niisliot s St. Alia) iiisti7Syear 41d Ham iltonian colt, new buggies, ono sulky and harness. R. C. BAILEY. Ootober 19,1" - - .870.-tf ,f 4'l - -;i:.:,• . ;;i ;,!.,!.,,,. i".Jt . '•., ',.'i',33,1 W. C. KRESS W C K REM. a a W. C. TRESS WEILSBOI HAAr1871:74,4 SAMUEL LIEN, Armstrong Linn, I ATTORNEYS-AT-LAW, WILLIAMSPORT; PENN'A. Aug. 4, 1869-Iy. MI JEWELRY s STORE: WELL SBOitO, PA. ANDREW FOLEY, who has long been estab lished iin the Jewelry busi ness in Wollsboro, has al- MI AC7:: I l° AtiL ways on sore, various kinds and prices of AMERICAN WATCHES, GOLD OR SitirEß; . Cl RY, GOLD CHAINS; PINS, PENCILS, C! STEEL PENS, SPOONS,. RAZE TED WA =I SEWING' M . - 8 9teAc. With most other articles usually kept in such tablishment, which is sold low for ' C A S H. Repairing dono neatly, and promptly, and on short NOTICE. A. FOLEY. January 5 1 1870-1 y State Noroil School, MANSFIELD, PA PAM, TERM beginslSepl. 7, 1870. WINTER TERP, begins Dec.l2, 1870. SPRINQ TERM beginslllarab 27,1874 For Catalogueadmission apply to 1 0NA.% H. - VERRILL, A. M., Mansfield, July 8, 1870. Principal. THE OLD "PENNSYLVANIA HOUSE" ir t LATELY known as the Townsend House, :andr _foa• time occupied by , day, has been thoroughly refitted, repair ed and opened by . , . 'DANIEL T.IVX Q, ROE,_ who'will bq „ happy. to acs,omniodate the :old friends of the - Itense'et'very reasonable rates - . -, • . , - ),,Eiug. ?•41.870.• ) DANIEL , MONROE. . • )r'oqfs.! , •lffarble-r. Works, fi • • - • THE findersigned , • is..noFf PrePor4W cute all ordersloiT'oinb Stogos and liform., merits of either • ITALIAN OR RUT. ! MARBLE, e of the latest style and a proved workmanship and with dispatch. He keeps constantly o; Marble and will be able to vor him with their orders, as can be obtained in the Tioga,Jan. I,lB7o—tf insurance -HAND -11 HAND: MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY Office, No. 112 S. 4tl) St., Philadelphi Incoriorated Chart'd Capit me py,er , F 3 11 ry Stock-arid. Blutunl ) -bo Praire. Suppsse a;l3eD boroptiny; and, ever, (way after ten year el r.eaujobt. pay Jongor, an gono and your money "Iland.lN . HAND," all O'I:STA Übe This company which popular and successful panioe, grants policies both wi b and without Traveling Priveleges.unrestricted. 1 All policies aro incontestiblo after oner - pea from an ,y pith° orilinaty causes 4.--. I -ke• • - " :. v . '.. -- tV -----' ' Molt fd'yintr . tire ifitsviiiiiiee. - 'llium: examine the following Comparative Table. It is some limes alleged by Agents of ether Companies th i rd the Company they represent is safer than others. 'While we utittesitatingly.assewLeur belief-in the soundness and stability skiall vonipasties; voidet. 'site to preeein tho,follesfiugioi the inspection of thtise desiring to Insure: i '' The follewiniketunpaUlesciCetnpare,the!annwal premiums charged by each for au insurance on life at the age of 30 years, payable at death: I A mmal premium Ten an anal fur life. 1 , 1%3111mi1e. Travelers' .•. • • $116,8'1 $33,21 Etna,'l2,73 42,80 s Home, .. ..... 13,30 50,00 Equitable, 4,70 :46,97 W ash iugton, ......2, / - 0 46,97 Hand-in-Hand, 16,50 'l°, 60 , - If niiict already insured tithe a'-policy with the . - fsIIA:ND-lisT.ll/110." I 1 tha4nift Mutual Compalty in the United States. . : .. I ..,' A. 4. ,AlNiii.o F, Agent, Wetlsbord. 1 : Offtee v?itb Jao..l.ig Wn he. , ... tr Zl. .., Aug. l'i x 1879.-4. . .; -A -- , • .... , . ' _..,.........--....-------.-.- VI THITE LEA V and PAINTERS' MATERIALS OF ALL KINDS, for sale cheaper than at any other establishment in Tioga county. at j 1 P. R. WILLIAMS 414. CO'.q • rlon:e and Lot and Nine Acres of ,Land..for • - fillißLliS WILLIAMS, arm; fur sate X..) louse and lot on r Main street, Wellsboro, and slx acres of land near the cemetery. l'ici quirolof 'Joseph Williams, at the Wellsboro fotub dry.. ; I Nov. 9,1870 a . . Farm jfor Irlst'kanningtiin, nen the Limo Kiln, 3 miles from Nelson, containing 65 acres, 50 improv ed for ft. 300 J. W. TUBBS, Lawrenceville. StipX . : . 2§;:lB7oi-3131' 1 New Photograph \ Gallery. NARAMORE would respectfully, an flounce to the , pcople of Wellsboro and vicinity that he bas relopened the rooms former ly occupied by 11. C. Ring, over Eastman's den tal rooms, and is t preptred:to-mo r ker,!' ALL STYLEs.or ' rwitrais known to the art. Please call and examine spe cimens. Nov 16, 1870 F tf I I q i - - IL"ugg; JEW-Et. KEYS, RINGS, • SES, GOLD & THIMBLES, IRS, pLA. E 33 ~~ EEO band both kind's of suit all who may fa on as reasonable terms country FRANK ADAMS Insurance I etOrs 23, 1867. i 'al 5300,000. $1,000,006 00 imbining Secutity with Su red An 'a Ilfrom any oattso.., - whilf: fy payment) you do not if dio—yucir insurance is 'wasted: NoVso id 'tbe Polieied are NON Foa ranks among the most I Lifo Insurance Cora on all desirable plans, pro6ts. 1 , LINSEED 01 'px.;' 'w:ADNEsbAy goat' Corner. WISMNO. ,, , - I BASE, !Of nitannyiem6ts the:whid, From logio down to fishing, f 'l l hortklin't ono that you can find So verycheap as, "wishing;" A l'ery choicetl ivc: ra ion, too, - : If we but rightly - use it, And not, an vie ire' apt to do, Previnlit r and cameo it, . - T Wish=ja &Manion vrisb; indeed: 7 — My purse was somewhat falai, That I might, oheer,tbe child of need, eked, not my pride t-o_is.tter; Tliat I might. maie oppression root As:only good oan_inako it, And break: the tyrant's rod of steel, , - • only gold' can break it. • aynpathy:and lore, Anderery - burnan pELABICiI? .That has its,oriiin above, Ronld aline and, keep in fashion; That scorn, and jealousy, and hate, And- every-base'emotion, Were burled:fifty fathoms deep Beneath'tke ivaree'of ocean ! I wish that friends were alviays true, And motives always pure; I wish the good were not so few, I wish the band were fewer; ;:,Icsvifill.thatintraons-ne'or forgot To heed their pions teaching; I wish that practicing was not So different from preaching. I wish that inesle4 worth might be Appralied with truth and candor; I wish that innocence was.free From teachery and slander; I wish that men their vows would mind, That women ne'or were rovers; I wish that wives were always kind, And husbands always lovers. tcf-, Vtioreliantigto: Wading. [From the New York Ledger.] Public Improvements in Pennsylvania BY - HON. SIMON CAMERON ; Any one will see, wh will take the ,trouble to read the debates on the loon -lion of the national capital, that the decision of that questiofi seems to have been made solely with reference to a eonnection-of- tbe Fas with the then great wilderness of the West. All the sagacious men, then in public life look ed forward to the time when the West, With its wonderfully productive soil brought under subjection by industry, would exercise a controlling influence on the destiny of the country. Colum bia, in the State of Pennsylvania, was at one time within one vote of becom ing the site of the capital ; and Ctermn town,,neae, and now a part: ;of. Phila delphia, was' actually decided on as the proper location by a majority of one.— The first of these was favored because it was believed to be a faVorable point frenn„w bleb begin a slack-water route to Germantown, situated near the Schuylkill, was chosen for the Same reason. All looked forward to a system of canals which would accom- PIISFITUISThiSirtbIe Objea;"Mii.reiperi. ence has fully , demonstrated their wis ilOiri in'that great'design. Abdtit• 1700, Oeneral Washington and the great fi nancier, Robert Morris i traveled on horseback from Philadelphia to the S — ;usquehanna river; with;a view of de ciding whether a canal could be built over that route. Shortly aft - erthis, some gentlemen near Philadelphit,tnctually began buil 19g to the West, did some work on the eastern end, built 'one or two locks on the dividing, ridge near Lebanon, and for want of syfricie,n,t fonds tirid'hnbw. ledge of the subject the work stopped. The money expended on the enterprise was lost. But the regressive men of tile eoun- try k .4geping their minds on 'the sub- Sett,:centitibed to agits i te the, popular mind upon it till 1820, NtOeutliti _Legis lature of - ,Pennsylvania chartered' thg 'nion canal 'company, and appropria tgd one znil,llon, dollars to; cOn isOu'ctiofi: few y i eara‘l4e: nalt!al Nkills - conl i plpteclbet‘yeentlieifiuyilr,lll and the . Althaiigh.,fery small, thA t lrnproVemen't 'gkeat dgal of good. But the mOst..eiemarka ,,bfe thing.fkbont.it, ivas its Unpopularity withlife to asses. Not OnlY , ,the mem bers of the General AsSetnbly who passed the hill; but Governor - ,lieister,. o : signed - the, ,fiiet .ofincotpOfationi vore driven from oflice`at,l4:ke-IliSt , op 7. pnrtunity legally presented for testing p:ilhlloppiPton, and the,party:to :wh i lch" ent.into reintimber Well what- iv mighty mum a million of dollars th - en seemed to be; and the politleal r'evolittion effused by this appropriation showed nle, that the idea of jts,y.sts . f . „,Oess ..was not confined by any meahe to elf., .„. !I..lo,alll'grgat, projects intended for the , public: good, that of internal im- tovewent progressed. ,In 1823, tho'N.' York - :canal- 7 1 y7,1?icki Bail `been pushed throUgh against , the prejudiced Opposi tion-of the people,i by thegenius Of De W,ltt'Clintod—WitS - OpenSd., Its snecesS eaused l a„ravolutfoit in,Lhe public mind all "OVe - r_The 'Co rY. - ,The pilbet was 89 ni,arked in thiS 'State, .tbat ,in 1825 '4, ConvOntion ;was Called' to.-consider the subject. Every county in the State was represented, belleve'... That:body pro nounced in favor of a grand system of pnblioworks, -which _should not only connect the East and the West, but al ici; the waters of the Susquehanna S with tile great lakes, th:e Westand,thoNorth west. Appropriations were ricoinmen ded to the amount of. three . millions of dollars, and in 1826, I think, the :Work This sum - seemed to be enor= Imous iiud , the 'estimates of the engl ,neers reached a total of six ,millions of dollars. Meeting an ardent friend of the,sys tein one day; be deelated, Witt a audit of that, magnitude enfild:, - never be expen ded on these worii\tenture&tO re ply, with_ great deferlinee to his age and experience, that I thought it would be insufflelept, and before they Were enin ;pleted -I-would not be- surprised if ten million).dollars .would be found neces-: IjootingltOne,steadily for a few moments,, he'eloSed, the conversation by exclaiming, ."Young_ , man, you are a !" I was thuS left in, full'pos-, seisinn,qf ,his,oplainif,ofme. - But after we bad spent $41,698,694 74 in the eon. itieSe'ffniorks, I fotind my estimate — of his judgment -was singu laity in harmony 'With "lily opinion of biti , "PnlitebeSS. ' candor never doubted.," , „, , Our - systetti,of - canals was eompletad p and the benefits derived` fronli: them' were incalculable. When .thy were ommeneed our state was poor. In- *.QIkNING:, NOVEIIEMR 30, 1870. EMI , a rir p r,4:O rs 4 uTte , u I. w s :a t e it: l ti - g, fli T e e li n it e l t? t i . iv n . te f s r e e n p h 9 n a p g ti e e o n o rt . f ,era y diffused.,,Aenutact.tirers OM gl !;' weakly arcing. . Work was not plentitui. Wages were low,. When itlies{ wernlinished, the busy him of in 41fietry Was heard on every hand. Our I ,popnlation had groWn until we num %Orel millions. 'Ottr iron ore beds were - Yielolng their ! precious boards for ha :trpe use. , Coal mines, unknown or Ilealeas'untirmeans, were• provided for ,a 6 treii raiding their wealth to market, !ii ;1 sent millions of tons in every di 'reat on., Progress In every, walk of ad vapeed civilization was realized, and ;We were on the high roadto permanent pregferity. But in the mean time a ,iteivii Red better means of conimnnica lion had been ;discovered, and the buil- Idl g of railroads quickly reduced'the iv ne of our canals;' and the works we On completed, at so much cost and with gityli infinite labor, were , suddenly su nereeded. We lost nearly all the mo evlthey had, cost us, but !the' invest , • vox was wisely made.., The return to pu9Stete war many times greater thati the outlay. , , i , la the Conl i ferition. of, 1825 there , were , pv,a gentlemen who voted for railwaYs instead of canals. One was Professor Vetheke, of IDickleeon College,. Car !Bele, arid the Other was Jacob Alter, a nifiii 'of very; little education, but of str o ng understanding. The Professer , was`looked upon titre dreamer, and was eueiposed to fluty° led hisTollege astray in Ind vagaries. ;13ift'. they-both !lilted fe see railroads extended'over. the whole ' weeld. ; !: ; , e i .. , :; !, ~,es a part of our eyeitem,of.public•line preMenlet tS, ewe, be il t' ! ,a , rail matt from the , Delaware] to the Susquellan na, from Phßadelphia te, ! CialuMbia, and one from the eastern haseOf the.Allegbany mouh tami tell:Ai IVeikiterni base: 'They were . , Originally ititendeel'Ao be used' with horse POwei2; Tn i the 'mean time, the aiAlltea'd sY . 4tem Bat=h en commenced, nd the Penbsylvania.'railroad; under the charge ;of a man of . extraordinary bility, J. Edgar Thompson, was rape Vly pushed to completion. Another great railwaY,, the Philadelphia . and Ileadingi cyas built to earry, anthracite float ,from tilieSehuylkill mines to mar ket., 41. railread was also hunt on each aide oe,the Lehigh river, that another pareof r ptieccial territory Might find a hiarket lu New York. .Another was huilt from the north branch of the Sus itielianna, connecting with 'the New york roads, and leading to,thc northern coal field. ' .Ani . i yet another was built along 'the Susquehanna, through' the sPrithern eel basin to the city pe,Belti more. T 1 e total' cost tif these' roads; independint',Of the Pennsylvania rail road, was $95,250,418 iO, as shown , by ;official rports. Their earnings - last 1 year is on cially given at $24,753,065 32. each ofthese was forced to contend with difliulty and prejudice. All were unpopular, and all were looked upon Stith suspicion until they actually forced their usefillfrss on the public mind.— Those who had made the fight for ca fial were) fOrced to go over the whole geeeerike-Le ain.-for .railroads, and theiel gonble victory is greater• then ta......... cells gen4ally vouchsafed to the pio neers,in any cause. These roads, with the Pennsy lvania railroad and the les ser ones of Improvement running th ro' the' coal region, cost over $207,000,000! The Reading railroad will serve to il lustrate the struggle of these great schemes.', Its stock, now worth over par, once igoid for twenty cents on the dollar; and* one time it was forced to sell its bonds at forty cents on the dollar to Pay operating expenses. The vindication ;of the sagacity of the pio neers in theo great euterprises is com plete. All these lines are noW profita ble. It has been demonstrated every where in the United States, that every new railroad creates the business from which its Stockholders receive their dividends. It seems there ore scarcely possible to fix a limit toour profitable railroad expansion. ~.They! open up new fields of enterprise, and this enterprise, in turn, makes the traffic which fills the coffers of the companies. I cannot now look back to the strug gleto impress the people with the ad vantages oflrailways, without a feeling of weariness at the seemingly hopeless struggle, and one of • merriment at the general unbelief in our new Jangled project. Once, at Elizabethtown, in this State, a public. meeting had been called for the purpose of securing sub sdriptious to the stock of the Harris burg and Lancaster railroad. This road Was intended to complete the railway between Philadelphia and Harrisburg, 105 miles. ,A, large concourse had gath ered. Ovi'dF. JohnsoU, Attorney Ge n - . eral of oue State, and a brilliant orator, made an excellent speech ; but the ef fect Seas not in proportion to the effort. I determined to make 'an appeal, and I 'gave such 'arguments as I ! could. In closing, I predicted that tnen were now listening to me who would see the day when a man could breakfast in Harris - -burg, go to : Philadelphia, transact a fair 1 day's .business there, and; eeturning, eat his supper at home. Gre't applause followed this, and some add it ional sub scriptions. Abeam Harnly, a friend of, the road, and one of the niPst intern-, gent of his 'olds, worked his way to me, and taking , me aside, whispered to me, " that was a good idea about going to)Philadelphia and back to Harrisburg the same day ;" and then, bursting' Withlaughter; }Wadded, "but you and -}- know better than that!" We both lived 'to see the' road built; and now people can come and go over the dis taece twice a day, which Abram seem ed' to consider ,impossible for a single daily trip. .The peculiar condition of the States then knoWn UN " the West," was the subject of anxiety tot any. They bad attracted 'a large po elation, but the people weie'exelnsiv ly devoted to ag riculture. 1 Lacking ii . diversified indus try, they! were without accumulated wealth to enable them to build rail ways; uor were the fal.tates in a condi tion to undertake such au oner•ms du ty, although several of them made a feeble attempt to do so. At one time the bonds of Illinois:issued to raise mo ney to build her canals, sold as low as thirty cents on• the dollar. So with In diana. Both those States were suppo sed to be bankrupt. It became there fore an' Important problem as to how means of communication should be sup plied to the people, of the West. Con gress, in ;1846, gave a grant' of land to • aid in buildiug a railroad in Illinois.— Every alternate Section was given to - the company,• and each 'alternate sec :tion was reserved by the government. The road was built; and the one-half of the land retained by the government lee her .., - - , sold for a great - deal "mire money t ,an all was worth before tin,' road was 40n.- . it [i structed. ' This idea Was 'origin I, I, ,think, \Vial" Mr..'2V,liitney, 0(11 sea- chusetts, 'who - S*4lol*o winters in the ;city of WaslitiOni; about'lB4s, - en e.w. 'voring to indlicetfongresa to adopt, hat plan for the construction of a ,trans continental railway. He died before `seeing his scheme succeed., Others have `,built a road across the continent on the icentral route. Another on 'the north ern•route is now progressing, and the ;wealth andienterprise of those having it iii.chargsi render its completion. cer tain. And' it yet remains for us to giv to the people of the southern - TOute_a road to the Pacific, which shall pianos "too have been so apparently good, in the begin ning, that they. who really sought good instruments have been beguiled into their purchase in consequence of their extraordinary cheapness. But time tests the Piano as . nothing el3e can. These showy, cheaply made, low priced pia nos have had their day ; and, although 'the money expended on them his, in m instances, more than thrown al —they halug proved themselves teachers— f t here is little doubt but 1 on the whole ,they have done gOod. They have created a market. It is dif ficult to convince many people, who purchase a piano for the first time, that there can be much dilligence in the cost ol man nfacture between a piano that is actually not worth house room anti one that is good. Six months _or a yeai tells the story. The cheep piano is a fraud and "the purchaser knows It and he is ready for something better. It is our object in this article to say something of lilt better piano and its manufacturer. l ' A number of years ago,. we do not now just how many Mr, GieorgeSteek-: use to this .countrY from Gertnani,. hero he had been employed as a work sump a piano mannfactery. As he vas a master workman, ho found no lifilculty in obtaining employment, i,j,ith one of the best American mans : t turers. He continued working as a j urnoyman until 1857. ,The financial s orm which swept over the county t: at year affected seriously , the piano t ade, and Mr. Steck found the amount o wages he was ireceiving unsatisfact ory, and so determined to begin bus iness far himself. This was the occasion of the Steck piano. It began in neces sity. Mr. Steck believing himself thor oughly competent to :construct a first class piano, in every part, gathered to gether the materials and completed a single instrument, every part of which he made with Ids own hands. This he sold at once, and, with the proceeds, purchased the material for two more. And so, from this small and seemingly Insignificant beginning, has grown up' the magnificent business of George Steck & Co., who have the reputation to-day, among musical critics, for con structing the piano par excellence. In saying this we wish to be distinctlyun derstood as saying that the Steck pla i n() has no superior; . more than this, it has uo rival. 1-Ipssibly other pianos can be found that when nett are equally as pure in tone,' equally as well balanced, and for the time equally good. Among the many 'difierent manufactures there may one or two that will compare, when new, with, the Steck. But, as we said before, time is the true test,, and we know of no other piano, that, like the old Cremona violin, grows better With use. Said a•gentleman recently: "My daughter has just i•eturned from Europe where She availed herself of every Musiciilopporttpityt. Seating her-, self the other day ,Itt, the piano and playing a few moments, she tulrned a round abruptly .an 'Said,' Pa, I have, heard no piano in all my travels like ours.'" That instrun tit had bedn in constant rise live yeas. )Robert Gold beck, o f the Chicago Conservatory of Musie,.says: ' "Greatly pleased and satisfied as I am with their beautiful tone—so deep and powerful in the bass, speaking and sym pathetic! in the middle, "brilliant and, ringing in the treble—l consider it a -- circumstance of no inferior importance that they have resisted so nobly!, and 'with full success, the trying influences of constant use by a very large number of players. They have lost nothing in' the quality of their tone, and the action is as good now as it was at first; that is to say, quick, elastic; responsive and rf:l bible." , I 1 , . Probably the ton St. notable feature of the ,‘p'teck piano is its sUrpassingl purity of tone. All manufakurers desire to achieve this; but rarely do they, suc ceed. Purity of tone is obtained by so construetign'the action that the vibra tioos produced by the concussion of the hammer shall riot be unequally tlistrib toed. It is possible to maken thousand experiments for the accomplishment n fif this purpose and fail at last. , Even lir tine, w ere to attempt duplicating one of ejr.rp.oo/Z4l or Mr. Steinway's Oates he would ,fai I ; because the iron itnntracts under .'lletit,; 'and" if one pointl is not right, into the thousandth part,,ef an inch the labor is in vain: The difference between a pure and an impure tone can be demonstrated by a practieal test. .Take for instance au old .Cremona vio lin,. Heard in an ordinary room, beside a IllOti l Frll instrument, it sounds weak, perha s, by the eomparispn. But sit iii the remote owner of the huge opera (house Yon heal' the 'old Crenuano, eve ry note, but you cannot hear with any d sfinetness its rival There isithe saute ailferenee that onti finds in pub lic speakers. One ; with only a medium voice, you can hear and understand on the re. mote edge of ct crawd of teat thous and people, while another, who posseA es a powerful voice, is utterly unin telligible. NOW, if you take a Steck piano and place it in the parlor, it does not . deafen and overpower you with sound ; and place the sanie instrument ] in the concert roomand its notes are heard distinctly"fo the remotest parts. Some pianos have ; a great 7etiTiower ing tone: Stand 'or a little not and you perceive it to be noise, not music. I The Steck piano is admirably bal anceil: The treble is not buiied 'by a powerful base and middle part., The three are in harmony. Then there is one-feature which distinguishes them from all others., A few. years ago a de vice was employed for preventing at upward movenr6nt of the strings caller the agralre. Instead of thji string passing over a bridge, it is made to pasla through a pin anchored into the plate. Mr. Steel: co, ' nceiVed the idea Of anclir ming these pins intb a, plate or bell metal, and the resultA have been very fortunate as' a peculiar resonance is produced that is to be found in nolother instruments. The ogiVie is employed throughout, in the upright, the parlor grand, the grand pianos, a ,d in the treble of the square pianos. •For a long time it wits regarded as somewhat singular by Mr. Stock's ad mirers that ho was unrepresented . _ at the-Paris Exhibition. Those who knew -the man, and how conscientiously he ,hail worked, knew also that -he had nothing to tear, but everything to gain by competition with American and European manufacturers. All, that is necessary to be said, at this late day, is the simple statement that Mil. Steck applied to.thecommissioners for room to; exhibit his pianos six months before the •exhibitimf and his request was granted. As the time approached he was. inforine, by the commissioners that the l'oont was all taken up. There was space for nine iiianos, and one New fort: monufacturer was granted room for live, and a lipston manufact urer room for four. It is not difficult to see how the thing was done. A moug recent improvements in piano -1;011e Manufacture •INir. Steck has given us a perfect American upright. The upright piano, so long popular in Europe, has never• beoi a success with 419 ;- for,while it could be imported for a less cost than it could be manufactured for hen., itins failed to stand in, our changeable 'climate. After traveling extensively in Europe, visiting all the principle manufactories. Mr. Steck re turned and Set:ll,ola the work of pro thicing au upright piano that should combine all European excellencies in depth and purity of tone,while at the same time they should, like his other instruments, be found to improve with use. That he has been successful is 'evident at oaceiby compairsOn of the " ay bad hat NUMBER 40. , - Steck upright with those of say Other manufacturer in -this country.l ,it.'New York paper in speaking of this instru ment says : "The,Steck Boudoir ;con sists of three distinct parts: the ease, - the body, and action, al of whichi are separately constructd, nd . will Unite . perfectly t o f orm any "e n instrument. That is to say, the bod and action will ‘._ fit any case at will. T 1 ere.is an econ omy of manufacture in this idea 'which tells 'very satisfactorily to the purchase when the price of the piano is named. The body consists of two distinctive frames, or plates, which firmly sustain the whole fabric. The immense strain of the strings, which are fastened to the inner ono of these plates, is relieved, or counteracted by the opposite tension of the outer frame, which rikessarilY secures to the instrument the, ewer of - standing In tune for au l usual erlod; The stringing is effecte lon the' "rand" principle, three et I gs, and te affairs being used ton bout the scale. The area of the sun board is greater than in any "Square,! l and the vibration seems freer. The tone pro duced, is of the noblest qualityL7full,' musical, singing, and possessing ' all the exquisite timbre of the finest Icon c."ert grand. The ear is astonished by the volume and superb quality of tone produced from this smallest of , the piano -forte species. We really see no weak peint in Mr. Ste k's newly pat- ' ented improvement. Its effects are marvellous. II i s sue ess l's the very first l inove towa Ids redeeming; the •dis carded boudoir is indee4 surprising, and the result N ill be .11s,tithe demand for Square . 1 1anos will lessen under the strong competition of the l instrument that is now becowe its inimical super ior." 4. 1-t In conelbsiou we desire to say that Mr. Steck's popularity is maintained e l t by the same means th t originally gave him success. He giv his personstat tention to' lan thede lls of his vast business. As many pi nos are turned out as it is piissible to turn out per fect iu every part, and no more. If he is behind five hundred orders he does not hurry. A workman who slights his work in the least degree is immedi ately discharged, and the best than that can be found is put iu his place. And 'so the firm goes quietly forward, ,in creasing their manufacturing facilities only as they ?an do. erfect work, While in 'every peailefill home where a Steck i piano finds a'place theme iii established an advertising centre. The pure liquid ripple'of a Steck will satisfy any neigh borhoodas to who is professor of the rightful claim for Whig the best piano maker. WeknowAoott.age ilia pleas- , ant suburb of Chicake where a .tlteck has been in bonstant use for four years. The children practice on it six hours each day rellarly. The mother is an amateur and music IS the order of the evening. Standing in the shrubbery - any evening, near 'the house, listening to the tide of melody:borne out on the ,summer air, you wotild not hesitate in pronouncing your opinion that the piano was fresh from the,manufacturer. • Prof. I. G. HOYI`, Agent, Mansfield; Pa. [Fur tho Agitator.) ro A VISIT W-EST, NO, 2. • MA NSF I E Nov'. 15, 1870. :--The ears in due time whirled us to Freeport, where we ar rived at about four o'clock. The after noon was rainy, and the city looked sad and gloomy. I asked the depot agent how long before there would be a train to Ilocford, and lie replied, "not till eight o'clock this, evening." So I tho't I would stroll about the city and see what was to be seen. Freeport is a large place, and has much business. It' has . good railroad advantages, which always add much to the prosperity of any place. But I cannot speak very well of its de , pot, for it was the most Why one I found during my journey. The floor and the walls were 4 black as Illinois mud and coal smoke could make them. And the man in charge of the lights allovi'ed those who were waiting for the trains to " sit in darkness" for some, time. At length the gas was liglited,' and if the room bad been in good order, the waiting would not havt been 20 un pleasant. Near where there is being, built anew court house, I saw a monument "to our heroic dead," which is worthy of note. I have not seen one which re flects better taste. It is square, with a projection about fifteen (feet high, on which stand four soldiers in bronze sta tuary, representing tour arms of the service. The monument is built of stone blocks, and I should judge-it wasp about 100 feet high. It is just such d , memento of the services of " our heroic dead" as I would like to s ee in .each of the ,counties of the States. It is put ting into form ideas whleli I have often expressed with reference to the great sacrifices which have been made for thq - perpetuity of our beloved republic.— Why not in Tioga county thus express our esteem of t he services our departed soldiers have rendered their country, in the erection of a similar memento to their memory? Could the county spend a few thousand dollars more to Its cred it? On such a monument, , all the names of "ou herdic dead" would be preser ved in enduring marble, that future generations in igh t read who in -Tioga county died that our cruntry 'might Eight o'clock at last are'', and with it the expected train, an I, with the otlf er waiting travelers, we. took seats in the cars; some destined for this place, and othera for that. But it was a relief at that late hour, to be taken from th`O dark, dingy depot, where most of font' hours had been spent in re-reading old railroad advertisements and conversing with strangers. - And let me here state that the absorbing theme of conversa tion seemed to lie Hans s. There is no State, perhaps, receiving such an influx of population as I.ialistis. There were three families at Freeport bound for that State. Illinois is' doing her share In adding to the population of that new State. I must confess, that from the glowing descriptions I heard of Kan sas and its advantages, II almost got the "Kansas fever," I ' Reel ford is a city I always admired. Its/location is most beautiful, an its business advantages are very ,goo . - Ito* river env's Ilk excellent w ter power, and men of large capital ave improve&rit. It is a place Of uch manufacturing, embracing a large I nge of articies. ! But the largest part ofthis kind of ;busineSs pertains to agriculture, which the lout try supports. The city is built in good taste, and many of its residences are built in the native forest which skirts the banks of Rent's creek.