o..)toga: , golig I F * Publiahed every Weiliesday‘Norning," at 0,00 a year. i nvariably In advance, by COBB & VAN GELDER .. E ease.) (p. C. van (mam. ' . A .r,v - Ez.,..r.tesizsz - Q1- F...4%.'1'3113. tmo. I 3 mo. 6 too. r mo. 1 Iyr I Nutsre .- ..... 5 2 , 50 5,0 J 7,60 10,00 12,00 284 118 r , 5• ...... • 3 • 7 • 5 8 , 00 12.00 15,00 18,00 I—it:ow.= 7;act G.o,cia 15,00 oo,oo 2,5,00 I _2 cAam.._...12,00 20.00 30,00 38,00 45,00 10 01001 D -- 71.• 2(0° s B,BO 48 • 00 86 , 00 00,00 1 Sparel Isaac ' s 0.00-50 cts.eaeh a•eek thereafter. Administrators and I".remators Notices $2,00 each. Beta:tea Cards of flee lines $5,00 per year.. . BUSINESS DMEOTORY, - -- - -- - - w. D. TEIUJELL & CO., WHOLESALE DRUGGISTS, and 'dealers"in Wall Paper, Kerosene Lamps, Window Gases, Perfumery, Paints and Oils, &c., Corning, N. Y., Jan. 1, 1866.-Iy, MIIIi= NICHOLS & VIITCBELL, ATTORNEYS AND COUNSELORS AT LAW Office formerly occupied by James Lowrey, BEI W. A. Mono Ls. Jolla I. MITCHELL. Welteboro, dun. 1, 18138-Iy. WILLIAM IL SMITH, ATTORNEY ? ai.N . D COUNSELOR AT _LAW i ou rance; Bounty and Pension Kgeney,' Main sssst Wellaboro, Pa., Jan. 1, 1868. ' S . F. WILSON. J. 8. Nrtts. WILSON & NILES, ATTORNEYS k COUNSELORS AT LAW, (First door from - Bigoney's; on the Avenue)— Will attend to bosinestkontruste4 to their care in the counties of Tioga and Potter. Washer°, ditn.j,,1.866. • F. W. CLARK, ATTORNET AT LAW—Mansfield, Tioga co., Pa May 9, GEORGE WAGNER, TAILOR. Shop first door north of L. A. Sears's Shoe Shop. Or - Cutting, Pitting, andllepair, iog done promptly and well. Wellsboro, Pa., Jan. 1, 1866.--ly. • JOHN B. SHABSPE A.B(E, DRAPER AND TAILOR. Sloop over Bovren's Store, second floor. ggrentting, Pitting, and Repairing done promptly and in best style. We!labor°, Pa.. Jan. 1,1866—1 y JOHN I. MITCHELL, AGENT for the collection of bounty, back pay and pensions due soldiers from the Govern ment. Office with Nichols and Mitchell, Wells bore, Pa. ran'B6 , _MAAR WALTON HOUSE, Gaines, Tioga County, Pa. - H. C. VERMILYEA, PROPRIETOR. This' is a new botelJneated within sally aucessi the hest fishing and hunting grounds in orth- Qin Pennsylvania. No pains will, be spared for the accommodation of pleasure seekers and the traveling public. Fan. 1, 1866.) Pennsylvania Rouse. AIIARIAH HAZLETT PEOPRIETOH 'FIRS popular hotel has been lately renovated and re ' furnished. and no pains will be spared to renderits hoTitnlities acceptable to patrons., Wellsboro, dray 9,1866. 3. HERVEY EWING, ATTORNEY AND COUNSELOR AT LAW, No. 11 Law Building,—St. Patti St ;Baltimore. REFERrNCES.—Levin (lale, Attoroey , at; Law, Edward Tsrael, Mt) , at Law, Rey. 'McK. Riley. D. D.. Rev. Henry Slicer, D. D., Can field, Bro. & Co., F. Grove A; Ca., Ludwig At geSherry, John F. MeJilton, Esq., Robert Law ton, Esq ,S. Sutherland, Esq. [bir..E . yrk..Na, authorized to transact any businelia appertain leg to this paper in Baltitiore.] Jan. 1, 1866-Iy. TI BACON, M: D., late of the 2d Pa. Cavalry, afar,„ nearly four years of army service, with a, large ei.perience in field and hospital practice, has opened - an o2ce for the practice of medicine and surgery, in all ni branches. Persons from a dist:Knee can find good leardine at the Pennsylvania Hotel when desired— Bill visit any part of the Ste. e , in consultation, or to littfiirni surgical operetloni. No 4, Union Block, up wars ellidioro. Pa, May 2. 1866 —ly. NEW PHOTOGRAPH ,GALLERY.- FRANK SPENCER tab the pleasure to inform the citizens of Tioga equity that they have the best opportunity ever red them, to procure Ambrotypos, Ferrotypes, Gems, Cartes de Visite, Vi4nettess, and all kinds of fancy and popular card, and colored pictures, tt his Gallery on Elmira Street. Mansfield, Nov. 15, '6s—t.f. F. M. SPENCER. A B. EASTMAN, SURGICAL AND _DM UHANICAL • STA Would inform the citizens of Weßehar° and vi mnity, that he has fitted up a desirable suite of icons over John R. Boaren's store, No. 1,-17e ma Block, where be is prepared to execute all curl, in his profession. with a.protoptue•s nod qle that will enable him to oVreephriar induce ment. to those requiring dental operations. All work warranted, nud at reasonable rates. Please call and examine specimens. Wellsboro. March 21, 18613.--tf 111ICIIIT I STRY. C. N. DART T, 11T0O1,1) say to the public that he is permn -11 nently located in NVellehore, (Office at his rwience, near the Land Office and Episcopal Cscrch) where he willvantinue in do alt kinds of sr,se confided to his care, guaranteeing complete mtafaction where; the, skill of the Dentist elm evil! in the management of eases peenliar tn'tbe calling. lie .011 furnish ARTIFICIAti ekon any material desired. FILLING & EXTRACTING TEETH, at..,,ka to on shortcut notice, and done in the best anmFLost apritlYl , 4 lo 4 TEE T/I EX T RICTE tiCtrT CAIN by the the use of Ausesehetics which are per fectly harmless, and will be administered in every case when desired. - Wellsboro, Jan. 1, 1865-Iy. ATTENTION. AOPIIO,a4I{S., • M. B. sun% Kiip , 4l6ge, e t# , kett.'intir , licenitedtginfilrad . Attotn'eq (Dr soldiers and tbeir friends tbrinigbent all tbe Statee,) will prP,,cflifitb,d it l4 o,C ith uu nralled success, , SOLDIERS' CLAIMS AND DUES' °I all kinds. Also, any other kind of claim kgtinbt the Government before any of the De partment., or in Congress. Terme moderate, - All t `•mmanieations cent to the above address will re cove prompt Attention. den., 27, 1866' UNITED STATES HOTEL. .Main Street, Welleboro, Pa. D. G. RITTER, _PRoPtuk.rou. Having leased thi; bole property, lately oecu i red by Mr.: ' , wean Austiu) shelf endeavor to make it truly the traveler's howea+ Personal at ention will be given to the table, and the comfort of guests will be a prime object. The stables will be under the care of an experi tneed hostler. Wellsboro, Jan. 1 , 18 8 6-Iy. • - New Sh4vitsg.an.4ll3air.D.ressing Saloint. RE sobscribers take pleasure in anhounciuL , to' the Pee Pis of Welleboro and vicinity that they have ' , Mit oat Mr. P. F. Stislhlio, late barter and hair '".er etivedisboro, and have fitted tip a neat and Ui Mit t nem aver C. L. ,Willoolis store. where they 4 "raYil be on band to wait on their customers: 2 el they Wilt spare no pains to pleitee, they hope to tLe patronage of the community. i'krtieslar attention paid to ladies' hair-ratting, shrtn• _^ 3o isg. dyeing, kr. Ladies' braids. puffs, swiches, oaths 11 Does tsrls kemon hand, or made to order, zr. - Jonamot. April 24, 11.08.4 y VOL. XIII. WFLLSBORO HOTEL (Corner Main Street and the Avenue.) WELLSIIOIIO, PA. B. B. HOLIDAY, Proprietor. T HIS, Is one of the' moat popular Houses iti the county. This Hotel is the principal Stage-house in We'labor°. Stages leave daily as follows :' I=l For Tioga, at 9 a. m.; For Troy, at 8 a. m. 4 For Jersey Shore every Tuesday and Friday at 2 •p. m. 4 For. Coudersport, every Monday and Thur9doy at 2 p. m. iST.A.GES Artatvg—From Tioga, at 12 1-2 o'clock p. m.: From Troy, at 8 o'clock p. m.: From Jer sey Shore, Tuesday and Friday 11 a. in. From Coudersport, Monday and Thursday Ii a. m. • • N. O.—Jimmy Cowden, the well-known hest.; ler, willpe found on hand, • -Wellshoro, Jan. 1, 1866-Iy. - - C. F. SWAN, ~. A GENT for the Lycoming County Inanrance 41. Company, at Tioga, Pa. Jane 5, 1866.-3m* NEtiP DRIIG STORE. -,•.1 Dr: W.: W: *EMS & BRO. Have ,opened a. Drug. and Chemical. store, on Main Street, Ist door below Hastings, where they intend to keep a full assortment of DRUGS AND A good article of Medicinal Liquors and Wines. t Prescriptions carefully prepared.' Medical advice given free of charge. • ' Wellshciro, Nov. B.:•ty. NEW FIRM & NEW GOODS AT TIOGA BORDEN BRO'S Would reapettftdly. announce , tcti”all where ,4t may concern," that they Jutep ,itonetantly op hatid a large and 'well selected 'assortment of •DRUGS AND PAINTS, Oils, GLASS AND WALL PAPER; DYE STUFFS, FAMILY DYES, LAMPS, GLASS WAKE, ENVELOPES, SCHOOL BOOKS, 'WEitel4fS,j Tea, Coffee, Spice, Pepper, Gin ger, Sateraths, Starch, - TAIT 'AND 'WASHING SOAPS, and an endless variety of YANKEE NOTIONS. Tioga, Pa , Oct. 4, 1865-Iy*s. - MRI - 1 , 15. A. 3. SOFIEI.D has.just return'el from New York with a full assortment of ladles' fancy goods and millinery in every style. Toilet articles, of the pu rest and best finality. Meng Druoßr.ST'S perfumes. powders, &e., which nu lady will do without after once using A nice variety of white goods. consisting of hosiery corsets, handkerchiefs, collars, cuffs ac, A new style of Garibaldi cloth, which is most des' MEI Uead-dresses awl dress caps, infant caps and bats Bonnets and bate repaired to order ' Mrs. Softeld will continue to receive goods from N. York (luring the season, end hopes to please a❑ her cue tomera. Wellsboro, May 9,1866. ENERAL AGEN,I_DX,2B Lake, street, Elmira. Local agents supplied at factory prices, and ne • agents wanted fur unoccupied districts. Alta?, a large stock, of machine findings. For circular,' sdaress ' THOS. JOHNSON, _ General Agent of G. & 13. Sewing Machines, Jane ,13, 1868—tf 28 Lake st., Elmira, N T. New: ,Drug, Store. , • R& GILISEHT . haVe opeied a Drug and - Chemical Store on Main Street, one door be low Dr. Mattionn's Hotel, An•-the Borough of Knoxville, where they kit* on hand a full as sortment of " • • tvrEbterl4.,g - DRUGFEVAND- • Is good article of roedieinid WinettiOd.liiquorar— pr•Preaeriptions carefully prepared., Knoxville; -March 326,•1868-3mV- t • trtBUSSES.-- , '!Beeley'a Fad -Rubber. guts'. cares rupture, frees the cord from all press ure : wiiLlever:rest, li mber.. cha fc, pr„be come 81 y, eAd' stbanpilnebelberiMted with bard rubber); spring made any power re quired; used in bitfbing,lttea - tcl form; requires no strapping; cleanest, lightest, easiest, and best Truss known. • lebd fiir pamphlet) r - • I. 13. SEELEY, Sole Prqprietor, apli 66 - 1347 Ottaanttk, et., Phila's, Pa AGENTS WANTED—Tor ourpew and heau fife! work, the pictorial book of Anecdotes and Incidents of the Itebellien: heroic, patriotic, political, romantic, hornet-Ohs-and tragical splen didly illustrated with over 300 fine portraits and beautiful engravings. This work, for genial hu mor, tender pathos, startling interest, and attrac tive beauty, stands peerless and alone among all its competitors. The valiant and brave hearted, the picturesque and dramatic, the witty and mar vellous, the tender and pathetic ; the roll of fame and story, camp, picket, spy, scout, bivouac and siege; startling surprises, wonderful escapes; fa' mous words and deeds of ! woman, and the whole panorama of the war, are here thrillingly- and startlingly.portrayed in a masterly manner, at onee historical and romantic; rendering it the most ample, brilliant and readable book that the war has called forth - •, • ,- Disabled officers and soldiers,. teachers, ener getic young men, and all in want of profitable -employment, will find this the best chance to make money ever yet offered. Send for_ circulars and see o,r terms. Address ' NATIONAL PUBLISHING . OO.; - J13,-Ite No, 'Minor st., Phila., Pa. THE midersignea t 'agent for the celebrated Ro chester Trout Fies, keeps constantly on hand fishing tackle. consisting of N. Y. trout flies,Xtn soy & Limerick hooks, on snelle, silk, braided, hair, seagross and linen lines; leaders, , gut :•trunds, hooks, fly books, rods, reels, troutbask vts. tips, landing nets, the. Shop in the 'rear of Gunn & Tucker store store. L. A. -SEARS. Wellsboro, May 16, 1866. DISSOLUTION.—Notice is hereby given that the partnership heretofore existing between the subscribers, is dissolved, by mutual consent. 3013 WILLCOX, ' CLARK L. WILLOPX. Wellsboro, June 8, 1888,.,30, AN Assortment of TABLE GLASSWARE 7111 be found at AOPS DRUG STORE 7 /.. such as CASTORS, SPOOKS, • : TEA & TABLE, FORKS, CAKE DISHES, &c WRITING PAPER, chines• -..--:Ff;c7.1.E.:%-.. :-1-4,2ltatt,--.2-4,•Argral,-_-..:•:,•a•Zt:,..•,-..•••:::r.•.-,....'; '-';':. •.1 -, 0 "•-• ''• " =•-'•)-•'- t,-La'i • .1 • -r.4,7 • 9 • % I TWlttMea;; ; °_—:.. - ''' 14. • : '‘f'• ''" ,7 “ . ‘' --1 ... 751 ' ''''''''• •-':- ''" - -- " 7: ' ' -- ''''.: - • . ' " ' '• ' . ' 7: .... ...- --....„ .7 -• . / , .: : .. • TA • ' ll\ (1 :: :: • : • . (1 tl . 1 11 - ' I \ • ,\ ll .......6..\LL:L. W:Osiffiro' Marpie Works. if _.I3TOWHLL, JR., baying iiirchated the 1 . 'interest of, P. C. Haig, the busixibss wilt now he conducted 'ander the name of H. Stowell, Jr. do Co. All descriptions of marble work executed to he entire satisfaction of customers. • MONUMENTS OBELISKS AND HEAD- - STONES, of the latest and moat approved styles. We,will also •furnish to order, _ • MANTELS, TABLE' TOPS,• SODA FOUNTAINS, _did aQ kinds ofwork pertaining to the hneinese. We intend to do kr work in a manner tha t ,will defy competition : — • - •• - •- - - • • H. STOWELL, JR., k CO. , , Welfeboro;A . Oril 2, 1866. - - - WHOLESALE MBE, , - coRNING,-- • 1 -- t - RUGS AND MEDICINES PAINTS AND OILS, CONCEN TRiTED CINNATI WINES 'AND win is ' WASH LIME, KEROSENE ,- LAMPS, PATENT MEDI VETIIOLEIIIII' OIL, ROCIIESfER PER. • FIIMERI' - , • AND FLAVoIt ING-iXTRAOTS, WALL PAPER, WINDQW GLASS, ' AND DYE'DDLORp, =old at WhOlesaleyriees. , “ Bayer. are requested. to eta' 'bprore toing-furtber ' D. . Corning. N. T., Jaz. 1 . , 1866-IS' Hand .P.ower LoOml,'-lritented 1865. • • ALL Retsina, Interested in the production of practi . c machinery into our country, are requested to investigate the merits of - -„ HENDERSON'S HAND POWER LOOM This loom will do all kinds of•hand weaving. It will weave jeans, blankets, plain cloth, satinet, kersey, flannel , seamless sack, double width blankets. or any'kind of cotton, wool. or flax cloth. It treads th treadles, throws the shuttle, lets off the web, and takes up tbecleth. It makes the upper shed as the batten tomes forward, and beats up the filling after the cross is made, making better cloth and better selvage than can be made in any other way. It is _the only hand loom that is. 'sluitable for weaving wool, at rib loom that makes all the shed as the ba ten goes back, will weave wool satisfactorily. . It has no strings to stretch and get out of older ; bas treadles at both sides of the loom, making the shed complete at both sides. This loom is made to weave the different kinds of cloth, by simply changing the pine that make the op. per shed. Township rights for sale. Call at Mainshnrg, Tioga county, Pa., Sod see a fall sized loom in operation. Or ders for looms solicited. LEWIS WETMORE, Mainsburg, May 2, '662-ly A. P. PACKARD. SAVE YOUR 'GREENBACKS! . _ ' ' AND CALL OFTEN AT Nast,,S,r, Auerbach - . CHEAP CASH STORE, -- ELOSSBURG. PA., ' • - ' Where you can always find ,the best assorted stock of 'DOMESTIC i&—FANCY-JDRY ..GOODS * , CLOTHS, NOTIONS, ,READY'- _.i •~MADE C LOTIiING, Manufactured'under their-own supervision. 4/so Cents' furnishing - goods, In ibeir merchant tailoring establishment they defy competition ; haying the beet tailors of New York city, and an etperienced cutter, hir..,E.P. Erwin. ifeb2l6oly NEW , SPRING GOODS AT REDUCED PRICES. Great Inducements to the Public Nt/i having a big /took of OLD GOODS to shove off at auction, I am enabled to take advautage of the Oresi3nt s jow iirldiajand am rea dy to aupplyihe public with seploadid otock of NEW SPRING DRY GOODS, LATEST Styles, purchased to accommodate thimar , kat. `Particular attention is directed to my de sirable stock of Ladies' DRESS GOODS, Alpaccas, Pcipline,Trinte, Detainee; 80c., Added to which I ain - ciffering a large aril splendid stock of GROCERIES, BOOTS and• SHOES, HATS • , aiiii - CAPS. &c., &c., &c., &e., at prices to suit the 1,000,V00 . , at Osioed's old stiipd, Wellsboro, Pa. C. B. KELLEY. Aprit4,lBB6., FFOR; 'SALE.—A farm of 125 acres or X thereabouts is offered for:sale, situate trvie miles from Welleboro, ;the, county seat of this. county, and on the directrond to the lumbering districts of Pine , Creek. There is about sixty acres improved, with a good house and barn, and a number of good springs of water. The timber land Is covered with valuable timber, and the lo cation for one that wishes - a good farm near a thriving and enterprising village cannot ho stir. passed. For further particulars, no to price, terms, &c., apply to C. E."BreWster; Wellsboro, or te% the subscriber 'at Cortting,'Stenben. • Cb.. N. Y., March 7, 18611-tr. J.' W. GUERNSEY.-• ESEME WELLSBORO, JTJLY 1866. 1 ~itiect Vottrg. Is therErno grand immortal sphere , • Beyond this realm of broken ties, :To fill,the wants that us here, . And dry the tears from weeping eyes, Where winter melts in endless spring,_ And June e lands near with.deallitqs? flowers, Where we may hear the dear ones sing Who loved ue in this world of ours ? I ask, and DO my cheeks are wet - With tears, far nue I cannot see; • 01 mother ; art t jeu living yet, And dolt thou 'still remember me?' X feel thy kisses o'er toe thrill,, Thou unseen angel . of my life; T bear thy hymns around me trill ' 33- .7.4 ' An-undertone to care and istrife,l-33 r t • td Thy tender eyes atm, me shine,— ' • As from a being-glorified; Till lam thine. and thou art-mine-: - :4 • •- • .And I forget that thou bast /. almost-lose each vain regret , • In visions of a life to be';," But, =flier, theit living. yet,: - Aruidost thou still remeieber reel_ . 'The Spiingtimes blorito, the Stunmere fade, The Wititers blur' along my way; Bet over every light and shade, Thy mem'ry live; by *IA and day,: It a►otlies to sleep my wildest Like some seTeLsoug that cannot die, ked, like the murmur of the main, Grows deeper when the stnrib ' I kpow the brightest stars that set Return b. bless the yearning sea t - • • But, moth, rf art thou hying yet,_, - And.dost thou still remember me ? . .- i7ri . sometimPe think thy ,aeuLoomes b.tek ' From o'er the dark pud , k lent.etrani. Where -fait we wjatehml thy shualhg, traek To those green hills of wh , ch - -ice dream ; • Thy loving arms arnond_me My oheekkel,loow younger in thy brefith, Till thou art mine and I am thine, Withott°a thought of pain tir•desth; #lttlyet, -- Al times, mine eyes are wet - , • g 'kith tors for her I cannot ace - 91 Moilier, art thou living yet, And dost•fherratill remember me? Friend Cobb :—The three priueipal points froM Which _trains start with freight for the different Territories, are Atchison aint Leaven Worth - Kansas, and Omaha, Nebraska; The freighting • is,mostly done' by mule and ox. teams ; the former generally reaching the moun tains in thirty days, the latter requiring :twice that length of time to make the same journey. Thiity-fiVe to forty bun -died is the average load for a four mule 'team and .fifty. to' sixty hundred will be drawn.ou one wagon, by five or six yoke of oxen. When a train stops for the night, a corral is ibrmed by:placing the Wagons 'in a circle, in which the-an imals can ;be secured if danger is appre• hended ;,.:if: not, they , are ; allowed to graze on the prairie, in charge, of herd ers. Few persons in the'East• have a' true idea of-the amount of freight , taken in this way from the States to the far West, Often three or-four hundred wagons will 'pass a given point in a single day; load ed With heavy' machinery;'which, if destined for the mines in the northweSt, has in this way - tobe - transported more than two-thousand • miles, over moue= tains.audplains; or currying provisions to those who, down deep below the sur face of the earth, are wresting frOni their rocky beds the ores nom which the pre cious metal is Procured.- -- The country from Atchison to Fort Kearney, is a rolling, prairie, with no settlements 'a fter'reavingßaiisas, except _the - dwelling's of the ranchemen, which are'twelveor fifteen miles apart, and who must lead a lonely life, thus isola ted from each other,- but -who reap a golden haqest from the-sale ofhay and} grain to the freighter and emigrant.— Cottouwood,honeylocust, elm and wil low grow along. the; main streams, but on o;te,,upland not a tree or bush is to be seen = • • When we reached the , Platte, we saw: the:first of the adobe or earthen houses, which,ara extensively used in all parts of tlns far West, - Where other building ; materials cannot be readily proem red.— Theprairie sod is cutiu square blocks, and 10.1 up with sad mortar, to a height of tea and thickness of three feet. Posts support the horiiontal beams, on which -a tier of logs are laid, and on hem, first, grass "An-bushes, . and -then a thick layer of earthis.placed over all, which fortus the roof- Large buildings are in this way made,,:With less than a' hundred feet of lumbar, and when completed are both comfortable and durable. . The river at - the fort is more, than a Mile, h ;width, though in dry, weather la very low,; but now the melting of the. snow 'on 'the mountains tilled its banks,: and concealed the numerous Sandbars. ' • -• ' I,be route lies along the main Stream tiFaliOt, two hundred miles, and - then divides—one branch leading up' the South 'Fork to Denver and the Colorado mines, - the other up the North Fork, through Bridger's Pass, to - Salt Lake and the Mon tana and Idaho mines. ' • :When, about half way across the plat ng, we - came to the first of . the prai rie-dog villages, which often extend for miles along ;the line of travel. Their bodies are off alight brown-nolor, about a foot in length, and four inches in height. Whervan.object attracts their attention, they :will sit upright , the Wounds , of earth around their holes, and-look with apparently as much in terest at•the intruder as they are of in. tereat to him.' The naturalist disputes the-oft-made statement, • that ;the dog, Owl' and rattlesnake occupy the same burrow, or if so, only by using the grea ter rower one may have over 'the other; using:iis proof the opposite nature of each,-which would prevent their living together in peace.' If he is right, many are wrong •, for every person 1 have ask ed in regard to it, who has been- much among them anti given it his attention,_ saYs'iney do-live together through in clination, and not by force of power. .1 have-watched them closely, when they were .net, aware of my presence, and have seen the dog and owl sitting on the same mound, and seen the rattle snake enter-the hole by their side. " .However dissimilar their natures may be, when placed in different localities. the associations of a lifetime overcome their otheiwise destructive habits, ;and" they can thus live together in unify and peace.; , The same Power that placed them where they are, without a rock or tree untlerWhich ro find shelter, would not leave , them without some adequate protectiou..-Land only in the burrow of ART THOU LIVING YET P =I OLfirrespontitte. PROM COLORADO • • . ODT'TALJ.PERJECA.,I , I 9 / 1 8, (00i. T. ,) , Juue 13, 1866. • - the dog can that, protectiOn be found. Two years ago the' Indian 4; to the number 'of about ten thonsan cl,' swept down the plains, and, with the excep tion of- two or three government posts, too strong to be captured, destroyed ev ery building for nearly three hundred miles along the river. A few have been re-built, but the blackened walls of the rancheman's' home are often met, and three or four rude head boards near by point to the spot Where the dwellers of that ' _home who had fallen beneath the tomahawk of the savages, had been laid -by the hands of strangers. Several trains were captured; the men belong ing to them in-every instance being kill ed and scalped. In one place we came to-where a large train had been taken, :Kid the Mutilated bodies of the men afterwards buried by our troops. I ne ver-saw anythint -, ,50 lonely as was that - Singlegrave, where fife bodies of more 'than thirty men reposed, who at one moment were full of health and hope, • and the next were bleeding victims of at vage warfare. _ - But-however much We may condemn and deplore the spirit that causes the In ,dians to break the treaties so often made .withbur Government, we cannot blame ,them so much for violating their prom ises, -when we remember thb many in juriesthey have received at the hands of the;whites. By the rough, self-willed class of men that always precedes true ,civilizatioti, to cheat an Indian is be lieved to be a duty—and to kill one a meritorious act. And the troubles which led to the -massacres on the plains, as 'well as those in Minnesota, were chiefly caused by the Government agents com pelling the Indians to receive paper cur rency or nothing in place of the specie that they had been accustomed to re ceive as annuities from our Government. Driven from their best h u n tinggrounds, -cheated by the trader, and defrauded by the agents of the Government that has promised to protect them in their rights it strange that their unforgiving na ture is at times aroused, and that the freighter, rancheman, or emigrant, is the object on which they wreak their savage vengeance?, The Government is now trying to forma treaty with the. ,Sioux, Arapa hoe's and Cheyennes, at Fort Laramie; but however often and Solemn their treaties may be made,--they will as often be broken, so long as the Indian is in fluenced by : ' those, whose cupidity and self.-interest are greater than theirnse of duty ; and deeds of violence will at times be committed by them until their racediecomes extinct, or is blended with -that of the,white. Government posts, mostly garrisoned by regular troops, are 'stationed at dif ferent points on the road, to guard a gainst incursions of the Indians. At Julesburg is one; but this is guarded by parts of two regiments, which were formcd by prisoners taken during the win-, and who, when enlisted in. our ar tily, were sent to the plains for duty. And very unwillingly isthgt duty done. Until President Johnson came into pow er, they proved worthy of the uniform they wore, but since then have t eon growing worse, in proportion as his pol icy has been developed. • Many have de serted, and others are following when ever an opportunity is offered.- Several with whom I have conversed are as open rebels as were ever met marshaled under the stars and bars—are confident the South will yet get " her rights," and exult in the belief that our Presi dent:will in some way restore to the South her lost power. Thus his strange volley toWardS • rebels and- traitors has its influence with' those who have re nounced their allegiance to a cause which they are now trying to uphold. After leaving Julesburg, we entered on the great sand plains - , or American Desert, as it is called in the old maps.— For more than one hundred and fifty miles, we went westward without see ing a, tree or bush. Along the river liot tom, where the g,rountris moistened by water' rom•that strewn, the grass grows sufficient to support the teams; but away from that, there is nothing to break the monotony of the plain, except the cactus and wildsage bush. At times the wind sweeps across these plains of yellow sand with the force of a simoon, renderg seeing impossible, and breath ings matter of secondary consideration. At last we reached Denver, which is situated on Cherry creek, at its conflu ence with toe Platte, twelve miles front the foot of the Rocky Mountains, and six hundred and . forty miles from the 'Missouri river. It was -on Cherry creek, about, two miles from the present town, that a few pioneers in 1859 found the precious met al, accounts of which sent thousands Surging westward; many only to meet with disappointments, and few to real ize the hopes of sudden wealth, which they here expectedlo meet. But others were ready to take their placei; and even now, as then, the mountains are full of men trying to find the rich de posits of gold, which they ever believe to be within their reach. Gold in great quantities is in the maim tains ; but to procure it, a -great outlay of capital is necessary before any per manent profits can be received in return. The old method of placer or gulch min ing, which was done by washing the sand in which particles of gold were de poSited by mountain torrents during, past ages, is now but little followed; the best of such deposits being exhaust ed, and the miner prefers to work for established companies, where, if the pay ishot as large at times; •it is more sure and lasting. ' Nearly all the gold -now produced is extracted from the quartz, which is found in veins lying at all angles, and varying in thickness from a few inches to three or four feet. The quartz is placed where cylindrical shaped weights of about 200 pounds weight rise and fall by means of a lever power, and reduce the Stone tO a powder; a stream of wa ter carries•it over an amalgam of quick silver, which retains the pure pay icies of gold, and those having any foreign substance adhering to them are carried off in the tailings. The dust thus saved was formerly taken to the East as it was found, but is now smelted into bars at Denver, before being forwarded to the U. S. Mint. Colorado ores are proved to be the richest in the world, being three carats finer than any of the mines farther west. Two of the principal mines in Central City, the chief point of minin g interest in .the Territory, of ten yield from two to three hundred ounces of gold each week. A new pro cess to reduce the ore is about being a dopted, wilich is performed by heating the ores, and then submitting them to a - chemical process, by which it is claim ed all the gold can be saved, as well as enough of the silver, which is mingled more or less in all ores, to pay the ex pense of mining. If the process proves a success, and it is believed Alvin, sixty per cent. of the gold, which under the crushing process is lost, will be saved, besides the expense of extracting the pure from the baser metals. Denver, though of but six years' growth, contains over seven thousand inhabitants, with a floating population nearly as large. It is a general rendez vous for all comers from the States, whether they stop only long enough to rest and refit before continuing on their journey to more distant mines, or whe ther they intend to remain there or in the vicinity. The town is well laid out, has sub stantial brick blocks in its business por tion, and contains many private resi dences that would be. a credit to any eastern city. Colorado has had her share of the troubles every State or Territory is sub jected to when first settled. The war took- three thousand men from home, many more went to Montana and Ida ho, the Indians destroyed communica tion with the States, the locusts for two years in succession destroyed the crops, and the class of people that did come were mostly consumers, instead of pro ducers. But these are things of the past; and the steady stream of emi grants arriving, and the increased acti vity in every departmenti of business, give hopes of a better State in the future. The present population of the Terri tory is about 50,000, and a careful esti mate shows there are more than 60,000 acres of cereals, growing, which if al lowed to mature, the supply of bread stufrs will be nearly or quite equal to the demand, and need not be brought from the States, as it now is, nor command the exorbitant prices it now does. All that is now needed to insure continued prosperity, is to push up the railroad from the Missouri to the mountains. A third - of the road will be laid this fall, and when completed, the " City of the Plains" will become the Palmyra of the West. The higher mountain ranges in tercept the storm clouds, and on the plains but little rain falls at any season of the year ; and all land that is culti vated must be along some stream, from which an unfailing supply of water can be obtained to irrigate it. A large ditch, having a descent of three feet to the mile, leads from the stream beds around the cultivated fields, and from this small parallel ditches about one hundred feet apart carry the water over the surface. The soil is very fertile; and where enough water can be procured, the yield is very large. Forty and even fifty bush els of wheat, and one hundred bushels of oats per acre, is not an unusual yield, dud sometimes it is much larger. On the lower ranges of hills in the deep canons, and on the ridges between the larger creeks, grows a poor quality of yellow pine, which is cut and sawed where it-grows, and furnishes the only building material-herensed where wood is required. Timber for mending or making wagons is brought from the States. A tramp of one hundred and thirty miles to the south of Denver, brought to the Mexican town of Pur ebla, on.the Arkansas, and over a thou sand miles above its jlnction with the Mississippi at I`Tapole On our way down we passed close to Pike's Peak, seventy miles south from Denver, and that, like Long's Peak, forty miles to the north—the - former over 13,000, and the latter over 18,000 feet above the level of the sea, and are covered with perpetual snow and ice.— Owing to the great elevittiou of the country, 'and conseqUetit rarity of the atmosphere, objects can be discerned at a much greater distance than when near er the ocean. We first saw Pike's and Long's Peak, When on the plains one hundred and sixty miles from their base. The ri , -ing sun, shining on their snow-capped sum mits, made them look like twcf great domes of silver. The country here is much the same as it is farther north', only vegetation is more advanced; and many shrubs and plants are here met with, I never before saw. Among them are three or four species of cactus; one kind attains a height of six or seven feet, with many branches radiating from a stem five or six inches in diameter.— Very many kinds of wild flowers dor, and in some places cover the prairie, and fill the air with fragrance from their many colored blossoms. The residents here are Mostly Mexicans, who live along the larger streams, where the lit tle land they cultivate can be easily ir rigated, and where a constant supply of water and grass can be found for their herds of grass and sheep, that are here raised in great numbers. A. Vrench man, named Maxwell, living in New Mexi.co, is the owner of more than a million sheep, and half as many horses and cattle. Their adobe houses are made of sun-dried brick, with a flat roof, the earth for a. floor, and a hole in the wall for a window. A few have adopt ed the American mode of farming, and use the implements our skill has pro duced ; but as a class they adhere to that mode of life to which they have always been accustomed, and are slow to adopt anything that may cause them to depart from it. C. A . -DEANE. istellauenus. THE GALLOWS Remarkable Rseapes of Condemned Fe lons—Resuscitation of the Hanged— the Cruelty of the Gibbet—lmprove ments in the-Modern Gallows—its Vic tims are less likely to Escape. We take the following from the. Phil adelphia Bulletin, at the instance of a friend who regards it as of importance to the American people, just at this time, that they should know how many chances of escape are open to Jell Da vis, always supposing that he shall be tried, convicted, and hanged. It is a very interesting record.—[En. We do not, as a nation, hang as many culprits as in bygone years. We may by-and-by Cease to infliet this awful punishment at all. But so long as the Law, and religion, and justice, and pub lic sentiment aro. considered to warrant the continuance of this ancient mode of retribution, so long ought there to be no mockery, no mistake, - no trickery about it. If a man survives after hanging, without a proof of his innocence accom panying -his recovery, it would be infi nitely- better to society, of hi., wretched self we say nothing,' that he had not been hanged at all; seeing that the sense of just punishment would be swat towed up in a kind of pity for the novelty of his position. Now such things have occurred, sulli ciently often to merit attention. Men JOBBING DEPARTMENT, IMMI Tho Proprietors have stocked the establ I Almon t with a tug° assortment of modern styles JOB AND CARD TYPE and are prepared to ezecnto neatly, and promptly POSTERS, HANDBILLS,CIRCUL.IRS, CARDS; BILL - HEADS, LETTER ITEA_DS, STATEMENTS, TOWNSIue ORDERS; ,tc., &c. Deeds, 31ortgages, Leases, anc; a lull assortment of Constabies' and Justices' Blanks, constantly on hand. People living at a distance can depend on having their work done promptly, and sent back in return mail. NO. 28. ta-OincE—roy'J block, Second. lilot,c 'have recovered their lives, or rather ra tained life under nearly desperate cir cumstances, in spite of what seemed to be a due infliction of thepunishment of death by suspension. Something of this possibility of escape was owing to the mode in which the punishment was usually inflicted ; and to many it may probably be unknown that a change has been made in recent times in the con struction and arrangement of the appa ratus for carrying out the last great pen alty of the law. tor something like siX hundred years, at any rate, such escapes have from time to time been recorded. In 1264 there was a woman named Inetta de Balsh am condemned to death for collusion with robbers ; she was hanged, and re mained on the gibbet (if the records of the time are to be trusted) no less than three clays, and yet she survived to re ceive pardon from Henry 111. In 1313, Matthew of Enderby was hanged for some crime of which he had been convicted. He was eat down, and revived just before the body was about to be interred. In 1363, Walter Wyn keburn was hanged at Leicester; when cut down, he was carried in a cart to the cemetery of the Holy Sepulcher in that city; he gradually regained sensibility while the cart was rumbling along, and escaped with life. Similar cases occur red in the fifteenth and sixteenth cen turies. The seventeenth century was exceptionably full of such instances. Dr: Plot mentions the strange lot of a Swiss, on the authority of Dr. Obadiah 'Walker, master of University College. This man is said to have been hung no less than thirteen times, without losing his life, his windpipe having been con verted by disease into a substance al most as hard as bone. No instance has been so much discuss ed and written about as that of Anne Greene, which took place during the time of the Commonwealth. Judges and physicians alike referred to it, as affording illustrations for or against le gal and medical testimony. This poor girl was executed at .Marston, in Ox fordshire, on December 14, 1650, for in fanticide—a charge which could only be proved against her by much straining of the law. This severity and a know ledge of the wrong she had suffered in other ways, made her an object of much public sympathy. The hanging was accompanied' by certain coarse and shocking pullings and strikings of the body and limbs, which, in those days, were supposed to i nsu re more effectually the death of the victim, and to lessen the period of suffering. After hanging the usual time she was cut down, actually trampled on while prostrate, and left with the rope un-_ slacked around her neck. She was put into a coffin and consigned to the doc tors for dissection. To the surprise of all, when the coffin was opened, the bo som was seen gently to heave; upon which brutal blows and pressure were brought into requisition. The incident was too remarkable, however, to remain concealed, and men of superior position took up the matter. Sir "William Petty, Dr. Wallis, and Dr. Clarke, who at that time filled the three offices of Professor of Anatomy, President of Magdalene College, and Vice Chancellor of Oxford University, being present at the inten ded dissection, perceived that the heav ing of the bosom was followed by a slight rattling in her throat. " Hereupon," said Dr. Plot, " desist ing from their former purpose, they presently used means for her recovery by opening a vein, laying her in a warm bed, and using divers remedies respect ing her senselessness, on her head, her throat, and her chest; insomuch that within fourteen hours she began to speak, and the next day talked and prayed heartily. During the time of this her recovering, the officers concern ed. in her execution would needs have had her away again to have it comple ted on her; but by the mediation of the worthy doctors and some other friends, with the then Governor of the city, Col. Kelsey, there was a guard set upon her to hinder all further disturbance till he had sued out her pardon from the pow ers then in being; thousands of people in the meantime coming to see her, and magnifying the just Providence of God in thus asserting her innocence of mur der." It is not stated by Dr. Plot whether the medical men satisfied themselves concerning the cause, anatomical or physiological, of her preservation; but they sought to ascertain whether there was any peculiar mental phenomena connected with her recovery. They found that the half-hour of hanging had left no special impression on her memory. "She came to herself as if she had awakened out of a sleep—not recover ing the use of her speech by slow de grees, but in a manner altogether—all at once—beginning to speak where sheleft off on the gallows." Among all the printed narratives of this remarkable case, there is none that offers a clear explanation; and we are left to our surmises on the subject.— There was a strong religious bias in the public mind at that period; and this feeling led to a belief in the direct inter position of Heaven in Anne Green's favor. The under graduates of Oxford Uni versity viewed the matter in another light ; they sought to exercise their wit and poetry on it; and there have been preserved twenty or thirty epigrams written by them, and signed with their names, one of which was "Mr. Chris topher Wren." Anne Green, having received a pardon after this strange re suscitation, retired with her friends to Steeple Barton, where she married, had a family, and died in 1650. Somewhere about the same period, one Gordon, a highwayman, was con demned for execution. He found means, when his sentence was no longer doubt ful, to obtain the aid of a young sur geon, who, shortly before the execution, fixed a small tube through an opening cut in the windpipe. The artifice failed in its intended effect in this case; the culprit being a very heavy man, drew with too much weight; he breathed for a few minutes, when removed after hanging, but did not recover. In 1755, a female servant was hanged for sonic crime at Oxford; she was kept hanging a longer time than usual, prob ably on account of the wonderful resus citation of Anne Green a few years be fore. She was cut down, and the body allo:ved-to fall to the ground with much violence, yet she lived ; but the severity of the law insisted upon her undergo ing a second and more fatal hanging.— There - has, it appears, been a difference of opinion among legal authorities con cerning this double infliction of the sentence. Seine contend that if a man is hanged, that is enough; if the exe cutioners do their work clumsily, he AND FAST PRESSES,
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