frostlxv[o now.nse nos.]
flowel in upon us within the last eight years,
: n l the tidy still continues to flow,. Indeed,
each hat been the extravagance of bulk credit,
'tint the banks now hold a considerably less
amount of specie, either in proportion to their
espitel, or their circulation and deposits com
bined, than they did before the discovery of
gold in California. Whilst in the year 1848
their specie, in proportion to their capital, was
more than equal to one dollar for four and a
half, in 1857 it does not amount to one dollar
tor every nix dollars and thirty-three cents of
their capital. In the year 1848 the specie was
equal within a very small fraction to one dollar
in five of their ciroulation and deposits; in
1557 it is not equal to one dollar in seven and
half of their circulation and deposits.
From this statement it is easy to account. for
our financial history for the last forty years.
It has been a history of extravagant expansions
in the business of the country, followed by ru
inous contractions. At successive intervals the
best and most enterprising men have been
tempted to their ruin by excessive bank loans of
mere paper credit., exciting them to extrava
gant.importations ofloreign goods, wild specu
lations, and ruinous and demoralizing stock
gambling. When the crisis , arrives, as arrive
it must , the banks can extend no relief to the
people. In a vain struggle to redeem their
liabilities in specie, they are compelled to con
tract their loans and their issues; and, at last,
in the hour of distress, when their assistance is
most needed, they and their debtors together,
sink into insolvency. •
It is this paper system of extravagant expan
sion, raising the nominal price of every article
far beyond its real value, when compared with
the cost of similar articles in countries whose
circulation is wisely regulated, which has pre
vented us from competing irrour own markets with
foreign manufacturers, has produced extrava
gant irnpo'rtations; awl has counteracted the
effect of the large incidental protection afforded
to our, domestic manufactures by. the present
revenue tariff. But for this the branches of our
manufactures composed of raw materials, the
production of our own country—such as cotton,
iron, and woolen fabrics—would not only have
acquired almost exclusive possession of the
home, market, but would have created for them
selves a foreign market throughout the world.
Deplorable, however, as may be our present
financial condition, we may yet indulge in
bright hopes for the future. No other nation
has, ever existed, which could have endured
such violent expansions and contractions of pa
per credits without lasting injury; yet the
buoyancy of youth, the energies of our popula
tion, and the spirit which never quails before
difficulties, will enable us soon to recover from
our present finsisoial embarrassment, and may
even occasion us speedily to forget the lesson
which they have taught.
In the meantime it is the duty of tho Govern
ment, by all proper means within its power, to
aid in alleviating the sufferings of the people
occasioned by the suspension of the banks, and
to provide against a recurrence of the same
calamity. Unfortunately; in either' aspect of
the case, it can do but little.. Thanks to the
independent treasury, the Government has not
suspended payment, as it was compelled to do
by the failure . of the banks in 1837.
It will continue to discharge its liabili
ties to the people in gold and silver. Its
disbursement) in , coin will pass into circulation,
and materially assist la restoring a sound curren
cy. From its high credit, should we be com
pelled to make a temporary loan, it can be effect
ed on advantageous terms. This, however,
shall, if possible, be avoided; but, if not, then
the amount shall be limited to the lowest prac
ticable sum.
I hat% therefore, determined that whilst no
useful government works already in progres
shall be suspended, new works not already
commenced, will be postponed, if this can be
done without injury to the country. 'Those
necessary for its defence shall proceed as though
there had been no crisis in our monetary
affairs.
But the Federal Governnient cannot do much
to provide against a recurrence of•existing evils.
Even if insurthountable constitutional objections:
did not exist against the creation of a National
Bauk, this would furnish no adequate preventive .
security. The history of the' last Bank of the
United States abundantly proves the truth of
this assertion. Such a bank could not, le . it
would, regulate the issues and credits of four
teen hundred State banks in such a manner as
to prevent the ruinous expansions and contrac
tions in our currency which inflicted the country
throughout •the existence of the late bank, or
secure us against future suspensions. In 1825,
an effort was made by the Bank of England to
curtail the issues of the country banks under the
most favorable circumstances. The paper cur
rency had been expanded to a ruinous extent,
and the Bank put forth all its power to contract
it, in order to reduce prices and restore the
equilibrium of the foreign exchanges. It-ae
oordingly commenced a system of curtailment of
its loans and issues, in the vain hope that'tbe
joint stook and private banks of the kingdom
would be compelled to follow its example. It
found, however, that as it contracted they ex=
panded; and at the end of the proces, to employ
the language of a very high official authority,
" whatever reduction of the paper - circulation
was effected by the Bank of England (in 1825)
was more than m
• ade up by the issues of the
country banks." • ';,
Butthe Bank iif,the United States would not,
if it could, restrain the issues of the State banks,
because its duty as a regulator of the currency
must often be in direct conflict with the imme
diate interest of its stockholders. If we expect
our agents to restrain or control another, their
interests must, at least; nkSdirie degree, be an
tagonistic. But thealhatirs of a Bank of the
United States would feel the same interest and
the same inclination with the directors of the
State banks to expand the curreney, to accom
modate their favorites and friends with loans,
and to declare large dividends. __Such has been
our experience in regard to.the last bank.'
After all, we .must mainly rely upon the
patriotism and . .. 'of the States for the
prevention and' ,
of the evil. If they will
afford us • a• : s 1 specie basis for our paper circu
lation, the denomination of bank
notes, first to twenty, and afterwards to- fifty;
dollars': if they will require that the banks shall at
all times keep on hand at least one dollar of
gold and silver for every three dollars of their
circulation and deposits; and if they will- pro
vide by a self-executing enactment, which
nothing can arrest, that the moment they sus
pend they shall go into liquidation; I believe
that such provisions, with a weekly publication •
by each bank, of a statement of its condition,
would go far to secure us against future sus
pensions of specie payments.
Congress, in my opinion, possesses the pow-,
cr to pass a uniform bankrupt law applicable
to all banking institutions throughout the
United States, and I strongly recommend its ex
ercise. This would make it the irreversible
organic law of each• bank's existence, that a
suspension of specie payments shall produce
its civil death. The instinct of self-preserva
tion would then compel it to perform its du
ties in such a manner as to escape the penalty
and preserve its life.
The existence of banks and the circulation
of bank paper, are so identified with the habits
of our people, that they cannot at this day be
si:ddenly abolished without much immediate
injury to the country. If we could confine
them to their appropriate sphere, and prevent
them from administering to the spirit of wild
and reckless speculation by extravagant loans
and issues, they might be continued with ad
vantage to the public.
But this I say,.after long and much reflec
tion: if experience shall prove it to be impossi
ble to enjoy the facilities which well regulated
banks might aftbrd, without at the same time
suffering the calamities which the excesses of
the banks have hitherto inflicted upon the
country., it would then be far the lesser evil
to deprive them, altogether of the power to
issue a paper currency and confine them to
the functions of banks of deposit and discount.
Our relations 'with foreign governments, are
upon the wbble, in a satisfactory condition.
The diplomatic difficulties whicir existed be
tween The - government of the ;Inked' States and
that of Great'Britain, at the adjournment-of the.
last Oongrinis, have been happily terminated by
the appointment.of a British Minister to this
country, who has been cordially received.
Whilst , it is 'greatly to the interests, as I am
convinced it is the sincere desire, of the govern
ments and people of theMre countries to be on
terms of intimate friendship with each other, it
has been our misfortune smost always to have
had some irritating, if not dangerous, out-stand
ing question with Great. Britain. •
Since the origin of the government, we have
been-employed in negotiating treatieti with that=
power, and afterwards in discussing their true
intent and meaning. In this respect, the con
vention of April 19, 1860, commonly called the
; we • • •
Clayton and Bulwer treaty, has been the most
unfortunate of all; because the two governments
place directly opposite and contradictory cou
structions upon its4iret and triOlt important ar
ticle. Whilst, in the United States, we believed
that, this treaty would plane both governments
ppon an exact equality-by the atipula(ion that.
neither will ever 'occupy, or fortify, or colonize,
orassume or exercise dominion" overany part of
Central America, it is contended by the British
government that the trek) 'eonstruttion of this
language has left ithem..in.tbin righlfutpofise,s
siert of all that portion ,of Contra' Ainerica
which was in their occupancy at the date of the
'treaty ; in foot, that the treaty' is a virtual re
cognition on the part Of the United States,-: of
the right of Great Britain, either as owner or
protector;lo the whole extensive coast )of. Cen
tral America, sweeping round from the Rio
Hundo to the port and harbor of San Juan de
Nicaragua;' together with' the. adjacent Bay
stands ' except the • comparatively, eme,ll portion
of this between the. Sarstoon and Cops • Boutin
rat. According to their construction, the
treaty does no more than simply Prohibit; them
from extending their Possessions Are.: 'Central
America beyond the present limita,. ; his not
too much to assert, that if in the United States
the treaty had been considered susceptible of
such a construction, it , never' Would' have been
negotiated under the authority, of tbe i rresident,
nor would it, have received, the .aPprohati;on of
the Senate. The Universal, lienviritioia ihe
U n ited States was, that:'..Thelilittr l tovertiman't -.
consented to violate its . . titidifiena tiniii - hie
honored policy, and stipulitte' with` it ` foreign
government never to occutTor acquire territory
in the Central American•poition of our conti
nent, the consideration ler, .41,8 trace Ints
that Great Britain shonid,. *this fespifit, at
least be placed in the initno:Aiesitia with `o*:
selves. Whilst we have - norglittedciuh't, the
Jincerity_ 00hp British l icejerr(mthi l l4 l o l 4
censtruction of Oiti titikty,Zik t is fl i t ft *ilia
time my deliberate 'conotothii thl4
struction is in oppositiezi biiih r iOlteleiter and
its spirit.
Under the late administr ation , negotiations
were instituted between 'the two governments, -
for the purpose, if pessiblei!.of removing these.
difficulties ;.and a treaty hiviiie this laudable
object in view, was signed 'at:London on the 17th
October, 1856, and was submitted by the Preei- •
dent to the Senate on the following 10th of De ,
camber. . .
.Whether this. treaty,, either in its
original or amended form, would have accom
plished the object intended, „without gibing.
birth to new and embarrassing complications
between the two governthenta, .may l porhiips; r s .
lie'
well questioned. Certain it is, w
however, it ee
rendered much less objectionable ty• the differ- •
ent amendments made to it by the , Senate. The .
treaty.' as amended, was ratiftadltby me on the
1211. March, 1857,:and.was transmitted tolLon
don for ratification by, the. -British government...,
That government expressed _it% willingness. to
concur in all the amendments made by the Sen
ate, with the single ' exception' tiftflie clause re
lating
to Ruston .and the' other islands , in the .-
Bay of Honduras). 'The ..artiele.in the original
treaty, as submitted to the- Senate, after reciting
that these islands and their inhabitants ithaving
been by a convention bearing date.the 27th day
of August, 1856, between her Britannic Majesty
and the Republic HondniaS; Constituted and
declared it Tree territory' 'under the sovereignty .
of the said Republic of Hendurits," stipulated
that the''two contracting parties do hereby mutu
ally engage to recognise and sespect, in, all fu
ture time, the independence ..and rights of. the
said free territory, as a part of, f&I Republic of .
Honduras."'
Upon an examination of this convention
between Great Britain And Bonduras:of the 27th.
August, 1856. it.wasifound.that. whilstideclar— •
ing the Bay 'lslands to be ":a. free territory un
der the sovereignty of the :republic of Hondu
ras," it deprived that republic of ;rights without
which its sovereignty over them, could scarcely
be said to exist. It divided thein frOm the re- •
mairider of-'Honduras, and gave to their -inhabit.
tants'a separate government of qheir own, , with
legislative,.executive and judicial officers, elect-.
ed by themeelvee. deprived‘the, government
of Honduras of the taxing power in'every lorm; :
and exempted the people of the islands frbm
the
,performance of military d u ty except „tor
'their exelusive defence.: leats4rohibired
that front '' 'eiecting lotkileat2Stis upon •
them for their brotetstlin . thus lativhietheni' 4
open to invasion &Many quarter ; 'and, Mien,' • "
it provided " that slavery shall not'at any time •"
hereafter be permitted.to exist.- therein." ,
•Had Honduras , ratified this, convention; she
would have ratified the establishment of .a State.
substantially independent within her own lim
its, and a State at all times subject...to Rritish
influence and control. Moreover, had the Uni-,
ted States ratified the treaty with Great Brit
ain in its original form; 'vie should habe been '
bound "to recognise and respect in all future
time" these stipolittiOzuw to•the predjudice' of
Honduras. Being in 'diitict . opposition the
spirit and meaning of the Clayton and Bulwer , '
treaty, as understood in the United Stales, the
Senate rejectedthe entire ClauSe, and adhstitnted
in its stead tillecininition of the sover ;.
eign right of Honduras to Vivi! islands 'in "the`.
fallowing '" contracting ''
parties do heiebY mutually' engage to'-iedognize
and respect the islands of Ruatan, Bonaco,
Ilarbaretta, 'Helena and ..Mot . l4 4 ,,situate.in ,
Bay of Ronduratt,and / off the uotot . , of . the re
public of Hondura4, as undue ;LW; scvereignty •
and as part of the said Repuliliti Of Honduras.
, Great Britain rejecteUthis.imendment, as
signing as the only reason, tliat'the ratifications
of the convention 'of thir27th: of ;August, 1856,•
between her and Honduralf,hadwnot been "ex.::‘
changed, owing to the hesifation•of,that govern- _
ment." Had thii been dion4; it is - stated : that '
..her Majesty's government 4444 'have
little difficulty in agreeing in'the 'iniodificatioW
proposed by the Sentite;'iviiiCh theewbuld bevel
had in effect the same signification as the origi-'
nal mording." ,Whether,this, would; have -been -
the effect; whethee mere circumstance of
the exchangepir s •theratifieationa of the Brithih'
.convention with Honduras priorin pointictime,
to the ratification of our treaty with Gria't
Britain would, “in.effec4" hive had.'“,the'same
signification as the original wording," ar_d thus
have nullified the araendment of the .. Senate,
may well be doubted.'' It fortunatil:
that the'queition has rieN 4 ee arisen.' • • • • •
The Brititifi government;
,imitiedlate,ty v after
rejecting the treaty as aniended,'Priiicikedfo ed
ter info a•new treatywith theiJnited States, aim- .
Bar -in all respects: to the,treaty,whic,h they
had refused to ratify, if the trnit,etlStotes.wonitl
consent to add to the S ena t e's pleat. ad unqual-,
ified recognition of the sovereignty of Ilantiutas
over the Bay Islands, the following conditional,
Stipulations:—" Whenever and so soon as the re-
public of Honduras shall haie e:oncluded and•
ratified tvtreaty with Great Britain,' by which
rat 'Britain shallthave ceded, 14444 rep.u,blic
Oft llonduratt..sliali gave' ,apolpted r . tbe, aid
subjuct,a ihtprivltiions
contained in snob treaty."' I . l ' rc:.
This proposition was, of coursa,•rejected. Af
teethe Senate had refused to recognize the Brit-..
ish convention with Honduras, of the .4.711 i Au
gust, 1856, 'with full knowledge of ith contents,
it was hiposaible fointe,tneceSsarily ignorant: of • •
"the provisions and , conditione•which might be'
contained in a future convention between Alm r
same parties, to•sanotion theni in advance.
The fact is, that when two nations like Great
Britain and the United States;' nutuallydesirous
las they areoutd Itrest. ever maybe, of: main
.taining the most friendly relations with each
:other, have unfortunately concludedtreaty .
which they undertnandsiti 'Singes direetlY oPpo
site, The •wisest course is to- abrogate such ; a:;.
treaty by mutual consent,, and, to commence „
,anew. Had this been done promptly, all daft,
Iculties in Central America would most probably''
`ern this have been adjusted to the satittfaction
of both-Tattles; • • „ =
The time spent in discussing the meaning of ,
the Clayton and Bulwer treaty, would have
been devoted to this praiseworthy purpose, and
' the tasinvOitlcl-havelbeen the more easilyttipcom
pliithe4becausedhe interest: of the twe,,cpun%
tiies'in'Central'Amerioa is identical, being -con- ; ....
lined thfiedureing safe transits over all the routes ,
across the Isthmus: •
-:Whilst entertaining these sentiments, Ishall
nevertheless not refuse to contribute FP any rea
'amiable* adjustment • of -tht Central American
qUestion,•which is-not inconsistent,._.
• with the American interpretatiem of ,the treaty.
Overtures for this purpose*,,have been recently,
made by the British,government friendly.
spirit, which I cordially recipreoate ; but wheth-.
er this renewed effort will result in success,.l
am not yet prepared to express an, opinion. A
brief period wit]. determine.
With France our ancient relatione of friendship
still continue' to"exiit: The Bien& government
have, in, several recentinstanees,whiCh,mld not
be enumerated, evinced .a spirit of, good will and
kindness toward' our CO'nfidy Which I heartily
reciprocate. It is, notwithstanding, much to be
regretted, that.two -:nations, >whose.. productieP
are . oUsuolflateharaeter as to invite the most ex
tentdie.,exchanges and freest. onmmerciAinter,,,
course, should continue to enforce ancient and
obsolete restrictions of trade against each other.
1=111:=
EXECS
rrTTE
•
Our commercial treaty with Franco is ;in
respect au exception from our treatici'vrith: AU;
other commercial nations. It jenionely
discriminating duties both on tannage . aimi 40.
articles, the growth, produce, or manufacture or!.
the one country, when arrivtng 'in neaps. ..het
longing to the other. .- • , •
More than forty years ago, on the 8d of
March, 1815, Congress passed an, act o ff erlimete
all hations to , admit 'their vess els. laderi,,yr.illa
their national productions lute the portsfof the'
United States upon the same terms .with onitistrk
vessels, provided they would reciProcisteto wt./.
. similar advantages.• The act confined the red
probity to the productions' . of, the reetipti*e
, t'oreign nations whim:eight entAti,inte. the.in.,o;'
-posed arrangement with the United , States.,.. ;
The act of May ; 24' , 1829 removed this restric
tion, and ordered a similar reciprocity to a 11,.,:
such vessels without reference to -the origin of -.
their•cargoes. Upon these principles;; our, cont• t v!
-; mercial treaties, and 'arrangementtP-have• been
founded, except: with France- '
and let, tsieleoPe ;
that. this exception may not long exist.. - -•,; ::.:
Gar relations with _Russia remain, as they
...have ever been, on the most friendly footing .'
The preSerit Etn)3erei,she 'Well 'liar 'Jlie r precteees l ,•
sor4 have never failed, when 'the occasion Veer-,
~..,
eil, I to manifest their gond will to our, connizi;., ~.1
and their friendship. has always been highly ap
preciated by the government sind-people of the.zj .
United States: - '' ' ' • • .
.. .11:13 :
'
With all other.BnroPears.goveinnieriis,. exeekki
that ef Spain, one relations lize , as tpeaaefril.'ettial
we could desire:',' J "regret Ait'AtiiPist "mai Ptc l it.rtiK .
whitever.haateen. made, since ,the, tiajourntnejii ~,
- of Congress, toward the settlement oftanyofike ..
numerous nlarMs ', ,of our ' eitiOnd 'ekainift 'le
S,panish - go 4 iirnment» , P.esiOis. Ae. 4g4iii i4 5 ;41;c:
, !pitted tit's= flag by , the Spanish , warr frigeten.
'Ferrolainit'ek Ile high ',eg!igis 'of, ihe - pektit 'nf - .7
Cube, in:liGici,;lB6.s,44,firmti4p AlseAP:4:!;
, can; Mail•steamerßbDOradthrtand•delainingo arid‘.l
; seaichiitliel..;'Xehiyitill t iiiialiilfiKetigid ay' , dill: ..
redtessed. "The general tone init finlipe s i crilie,
Spanish, government toward that of Abe
. United . t.
Statei.are itinch.to!;lbe , :legrpipid,".onr: present'
EnVoy Bxtraordiniarf and.lkliiiiiiter".,Plenipeten, ,
ttary to Madrid has asked in berecalled; and•it ...
is ithy,pinPese . tn. send • out a;nyw: ministai :to:"
'Spain; with spenial'instructiOns on all cinititteini ,;1
pending between the two governments, and:wititit.
a determination' to have them' stieediry'ancl'aini!‘!
!
cably adjusted, if this be possible. , In .the , .
meintime,..whenever our-Minister urges the justo...
cleips.of our citizens iitythttiliotice . . trtheSpaly: :
ish goveinment,.he is met Willi the objection that--
Ca trigfeki haine*eillicatiewifsimoitotokkici4o
: menao xi Prisfdent Polkin.hia liana' message,,,
of December;. 1847,, "to be paidlo the govern- et
; molt for the pniposef of .dietributien•dtnong" mle4.
. claiinanti is the 'Anklet:ad ' iiase:" ".
A. !ii.ii . qiiilL .
: cornmendation was made - briny:immediate pre
donessor; in his'iteskage - of Deceinber t 18581"
and entirely 46iiribiiirin' . g:witiiihretlitid the I s diftiss
that this . inderenify . is' instil
„fitleY'Aitierlie.
treaty with Spain of, the N.7t.fi'lOclitbei;llos, i';
4arnestl y . recommend sych) , an'apyrepriatidn'tte.l
thnfaierable considers ti On' Of .9eligteiti:•;;;,.
~..:,
A. treaty of friendship, end:, commerc e Watt ; .
concluded at Constantinople •on thel 18th. De-
cember, 1856„betWean, the'United7 . l3,tntes, and • '
Persia, the ratifications of which were exchanged . ",
at Constantinople on the 13th • June,.,1857, and,-
the treaty was proclaimed 'hy thelyresiderit
. on"'•
' thelBth August, 1857 ...' Thie r !ir ' eaey, it .isli& f,
' lieved; , will prove beneficial. tn.. American - C01111 , i.:,
mdte. The Shah :has ,mtnifested
. an,"eornetlt'"
disPositiOn to Cultivate friendly relattoni,With '.
our country, and has •expressed a strong.wish-c,
that we should be represented. at
,Teliefanty a' .*
minister ilenipotentiary;'.anall recomnieturihne.;,
an appropriation be made for this purpose ~ .•
Recent:. occurrences in China hive be.en,4-
favitrable'to a. revision of the • treaty Arith:thili
empire of, the 8d July, 1844 with' . ayi.ter:tiy.tlib- . .,
secnritieand extension. of ourcainnierm.'447,
24th article of this treaty stipulated4or,airevi-..
Edon of it, in (mile experience 0014•Iiroie 4 this .. " ,
to be requisite ; "in Which case thillitirti,giciefil l .'
meats will, at the :expiration • of.twelve -years :.
frail the of 'said ootrveptctr; tioltt timieol7"
coneerning.the Same, .bY;iriani3 of - initableierr:
..,
sons appointed to conduct such 'negotiations.?f•,t
These, twelve, years expired On the' 8d Of. July',e• ;
18561;J:tut • long liefore that periotr,it Wee' 'lnrCei; ,
tainedi that important changes in Aim .ireaty. ,
were necessary ; and"sieveraT •frnitl:Wiattempts' ,
were, made by,the commissioper ! ,,n(ilitalnited
States to effect these changes. Another effort was ..
abolut to be made for the samepurpoaeby - our'COML'! -
mitioner, in,conjimetien.n4 thp:iiilnisters . et,
,En land and France; but.ibieWaB snspended .by, '..
the , occurrence of hostilities:in the;Cantonriver. 4 . 4
be4reen Great Britain and. he.,Chlnese:rmfirk:'..
The hostilities have . necessarily,; interrupted.:
the! trade of '. all' nati ens with , ..Cantenr Whithq is' ' 4
non in:a state Of, blockatie,Uid.hao.o6 - 040.1 .
a shrions loss of : life • and, properly......Mearivritile; - .
•iliti insurrection within the amplin..egaiimat thel''
existing imperial .dpitaty , still' poistinkice,
..d .. ",
it ia difficult l 0 iiiitiomate.wigisfritAtiikrifiiieol
iinder these oireumstanoes,4hiVildeerned 441
ad sable to iptioint . ' disitinellilie(Qifizekill ,y.
'Pennsylvania envoy to China, anCto
"self of any , opportunities whictromarrOfferst).
effoict changes in the e? k ilitiiiilreii!Y'faTcirithlikii
Anierican commerce: He leftAliesUritte4 Sta4l,.
foil the place of:- la is le's tination :Inly laet; in -;
the war steatnerMinneeota.Bpl mjnistereri
to China:have.arie been'apiaillietfAi eoia f.ilie
ernmenta of 'Great Britain and France.,..... la
Whilst our ministe i r NIS been' instinirted te:4l".
cupy, neutral p ositicn, in. reference
log hostilities at. :Canton, ..he will..cordutilpooro
Iperitte:\!ith lirilish•ting;;Ffeilfphc , triinistittif 4l
in Tall peaceful' measures
stipulations, those just.concssaions t ip i nctrinere%
which the.nations• of.dge; World .I;ave rightito
expect, and whick:ChiniA•etinnoolonA
I micted aisiiranCeal'egely4o; .!'
I ehtertain :no!dottbh.. that .the thiee Ildoneterow,
wi actlinittniniiniotut concerbtO obtattr
co indicant treiitielloi each'kif
represent...: • • • ,o c
We cannot-fsit to feet lieerintwriwt4a situ
11114 ,", co ticerni . the rest%
en t republics on our Own continent; an 04.113, 4
of the Empire of Brazil. f s fi-t ae
Our diftdttiiies.•
81244 time. sinCe. ? bore l so,;thielienieg
arii t it is to be hoyedv iti sifttirxtrain oflsettle
.lo4it; .
7panies. : _ • p.l .•• ,• .• •
. .
. .
The , Isthmus of Central. America, including ,
that of the
thh Atlantic and Pacific, over.whiCh a litige por,„
thin of the of the w i dildt destinssflo
The United' Stafed v.re t inlioneMeeilly„in t . ,
tereSted than . any other nation inipreaming.
the freedom a nd" security' of all ~
cations across this isthmus. It. is our dtity,
therefore; fake " care ' , hit they,shall not be
inkerrupted eitber by • invashms ' from our own'
cdutitiror iiidefendinti
States of Central America., Under our treaty
with New Grenada of the'l2th December; 1846,
wF are bound xp.guNithWthOrgtragt-Tign
Isthmus of Panama,. through ceithe
tuna railioad passeS, "as wallas' tifefri'gbbroP
sovereignty and property whiCh i ,New„Prerukda
his and possesses over the said Territoiy."
Tpis obligation is fonnded
granted by the treaty. to , thagovernnien(WT,
people of the United States.' ".- .. , .4.41b
Under these circuinstances; Treeo'rniiiiinfto
Cinigress the passage of an act authorizingther.,l
President, in case ,of necethity,,to emp loy the ,
land and naval forces of the' Uniteit..Stafeetot
carry into effect this, guarantee of neutrality: ,
and protection. I also recclialiend similar leg- - „'
islation -for the security , of any . other route
across the isthmus in whiChre:RwacOire:'
an interest by treaty. • . :
•
-
Withlpe in dependent repUblies,roir this :mitt--
nei4, it is both our dutl tinfto*,
tieste the most friendly 'relations:. We•ealkltifsC. :
feel indifferent to theirlate. suithust.lalwayst
rejoice in their prosperity. UnfortimittOtlidthr 3 '
for them•end for us, our exam p le .and.:aoca
have lost much of their influencein -consequence
of the lawless
,expeditiohe whickhakbeesi'Atfedf
ont•against some of them- withiithe,
obi% country, ' Nothing better calculate&to
retard Otir'steidy.„ materip7progrelid, or impaiia?
our character as a nation, than.the teteraiicalre'
such enterprises, in violation of the law-of na-.
tions. •
It is one of the first and 13iihest,deities of any
independent State, in it ' s , relations will, the mem
bers of, the great familfnf'.natiOns f :to restrain
its people from acts of hostile
their 'citizens •and 4libierits.. • The most:eminent
writers on public law io''nnt: hesitate to fieF'c,
nounoe such hostile sots as robbery; And eilkder:
Weak and feeble States like those of Central-,
AmeriCa, rnay.not feel . themselves able ferAkleit,'F,
and : vindicate their rights : The, case waild , Ve ;
tar, different if expeditions were set fin fostwithw,li,
in our own territories tO Make ~ private,
against a powerful nation.l -If tsuch , expedi:
tions were fitted out from abroad against}'
any portion of our own conntxy,,,tlailsou
down, our cities, :murder sand lup er> r '
.e ple, t'3
and usurp our governmait.,W , •e
power iihie'arthltblhegairictest account for not
preventing tt-btaatt
Ever since the Administration of General
•• IEI
;MAT) .
I • KAIN ►
ram"
PR • - 4.613- r ; • ; . 4 ! ,s
E WERT VIC.
t
Web ftgibl:. Lola". oitiaTriVbtl ' ii.baglitol'O' 5. :
• ~. .t.ti punish :PeVOrikit 'ill;:annii6f iatlfrii: 0141 : 10te
Ikpoili tary tipetiltion2isit-hity. the .litlita. of the::
. -I United •S tat ea, .In k propeed Amp ,the,Doe. a g epia.t. As.
• r -nation, or-. State with- Atintisie:ltre .a t innicsa Whe:
• 'W.sent neutralitylot otlintil2BthilBl.B7lobut:•:
~It(tle areadial sealiticliturBf pre•exia'tinglliittar
Under! this Ace ,theAresidentr. is, erupowcred Jo T ..
• !etiffploy tbe,hutA and navalforce Itavi milit Ili • •for i
::•the Phi'PSltor R‘‘,FeAl..ii,,tlfe 7 eart r yit?i ini.bf
,• any such exitedition.tr,enterpritie tkoiii.h'e ter ? •
- , ritoriee and jttriedidtion Of-lb... United. Staten ) "
and the collectors of customs are enthorizetittind ,
:required to detain any valid in pori;Whelillterit .
As reason te believe shale about to take part! in:
i t• • •
.ggeh lawless enterprises: •"u= ,„ •• ••'" " •• •
. ..!:
.f• 39 ben it. wits first- reuclertid. prolnithle ..that
_an..
attempt wauld he made to get up attother,un, :
- ..lawfal eipedition'akatiiat'lilieartiglig; itie Seire..
..411,ry of State issued iniCructions t c o the maraliale .
}}id district, attorneys; *bleb were directed. by.
the:t2i.ecretariet; oir)Var'hio:the Navy te.pie lip: .
.:o,Vopriate • army., tiuti.;; l iniVy., Officers, . reqniring '
:Ahem to be vigilant ? and to use their, bekt•eier- -
lionwiti citir3tingitite,tileet. 'the. yrovtsioptt of
' 'the act-or 1818.„-• NOVWlthstee'd.ittg these;:_ 144-
'O, t, utionty the erpeditiOn•has.•escaped ...from our .
, 'toren'. :., Such enterptletir:. can 'do ito' possible •
. imicid to the Conntif;,bilitilcs4O",afreadl inflicted ,
much injury bothwn it,4qtereigs .and;its. char-, •
itkitter, A Iliny hail.; pre;rergia, p,4c's.ful ' enligra
tied, from tee United States .tcrilie States of
COtrat America .wych - conla• net fail, to: prove . '
likhly beneficiial'lO ill "tite 1) . .t...i1es concerned.
"IF it pecuaiarytpoint of view, afone, ourog.tizens ..
tilliite,tftflatititteit'heaki lofeeti:•'friim the. Beisere '
*.and eloe'idi It ''llle„',o6fhtie.. `route .'14 0. :„ ( 1*,' .
A liftt4aubetweentthettwo..ooealle.; .1 : ...! ;, l• ..' •' ".
Lot , ~
~ , • •• • • a• leo. ..I'.
e , he leader' of 'thft,reedit,'- expedition) . Was,arz ,
I, reatedia t. .-NowtOkeAtiti•but:;#4 l l:Miftfliiii i ell•i. l4
! t 'gryluir 'tiaiLforshis appearenctim theilnaufficient
„qmitef d pielliouStind•.dollirs: ',- .'"...7f4'j. . i. ' 1 •
$I
iltartil eitiggii4:44. 30kiiiialtr,../34144.
.:10 414,Videiresit'n`
ntionyetwougreati, bellexing.., Aug Ajapy.,, i
- _ intoreet, as weliPss -, Our !natuntel. , stbereeterp..:
...req'uiafeliiikeWesheild ",tedOpt;:ittteh 4 tltiaiffitkaik, - ,
bendecteildwrei3trainingieur"Aitisau l frtim, i
Ornmitting i secb detreges. - .... ,, ,,1 At.' ..,.: . -taw : ...•
ilia' regre!itti .iiterM',Yon ' that Ilie:piiikictit,....e ,
e•P#raguythis.retusellt to .ratify:the'iletillbet:Wicti,
lholttnalt_States and that State, as amended ~
• +by theessizate, thetsignaturtiTtif.whieli t ijainien T i ft
'boned 410 the' .message- ofmrpredecessornoi
Congress at the opeitipg of its, session ii4 . Lteci?ic.l,
liter; 1853; The reasthis asSighecl tdr dia reftiSsl '
;will ^appear ' in , the 1 Ciirl espotidence.herewith. .;
' itulinitted.
, 3 , :• : •,•• .. 14 being desirable, to, ascertain „tlie, f Bt4ss'elf,. l.
...e l river La Plata, and its tributaries, for sari- .1
getioebi'' titenta; . ,ibs - ,,iUeitediSilttesi' liteaMer:.
" Wfkler,,Wit oh,7,,wali l f see t, : tit itke;44 . lhat.,.:,itnr l „'•
;:pose, in 1853. This enterprise was successfully.t
Carried•on j until !'fl i tkii4f.Yi 1866 , i wV oo ; . *. 4 itilst'• I
in the peaceful piiiiieetition"Of bier ' +iiinie *ail';`
A Parada ?liver,' thptisteemer , watufired!upontby.:•:-.
is r,agtutAtin fore:". TheTfOrtisq-etarittedl;'hlirtv
.as ibe, ,, tV,arciMiter7 W. 8 13.4 igiiikr f - 44;Alalt.
I not! designedlfor offensive operations; site.retirell it .
;'trod the conflict. i The . pretext upon which thew:
_attack Wite.madeo a
was decree of the Presile4',..
;of Paragtnty,. of ,gclober,,,lBc4i . prohibiting,foi.:*
'0i.30i 0 . 61 .4 0 01 ; Y ? .0.r.rP'1 1. . n4 .18 0 79 2 11 2 :91 . 0 46 rg "
:of that Suite., , As •Piraguay,. however, ;was the. ..
,owner "of'but cost 'bank . 4f , the'..river . of Abet • :
rnnite, ' the 'otheilnifOtliiiii fii,,.'Coiiii,iifei ''i
,-; 8 I dte of the Argentine Confederation, -the 'rtght ? ,
.of ts`toverninent'o.:eipect;;thers such a , decree"..
' woUld fl!s obey ed, , cannot be aclinciwlidged: . '.
,„kcip the .". Water... Witch " was not, properly ~
epealeirig, 4A - ti t ,, Vessel...4-7r.
.She was a small
2eteftnier, - ettgagedi r ni'a icientifie,entelfrilid 'intii:
Neaded for the 'idiantige of conmertlitirfit4tei
,:generally:. Under these circumstances, I amt'
:- eonstisiffett to' consider the attach. upon her as
;niijustitiable, mid as calling' for eatiefactiOn
,
.from the Paraguayan , government. - • ,
~g - t t itiacniefthe United Stites,' alstOrbo were es
ter
''. isbed in bust nAss in Perague:y, haii had their
.prOp y erti c izett.end - taketyfi'din them; and beret ,
other Wise ; been treated by the . autho'rities in an
ingulting •andirbitrary manner, which,requires
. • • •
'... A demand Or these' purposes will be made in',
IS kirmjittit. honciratory. spirit., 3his,vfill th .. . 6.
.iti44 probiblyibe•irrinted it tlisi • Eitoutiti Shale'
'hale authority to use other.meantr.in the event,
;Or a refumil. This itiltesozdjngly, keCtininnendedii
. •it is unnecessary to.stWte Wdeieil.th e sierra-.
tiing condition of the . Territory of:..kansas at , the
i tipie of my, inauguratitira' - The''Oiiposing par-,
ties then atinid in hiiiitile.".3iiiaii — ag'aiStit'etfoh'
'''oilier, and any accident .raighta have relighted
ilitti Hifi:tad civil war , • Besides., at. this iiriticil
.l,'lntent, Kansas ,yriklefl„ilittbut';ll, - governor,
t . liyithe resigaal ion of .Governor, Cleary. •• •
' t
kin thdqi9t.h';of •Ifebrnbry,:tfreijalls;othe'•terri
-..etiriallegitilikture.hadloiss4Aaklinvicting fp
• th 4 electioi Of. delegatest,Omithe,thirdilliimlay
.Or tuis,).9 a
. conviiiiti . ifaxite:: %Meet -bn the Ist
;Ido day cif 'Beiterabei;`fiti;•46' . 'ityititia'o l ,tiefitinf-'
.irt a Constitution. pieparatOryt to admission into : .
alie• Union. This law was .iii Old main fair and
t Jae: ; and it is to'bi_i•Ogr.sitAitilituitAll.'„theiluali
dee, electors ,heduntitc.)regasteied • tliinmetvett And •
voted under its . proilaidni..in -',, :'..: t':,' I.
...../
t '.. .1 ... •... s-t^s9-.....1t d / ; ;sv ..i...,,,:- 7
~t . the time.of timselestaonomms mitgatfhttOm
exnaive organization existed - - in tbe Territory,
'.lih se t aypwed . Alijec.V it'
. lista; itWeedlie,'4 put .
i
',4Own.tiieJawfullovernmenhihY force r .antlip74,, i
11.911th' a Agoiterhnient .of thitif ovin, :under the •
':'solall'ed 'lobelia. ' COnstiftitiOn. 1 '; 'The . leisent;
,4tteched to this trevelptiouary organization; 4 tileg •
•ei Ont.& Mora; tithing , any-part. in - the election. •I
:•... he act of the territorial:l4ll4ore had omit
;.,igto-provide for ..eubraillirig to,this people,,,the ; ,
:gc) stitution which s might - be framed .by. the Con
vB Um,. A pt ,i 4,
.t. 4e e i ltaijAl lit,,tito of,. public
. :Ift ng ilroughisiit , ;.Kiinsisi.-enittittpritberittion'
i
t fisivelY'tpreVailed C'',thavis.: design_ existed,
.1 9 orce npßo. Allem, ,a - ,';roiistituticiii r m,relaVon
.to Isivcry,ageinsttbeic.3oll •li4l l taitAerkel, l 4.
'it &AMR , my. du . ty,Lastit....was au, =questions- ,
~,' bl right, hifititik inliiiiii'the tiition 6f ..111. gatidieitit: ••
~,se in support of the territoilWißsre, to express an
Trop nionor the true cepstyuCtinp of the ; provirnope i ... 1
co ceriling.slavery contained in, the • organin Poi. 0%,..1
; co FEBA of the 30th •of 'lday, 1 854 _. Congress do. .t
'cl iinatrbet 7 "tfiti tlildifitiveetfandineatiingpf this'/
ao n ot to legislate claveletiip., any TdrrittifY or-''
8t te, nonto i exclude,it „therefraio; but, to.htyvn, the ,
tie pile, tbereof.perfectly-free to; form. a n d. :vi o va t a ip -..
i it domestic ineti.utionri c ht their own way.1•411Ja... ,
t AtKpraustiten ,adAuttediiiir W.State,.."was to,
*.rkieß 4 . ll3 #9.ti* " )Trni 6l 4 . •fiiill. Oi'VOlthiPlpti:ti' .
their Constitution mit,' prescribe ai fie me tsfli ; .
Jpir admission." lit
Old emigre:4 fridth by this language that tbadek. .•-.
antes eleghp&hyrazge t a constitution 'Obeid htiveivu,,", I
t thfority,-finairito..,tirieitle.the question of slavery; or
,• dill therinfest d byleaiingit ta the people that that
r'ire6ols4 of ' Kanseafthemseivea , should. decide) this ..•
I."cidettiolbfw.dirised,yotel' ..- On thietubject I confess . ):
,1 ila,) . nexeient • 4tininspireriotin_dciubt. - aid . ;••rai,to. •:v.
fote. i ihnt.iin in iir-.o<lriell , -; . Go'..irPijf;ral./07Ar; itc€l
2 huf Mereh,lattyttrierely laid t tbst rshep . ..ittuhfigr, p
s triti),si shall be submitted. to the , peopleocietheaterem
ri ory, they must lib 'ptitneeted in-ibtiexerstsclND
pri lit of ototing for:or.-4aipptt . ,raes - irieirtiiiim, - Vill ,-
1
Alte.fair expression of: the oupahm.cgiWpfstigaerbe •
irclteilupted by frestd4sr'vielenceei.uv7b .0'; , .., ~
I n i?Pl u ',-; si ) ' l , g I. } ii""i't • Ak'O Ylo4. Vl4 ol76 M "7, 11 1t9n --
most;raley/ mil ,plitti,:the._deihken , of_ : i tite.',. people nf ' _
trarasyierither,for , or, , igiiiiistllayery.. From ibis t'• '
saa'always carefully abstained... Entrusted with the
itycifddifog "Carii_thistilso laws be faithfully este...,
a s te -s a i i oP :ixi la i l ft ti a r zi n lY is l fi d . e t i . l oli w ng as ie tk ett i th t. C ill e e r t'e id!n P c le e ' re f esu K i i ied il;.
tb , thicur.gertic Auli at s4keik ,ictrFpr , I,VILDPktt A b ITE/li .1
if
sad in-thisaraanner.smooth • theiz .pamage.,into,tbe
- ..1.1w0n: .• 3it emerging frnar , the cond WOO .of..territottc.l
•iat'',4lthi*Cndeltce
m`tiit
into, that'of a st'vetnirentOlathi, it was `•
era •
• /their ti, iis iiiY a oiiiiiins';''e e lidriVin their Will '
bY4the.votes of ,theymajority, tiailio'ditia t heestion: i
Ighetber •th ia ~ importau t ,domestio ,i n stint t ion, iti ou Id . .i
oh should I,ot coot in ue to . exist; -Indeed, 4114? leaf s
the only possible mode in which their wilt could ins ;
•altvbeutically afeertainada .. - ; . i't •. - -. ' . .
l, The election of delegates to a' convention must
nebWidillY iski Vieee in.-separate "districts.- ^From •
',ibis cause it may,..remilly,hsppen, !elute ofteelseSis
...•
the case, that the msjorify of,,the pepple'of„ a Itate '
i'ts.i. Territory are one side, of. a. question,,iviii ‘t a;
•rasjority of the representatives froraithe several. die.
' trial; into which it is divided may beMpotir the'braer
bide. This arises from. the ' UM:4*ra soniirliiiii:
t'
h ots delegates nifty biLelOoted. • f by ennall'rastaritick,
iist in others, thoselordillerens rUiptin .npi.y
ioats.. '.
1 ceive majorities'Amtficiently great not,. to overcome
itilteriiiitheesPen'for 'the :former, but tech:lave alemeik
; Wlejonyy,pf, ih n elirlitipti j kiinile in direct oppasitikiii t ir!
' i majority of ibe delekides. Besidois, oar hiii . tco l -'
sieges-rasa -influences-racy. be brought to bier on
L ' thVAllTAlietgl tee hiffietattly -4 bOwiiiful• ! to )infiee
11446 ,a,teroliti#l l 4l e A irat , l pj his' constituents . 'Via'
truth is; this no• o t her authentic and satisfiCiory!!:'
, • inothi emishothf ascertaining. the will of .a majoritytof,...
th14146-of any ••tateFor Territory one. an ,import
i taiiimad' e'teirinetttiiiitiOn'ilie. that'Zif 'slafory inf -.
lansoo,,o,acept... l t t y towing it to a diriat ilopy.''''l6.&:
;wise) tins : no/silt for, ; Ctipigissas tp pace Over all ,sniii;,.
ordinate and intermediate-agencies. and proceed di-
TOP) lb 'the soiftdel Walitcligltitinattf - pthierruntior , 1
. koirltietttuiliitat ~..'"" ri r'' ' ' !" • -t..< •. - • ' 4.;
.. 4 Apyle„,„veip„.Amll..Vi! s atb l er' l ,prineiple. prove in t,
• racticalttellbsAuqteAusq' ai d l '' 4 ` e c4e3tr ' ; ' '
1 anaas.• tStiouldtithe.he,admitted)into.thO liniAtisa-•
ilittli ,d Nettitlidtbarytitber ,maintaining or abolish-4r
'Ong . inveyy.,.ageintw t he rentiment of the p eople;''
is could ha ve on o r'etrict thin td (Matto - de anti?
.• texasperatn,the, existing egttat r istp iliging.opliiii47'
E r
' indmtMited , tp: make_ the; Conni.itnitint confor m . ; .
Ise the irresistible w 'II of the majority . . ...,.: 1 v,.• ' ..-.;
::Alfefriejitlyirl fitirters of the. Nebraska and.
t i e
...... pn i4 stai lls' lst t itts :W ysliw ik q provi g e l l 6:l 4'n g s ; itor i a l' it "° witif ° r . trib i l texv
ti
1 al of fthenAarterioantiseopli, , noutr , ..diriere4lo9gt 44 1 i1
pruo meaning on this subject. Everywhere t h rough.,.
Gut the Union they publicly pledged their faith and
. i dea
• tlbl,
4erf
'Of
ti
flp
.
tittle boom', that they would' cheerfully submitthe ,
question of slavery to the (lactation 'of,the bona fide
people.of liallaes, without airy .restriction or quali
fication whatever. Alf..tvere3,cordialirunited upon
'the great doctrine of popular sovereignty, which is
.:the vital principle of our free institutions. Ead it
;,then feet, insinuated f om-anytquarter that it. wou'd
the a FLICHCICIA 0011101.111 CC VEMIA111?, Teloplir 11 iOllB of
Ihe organic, law far the menit , ers f o I 1 . 01 l onlioi,
'thereatter ft, Lu , electa to rtditeh''ld the •rre-tiou of
'idavery frond the people and to `subititnte their own
willlt i I ' ' ' d'''' majority • f all
for t at o a egally a.soertal ed o
their constituents, this would havo,..been instaistly
rejected.. Everywhere they retained thew to the -
resolutions adopted on a celebrated occasion recog
nising "the right of the people of rill Territdries—
including Entrees. and Nebraska—acting, `through,
the leaally and fairly. expressed will of a majority,, .
of actuirresiderits, •and whenever the .. mamba of ,
their itiblihitants justifies it, to firm a Conititution,
will or without slavery, and be admitted idto;tbe
Union upon terms of perfect eqtielity Irk*. this
other States." ..,. ...,., ,, ,y, ~
•t, The Convention to frame a Constitution for Kan-.
' dee met On the first Monday of •bepteMbenlast
'They were called together by , virtue of an act of the
Territorial Legislsture, Whose lawful existence' had
been recognised by Cbegreis in difforentforine and
by different enactments. A large propoition of the.
ciiiiens of Kansas did not think proper to register
their iiihra•tirfdtfintdfe'drthe eletition•for•delegatespw
but an opportunity to do this having been fairly af,,
toided, their ,refesal,„Mf. avail. themselves „ef.ttittli;>,
Agfa could liii no TM einerjaffeett•the legidity;of diet
COOTenticin. '
• e,. The rettlers then proceeded to frame a constitution
for'ankie, and finally adjourned on the 7th day of
Novetriber: alit little difficulty, occurred lo , the con- ,
yention excephen.tho l f„Mject ot slavery. • The truth
iithat the'genellif provisoins iif our' recent' , State
-conetitutioae are so sicoiltuanti;l:tnay add, to ex
•Cellent—that the difference between them ..js notes- •
u lential. Under
,the earlier, practice of the Govern
'tisient, id'arietitution framed' by the cdivention of a
.-Territory preparatorY Le itatedmiesion into the'Union •
as A State, had been submitted topic people.
_,I truat •
however, the example , set by the last Congriss, re
rtitiribg ttiletbe t Constitrition of minuesata..abaaid ,
~,t,... subject to the approval and ratification . r.r , f, the,
i o'piet,pftbe, prepotsed State,", may be followed en
•rfutitre'onetisithis: I took it'for granted - that thir con
,
rtientidn'bfraatistaar , siodld'ait 4n 'acerirdance with t
• "thief example, foundedos itas, on °correct principles, ,
i‘ etad hence my instructions to GOvernor Walker, in
s favor of submitting the''COnstitrtion' to the . peepte,
.'.were expressed to general and,atermalified terms.
- ,,,1 4 040 Keusaetand Nebraska , bill, however, this
jerAhirenienr;sui applicable td the whole Constittitiiiii
•had not been insetted; and the cbtiveintfoo , was nbt ,
fbou'nd hyping terms to stibmitany.portion of the,
_in- ,
'itruiment to ad election, except teat which relates to
:fliet"deinetltidinltitutitln" of 'slavery. ihis'will be'
„zendered closr by a simple ieference, to its language.
aft was not "leglelate a every Into • any new Territory.,
ser State: nltit' to excltitle it 'therefrom, but to leave the :
',people thereof perfectly free to term and mg - elite,
'',lbeiridorlieittio iiistitutionein'theirdwri way." `Ad-
.isordlifg iet• the plain+Chnittisucion of the sentence,
othelwords f!doinestienhistituticias" have •st, direct, u
sithey have an appropriate, reference to slavery.;
2 ..tittoniestie.snstitutions,,t are limited to the family.— •
..",`,Rber; relation„between, minsier.•:and..alaae..tu?d,st few
• ptheritare Identeatic a patitntionsf, and:.aie, entirely
~
etdistinct ?root , iasittetionti . pf . n, pendent :Character.
IlDesiddii, ihere'was no question ' then befriieSougress, ,
'ilitlindeed bas,there since been any serions,question
''liefurdttre"pedpfe'df Krinibli'oethe 4 iikinotri;_ except
that which refer ' rtd ' the' , "dom'estidinstitution" of
aki,e*Y.
' o „Thetelanventiois, after an angry and. excited debate,
liqsaly determined, by a majority of only two, &daub
miti tee question.of,slavery the people, tbough•at the .
hist forty- three of the fi ty delegates present affixed
their sign atures to the constitntion.
''.:4. large‘majjrity of the Convention were in favor
of pstablishingsdavery in K/108118. They according-,
ly unlertecr an article in the Cousiitution for this pur
pose - similiiiin 'form tti those'Whiehd hid been adop
'Aidtby other territorial conventions. -In thaschedule, t
itowever, providing for the transition from a territe
' rial Stra`titnee irieWßfia tnh'iMtlifitifiii"efiliPalfgeriv- 4
fairly and explicitly referred to the people, whether
they will have a constitution "mat ortwitbout Fla
very." It declares that ibeteire ;Alint constitution I
adopted by the convention s' shall tie - sent to Con
,gre s for adtnission into the Union as a State," an
• election shall w hite
held to decide this
,question, at
WWhich ill`the whiiiriale Inhablittntedf the'tertito
above the age of twenty-one are entitled to vote.
,p hey are to vote by ballot; and the " ballots cast at
mild election, shall be endorsed ,, d-Constitution with
'Slivery,' and . Constitution t witioao. Slavery.' " If
there be a majority . in kafvor"of the '" Constitution
I rith:Slavery;ff tldn.titeictos be tfanamitted to Con':
griss by: the President of the,Cenveritiim iii its origi-t
Mal form. '`lf:ifn i "th'e t iAtrier,ltbere shall be a nsa
jority, in favor of i tlie ;',Coastitajion with.aa-,§lave- ,
ry,',' ...' then the units e,providing for slaveiy shill be
*stricken from the ,Conatitution'by the Pre,ident of
the Conventionlihansisrials expresslysdeclaredethat.a,
"no slavery shall eaist in Kansas, except that the
right of property in Mayes M' .w in the territory shall
in no manner be interfifredfwithl aid liat•that event
it ii made his duty Whitveithef•Conitiintion thus
ratified transmitted to the Congress of the United
, Stites for the admission of the State into the Union.
Atithisielection every eitisen•willihave an.roppor
' turd ty of ( turpreNtasitog his opinion'by bis' vote "wheth
er Kansas shall be received inte*the Union with or
~,without•alavery;" and thus ibis -exciting question
may be'peacefully settled in the very mode required •
by thelloriertic lasi:"The eleetibia will be held ud-
I deg legitimate authority, and if any portion of the
inti l abiunts , shall rees.) to vote' , alai! opportunity
, to do l tni t havitiebeeirpfeletriect this wilt be their
own voluntary act, and thej'alone will be responsi
blej for theebonseqiitinceat us tra•t* t• •-., - • .
Whithdr`Krintfas nbill ' ii`e. 4 fiee' or a slave State"
nidsedveidttialry,'biider'sonti3 authority, - lie decided
by
, ' llll election; and the question can neve r be moro
eleariY i tifLdistinctli,preset;ted 'to the' pac'iphi'ibaa it
”ia , iit, •
the,presnet,,eiomen..t.,: fi lkould. Ala epoirtitefty
qle Heeled: she may biinvolved.foxyearain -.demos
cil'o;difseerd, andpessiblj ‘ in o civil war,, before she can •
.
~agrlitil , l44'the,plir i tkaher ! hdf,;''ati,id,y,iittikhitd,';' ''',..;'',
Kansas has • for some yearn ocoutiiii - 4.04,iinn0h.0r. - ,
eel patdio exvwd,tl higliii.o___
. - diredreirtif,W , 4Wc,,e1 , .
adniited into the Union, whether with or without
slavery, the excitemeot bayond ilier ieirreEtuits will
speedily pass away,oadlshe,Will,ith'entiAr the first
:dims be left, as she (mitt to have been long since, to
mainge her own affairs in her own way. If her coo
„Alit:noon on tbe subject of slivery, or any other sub
,Ject,„he dipleasing to a majority of the people, no.
shumaxiiower coin prevent them trim, ehrknging it
wi bin`a brief ;period. "'Under ' thdt:e eirennistaCees,”
r a t may melt be . inestiettiett• whether' thepeitee and
a epoofwbetiwkfole counirperatiot bf greiterimpor- .
a r,..hi,. p..,......,,e ?.
wPgr4l3s triumph
, 3 , 0 ,f. either of .
N pnittiii'm paties in Kansas.'
! 3 31fatidthellatritistitutfonlwirliont' slinirry he' adorttar. •
:
, „eP l 4 .7tithlatOttliel,q.oelMeitarit.ra the IlebMa
S Prof,-;
',„ erty l idslaveanqhip,, b the territery are reseryett t Tbe,
I ..nuni6er Ofill'efpgAerjPlttlill; but ifit were intuit' . •
the pitit t iModapNinidbatitattellrjust 'and laiabottbla.
Ttietle.eleivtibli‘laQ-krfrAhttaiatt , th.e.egetAit'fifteader
tbt Coostitution of the United States, anti are ,now
the Woperij i iiP r itielP ritiittieiti." This ifiiiie ioadat•' '
length beentftnallyt . deoidedrhytthet highestdjudieial
trilutialpf„thik,country 7 and ,tbiN ' viten the . , plain
t pin'eretr e that wben a eoßfederaey of sovereign
~ St les•l94niitid'nele tertitoryian'berluint expense,
•bc'tb.,emeality..andj a stirat demand . that,the eitisee of.
tone and all pt them shall baysthe right to take into'
"it yrhalsin4ers t iiii•e&ignißed'its PitiipertY by the ' com- ..
iiint - Odustitudibri.l , To rhavelminataritY opthiscated.:
E ;th property tin slaves already in the Territory,
writ uld have been an act of gross injustice, and con
yip, thn,pnietiessuif the ol der States Union
1 % , ibh have abolished talitYel . .„ ' ' - of,
. 4
, ~,,,,i,„,.., ~,„,,..,,,i,..e.,.., ,a. -e......bedirok, Utah . "
.14 set: JrCori g t•i'se' approi4d the ' 9th Firtensber:'
Iqso, and the Constitution and laws of the'Unitedt
%totes were thereby extended•over it "so far as the
sametor any, prniisionse tbereett'may. be applidable4
' t Tbitritet provided fur the appointment by, the Presi- .
, dint, by and with ~thel'eflytee• aLd 'consent of the,
•• Senate, of a Governor, who was ,to be ex:officio en ;
perintendent of Indian affairs, a Secretary; three
indges`of- the , SuPreme•Coort, a• CI &rebel and a Die-
Ittict Attorney. Subsequent acts provided for the
,
• appointment of the o ffi cers necessary to extend our
land trod .our lodtan_ yatem over the Territory.
1 'Brigham Young was appointid 'the "first Governor
lea the 201h : Septeinher, - 1850,' and bais bald the office
over since. Whilst G,overnor Young hair been 'both
.-410 Vernor ,and,TEuperintendont ot,,lndian Affairs
tlirptigho,pt tbis,period p he has been at the same time
,tbe heit,d Orthe l urch called the Latter Day Saitiffr'"
- abdprofesstes'te lovernbite "nsemberi arid:dispose of ,
' , their , property by o.kiy4qt A loppirat4on4lllldAntborrA„,
vigo r the Almighty. ; : His • pewer,bas heen; theAtfore,
•itollite over both bEritch and b r tate''' '',''' • s'.'
The'people of Utah'eahhosteiclusively, , belong to
is ehurch.- and,. believing ;that a danatical eplitit .
itt be is Governor:of tbe Territory by 'Divine ap:
poliitmentr the,/ obej hiWhorimihifda ais'if these were
direct • revelations from /Heaven. , 'lf,,lthexcfpre,,•he
'idiom:es th',.t, hie,gownmtnt shall ,Come in collision
with the,Government ° dile UnitedWtates, the'inem:'
fiere'of the' al orm oti ChuiCh Will yield implicit idie
llientie to,hls wi11.. , ~,PnfortsmatelY, existing
_facts
&eve but li tie doubt thatomeli is his determination. ,
Vitheutfrilering into iiininufe'hieforYlif oeCurren
,. ces, it is sufficient to say that all the ,officers of the
unitadstam*aipAkiig,Lick ez.matimai)las..o,.r2gto
exception of two Indian agents, at 3 10110 Ci i t ne
cessary for tasty own pence,' pafety , ,, to wphdraw
from the territory,- and there no l lobger remains any
' govenrment-in Utah but the despotism of Brigham
Yoo . ,ejk t gAist l io g the, f to - nai,t ,t i t ,k
i i?f:affichii,n , the '
Territory,
„Leon fg inet,rnifAtker i'pitil draaty.' AV i',.;
, cbiefahlagistrate, I was,betuid i restore, theLetipret
, Macy of the Constitution and laws within its limits.
' in orderfiq'effeet thin' Phrietifio I appointed a new
.rvernor and 'offier ' federal' .. 6 fl icers'fbr Vhsh, and'
ens with a,tbeur militaiy foice for' their protection,
il l •nd to aid,as a,pdessit 'oomitatus, in case of need, in
t fititlexeentiee Pft the . I .4"tEtkt' t
' "' 31 1 1 , i
t. rWith • lbw religious opieiona o '' f thelformopts,..47i
tong as they remained mere opinions, howevermie-,
pldrcbla , in • theinselvS6.and revolting to the - moral
1, at4,teligtetip septAni/nite:ikf ~ p l:Christeednia;: I had •
po.riitit
to,interfere.:l4clictnsalene;,wbekitt vidliA ' tiontof the constitutiontan laws of theXiiited Stately
become the legitimate subjects for the jurisdiction of
~•
the 'ciit i lingailaii - afel-Ny•instrnctions tot Gove rnor '
uronaitag r herte I ,tipshefore been framed in strict act' = '
1 rda
ome wiiktiseate,pA e
ciplh At their dike "i9kLitie
t I ,
i as 'indulged that no necessity might exist for 'dm
- • phlying the military in restoring and maintaining,
i Abe auttiority.of.the law; but this hope has now rico
• • ished. Gov. Yl:ung has, by proclamiition, declared
.lie determination to maintain • his power.. by Myr°,
Amid hatraiready cotamittei nets of hostility tiga.nst
• - the United States. • Unless he sbiitild retrace his
steps the Territory of Utah will be in a state of open
rebellion..' lie h .8 committed 'them:rants of-hostility
notwithstanding Major Van Visit, an ullic,r of the
army, mein to Utah by the commanding General to
' '• purchase Pruiriaimis fur the troops, had -given him .
i ' -: the tt trongemt assurance", of the peaceful intentions of
; the government, and that,. the troops would only be
employed as a posse comitiatias when called nn by the
. civil authority to aid in the execution of the laws.
There is reason to believe that . Gov. Young has
long contemplated .this result. • lie knows that the
continuance of his despotic power depends upon the
exclusion of all settlers from tife Territory except
- , those who will acknowledge his divine mission and,
implicitly . obey his will; and that 'in enlightined
!public iipini-n there would soon prostrate institu
tions at war with the laws of both God and man.
- He has, iherefore, for several years, in order to main-..,
1 tarn his itidependeneo, been indmoriously emploYed •
- in collecting end fabricating. arms and muuitiun of
War, and in- disciplining the Mormons for military
. • service. As superintenti.mt of Indian affairs he hati -
had an opportunity of tampering with the Indian
' 'tt ibes; and exciting their hostile feelings against the .
• -*-'"United States. This, according to our information, , •
be boa accomplished in regard to some of these
tribe;, while others have remained true to their alle- •
giance, a nd'have communicated his intrigues to our
Indian agents.. .
.. , •
lie has laid in a st..re of provisions for three years
which, in - case of necessity, as he informed Major •
Van Vleit,. he • •.•111 conceal, "and then take to the
, -mountains, and . bid defiance to . all the ;powers of
~..
goiernment."
A greht part of this may be; idle boasting, but ye,:. .
r no. wise • government will lightly estimate the efforts;,
which mailio inspired by *ueh pbrensieet I nnati
°ism s exists among the Mormons of Utah. 'This •
is the first rebellion which has existed in our Terri-.
toriesy and humanity itself ; requires that we should ;
Put it down in such a manner that it shaill be the •
last. To trifle with it would be to encourage it and
! , .render it formidable. We ought to . go there with •
/web an imposing force as
,to convince these deluded
pecplettiat resistancetweiuld be vain, and thus spare
the effusion of blood. We can in thia mi.dner beat
• .• convince them that we - are their friends, nut their,
enemies. •In order to accomplish this object it will
•• be necessary, according to the estimate of the War
Department, to raise four additional regiments, and
~ this I earnestly recommend to Congress.
.. .. I recommend to Congress the establishment of e
territorial government over Arizona, incorporating
1 with it' such portions of New Mexico aathey may
..• deem expedient- , I need scarcely adduce arguments -
in ,support of tbia recommendation. We are hound
to 'protect the livea • and the property of our eitiiens
.
•; inhabiting Arizona, and these
.are now without any
; 'efficient protection. Their . present number is al
- reedy considerable, and is rapidly increasing, not.
.`. withstanding the disadvantage under which they Is
bor. Besides, the proposed Territory is believed to
)ia, riot' in mineral, and agricultural resources, es-.
' peoially in silver and copper. • The mails of the
United States to California. are now carried over it ,
- thi.otighout its whole extent, and this route is kuown
tolbethe nearest, and believed to be the beat to the
•• Pacific.
~... Long experience his deeply convinced me that a
- f strict construction of the _powers granted. to Con
• grist' is the only true, as well as the only safe, thee
. : ry a of the . Constitution. Whilst thief principle "shell'
~.! guide my public cooduct, I consider It clear that un-
der the war making power Congress may appropriate :
• ' money fur the construction of a military road
' . ..through the territories of the United States, When
this is absolutely necessary for the defence of any
of the States against foreign invasion. The,Consti
tution bag conferred upon Congress power "to de- •
. ;claire 'war," "to raise and support armies," "to pro
vide and maintain a navy," and to. call forth the
militia to "repel invasions." These high sovereign
• - powers necesbarily involve important 'and responsi
,.....ble public duties, and among them there is noue:ao
sacred and so imperative as that of preserving our soil
trim the invasion of a foreign enemy. ThccOnstitu.
tkinibutoxpressly requires that "the U. States shall"
protect each of them (the States) against invasion.'
rim,. if, a niilitory road over our own. Territories
lati indispensably necessary to enable usto meet and
rePel'the invad r, it follows as a necessary eons.- -
~ .quence not only that we poscess the power, but that
.-,.. it is our.. imperative duty to construct such &road:
. .. . .
• . It would be an absurdity to invest a government'
. with the unlimited power to make and condiet, war, •
. and at the same time deny to it the onlymeans of ,
ar reaching and defeating the enemy at the frontier.
-, Without 'such a road it is quite evident we Cannot
• • "protect!' California and - -our Pacifist .possessions!
~ "against invasion.". We.cannot by any other means
' : trausP-rt men and munitions of 'war froth the Arlan
tie States in sufficient time successfully 'to defend •
„the:ea - remote and distant. portions of the republic....
Experience iitis. , proved that the routes, across
the Isthmus of Central America - are' at best '
bet a very uncertain and unreliable mode of com
manioation. . . .
. . .
But even if this were not the case, they would at
once'be citified against ns in ihwevent of war with • •
a naval power, so much stronger than- our own as. ,
.', to it, to blockade the ports at either end, of, .
~.. these routes. After all; therefore, we can only rely
upon einilitery road 'through our own • territories; , :
.. .and ever •since•the origin of the •governmont , Con-
~. epos has. been, in the practice of - appropriating m . 0.:
- :nay froM the public treasury for the comitruction of
. ; stiet(roildit: • .
~•;.: ;Thei difficnitielt, and expense of constructing a '
. .militar,y ‘ tailroed to connect our Atlantic . and Pa-.
~ eioo States been gteatly - exaggerated: The •
distance on the Arizunin route near the 32d parallel, -
of;north latitude, between the, western boundary of
"-Texae,oi. the Rio birande and the . eastern boundary
;. of dalitoniia on the Colorado; from' the' hest expl&t ,
• ration. now - within our knowledge, does.net exceed .
470 miles, and the face of the couelry is, in the
'Jinni:), favorable. Fur obvious reasons the Gfutierri':
-,- went' Ought riot to :Undertake the' •work itself by..
.
means of its own .agents. This ought to be..ptitn
; mitted.to other agencies , which Congress might sia . -
~..teiitt Ciiiilet: by ;rents °flood or 'money, of by' both..
• oven inch teritis and conditions as they may' deems:
Most. beneficial. to: the
.country. Provision ,mighty
ttiva be made.not only foilhe safe, rapid Wed lieu
nOtuiddi transpertetitin of 'tioops and •niiiiiitiiiiii 'of
wor.,:••llut also of- the public. mails. .••.: - • :•• • ..- -
• 'The commercial interests of the whole
.qountry,
both east and west., would be greatly promoted by
atich a road; and, above all; it'would• be a powerful
~:additional bend ofnuionl!Aud altlibugh.acivantegee-,.
• . Lof this kind, tvhethe, postal, commercial,.orpolitical t
.
cannot - confer . constitutional - power, yet they'may -
fund h auxiliary arguments in favor of expediatiog . '
- la•work.whieti,-.in my judguient,is clearly embraced..
. -within the war making power :, . , •
For these reason. I e, 1, men I to the f terillly consider&
• Linn of Cutter est the subject id the Pacifier. tro-d, without
nnaly coo mit los mys• It to stay peak:nisi n.u.e.
Te.- r pint of -he Oihretery, of.: the 'treasury ail' tars
, .nlsh a deal ed rtat , meta in the con !Jou of tit- pubde
to meet and of !he pespet tive beauc ea or toe pyblevaq , /.
..vicetievuived upon that. uepar •mer.t 01 the goverr.Mad t
'By thfi. repo -t It appears Atm t' a 'amount' of revenu.444: '
. et I v'eth fit m all sittraes Into the tree. ury dining the. slaw(-,,
y , ar. i.ndl 2 the 20 0 1 of June 18 7, ow- sixty-eight triliz'
• ll
...Bon 'tax hundred and thirty-One thousand five bzuldreaftind'•
• • thirteen dollars and. sixty-scven cents; ($BB 681,613 87.)
• Vlimh ationat, with the bslance of nineteen million Mile
hundred and one thousand three hundred and twenty-tive -.
'dollars and forty-five cents; (V 9,904826.45) remaining Id ,
• the treasury-at the comenenc - uncut of the year, Made .an
" . t
to for the service of -the year of eighty-eight mil
-
mil in. live hundred and thirty-two thousiuid eight hundred
~,,abd thirty-tifni dollars , nd twelve cents, (V 03,532,837.124 :
' '
_,•3 he Penile" ese.ndhures tisr tie 6.-ca, year- ending ,St th •
..i.June, lea. amounted to seventy mi lion elaht ti mdred and
I,k, 4-I,WO i to.uiand ies en hood , 'I and t, , ett -four dot
lira and elehty-fi. e seine; m 57042 Bt4 85) of Vehlet nee nig
dot. hine.buton ad ono kitty : tele. tit Inland eight ' , veered'
and tiloely.stx nollare and ninety of e rents ($s 143 , 595 89 .:
.. Wel e aware i to the red motion et thepublbitlebt,h4,udlog •
... lowest. did nonsluin teaying In +he ttea-nry at 'be ro,n.
••• au: imemetit of thelifrieeent d''-eel • p ar; on the lot Jolly, 1827,
..., ea. meen mitdoii.weven lati.dred and•lVlA•thotv ; and one, • ,
' linear 0 an,, tonneau do.lar. aim twenty seven cents,
710,114 27.) " - ' •--
. The eget pla into lite treasury for the art quarter of the
. , pr , 6.11t naval 3 ear, atiMmenctrg 14 July, 1821, were MO,-
'9.9,819,81, and in., :earilitied recelp a ofi he remaining
. . tin. , n.,art-rs. to the 30th • Jane,ls4B: art' ig4.3O,XXX). Mak'
lilt with the. halance be fo re a:Lard an, aggreg.te uf $75,539,-
934A8, lire' be vervice of. i he imresentilseal 5 ea,.
... .
• Toe actual ex oen.llturea dnrwg the drat qaart.4 Of•the •
present fiscal year voete...taie,ty-thrte million toren Mtn-
• ~ Ored and I.urteru the maid:live bun Teo. md twenty-eight •
' il..ilars. a• d thlitylw, J ,. -; - tet, 03,714328 37,) or mulch
three million eightli 't.''t 'II:. • ti hitt...Sy-rive tit. WOW IWO
lineitred andthlityri G . and thirty-nine cents ($3,:..
813.231 39,) were eptillir . the redemption 'of the pnsllc
ct.iir, Inc tiding ihtereat an-t -pi emium.
1 he. potable expenditure of the ;remaining three quar
ters, to alble.lunri 1858, or fifr.3..pne cunnim two hundred
and torty tight th .ftran.l five bar Bred ono thirty terra dol
lars and rim" moils, (851.248,e30telr9uelitdIng Interest on the ~
.
pubic debt, melon& au asgta-g it te or ees,nty -four mirtoa
tune our/Oren - and abity.ilirea ifionaand fifty-eight collative
-. 15'.. 1 ferty-one.cen.s, (574965953: 41) I,aring an aailmated
-balance 1n the treasury a' -he' 'dose or two ,"sent fiscal:
,J- : yeitr o', four bunted and twenty-six thousand eisht bun
'dre•i and bevents•five dollars and sixty-seven costa (1428;-'r
87367.
The amount of the public debt at the commencement of
the present Basal year, was twenty-nine millionaamixty.:.
• thousand three hundred and eighty - six dollars and ninety '
, •cents (29,09,9813 90.) • ' :,t P1 , r.,,., •,,...
,- • The 1111110.3111. redeemed SIPCO the tat cf July. was ,ihre
ini'doi '
elobt handle:stand ninety aVe thortuttn3•Vienfi an .
• . 'died aid thirty two killers sad thirty-Moe ceuta,,(?,99 ,ys4 .
' , 34 ) -leaving ... balance, u • recermea at this time: o f t wenty =
unwed' lions, one hen ere d and six. y live , tionsanti. tnehun. • •
tired and fit y Jour co lari and Aft-o,ue cent.. (25,165 15e 51 ).
• Toe amount or estimated expenditures fur tree )ettleilb/og
•
t'- tee (matters, o: the present
.seal }ear will. In all irobse
bil ty , be Incr. ased 'mom the Cstlaesael.lOttll hi the. report •
or the secretary. ills anggeattou, therefore, tb.t anther to
'
- - should be given to suppl any temporary celletency by the - 1
tteue of a iindred nuM nee Of Treasury not es, Is approeta,
aid L accordingly retotilmeod the'pasaage o. such a law_ ..
I transmit herewith the reports made to me by the Sec
retaries of War and the Navy, of the Interior and of the
postmaster General. They all contain valnable and Mr
pormut information and suggestions which I commend t 0 : ,.;
the favorable consideration or Congress. . •
..as stat e d in the report of the Secretary, the tariff cif
, March 3, 1357, has been in 'operation or eo short a period ,
• of time, and, under circumstanced so unfavorable.to a jrat • '
developement of its results as a revenue measure. distil '''.:
should regard it as inexpedient, at least for the present, to
undertake its revision.
Ihave already recommended the raising of fonr addl
. tional regiments, and the report of the Secretary of War
yresents strong reasons proving this .increase of the army,
under exiiting clictirdstances, to be Indispensable
1 Watii.l ' coo li t • e .apt stet altentinn .1 Coogr' sa to the re.
conimendatlon of the Secretary . of the Navy In foyer of •
1
th- ixinstiuctlon of ten email war iteamera of light draught- r 1
For inure ye, ra the Government has been obllg. d on
. mane °cattle. a to. litre such steamers from Inderlduais to
' matt , v its Mesita* w me. At tho•preatent msme , t we
have no armed vi awl in thelvavy which can cenet ate the .
rtoernot China , We have but (-or which ran enter soy of •
the barbeie rentn .4' Norfolk, iattiough 'many 'Mama of '.
l foreign and do , estic commerce.anenany pus In and out ~
• . ...)f three harbors.
; 'Some or co r most valueb'e Interests and most suloerable.,
. polota are Maslen expOsed...Pds,_cless of V eltiela. of light
~.
'. thanght, great lip ed, a nd Lein , " guns would •:e forMidable • •
i letlan ceasttd4no- - The Cott or tivir o nstnnttootinn
I D9til* Itrear,,and th'er6wo i reauh r
,byn. a qompais9velY
: small expeadttnie to keep - IlieWißecnnintsitote '4O titmt.n
yearn they ev'll prove as effective al touch berm woo,•
end of 'en fitore
(go of L'Alia,Obplll ,l bast every ‘totion.whore vre no•O•
tett, a squadron; an thweior four , hoololie eon. t iiiit
loved on. (OUT al,Wat4eauo. l'oeito . c.,ort.. 2:comae, „
ity and effitiene• - 2 , omht eto • orlon' nd Otter, Re 1,. , •
dligo•tsou t.• Tell.ol4neSe tvouli
culable a4vattt r tblbe naval ,ervit e on• tin v h
et' Uri tr conetructkartonbt ;Cot eice.d *2 aoato, ru,'
• 020 etch.
The report of the Secret ”y tte Int- riar-is worths or
grave cout.'dt Tali n. It treat, • f the netue - ou •
and diver•itied ranch. sot come tic ad niti.Va rl tuts
cd to him by taw. Aniotat these, tto• Inear pr ['Alit
the Lt are
paella Wei& an 4 ottr ions tth the Indians
Oil system for the dlspcsal of th - lanue,
tine with the fathers o. th • ritpab fc, /vac been fmpra t ,..; ‘ , - ;
tip •rieuce pointed the. War. a.-n gtsaua , lY thq t
growth and es lenient ot our went rn Tent,„
ries. it has worked well In practice. A reads thlnseq
Blatt +and seven Territorlea have bee-. cart. &i out% p, l+
1at.41. Via 'still mbrw thats'a thouttand million. of aa..,
t h
meat unsold. Wh• t a bountl'ess prospect thus pie. rah Li
one country of futcie pro-oer ty and neve ,1
We have her. tufore alerted of 333.804,464 acres of
parole and. • - •
W tatlet the putille land-i ass slam. of revenne e' tf ghat
inn °nonce. theft' Inepertarice 1.. tar an a 4 r iu.• 1•A of
homes ,fpr a hardg„gral.txulrpimtlott.race of boor., 44 L.
• dustrioda' ettlzth , Vithi'deittitto sutidtii• at d cnicte a ,,
soli They ou obe atiminin er-t1 main'y With a leer
promoting this end. hence° ant yolk". lu aparag h t,
saint the.' ter auy oth r purum.eore %At to a t ere a
greater econ•any their if ship blur been couarrud
in mey and-the proc4ids were ahead, to the public
WT.
.1•0 vender away this ticheFt and nobles Phertt e t ee
which soy people have ever eoJoyed upon o J eis 01 .
cs.obtlul cons Itotloos Hy sod oeutene
violate uoe of the mos , boportsot truerkeyer e wit(
any peoph, Will et Tdo use W. zr to Cuter,. th,
when cttng bottall le as prourlets.„ to pee ap.l pi siir ;
of toem tor the . 'pe poSe Of Mery 'Moe . 'the vs e.
mated• r, yet, t ots-I.lerine erest •engratos, to ste%
0 , t ote pouniri , weecatmott e to 0 du lout to uses eb o.
awn 1 settlers underexta , lng laws are wore ten • FA;
Other pu , chegera ak , the pUbite ti, • their .1. h. ef t , r
monism. to the silent 01 u qua ter es- tto,., or :GO Cr..„f
las t. Tbo 't•Mitud4 May then 11 Map. tfro of p,,b, t
entetcd a private sale iII u awl ed s u e s t „,l”.
tlyetuhitkoh ItedeOr late yea's 'revs' ed to a g
to the pabh , lambi.. The cooarq?el.ce has beeu ha , ate,
pont', r thern'have beehreke the et-Apathy m I q,a.d„...,
an, commodes, pod,' hus lb- pike has ,dr- enlist' e s%
11 10 , e » Ir. deistic to porch :te /or aims . eptilem. 1 ,1 . It, to
der tonna% this weep( epe,ulath - n es much a,. pthsNe.
e a t tie luu ,f th e I , ;(lhin itti, and the eltensl di o teat 4;t,
heeorveys oUitlit only it' Cp.' pace with the ttleo tad.
Vat
11 Cosaress olf6ll,lh4eoftse *Ant, itternate vet on. t,
&ate. or Csropsote , ., as they have tom- e rtt.
ornmetut that the Ito ein•e•latts- eectiotoi . let vned 6s- L t
.6o.ve =tent ehattia be subject to. pre-eh:plot.
it ugbt -ver to tr. our corttnal policy to erserre Übe .
lattue a • Mich au mir br actual *settler:, ann :t
food •te.pricco: prke rntll toys t out). bet ro ut: •he
p osnerey of , nr near li:to' es Ter ritorl7; •nd th.. tt. .7
of toe trt.t.tn, but shalt axon. e. honer for. our ports :ur
tit • tr;e-ri,ttltt•
The extension of oar unlit has, brought within r .
diet, ell man, a. ditional and 0.. t. of
larue pia of whivn a P .1, untraetoble • and dittl.ed
town rot. ,Pr dat .ry, and wa 11. e in ihelr 41, 5p0- - 11
h,ot LA., pi num/sine e 'altogeth. , to ret:treb; in in num
cow... Mine agare-si. us on each other. dAI. •at 1, D. Qt tw
from! ,r lola-tie; and e armee, too , 0.0131 01 1...4, t. s
and terrnuriee. Hence expet,s Ye mi IL.ra ex t o. di a:e
frequo.ly e'a.ry to °Yerevan 'clittsit.• lie cane
141.71-10 end ho:ti:e.
Th • p.t sk.t eyatem or m . no them valuaole 1 ,, e 4 -at
left lence trieo..to te , ettin a. pace ovml in. If .1;4.
it I. ti 4eve i to De 'the b. tt• r tio'ict to . 4 .10, tie t
suitable rocas fed .wavre Illie,y,cas. re, ive
, a e
of education atitf 'grachisdi %due. d ed h.b 4
laduat f.. , far as. the rap-rime/A iota btou t I. d .t 1:6
watk• a well In oraCtici„ an • is or , doubt re. t rove to br
lea: ex p n dve thstul nreeentsy ; ta m....
The .ensin of poet 'tied- In 1817 wa - 408316 mil. s; P
14U42 mi ie.: . I 1867, 183,8111 , m11.0;.and.-0 OP- • ear lei. 6
tour' were 1,.12,601 .1 e- at pee load, to I.t. big 21 580
of rail 0.6 ou which the mai s are. transport d.
The expenditures for the department for the fiscal fear
ending on the 30th Joao, 1857. as 'adjusted by the Auditor
amounted to $11.507,b70..,, To defray these expenditure.,
there was to the Credit of the department on the Ist hie,
1856, oho amn . of idtT9,soo; .the gross" revenue of the year,
including the annual allowances for the transpolatiLe
free mail matter, produced 118,053,951:- and the remainder
was supplied !by the,appropriation from the tn-a,ury
$2.25.000 granted by the act of Congress approved Angel
18, 1858; and by the appropriation of $688,883. mode by
the act, of March 3, 18'07, leaving 8252,7133 to be carried ti
the department in 'the accounts of the current year.
commend to your consideration the report of the dela*
meat In relation to the establishment of the, overland moil
route from the Mississippi river to Fan Francisco, edam.
nit. The route was selected with my full concarrence at
the one, in my judgMent. best calculated to attain the is,.
portant objects contemplated by Congreme.
Tho late disastrous monetary revulsion may hare not
good effect should It cause both the government and the
people to return to the , practice of a o ise and judicious
economy both in pnblic and prliate expenditures
An •oemilowing treaanre.b•s lea to babbs • f pridi ;Kitty
. and extravagance In our legislation. It fat In need Con
gress to Make large appropriations to cOe t- co; wh.eh t ey
never would have provid.d had It t een neeessery for
the amonnt'of revenue reqstred to meet them.by increase
ferret .n or be lean.. We are now compelled to paetie In
our career, and to•scruthrse oar, xpeaditures with the ut
most vb.lisuce; and In per orming tats duty, I pledge my
cooperation on to the es'. ut of my coustittu ioovl con. ()e'en
It. ought to he ousel, ed. at the e. me time, that true Dub•
tic economy does pottery/Ist to wlthholdlne the mean. ne
ceatary to accomplish ti Important natio. al objects intrusted
to us by the Consft nt.n, and especially sow, as may he
necessary for the common defence. In the p ment mists
of the - country tt Is cur duty to canine our +per priations
. to objects of.ttja character, n ntesr In emes whetej slice to
Inclividuali may demand a .tiff rent Canoe. In all COW,
, care °nib!. .to be taken that. the o nary granted by era.
grass chill be falti fobs. and ecimomtcally spinet, fated.
Under th- . .federal..oonstitution, "every hid w Nan Shill
have passed the /lon .e or Replesen "dives and the Sins e
• eetta'_,l before It becomes a 111,,,7 be approved ago! lane Iby
the Prasi ant; an 1 . , If not approved,' he shalt is tam it stiff
his o ijections to thus Thouredn which it o.tineted," 10 or
derup perorm tins hbh and raspeusits'e day, snffictert
time Meat be alkotred , .ti a President to read sod examine
ever; bill weeented to him for approve Un eat thi- be at.
foraed,shelitinstration become- a den I letter nn ibb. par-
Dental; and even worse,ll..hei ernes a means of decep't v.
yauttng ents, seeing We' Free Idett's . approval stg
netum tocbedtueach act of 0 ugre-s, are Wine ots
lieve'that be has 'actually pertbriwll. t'us duty, when, In
truth. bottling Is, Inrrieny.c.ofea. mote unfound.).
From the practice of COntresnlatch • IA; exaainetlun of
each binds the elonstltutioaxequlrve,has been rend., el :a.
passible. ' The Most Imliortiut' buLlseis ot , each set-I 1 , 1 Is
i.generallymewaed, Into Rs te - t dente, and altlrtat e
iprei.ented so the Preabledt IS iithe'r to violate the C
tkmal duty. rabic) lie.,,itves,to the P. °ply, and slam, bi
'which; for Want of tlfne;lt'ls empossib'ehe should barn ..x
an.tned. or:by hiti rebut is do.thiv. sublect thdlOWlttj and
Individuals to g eat to san i tnionvente nee.
Besides, Spractlcer has grown uo lot late years to Itch.
late in appropriation bills, at the last hours o the ses..ion.
nevi and irntwitint'subleCts • 7 This 'practice (*unities
l ithe President either ..,to suffer . reassures to . :Roane lava
'Which he does not arprovi, or to Incir the risk of stop
ping theserlfeeMelthe government by vetoing an appro.
priation bill. , Formerly, such bills were confined to -ye.
apprOpriations' for - carrYideruto effect exiating laws
and the well estahltehed policy. of the:country, and little
time was then *Mild by the 'President for their exam.
'lnation.
For zny,,ourn part, have deliberatively determined that
I abal' appiove• - no hill'whiCh I havetiot exantined. and it
will be at case of metrentoand argent necessity which eball
fiver induce me to depart from "this' rule. • I therefore il
spectfully, buteasnestlyo recommend that the two Homes
would allow the President at least two days ;devious to
the lidjoiirnment •of • eitch- eataton within which no new
bill shall be, presentectto., him P.r approval. Under the
eiating joint rule' ride dif is allowed; bat this ink let
been -hitherto hitherto so , constantly,auspended in practice, titit
'important hills continue to be presented to him up till the
very last moments of the session. , '
•Irea large majority of cases ,no, great public inconveal
n
.... •
ece can aris'e from the Want or time to examine their pro
visions. because the Constitution • , hat declared that It a
bill he relict:lied t• the President Wallin the last ten Oa
•tif the ites4ori'lle return it, either with
, an :approvalcirtajtlta veto, ‘.• in which case it shall not be
a law:" lc may then lie over, and be takon op and paned
at tba'rji - it'sessitfuJ.GreaLlinconvenience would only be
exneilenced in regard to appropriation bills; but torne
nately, under the late excellent law allowing a salary. in.
,stead of. a'per,diem,ltomembers .of Congress, the expense
and inconvenience of • calka - elisidion will be greatly re
duced: •t , ~ —(•s
I cannot, conclude without cominending.to your fiver&
ble eonahlei ihe liitereste 'of -theclieople of chic Die
,friefft•,:Wttholleoa repr,taientittlye 00 the , fitior of Cougni
they have for this very reason' 'claim upon ant
jusureitard.'":Tathia.l.knowii from tag Icing acousintano ,
tvktlt ttrul n they are enziatiptly entitled.
, - • -%retkliflt:l ItUCELiIfdY.
Wasarxer9f,ZecemJar t,IUI
AT VTIPTIPB 4 BIFE B T 8 .
WM
A iurntries*
9 &
BANKERS, AND DEALERS IN
1,4, SILVER, BANK NOTM AXCLIANGE, TTY'S
ARA) CI?.IITITICATRS 4 OS DAPOSIT
o t gliatteipai Cities.
INTIMTIAILD ON Tiiire . DEA?sivs:
Cornar Poilith find Smitlifibld*treets,,
RV7sßuyiGH, PA.
•
New Yorly :A; 5 .: TXR .,.. N . ...8X .. 0 : 1 : 71 11 4! . 2. 1. E . . : 1; 11. . 24 .
prosirvin.
r`PhiladelphßOW:llloM.
Clactinnitti' i•••• . 1(
-
BANK 7°-
ran
012*- 3
Ohio 3
Virginia; 0•1
Indiana...., .
Kburucki,'' 3
Missouri; ..,.; 3
10
Michjgan,
lo
Maio, ..., -
Wiaconsin. 10
N. Carolina, 10
I SlOarolina, 10
10
Tennessee,
10
treahria, , . 10
Alabama,
10
Canada,
Gold in demmiTat frinn ftO 4 per eent.'prem.
, .
'lli' eili* abi4e tridOtatcons, Pittsburgh anspe.nded Bast
I
ofes axe taken,s-the.par standard.
:.,
piefebargb Banta, par
Philadelphia Banks, ' par
Other Eastern I.lk, ,•• • -Par
Interior Pa., 3
New`En'gland Danko, .8
Ne w., ,,York City, 1,4
- g t , te ,
agewlerney,
Delaware,
Baltimore. pail
Maryland, 0 , 0 1
MetrictUquitibli,'
• • 7 , 441% .!•p
IefIeMICAPAIBLEAT
CIO,IIII or THEPRS
E'
,YTERIAN'BOARD. ' ' , l - .
ID" Jrpylee-of Gold ;.oris ,Worti l In-Season to Young Men
and 2it r omon. By the Rev. Thomas Brooks. author of the
', l tl,tite Christian, di. ' lilmo4;poN2ftli Price 30 and 35 cods
, ,It OurrTheolorf.ln ins Dtwelopmeuts. By R. P. Buss
.
-pbrey, h.D., pastor of 'ilid So•und Presbyterian Chun+.
,Zotilttrills, Kentucky: 18rno., pp. , 90. Priori 15 and '...n
cents. •
! ; MI. Faith the Principle of Missions. By Thomas Eallibt
1 D. D., : of Charleston, South Carolina. lEmo., pp. 10. ?rit e
15 cents.
DT: Mitt Itnth;. , or, Persecuted, not Foreaken. By th e
author or Ella Clinton - 18mo., pp. 237. Price 30 and 35
cents. With l iiigiavinge.. -
V. The Little ,Cirlts.Trearnry of Precious Things
piledCom-
by Annie &Woks.' 18mo, pp. 168: Price 25 and 5 0
cents'. ~ - " - 7 , , :.; . ,
' 71. The Little Boy's Treasury of Precious Things. Cer o-
idled by Addle:" 18tho., 238. Price 30 and 35 cents. ISO
engravings.
' I VII. Marion Hanle; a Tate of Persecntion In the Fero , '
teenth Century. By the anther, of Alla Clinton sod Aunt
Ruth. 18mo., cp. 279. Prioa 35 and 40 cents. With '`'.-
itimiliMgravings. ... ' , . •
FILL Tbst'Bvenistg Visit. iSmo., pp. 84. Price 15 sod '.. ,0
LX. Meditations in. Sickness "and Old, ;ire By rf‘t . t s ' t
W. Noel. M.A. " 13m0., pp. 114. Prlce lb and 20 e.ids.
• , - X: .Tne Meet Ledy • a Alemoir. of, Nrs.,Butuu Catbsrfre
Bott,of,P,eteraburg, Ilrginin.. By A. 8 T au y uu dt. ILIL.
of Rew Yo'rk: 18roo,vp. 19112 'Pete 25' and 30 rents
• 'XI. The Refuge. By the authpr, of the Outdo. to Derscrti e
Ineptness.' 12Mo , J. 227.' 'Price?4o einte.
'XII. Daughters at echool ; rinstructeC in a series of 1.. f ce
term. By By the Rev. Eufas W. Bailey. 12m0., pp.' Pri
XIII.. Thoughts on Prayer ;_lts Rots—lts form—fir SO'
jecte—its ltrwouriumi . ntil--itti' Blessings BY tfrn aik"
1
.Grbeit teat pester of! the. Wallabon tf.Pre, el terign r I,uvb of
Brooklyn, New York. 12ino ,pp 155. Price 35 cents.
XLV NOteg 071' Ih4 tdrp444. 143 'huger. sr. W. Jacobus ,
D D. - Together.withltneations on the same. 7s cents each.
The Gospels are 16 thisegolinner, price
'The Questionslare kitfour•Tolumes, price .81 5 0 Per dr oo/4
net, or 15 cents each.
. . ' '3(1011 A ENGLEl3;Publishing Agent
. ."1. 13 4ri:, 14
ws49P.-eu ,et
.. 0 1,.. „3 1 9 . 1 .. ..C...b gat tic: street- Fhil e, telr bietCrV.
,ADDer &IRON, VS, PrdRK
.r'.l6 tbiiih, dealers In Watches, 7!!)tf
y
and il i .. 1 -1.4 my
1 prem
5 prem.
EMI