El:
~'PRES.I.BYTERIAN ' - BANnR. • &
...ADVOCATE
rreel,FtlrlaU Banner. Vol. VT. No. 13.
Prosbytorlan Advocate. Vol. JLI, Mo. 11. I
DAVID MeKINNEY, Editor and Proprietor.
1r ERNA-IN ADVANCE.
Original Vottni.
Written on the Death of my Infant Boy
Oh death! alas, thy fearful power
has triumphed in this stormy hour,
And robbed a mother's heart.
Ills torn this flAgliog from its vest,
Its tender home—a mother's breast,
Aud bid it home depart,
Oh God! give strength for morrow's hour,
To meet this fearful tempest's power—
To meet a F4tber'e will,
Sty to this tempest, he at reet—
This wild delirium of my fareast,
Say to it, " pace, be still."
The sorrows of a mother's breast,
Robbed of the hopes that made it blest,
No human tongue can tell.
Oh Father! may this sad heart still
Bow meekly to thy sovereign will,
" For thou do'st all things well."
T is finished" now—no heaving breath
Disturbs its peaceful sleep in death—
Li e's tender cord is riven.
Still, on that infant sleeper's brow,
A gentle smile is lingering now,
How like a thing of heaven."'
The wild winds, as they moan o'er thee,
May chant their dirge-like minstrelsy.
And sing thy requiem o'er;
But thy young spirit, freed from gloom,
Has soared " beyond the skies and tomb,"
Where sorrows oome no more.
This little one, too fair for earth,
A sunbeam of immortal birth,
. Not long to earth is given.
It has a home of °landless skies,
Where no dark storms of sorrow rise,
Lost one, thy home is heaven.
No more it needs a mother's care—
A mother's smile, a mother's prayer,
A mother's changeless love.
Those infant joys and griefs are o'er;
That little heart beats warm no more,
Loved one! thy home's above.
Rev. Dr. Bushnell and Caifornia.
"The great Presbyterian , church" referred
to by Dr. Bushnell in his report of things
in California, is understood to be Dr. Scott's
Calvary Presbyterian church, and we have
authority to say that his representations `of
it are altogether incorrect. Thcit church
has never sold tickets for a hall, nor done ,
any thing of the sort to support its. pastor.
Its pastor's salary is raised by pew rents in
the usual way. We copy the following
from the San Francisco Town Talk, of On
tober 18, in relation to Dr. Bushnell's mis
representations made to the Association of
Connecticut.
' REV. DR. BUSHNELL'S LETTER
Some few months since , the query was
propounded to many of our citizens if they
had seen the published speeches of the Rev.
Dr. Bushnell and. Rev. T. Dwight „Hunt,
made before the General Association of Min
isters in Connecticut, soon , after their return
East from California. Few persons euilld
answer the questions'affirtnatively ; they had
seen it, but could not tell where it could be
found, or who possessed copies thereof. All
of them seemed to have been intentionally
suppressed by those at least who bad taken
an active, lively interest in the establiahment,
of the College at Oakland, over which, Dr.
Bushnell had been called to preside,,and,
who, with him,. had been very active in'
calling upon our benevolent citizens, with,
view of obtaining from them large donations
toward the founding of scholarships, and
otherwise planing the 0 'Maud College on a
Brut and substantill basis. Weknow that
many Christian gentlemen were astonished
and grieved at the report of Dr. 'Bushnell,
alter having been kindly and pplitely
treated by the, citizens of our State. He had .
been invited to partake. of .their hospitality
at their own homes, had been invited by
them to occupy, the pulpits of various Chris
tim churches, here and in the interior of
our State, and now,' forsooth, because our
people did not come up to the ,:rescue—to
endow liberally a Bushnell professorship in.
Oakland College, with a view of his removal
and permanent settlement in our State—he,,
comes up before a church association in
Connecticut, and tells his Eastern brethren
that "the three leading pursuits ,of, our,
people are agriculture, trade, and
.Mining" .
—that the former is carried on by the
" border ruffians and the squatters,"
Zze ,
He then passes on to the churches infla •
ifornia In San Francisco he, ands 'one,,
" over which Mr, Hnnt has the Charge, is a.
living godly church," &0., that he also
found in California," a great Presbyterian
church, which is especially fashionable," &c,,
and that this church "had gotten up dances
to raise money for their minister by the
sale of tickets for the ball; j at a. great
price."
Other assertions, equally false,, are also
stated in the meagre abstract which appeared
in the Uhristian Advocate,
of ; October
16th,
But why Dr. Bushnell should thus assail
our citizens, and publish such slanderous
epithets to the world, concerning our
churches and people, is something• we do
not understand nor comprehend.
My object in calling the attention of your
readers to this letter is- simply to put on
record a public denial and refutation of the
charges made by him, that- the church re•
ierred to ever " gave a' ball," or " sold
tickets for a ball," or-anything of .a - kin
thereto.
The- charge is flan in every particular.
There is not even the slta,dow of truth con
nected with it. We look upon th'e extract,
a" published in the Advocate, as libelous to
California; and we do not wonder, , nor are
we surprised, that the friends of Dr. Bush
nell and the Rev. 111 r. Runt should. have ,
labored so assiduously to suppress the dem'
mont. We hope' all the letters will yet ,
come to band by the next mail, when the!
public can have the: balance of these extra-,
ordinary productions for perusal.
Letters . from the North.
By this term, as used in this correspond
ence, readers may understand all the
region North of Chicago ) , and,running on
this paralle l ' of fovy-two degrees ) , to the,
itc , eby Mountains., ,But we `shall not weary,
onrselves by traveling oyer so brold a field.
Ia farnishine sonie letters in referenCe to
this interesting, region, we shall confine
oarselves to Wisccinstrq as it nosi
Wiaeostaivi, as it noW is; is that region
West of Lake Michigan, and 'East' of , the `_
Mississippi; bounded on.. the North , almost
entirely by Lake Superior, s-) and;' South; lirt
Illinois.. It. has a leogt i li of Pool t.fp
dred and, twenty, to thres hundred, and ten s ,
miles, and t a breadth of from one, ,Hundred. :;
and forty to two bundied and eighty.
It has thus an area of sixty three, thon.and
nine hundred and twenty foiir sqUare
only aboUt, One• third of which it'is supposed'
is yet occupied. - Its present populatiob .ii`
about six hundred thousand And this is
that fair inheritimie.n - On iliChi• , When we
have indicated , ,the other ulkafa.cteristies,,we r
wish fix the attention of youi readers, and
for purposes which will appeatin'the course
of our ittotirks.
This State was first visited,,for,occupation, ,
by the French Missionaries, as early as 1763.
They had their stations at Green, Bay
up the Northern Fox river, -where many
affecting` ruins still bear witness to the zeal
and self-denial, if not the wisdom of, these
pioneers. They finally penetrated, under ; ,.
Marquette, Jolliet, La . Salle and, ethers, .to
what is now made the junction of the .Pox...
and Wisconsin -rivers, '(at Portage,) and, ,
thence sailing down this last, to the„ Missis-,
sippi, explored; the Father of, Waters , to, its I
mouth, leaving.many traces of, their labors,
in places still bearing tbeir names. „
It does not appear,, however, that, many
white 'settlements were made durinv this
period. The . country remained nyder. the
jurisdiction of Frarme,,until in 1763, , it was
ceded to the .British.. Not much of octa l
palmy does its history exhibit, however,
until our war of Independence, when,, with
other parts of a freuand independent sover
eignty, it began to receive small settlernents,
as at Green Bay, Fond du Lac and Fort Win
nebago, and not long- after at Chicago, (then , h
included in our bounds) ,Milwankie,,an,d„
some others., ••
Several changes ware,, in ,the
effected ,with regard
„to beundaries,
population began to increase rapidly, ,ana
Wisconsin, as-it, now is, was made a Terri
tory in-1836. Finally, having reached a
'sufficient population, we became a State, and
were admitted into the 'Union, with a free
Constitution and equal privileges,, in-1848.
I have thus sketched an outline of our his
tory, and, without going into the= detiiils of
our early struggles and great men, (IleaVe
that to others,),shown 'the Itirtti'and growth '`
to its present statute,' of a State -yet
about tine years ' ; E
Were we looking to a country with . , taw
mace to its advantages,'ive s .shonld'firritireglird‘o
those featuiei .mest immediately connected ,
`with human subsistence and its 'comforts ;
this is our clue and we Must/the'reforepiext ,
speak of thfs'itate in ,
IS BB .
ITS NATURAL .HISTORY
Its climate is.unquestionably4 good one ;,
, „
better, indeed,,so far. aslealth isnoneerneck
than Any with.which the writer Of these ar.,
tieles,,,has ever been acquainted : ,IVlore hilly 1
'and, variegated than. Michigan or;lllinois,,-,3
its water rs,,in general better; .while a, pure d
atmosphere affords, the most dellghtful sung :
sets,, acid, in (general, lotigr and pleasant,4h.:,
'tames, of not less than .tivo, or three„rnontlas,
dur ition, Our s wimps are gansrall,Y,drained,
and veryfew of the isari,V ) ,(ll'etcs of j p.
,new .
country are beard of. The result is 'that the,,
rate of mortality is very. small, not morc,,fOr
the, five years of the writee . s : reeidence here,,, i l
than oneper cent.. at mhst : ,Yet it , is",. at
times very cold,
,particuldily when ofir Norili'
1 -a a
winds come across rile praities,,'and f ro mi a •
latitude,. it, must be re ruesibered, :as high , t ea ? ,
forty seven degrees. Our Winters p,.re
i about:,
ef l ual in r, ,meanthei temperature, fetheaßf
Albany, New York. But the are lokqer,,,,
And here is our greatest annoyance. ;_uer.
last two. Winters have. tiotibse'n;leq F* i
than
months each, yet, ourruid-Winteritare . gon :
erally open , and mild; ,and „ws„are not: a.S. i
much burdened with, deep.snnws, i iii. at: Prie,:-
Eaat..,
.•,., . ,
~-,t ,_„,,,,, i
The climate, on the whole, is healilifiil pa ,
a, remarkable ,degree, It is very, seldhm,,if,
a
ever, that ,case of pubso,nary consuralition
originates with usi yet it .would:be a mistake
to • suppose there are no deaths,ef this,phar-
actor... I,have, known„ many, and they are: „
'almost uniformly „of those, who ,Itave genie
West, in the,yain hope ef arresting that ai,,,:,
ease after it was fairly coninienc,ed.,, i ,;.„,
. The Geology of :this,regiOn must have ,a ,
passing notice. , We have no coal, : arid,this . ,:
se e ms at first r,emarkable,.as ,
it ahenPi,ATL,.
Illinois, and even in. Itivra., The fact . seems„
to be, however, that from abont-.Mir South;
ern limits there is a geological ;descent to the .
granite region of Lake Superior, ao . that,the, ,
whole carboniferous strata, with that, "a,bove,
it, is gone. This, while it forbids,the,hope :
Of. ever, finding coal amongst us, has revealed .
resources of other mineralsin a remarkable,,.
'degree. „Tian whotelg. Southern Wisconsin.
is underlaid with lime stone ; at about the,
middle it „becemes sand steno ~(probably, , ,the
Potsdam,) making, by, its, mixtures,, Epip of.
the finest soil:in the,Stnte. ':,Theri ceineAte
Pinerys i and 'after ilitit, as before, Pie . pripi r ,
itive region of the. North; full of, ores and to
an extent scarcely yet conceive . . ,
~Nor are our mineral regions, ,as e , in Most
other countries, superfiepify,„barreu.: Im
mense beds of Galend, lie, far, do;iyu under
the. limestone, and above t4ikp,t, o l,l, distance,.
of generally twelve orfifteen „feet, :as ; riali,
prairies and oak openings as there, armuilig,
world, Lead, iron, copper, and, ether iisCful l
minerals, hive beenalready iiiienveredi,l4, 41 :
we feel that, oue i resources,, in this rop t ecl?,
must be altogeth'er inexhaustible:, , ,
„, i
Having said thus much of our b. eo lo#
as one basis ofr, our prospective proSperity,„
(reserving the privilege ,of speaking : ',M;oo,:
scientifically of this , iMbjeet hereafter,,Y. ive
should proceed now to ' :
1 , .ovot. AGoscui,Tuw,,knon,unTrows. , .
The' PARLIAMENT i • I§ • •S;UMAIONED TO
MEET OIL the,. third of the, next month., It.
Will be a short sesston,',breaking •Upbefore
ChrisfillasY hut it will be'rtiost important
The , Ronne, of . gdirtMoiasi Will 'be asked to '
endorse the.actof the Ministry in,anspend-..,",
i t ng:the f , Bank , tAct, We shall ,have, very
phinsibli; speeches; f nordoubt, from , thoSe
ivho',letaltli in their hive' no'regtrie
ion on the issue Of paper at all.. To check '
speculation, and to, ,keep : trade, and,,com
mem within -bounds,. is the object .of .the
Bank Act. Although it may be,' and is,
siispended,' yet its existence, in ordinary
times.-.-when : money is, cheap, .
and' all man'.
ner o a
f home nd fOreign selicmes are brought,
into the market, and beforethe Public—acts
like a breakwater to a gathering flood, which
would 'sweep' every thing 'before it, and
make a fresh crisis every two or ,three yeara.
But there areplenty of politicians who will
talk with great earnestness in . favor of an
other policy, when Parliament assembles. No
donbt,' also,` Gladstone and ragmen, who
have been Chancellors of the Exchequirin
their, turn, laave much to say,on the
general
,question. -The Cabinet, however,
will, obtain the Act of Indemnity for the
suspension of the -Bank 'Charter:''
The DETAILS OF TUE CAPTURE OF DELHI,
'are now in our possession. ^ The chief loss
of the brave assailants was, as might be ei
pected,'s after, ,the assault,' and when the
troopC figct „penetrated into the, town.„.4
was when _thus Advancing, on that awful
the 'l4th ,of September, that
'.lif•Vadi6r 'Nfilason' received his death
'who : had liefeated,the,
imutineerawho,had gone 0., , t in force to seize
Ithe, siege l traita of t the, artillery, which even_
Itually,seeured this capture of the city. He`,
lied the 'fiaof' four holumns of assault, and
wns~xortallp woun'd'ed:
But `op this most extensive, department. :=An:taffeethrk) , storyi an. gonna - tofu wide
we' must not. enter in thisletter.. We , have .NicholsOnle Alyjog::bouror just been told
thus far been concerned With:the history of l i me by,o ,lo4yp w, one nell!"Yr i ima sOr.geoo
our State;. its geography inipart, and.its not— lbefe,re ,Pelht., There were two *tilers
ural historyylpartibularty in ,referenoe: tot our, 1.141C16 4 .4d6 ) the"firee' there —Jobe' the
climate awk geblOgieal structure Enough , lErigadierithe othefistiCaptathllo In the!)as
. f .t •4 ,
a. P. Q. .1
"ONE THING IS NEEDFUL:" "ONE THING HAVE I DESIRED OF THE LORD:" "THIS'ONE THING I DO."
THE GEOGRAPHY
t; {v ~ i
HISTORY. ,
PUBLICATION OFFICE, GAZETTE BUILDING, Fail STREET ; ABOVE SKITHFIELD, PITTSBURGH, PA.
FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, - ,DIECEMBER 19, 1857.
has thus been developed, we trust, to turn
the attention ,of our older and more favored
States upon us. Ours is beyond all disputa
tion, "a field, which God has blessed!' But
it is 'altogether, as. Yet, in a formative state;
and 'We. Shall. see in the progress of these
communications, • how Anuch, it needs the
lights of education, religion and good inhab
itants to make , it, what a bountiful God evi
dently intended.
Io' „
'the hope,' Mi. Editor; that 'you, with
othetsinnay tie-lable to:aid =us in this - good
work; .I have: commenced o tthese l letters,;, and
am, ao gver,,.
~„ -Ypurs,, 11;
•
From our XondonOorrespowient.
The Vonimereial ,Crisis— d Thq.,pankat Glasgow—.
The Tornado's Sweep, and its Provoking* Causes—:,
pae Oscillation and the Care—Coming Meeting o•f
rliantent : —The±Bank.Charter Act.—.Perrits
t the gapture of Pelhd--Nicholion's Death Wound
d.recting Inlerinew of the Brothers-- Extracr.
dinary Bravery 7 Oelhi after, .Oaptare—Spar- .
iny of Women and, Ohildren—Tfrices Kilted by
iheir Ownlirui.bands : —The Zing of Delhi and his
Sons—Oude and Lucknoto—llitvelocks,
ity —Lady Havelock at the OOncert-L'Aritble Policg;
,• and Its ContrasV=-Spicial Delinei - ances in India ;
and. Mission, Property Lost—,
Air. Baxter's reeltire—Anterican Ladies— EPA
yelieal Alliance—Zing of Prussia--ThS , Sittmeie
Embassy--Soflal #tatisycs--Irish Popery. -
LONDON, November 20, 1857,-, ,
The CommEacraz , Crams is still,,very,
`severe. .Faibares of louses great or small
are .almost daily announeed London ,and
inithe Provinces, and the demands for
''count at , the Bank of , England have been:sol
great as to cause an issue of notes: largely
ecceding' the ,`,limits -'O'f the 'Banking Act.
`'of. 1847.
The suspension- of that Act ;was any un,
:
434ubted necessity. The Directors and Pro
piietors ,of joint-stock ; Bauks in. „London,
found the ! drain on thcof enormous. They
went to.fheßink of England, 4 ,and poihted'
mit that' there WoUld" ba univergil"bank ,
ruptcy if setn'ethini deaided , Was not done.
The result was, that the Government was,
'eotnmunicated,with by,Deputation, and the
letter to the,,Bank Directors.was issued, per
mitting an increased issue of:notesi• but re-.
qUiring that' the interest should still be not ,
lower'than ten' per cent. That'it may rise
higher is possible; but..it ,is not likely'now.
The. partial: run on Irish Banks.is-now. over,
`and the banking establishments in that
• ciuntr,y.are lua very sound and hcalthy cony ;
chtion.
At Glasgew, there was a panic. It 'did
not ainotint to thie Londonon• any where
else, although the verge of the precipice was
almost reached. he gold sent to Scotland
is; beginning to rethrn, - andirem Australia
lalrge arrivals. are either in' 'hands .or imme=
diately expected. The exports, of co in also,
this weekiito bave been comparative
ly small. jJast mail, they reached nearly a
This is what is usually called THE DEAD
SEASON OF THE YEArt, — in 'busineki. But
the collapse tr'ad '
e 'has not been so great
since 4837; perhaps since. 1825'. Money :is
npt.so dear, as with you r by,aJarge
ence, but on ',Change, and ,elsewhe,re,, • thcre
is general distrust. Many are' thVown ont'
of employnaent,lparticularly in the North, of
n land 'as well as in , ) Scotland and in . T.JI-
ster,i; Mills are s,topped,,,or yforllonly
time. 'The Commercial Tornado, beginning
ti34lfrifteA State's, Itashtek i enfuriouslY on our'
:t
cPatts ; swept •uver Britain; passed on to
the (Continent, :paralyzing industry,; over
throwing the, strong and,weak;,:the specula
tiv,e garribler in trade, and the steady sons
of honorable; enterprise. DilubtleSts - , it is
rtributiOn"fer over trading.; and ea gerness
to be(riel4tit aby cost '; and also for great
extravagance , n living. :Christian An oderation,
aloell3ag sequre.,the nations ,against such,
crises, f as these,,,,„ 4. t lhe Matins,
,that
lira:mot. planet 'disCoVered in` obi. solar iys
tem, which' wis lbng eta tly, yet-unao
cod otably; disturbed in litsurbit; d caused
t 6 oscillate, by,.. same.: Jnightierti nilanneei
y f orid, all, unseen,to,:the , most i powerful tele
scope, of
,tbe i astronomer, but nowrevealed=
so commerce • ` not yet Chruittantscd - nor ` re-'
volVin„,o, is it 6 . ught;iiearltroj therefore
in lindigthrbed - Circuit, 'around. the , great s
Central Linemf.dtighte.ousness, ,is_under .a:
realign. :end disastrous attraction. O,O
g ran t'•• -1114 P, tbo day may come - , When"
Bible: principles Sball ' saturate and pervade '
the iiitellects'aiiS Vonidie.bubs* of - isotinnurii:
tietirwhich ars; Thristiaia, but whose
lamentable Ale.partAre ,from, the ,standard, of,
true, religion, these crises.so.eadly reveal I
, saiilt, the Captain was to severely wounded
that he was carriedito-the surgeon's tent
outside the wails, vi d 1 his , iarm was 4tripu m
fated:. Just when t e opexation was over,
a messenger name, fro the town, to frisy that,
the Brigadier Was vid iled'and ilying:-;•Ilis
brave brother, exha ted though he' was,_
..
insisted • on going to, hint ; ,
~Ilei v rent, ,
assisted and accompanied 'by itlie young ant-
geon: W hen they ielitered' where Niehdlee'n '
lay, the paleness! of Siith Was dig : hii Reek r
and the intervieW andttlikpartingtbetarnen),i,
these, two ~, g allant 11
s.o
hers,„never. to meet. t
again in this world, as affecting bey' d: I
,ille,e ,
description. •”. .
Sechie WaT; we ire ise its horrorelietter; :' .l
far', when We !read of ',is victim, .or.st few,. ,
and;, i have i their cases Lqued laden us t, a
impute detail'
' than Er t reawital i wat .Nt T.9*:
11 f vrfte
death of theniands. h,wha ea •
English ' , homes% and,%,'ttdl, has _thus been
Wrought!, ' ,' .J -'!, ',;
Extraordinary bratiszy Nis. di5p1a7,94: . : 1 , 3 „.7,
two young officers, thrie r sergeatita,tead one,
native 'trumpeter, 'iiilrentinekit'ai: Wahl the
fastening, 'Of bags -Of 4 -' awder-to'ener'clf the':
gates of Delhi, and til blowing. them °pm ,
for, that rush of the tronp's which e evried. 4, 1.
before it. The two Argearits were killeal,
the 'young 'artillery ' *CoVAWtie'wfellifellS/d
wounded, from, the sto ,ipoured bnicthein4
fr9uoloopholes within ,but the, work was,„.
,done., ~,.1t was te.the our survizorsand ,r ,
these alone,of all the to 6 that the VieYoria. -
•/
Crbes Of Valor wie t- jiv ." 1 " ' 5 - -.'.- ' "l
Three dais did the - IfFitisli artilleryhatter *
the walls, 'after the asaatit. , ...A.i fter:the , ,eutry -. ;
of ;the troops, they wer*chliged, te ntiell.ont,,
the mutineers from the „palace
~and other „
stio n nhotils. :Delhi :OAS ~ de i sei!lhed, ;on
the ?Ail ,of -September: '; lON is. en eifeet ' -
picture of desolation—e*pletelyabandoned,,,- ,
and with 4`a vast , maionntiof property; left on' ,
the night of the 2.lst: "!The' Qiieen'ti,hbaltli
„
,was proposed, by the co. rie,ror,ef Digq,pvl:;
drank, with loud chew, in the „Bowan.
Khan of the palace. The cheers , were takem
up by the gallant Ghoorkes; atnitheJgenerat
gate-guard!' ''There spane 16 have been l'ir:
short period of soldierleciase siieh'as'ii :
usual After a ~snecessfa)hassault of ,a,gres,t :,
pity. It is affirmed that- none but Sepoy , .
mutineers'were put to death; but I: fear this
is not true. Many of tie residents hiding ,.
in houses, were put
, to death: Bitt'the' or=
der'of General Wilson, that "all Viten' with.; '
out'arms, or mho lay'down ;their arms, beo,
allowed to, : pass into ,t,he - country,'_' ,was ,
Obeyed. Women and children Were Spared: '''
This last is very satisfaetory., A tale' . IS
told, however, of the natitie•husliatida'• 'fearal;
about their wives. , Out,t,troops,„ horrible to
relate,
~found, in cne spot,,•the,hodies of,
twenty-eight: women li - 111' 01'0n Iliei'r own'''
4liairls; 'and riot far iNigY' - iVerethe 'bodice'
of their husbands, wher=had: killed them , -
selves ! . „,.. , q,, ~:ku,„. u l / 4 ,‘ .1, ;‘.
As for-the King of ttellki he, mitt epared,,,
brit.willibe tried, and if found to have been
•-a l willing, abettor of mutiny and 'magsacre: .
;will 'be either "exemitecVer 'imprisoned fdr 4 i
life.. There is :no doubtoithat his Sons•mho
perished, were instigators, .of theabuteheries ‘
of the Englishi in Id.?-y,,Anst. f'Taxed i with
their guilt as leaders in,the rebellion, they
craved Mercy; but stern., jastiee only ' ivhs -
(4Eilt to them, and they Were' , shot lo'diciac ,
on 'the spot,„, .
~ By , the latest accounts, ^our ! ,
`Wounded and ,diseased#oops ~ were, fast,re
coveripg. , .0,.„ L i -.
At Lucknovr, the liesideneY ivas doomed'' --
to endure a, 'second`” siege! f' Yet'One daY's' -
Wei' . `intelligence' is -'somewhat ':reasiuriiii.7',
,_.; .
The- - eitr is strong: dm iis 'lliet itapitabitif !! ,
Citide..i, The peopigfAis sgcbar,M , P.Prafi.OPO
,the „British probably ,in consequence 'of :,
, , d .!1•3 ....' C' 1 ... 4 . 4 ; . , Ittiz
,Dalhousin's, " annexation," Obey:
. From
thele,e,ntoti, our SefinY','trooliaNFerei idaiallr.'
drawn. The position of Havelookrandlai
damn , was one of, peculiar, peril. f God.,
grant thein a Bak:deliverance.
~, ,0,.,:, , ,),,,, .1) 1 . t., I , 7 ~. •,' , t r , . 'r" rt;r 7." ,, :: •1
The (name . of . . 4 IMT.TAq- IS, 4 2 °Wi,f/ 1 7 ci
`stained in English hearts., ! Ilia lileness
aPpeent in the prints` shops, , . and song ' iirle
niiisi'd - eettl' 'his ' faine:" M. - Jiiiiien ` J gaVe liPi
concert lately, in which IndiarCimsio ...was).
brought out with great ,effect? and " Have
*WA Triumphal 31are,b.," was. the chef
ti?' oivil- ' Lady' 'ilaVeleck - wilt '',qiii'etiihr
With'her 'dauglitefs, id 'the' cloordett. ) The„ , ':
chornaliad declaimed o to .the ilforti4s4,o 40ft:
, the entire, orchestra:: Iff I . J' `,< *C1,,,...;,
•
it Sin I,
g' fOith the praisef! • •:3 •:• tic '.2•:•17q
• Let ne RT,o„pitliza 7 ' '• i()6 . ft!)
. Havelock's brave deeds, • •
Cott Eind -!1 11 * ' . •► t t
Bound, trumpets, drums,.„
Roar, cannons, roar!
• •Tiltechliatiotce
„ .Cense,ncver more!".
"Rule 'Britannia," and "God save,,tile u
Queen,," followed, and a t repetition. of these
Ears was Aisinandedf''
comi4intlipelfe iliturVi"Ladistirand4enz , . ,
denied, ai ivetare lionoretdl tittisituteniam,bYe.
tlie : presenee of 4434114yelPak z •the,..po Li ot,.
the:British,Genero7-tAat f Britis
lias so 'nobly h unted the Bengartiger .
—I am sure you will all be as delightedPas'•
am •to k.now.that she is . am he ongns 1, ,
„hen
iminties te. where, shilat„.
here
T.ady gavellielc 1" ' • • aid,
• • -
-•Thiiannenn'eathetieiiii received withlek
trioirdinery enthuSiastri, - and the •• 46 ovation?'..:
tiontioned on the open street, as the lady,
ilePx4d• •
•.: t .• •
• The OpIETTAN i I ifN9PLZ. AND POLACIX.,,
oil, the Lawrenees,, Werifes,und'llavelbek,
stand out- in h !noble'eciniriest 'to the
godleinitrltimi of the CalotiltiC'•
authorities, • • "rlie liorrespeon den t of. the . &ow , :
ac m Non. conformist Fritr emphatically
this 'subject'. • of the' PunPittb
offMers, he says : Many of ^them =kr ,
of truth, fearing, God`,i and hatio&nevetbus-y
nem. They are-willing. _supporters 10f,48-,
simile, and during Illetg; tronbles ..told the, ;,
miseionaries not
,tg i* tar i fa, that they were.
determined te'prot i deitiebi'. -• : 1 •-"h• • •
Their poliog alley ; Vifillasigi 4
Ujion doing: wleat - itri*iWlancl2frate;
this 'way, Colongil:Fdilimich ~ .r e'3l39twvi•
has dea lt Ogl ta Ps A!ort.,J?lvt
all things to honor 'Ciod; and' not fo r ooiu-
promise his truth
-0 1, 13iit here in Bengal; the Brahmins , and
phe ;Mon kvies .most,,be, conciliated. 111 afoul-
Rum must be watelled over; ocrem?- 1
pies not in the leas't ,13 'u ed or disturbed;
tresiglis 'most' be 'igliatiedl
ant t~iis ` ie not the Gifternmeut bf thesthindii
jaub. 'Had our• Bengalleiviliaiks , been:Anw
power there, we eh,o4l,haTe ,losi p .it tr AAr,
God has hono;cd,th r ose,that honor itßoltd r
the Punjaub has saved adi /ndid. 4. ' •
The'saine,writerisi)vithat •in Aare& late
Ell
Colon'elEdwardes and Colonel Cotton Sent in . -
formation , mutiny; to Lord
end watAd net 14elieye. Well
may he, add, " .; wish we tied Sir, John
Lawreriatis Gonver,nor-detreint."
ThiS writer give§ interesting
:tietW -, of .special deliverances ' , Awing the
mutiny,,,] A lAllahabad,, the -.cowardly but
. cruel, mutineers surrounded a party pfjaclies
• and gentlemen , but were afraid to ~ entire' to
r'dlea'4Uarterfi:" :They 'bad fle'dto centre
one'ef- three .bifit c gilbiiif, andhad determined'.
make , A;Standi':'.:TheLwietehes 'set one of
hebuxtgalows,,tp k witA4waTd,,enttre,hopingto.
' turn put the, little 'OO;V,, refuge.P§!;; . X 3 ,ut,.
I the latter cried qiid„ . *)leil s6ddenV the
flame were
IverOa r wst zf , thic Afier
.away .from .tn,
kitaluistintitdirki in.42 c *liiiC4l/IteritlkAtilhenkt
441i.i'~Witalt*TQW 'Aikklao.o444 l WP
wind ~changpd the, fire buret, out without
\ h . arrrang , them, and at' Beide „sadden int- 1
pulse
;to nialtEo-theirliiiavihr s o the'tert unmolested;"
'' Macaulay,is shin histtory ,, has yeneered: at: .-
the,,ploy..w4i9ll.,:r_qclogni . p . dit t li6 hand. of God .
tin , the favorieg hrecses . thak wafted the fleet
. Filltarn of Ciiange inteTorWaY:'Bruin
spite 'Of `sneers it was "44' r yche rfilea'i . the'
winds,- and ', , theln ,, irt..z'hia fists, 'Who'
;caused Ahem , !to,bloir: proaperously.;Pr
- . ,rescue of England's liberties, and, for issues.
-Which, eternity. only eau reveal., ,And so
the'speciat:trevideneei_ef God —a dobtrine,
` i F , s rf''Oriaci,ealized bikerdeiatt"Christian ,
wend ton $ Variety fordhedeliveranceof ~Go
ipeoPl.4l .1
A II
The qio - 84ES 13T
piissioNs are leiw before:me in a I priatecl
deeament, as I vita , ; The beolas with,
;:;-: ~:, • •• Al'B#o,Parief lratd• • •c , I -, 0 1.-!:
itt.'i (W:-; H. 14 , 1 0 0 1 c, 011w.tipOro,.. ,Propag. ,S,OO. •
'My. H., Cockey,, . do, do -.
Attief:, A. 4 E:lFrPtiingd; ' FOttehiurh, Am ! Prek: Mis.
Reie.,DJMI Campbell, ~:. - do . dtY. •
Rei,-*, 9, Johnson , , ~., Os)
Rey . 1 1e. M'kt3bCfillii; '-" 'do - do .' • '
'Rev ..T.-Msoke.St.;.: . mDelbi.,l ;1: : t BA*. MialloM
ltiv„.4. R. Ifulkbpd, ;. de p . , ... Propag.,Soo,
Rev`,
'Rii.. D. garays, , ''''' 'do - . ' ' '''dd
itilil qt. Haliter; -; i' Sealkote; -' Soitehilark.
Atev.4,T. MacCallomg Bhalkjejmnpore„ Ad.-Clerg.i
. . . .. . ....
-, Thisn'lollow. , a-, , lint- of ladies ,. killed, in
' and : ollg„ , ,he r , wiies,,,,of ,
: ,th.e A American
,mill-,
siponnep. Tkelinr , extended over twenty
rig stattcMs,'suiti cie estithatid 'at a tOtiii
.of
~ ,R.1 7 0,1301J. C i1 X 86,000'. Of this heavy leak by
'fax the greater 'portion - . falls upon the English
- . Chgrel,. l .Xiesibegry Sockiety r amkthe Atneri-'
. oin ....rr i esbyterian, ,Miesion.. The' 'former,
Idsolts‘42,o6o, the litter' „e28,000.' '
.. t , .. .r• f I 7 1 1 , , , , - : - ..ti ~,/,.."
The Ii OIgXIN•YHHNCI, MEN'S CHRISTIAN
re' , . IckN : lHlB,6ol:Rmenced, this week, its
iili .. • 'of lectuies, in Exeter Hall:
; IN Noe inn 'was ll i lectdierr: BaxteT; Itt
e,
l E. , froil• 't cintiose.ry I was pieeent4c Inieg-;
in e jfii .. " litboisii:br liellj,f,withl a ,oast-'plat..
fom,,qs, -, .leuilid
,organ,- a ,vast +ten, : with ,
; side i rgalleplete p 4,
gallery atft , fiedlnknir,,in
the distabee:' it is 'brilliantly lighted.
Ttai c litinit lil t- e l ate*. ' The leattrer • fol
''lowed by tl,h.elloti. ll A.-Kinnaird; and a force
of 'nainistet i nndslaynien,,enterflie,halk:by a.
„side gairyit: € l ,lallPe.qa QR Phe , platform ,ac- t
pontßanied y.,, ( labine,t i Miniates:, the Chair,
man • for th .pighi, the Earl' of Eerie - why.
i
ItlikiPwiran 't IlordlliindoW,Fof Eekiiiinßill .
;times, 4 .414 it 0%4001d-104 girajg , .. , Bat -.
.liisAteart jus impact° thei.4141610-.of,'OhriOnn . !
PafriPtina al Piliklant l 493rtand hatiatin Mkt
,Prorter place 'n, the it,y ))
~, , Mr. ;)eater,.
'till; 'thiti: t . 'da:tklitiiiid 'ybnng 'Min i ' ' - witir''
•Itgiiiir Zarilifires"iiiid• street ' Eieltriiiitiessioitpl
zdelivera aa.l4l4lblet lecture on 'f•The'So
Alai influence of Christianity." He shows
tiowiAngtaOrpAti Preee.lo ,PF I3 PRIC,iof her
social blringe ; little esti ma t es_ the:bat..bit,
iamb ( 7 11 4 'di prictlna' bislo - ri;` H e 'spells on `''
tbik'iiiltilif Gottli`iiiid /Viindels; lases to
, : tike: Omen 'at; Me aintnedontt conquests,: and
thedoot,te ~...11iitd, taw' 3 The) atrocities of
i k i
494Pn0nY3142147 ja! , a.l/ 44 44! ) 4°PP.9rtut1.4Y ,
7 1 01 . 3 47 , iiPPrikvcd,A 0.: rltaig..to, piikigf,nt,
V4iigiiiiid: and her pluttiepWardly' Policy, the''
IletibiCtituitehelLiili fil . toi 'b'e - seen, is her pun-
Arkineue. Alcispo*the sentiments of mil
lions.;wbeni he„ t eliptinpisd past policy, and
demandek i thA fwlrieognitioa of ChrOtian
ittinlndut.,
iftiiliii Was nof:trie to
her Wagi; he r did mat see" Why tlw . 'tiine
' might im , iithritiekthi
Pietestiltit te*Aple'
cifLoar metrophlitimight not: be , in drhiws.l4.
a d 400 0 128 initpdar, acitxthe•ParOteDo4.st; .
4 149 - , .4. 1 - • - • :.: • b - s , -
, jdr...EixiericiOwithetroited States Well.
"
Ifepitbliiika, l l - liiiici4drn narrative, of his
tisit. He referred, in one part of. hit? leo-
tartii-toAtheixlegradation ' , of women, and'
ZoliktlagitAWo,l4.4,his, the great, respee! and
lumslipwn,to. laiiiee, in, America , as one of ,
tileinolit' hope ful systems of the true pro- •
iticifinkriiinipei'itrbf 'that country.
o) 1 - .. , 5 4 . .c. ID .r• ..i. ..i I : • 'l . l •' • " .1
I Z he
s gil t gt r e ell 7 P 4el l *
illfilk"ti:i -.. J annuameetbigbuweeiilpar Sgribge
aeiriiii ifpeat; s trondbiliinie'leilidere
=
often more ditbattlt-te•attend these and kin- . ''
dred gatherings, than those who come from
is distance. I, was n,ot•present at.any of the
tiessume i but,the main intere s t t of the meet
hi
. was ' " theiesititrial ei impressione (1,1;4
jeacts4oinec . liacirritrthe Berlin 'Ooiiferenoe,
andithe. azalea !towittd .P;otestantism ow .the
. pentineekeriewg.tberefrom.: , , 1..., -.,,.;.. . . ,
In ill 1,1
..I , :c Id; :C.l
_•'lGiT r. .equ
iThifKriiGqii. Pianism, is 'still in it' deli-
;3sta/state - of Limaith r both - of mind7and'body. .
The lo.npg erinne,:his•nephow; who in to' be ,.. :
inatiod.,to the :Princess *Royal in January, .
in now on a
_visit to "the .Queen at Windsor
Cakle'.. : He' Wit; ' jvisterdiiy, `fit 'the
abate reception' of the Siamese Ambalmailors,
Who broughtpresentiof 'extraordinary value.
The,King of .§iam.le pomparatively an en- ; •
lightened soriroigrk. "sir • John ,Bowring
has written mOi3t i nteresting einem:lt of a
Visit to the 'oatortiii. p4oPte' 'are Bud
dhfstv. Therels grant' material prosperity,
and 1 a , Anostl ;friendly.. feeling cto ward I , this
'country... 4aLit)bn.prerrnied to, intro
'duotion.of the blettsedpospel there. .
to
Thn.follewingl will giirel your, readers a
correct,, id..icfm.N* 11 1.9. 11 4 . 1 114 T 8 fg , .. 1113 ;
PoFFI,ATzson 1 /; pis country ., rkip. ray,
.Bnigeass ,
stgribtdtiire; and, in
avord . ,. social . and national Mt: ti •
EZIM
440 us, .
engaged' n the general 'or ;
'
local Goverateerit , of ,the Coeutry v; 85;880p
2. Persons engaged ill.the Defence of
.. o tbe,Counlry,. ), ~ 78,498
8. P . ersons theLessned Professions ,
•: /(liith'ttieirlinniodliiiiiSittiOriiiiiates) • '
. ;either vfalitigi:P.o4lo . lollloesi..or
.in
rivcte Practice, z . 87,422
4. Persona inigaged in • Litilltd* l the ' • ' •
bennite Arts, and , the, Eloionoespror ;•• 94,7901
5. Persons engaged in the Potnestic Of.
flees, or Duties of Wives, Mothers,
Mistresses' of , tFainiliei, Children,: • •
Relatives, . • ; 2;77,017
6. 'Persons engaged - in' Enteriaining, "
clothing, and Iperforming ' Personal '
, piftees, for Man, - 1,629,881
-7., Persons who buy or Sell, Keep, Let,
''tend , Mciney; Hbuse's, br Goods •
sifr ) Yaricits: , , I ; 162,265
Persons engaged in the Conveyance
Mne,! Anitnids, Goi6ds,' and. Meet • ' I '
aages, - • • • 262,196 •
O. Persons possessing or working - the -
tend, '' engaged' • in' growing ' '
Grain, Prnits:. tiGrassea; t Animals;
. !to otlicryrnltucts, 1,576,981
,10. Persons Engaged about, 68;696
`ll. Persons 'engaged-ire: Art luad!. , Me;, , • .
chanic Produetions in which mat
tets of various Kinds are employed' " • • •
itsComboinatlenil Uri.; leowi 154,87&8►
DralVa, ret. 616(4 • 41 ! 4P11.4 4 41 6 9 4 ,282 0 i
13. •Pe'rsone4orking' and'r d'ealing_iin s rs
Matters derived.from i the tvegetable
; Kinkdoni; 789 314'
1,4. 'Persons working and - dealing in
• • 623,171.
Laborers and pthers—Hranch of ,
Labbitinidefitied; '" 290;227 '
'l6. ,-PersOns: of Rink Mroperty• tot
returned nnder,any O,ffice or
2' .147,879 :
17. -.Persons supported„ , by, , the commu- '
nity, and of no, molded p,ceuna 7 ,
lion; - `'. - -
Other Persons ,of isci ~stated.:Occup
aqons, or. Conditions,„ . 110,407
Total of Persons; aged , 7d:
9,8 . 16 .
ds . En land and .;
• .g ;.
,597
A ROMAN CATHOLIC ; ParEsT, Conway,..
,who niade himself notorious at • the 141,40 •
dlectioni ' is' about' t 6 'be''pros'eeiited , :titider-r;
:the Election'. Corript Trac
'will ; :raise . a-small . storm,in Ireland; < The-.,
jVation half a "Young Ireland," , and, a
t'horoughly 'Popish paper, exults in .the
slaughter the Britiah' in India: It 'Ol6O
- tell's 'of, a prielst -eorifeSsing ktf• (a Man,
Who: asked? , "'Whate ,, news -lied: 'lndia
Answerr-" The English are catching it .at .
Delhi t" "Thank -God, for it," : said, the
'dying penitent, (!) " I die happy l" '
P. S.--Ptinchls illustration-this week
"Mr:. Bull'. and:his Extravagant Child:".
Jonathan .a rocVng7ehair-, wife
beyond, dressed splendidly, but with hand.
kerchie,f to her eyes, as 'She says; " I 'reckon..
we must put 'doWn - the carriage and: fikins."'
John says to - Jonathan, with 'monitory . look
and finger, "The fact is, jonathan r yorr and
'Your . ;wife, have been
well
too fast." ~I
think JonathanVrell'repond; 44 Ditto,
Xl'. • .
Nor the Preebytertan Banner anti Adwicate. •
DEAR BR - OTHER Molimmix":—=The great .
Convention, to consult about a general revi
val. of, ,religion, ; has, met . and parted; every
none will
sap it was good to bp there, Per- ,
l'hapi no, body ev,er assembled' before,
Cautious; 'scarcely one speaker
;;address, and' ll cif them ware modest; almost
I to unwillingness; to utter a word ;Jet, all:were
deeply in earnest. Who ever witnessed •so
many ,symptoms of deep, repressed feeling?
The unbidden tear, started 'from many a
manly eye; Wei' wiped 'awlif as' d ie
covered; and 'all wasi n 'At timed 'the
silence, was terrible-. pOt asound / =not a me—
;,tion, yet there were pent 4,feelings, mas
tered and overcome, it is, true; yet so visible,
to an 'observer that hi felt that these 'holy
*artier's were `. •
Sp as the breeze,
But dreadful as the storrie!"l
All wanted to do something • yet all Waited
for the sound of going, on the ctons ,, ef the
mulberry tfees,before they, urw. do think,
that r human . vvisdom,, power l and Jove were
Oa a sacrifice at the power and
the Cross,'
with - the prayer; "IfPresencego:not -
withws, carry us not' lierfeetm , The 'Writer
t. tied; one predominating feeling allthe Whilei ,
others may have, experienced . was,
discoverable distMetly in only, one or two
prayers and addresses, g,raiieu*to 'God
for-the 'Eiery lament
touched a ohord in theleart whiehvibrated
responsively; • .;
A great ,deelension was poureed_ever; •
i Yet one, perhaßs Inany,was instinctively and
conlitantly saying, i 4 Bless - the Lord, oh my . .
twill,' and forget net his benefits :"' Con- -
frost this- Conventions riththe last one, and
there be n0t...-great , ,reason for'praisers'
as well as prayer., Look at, our. ~i ncrease
ministers and churches. Look at Washing
ton College; Jeffersori,iintl Our` Theological
Setninary,. then and See' the . 'peaee '
Which reigns ,through-all our borders. sow
Many precious ...inatitutionstof
Sons and daughters, have been established
arid inereased - usefiilnees N ainlie we' last
`met?';And 'what an= inareaseloffalfeetion
;between ourselves and .demitoinationaroLlike
lfaith— If it is ,night G-od; • has given 'us
,songs in the night. And then God, is our
'Father; what he has given; has not irnpov-,
•erislied him 'in the`least; "his heart 'is full,
his hands both' full ;- he is more 'willing' '
to give. the 1161y1 Spirit', to them ithat
I than a parent is to,give bread .to a hungry,
bet us then, in faith, 'and' love, and
minty, and with gratitude for4hat vie bairn"
',received, ask. Him for largacthings, Tloricus'
'things We aratiot' straitened ! in.
cannot close _without, remarking, that, lately.
;so many valuabla docirannts have .;appeared
Cur Banner, that ihilin'Who ad 'not take*
'it are loaing R. L. -
• ~ • '
RE cannot see ''the wcirkinga or a
Divine wisdom'in the order of the heavens,'
'the change,;of,,the seasons, -the flowing of h ,
the- tides,. the operation of the wind and
other 'elements, the StruCture of 'the human
body, the iiirettlatiOn of the bloid thrbugh
a variety 'of Vessels wonderfully arranged.
and condtioted-, theinstina of beaits, theirJ
temper.. and. 4isPoOition, ,growth. ; of
plants, And their many,effeets for meat and
Medicine; he'who' cannot see` ail"these, and
Many other 'things, 'ea - the' evident court='
vanoes of a Divine wisdoin, is sottiahlyblind'il .
and, unworthy of the name( of a man.-- 4
Jones of Nayland.
,„ • -; •,, 3,6 1
KNOWLEDGE is , n ot apattph whereupon t o .
rest a searching , and reatlega'ipirit ; nor n
terrace -for a wandering = . ial~le ' mind
to , walk up and *down on plum" = tenet lot)
state . for a proud mind, to,raise , itaelfinponei
nor a commanding for atrifaand contention ;
nor yet n eln)p for, profit and, alibi; but a rich,
storehouse for the glory of'-the Creator; and',
the relief -of inarneeotatet=Bacon:: ( 1 :*
=4,1Q1,,n0
Philadelphia, 111 South Tenth Street, below Chestnut
ByMail, or at the Office, $ 1 . 5 0 per Year, SEEPROSPECTUS
Delivered in the Cityi 1.75
WHOLE NO. 273
The President's Message,
Fellow-Cita:tens of the Senate and House of Rep
resentatives :
: In obedience to the command of the Consti
tution,, it has now become my duty "to give to
Congress information of the state of the Union,
and recommend to their consideration such
measures" as I may judge to be " necessary and
expedient. ; "
But
But first, and above all, our thanks are due
to,Almighty.God for the numerous benefits which
He has bestowed upon this people; and our uni
ted. prayers ought to ascend to Him that lie
would continue to bless our great republic in
time to come as He has blessed it in time past.
Since the adjournment of the last Congress, our
constituents.have enjoyed an unusual degree of
health. The earth has yielded her fruits
;abundantly, and has bountifully rewarded the
•Iteillti:ob the chusbindman, Our':. great. staples
have commanded high :prices, and; up till with
!in a brief period, 'obi. manufacturing, mineral
andmechanical occupations have largely par
taken of the general prosperity. We have pos
sessed all the elements of' material wealth in
rich abundance, and yet, notwithstanding all
these advantages, our country, in its monetary
interests, is at the present moment in a deplora
ble condition. 'ln the midst of unsurpassed
• plenty in all the productions of agriculture,
and in all the elements of national wealth, we
find our manufactures suspended, our public
worksatarded, our private enterpises of differ
. entkindS abandoned, and thousands of useful
laborers thrown out of employment, and re
duced to want. The revenue of the govern
ment, which is chiefly , derived from duties on
' imports from abroad, has been greatly reduced,
whilst the appropriations made by Congress at
its last session for the current fiscal year are
very, large in amount.
+. ,Under these circumstances a loan may be re
qUired before the close of your present session -,
belt thii; although deeply to be regretted, would
prove to be only a slight misfortune when com
pared with the suffering and distress prevailing
among the people. With this the government
cannot fail deeply to sympathize, though it may
be without the,power to extend relief.
It is our duty to inquire what has produced
such Unfortunate results, and whether their re
currence can be prevented? In all former re
vulsions the blame might have been fairly at
tributed to a variety or co-operatingcauses ; but
not so,upon the,present occasion. It is appa
rent that our existing misfortunes have pro
' oeeded solely from our extravagant and vicious
system of paper currency and bank credits, ex
citing the people to wild speculations and gamb
ling in stocks. These revulsions must continue
to, recur at successive intervals so long as the
amount of the paper currency and bank loans
and disci:l'm:its of the country shall be left to the
discretion of fourteen, hundred irresponsible
banking institutions, which from the very law
of their nature will consult the interest of their
stockholders rather than the public welfare.
The framers of the Constitution, when they
• gave to Congress the power "to coin money and
to regulate the value thereof," and prohibited
thelStates from ; coining money, emitting bills of
credit, or making anything but gold and silver
coin a tender in payment of debts, supposed
they had protected the people against the evils
of .a excessive and irredeemable paper curren
cy. They are not responsible for the existing
anomaly that a government endowed with the sov
ereign attribute of, coining moneyand regulating
the value thereof ; should have no power to pre
ent others front 'driving this coin out of the
'-Country and filling up the channels of circula
pm,with paper which does not represent gold
.and SiliSr. '
It is one of the highest and most responsible
Andes of the government to insure to the people a
liound'cliculating medium, the amount of which
bught to be adapted with the utmost possible
' 'sdom and skill to the wants of internal trade
iid'foreigri exchanges. If his be either great
it
.. Jr'"above or greatly below the proper standard,
the marketable value of every man's property is
„ ,'increased or diminished in the same proportion,
and 'injustice to individuals as well as incalcu
ktble evils, to the community are the conse
quence.
Unfortunately, under the construction of the
• Yederal Constitution, which has now prevailed
too leng to be changed, this important and deli
cate duty has been dissevered from the coining
pOwer, and Virtually transferred to more than
foutteen hundred' State banks, acting indepen
dently of each other, and regulating their paper
issues, almbst exclusively by a regard to the
present interest of their stockholders. Exer
cising the sovereign' power of providing a pa
per currency, instead of coin, for the country,
ihe first duty which these banks owe to the pub
lic; is to keep in their vaults a sufficient amount
of ,gold and_ ilver to insure the convertibility of
!„heir notes into coin at all times and under all
circumstances. No beta ought ever to be char
tered without such restrictions on its business
as to secure this result. All other restrictions
are comparatively vain. This is the only true
01100 one, the only efficient regulator of a pa
;per mirrency—the only one which can guard
' the public against . over issues and bank suspen-
Slone. As a Collateral and eventual security, it
`4'doubtless wise, and in all cases ought to 'be
tequired, that banks shall hold an amount of
'United States or State securities, equal to their
*tea in circulation, and pledged for their
re.demption. This, however, furnishes no
iiiiequate security against over issues. On
The contiary, it may be perverted to inflate
the: currency. Indeed, it is possible by this
means to convertall the debts of the United
States and State governments into bank notes,
wiPiont reference to the specie required to re
deem them..• However valuable these securities
May be in themselves, they cannot be converted
into gold and silver at the moment of pressure,
, as,our experience teaches, in sufficient time to
• , Prevent bank suspensions and the depreciation
of bank notes. In England, which is to a con
. siderible extent a paper-moneyeountry, though
-vastly behind our own in this respect, it was
deemed advisable, anterior to the act of Parlia
ment of 1844, which wisely separated the issue
' of notes from the banking department, for the
'Bink:of England always to keep on hand gold
iind Silver equal to one-third of its combined
isirculation and deposits. If this proportion
-was no more than sufficient to secure the con
' srertibility of its notes, with the whole of Great
.Britain, and to some extent the continent of
-Europe, as a field for its circulation, rendering
..
it almost impossible that a sudden and immedi
ate loin to a dangerous amount should be made
upon it, the same proportion would certainly be
insufficient under our • banking system.-
-Each of our fourteen hundred banks has
"bat 'a li6ited circumference for its cir
culation, and in , the course of a very
few.days the depositors and note holders might
- demand.from such a bank a sufficient amount in
:specie to compel it to, suspend, even although it
had coin in its vaults equal to one•third of its
immediate liabilities. And yet lam not aware,
with the exception of the banks of Louisiana,
that any State bank throughout the Union has
been.required by its charter to keep this or any
proportion of gold and silver compared with the
amount of its combined circulation and deposits.
'Wheilues been the consequence? In a recent
,i4SPOrt made by the Treasury Department on the
I obridition of the blanks throughout the diirer€ ut
:.• States, according to returns dated nearest to
• Januar,y, 1857, the aggregate amount of actual
;;Specie in their vaults ,is $58,349,838, of their
circulation $218,778,822, and of their deposits
-• $236,351,312. Thus it appears that these banks
in - the aggregateiliave considerably less than one
dollar in Eleven of gold and silver compared with
their :circulation, and deposits. It was palpable
'therefore, that the very first pressure must drive
• therCto suspension,' and deprive the people of a
:-' Convertible currency with all its disastrous con
;setinerioes.' It.is 'truly wonderful that they
liehnuldihave so long continued to preserve their
- credit, when a demand for the payment of one
seventh ' of their immediate liabilities would have
dilien them into insolvency. And this is the
1 condition - of thebanks, notwithstanding that four
• .hundred millions.of gold from California have
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