S'-
1....:
11 . ,
i
MT
VOLUM 7011.7N11111M1
TI-1120
• ' POTTE - It
~.. rnattSilati ar •
'Ni. 3V...,111S _ IlifiP4,hrOpyietor. .1
Ber Devoted to thts &wee of Repallideasos, the i 6.
terisits of Agri° e Ite re, the' advance nse n LA( Bduestloki,
in the best . goed ul Potter county. liw,ning no guide
- ex apt that of Principle, it will endeavor kiaid in the
wo it of more full} Preedornising oar Country.' J
.- •• ; ; I
' lOrAdvertinem fits inserted at the following rates,
except where spec albargains are made. A "square , '
.is IQ lines of Brevi rorB of Nonpacelltypes : 1 1
lignare, 1 inse 5i0n..::....... . ' „, A l 60
.; I square, 2or 3 I nsertions • "
, ,•,.- eh subsequent insergon:less than 13 40,
.. agnate, 1 year lO 001
isi
... . . .- •
--- tl•iness Cards, Iyear...,. 5 00i
.7.4 Xdmlnistrator's,or Executbr's Notices, aoo
.;.-; moist and..l3dßoshil srotioes per 1ine.......* , 20i
All transient advertisements must he paid in
. -
ild;sance,and no notice will be taken of adverti•ements
• 'train a diatanee, utiles!, they;are accompanied by the
iidiney or sati . cfac ory, reference. _ 1
.
IS:IV-Joh Aldrk; fall kinds;'ciecuted with neatness
1
and d,snstch. .- . •• „ ; ' -1,
JOURNAL r
BITSINSS NOTICES..
flobit... Hanle Xl. II: • Clinimia.
1 , .A.ttryr
nes,ol-I...an',
.. i
NITILLIAMSP R.T, Penn'a.- Special attentiou
IVV , given to . ollection of t'ensloae, Bounty and
-Dank Pay, and nil claimsagainst the National and
dtate Governmen , nornif ' 1
. ...
• *roe and AcO4ted Ancient York I.Vsona
EULALIA. , LtiDGß'.. No. 342,+F. A. M.: j. fated
Ifieetlnga on the 24 and 4th 'uedneadaya of each
month. Ball, in he 3d Story of the Olmsted Block!
B.C.Liattatice,S , c. - M'Sf. SHEAR, w.g.
DRAKE, n -
P.IITSiCIANA I nd SURGEON, offers sen-iceß
to the citizens of this place and vicinity and eestresi
t!, inform them that be will. promptly respond to
all
411 s for profe,ssidnal servities.. Office on Main street,j
over Manning's Jewelry Store.; Residence nearly op
piosite the office of the Foi .5441086' Dilate:7ll-28.
O. R. ELLISON, D,
DRACTICINCL PHYSICIAN. Conde , sport, ra.,1 1
respeetfultyjnforins the citizens ot the enlace and
'eternity that he promptly respond to all calls fol
Ttroressional set vices. Ottice on First street, first door
-4;eigt of Ma residence. 17 , 4 d I
-
I
. -
.
JOHN S. 31ANN,
,
TTOR.NEV !AND COUNSELLOR. AT 'LAW.
' • Couderlio r. u.
tt, p, will attend the severai Court
Vetter, Came n and McKean counties. All , bust
ess mt. - mated t his care will receive prompt atten
ion. !dice on_J ain street, in residence. ,
- " ARTHTTE G. OLMSTED,
A, C ° p V i e r k: Ap V c• ..'',l- 1 / 1 .., U NRIPM E t;c I I ' t l' o }: a l l t ilt T ßi n i E.5 A W
3 (`I i
trusted to his cart ;with pramptneso and . fidelity. 10111.11
n the Beyond stn-cy of the Olmsted Block.
. ,
1 SAM'
".AT-t
vibe
.
!IT
ISAACIBE r NSON, • 1
:
AT-LAW, .Contler4port, Pa., wil l.
Ibu4inese entrusted to him Mitt care
Al.''.eridi . Cntirts of adjoining counl.-
leond sCreet,near the Allegany bridge
TTORN EY
i.
'1 attena to a
fatel prom rttneela.
%les. 0 Oka on S
F. R. KNOX,
ArTTORNEY AND COUNSELLOR AT LA Sll
Con.lerepo t, l'a., will attend the Oeurte in Pot,
eand the adjoining counties.
R dREcALARNEY,
MILL,
TTORN EYS I
Agents fo
nited States an.,
!Bounty, Arrears
4 n4zu.sa,
AT LAW, 11Anntsuuna, Penan,-1
the Collection of Clainmagnit.st th
Stnteoveroment 4 , 4 uch'ne Pensioncl
t 1
fPny,&c-Address 95,,tarrisbuti
N'et.A.B.Nr.
M. W. McALARNEY,
TEAL ESTATE and It; SUR AN CE AGENT
l ib Land Bought and Sold, Taxes paid and Titlea
‘ l lnvestigated. Insures property against fire In the hest
krompnnies In th Country, and Persone azair.t.
'dents In the Tra'colers Insurance Company of liar
ford. BUsiness i l transacted promytly
P. A. STEBBINS ot: Co.,
l EF P 3 : alrlinDr3G r lF?n qA o , G rls.Proviaiane,Flou,F:Cdlo,
sad everything sunny kePt in a good co (Intr.,' stole.
Produce bough and sold 17 29 I
C. If. D IONS,
IsTAERCTIAN+—WEttSVILLE N. Y., Whole
sale and Irtall Dealer In Dry Goods, Farley and
taldo Goods.Cl thing,fiadies DressGoods.Grneerles,
Flour, Feed, Sce, Retailers supplied on liberal terms
'.. - ' .C. IS. A: E. A. JONES,
• 1
i A TPAICTIANT —Dealers in Druge,Stedielnes,raints,
i Iti. Oils Pa+ cy, .Art.eles; Stationery, Dry Goods,
, •Groterles, ' &e., nto.Street, Coudersport, Pa
D. E. OLMSTED, •
MEACTE.A.Nt —Dealer in Dry Goode, Ready-made
clothing Crockery,: Groceries, Flour, Feed,
Pork, &e., Main street, Coudersport, Pal
. . .
i OLIAN.4 SMITH, . r
yERCHAN —Dealer! in Dry Goode. Groceries,
I_ Provisio a, Hardware Queenawcre Cutlery,
and ail Goode u malty found I' n
a country store. ii'ol
. Jr. OLMSTED, r
. , ,
ITARDWAII.E Mercnant, and 'Dealer in Stoc4a,
Li Tin and Sheet Iron-Ware, Main greet, Condit
-sport, Peni.`a. !Tin and Sheet Iron Ware made to
-order, in good style, on abort notice. .
.1
..
couimasponT HOTEL. I
DF. GLA.SrdlitE,Vaosturrott, Cnrner of Msdn
. -.and Send etreets,Coude report ,Potter Calla.
A. Livery Stable le also . kept in connection with this
Motel.' Dallylitaces to and 'front the Railroads.
.1
Potte ( r Journal Job-Office.
II
AVING llttely ad.led a: fine now
. aasortmentl of
JOB-TYPE to our -alrmady 'largo assortme t,
are are now prepared to do, all kindeof work, cheaply
.ant 3 with und ': o Ind neatnoon. Ordure 'onager).
WANTED AGENTS, MO PER MONTH, TO
sell the proved Common Sense Family Sew
ing Machine. iThis Machine will stitch, hem. fell,
tuck; cord, braid, bind, gather, quilt, and embrol4cr
beautifully. Price only $2O. Every Machine is.,,,xvor
ranted three years. For terms address or call 15,1;C.
BOWERS & 00. ;Reception irooms N 0.255 S. Fifth
Street, Philadelphia. Pa. lm
,MARBLE FOR
qt. .11
Monuments and Tomb-Stone
of till kinds, will he furnisbcd'on reasons
We l ter= and short notice by 1 •
i C. Briettnile:
Residence : 1! miles south lor
.Copdereport,'Pa. ' on the Sinneralthoning
'Bead; or leave your orders at the Peg Othee. fefre
- • D 416 'BAKER, I
11,11NSION, BOIrstTY and Wit:lt CLATICAGF:NrY
ensionaprocurod for Soldiers or the present
ar who are disabled by reason of wounds recoiled
.orclilease contracted while in the service of the Uni ed
-States; and pensions, boOntY, and arrears of pay oh.
• talned for widows or heirs of those who have died! or
keen killed While In, service: Ail letters if lnqu)ry
promptly answered, and on receipt by mail or a smite
• nient.of the ease of claimant,,l will forward t he.
.cessary papers forttheiraignature. Pees in P ension
eases as axed by law.•• •Refera to-Hone. Isaac Beniini,
A. 0. Olmsted, Zolio.B. Mann and P.W. Knox,•lhaq IAN BARER,•
JoneB 54 Claim Airent,k)oudexaport., Pa.l
11 *1•500 Per esa X e e ar ne tolsWlo o e w ur an i t su. n a g ot t :
1 2 0 be wina.Msoilines. Lome new kinds. Under 'and
upper feed. Warranted ! dye years. Above salary
“ar large commissions paid. The oats , machines hold
In the United States for less than $4O, which are fpllv
liteused. by Howe, Wheeler & Wilson, GroYer-de fld
ker,l3inger & Co.. & Baohelder, ALL other oheepiros
ehlnbeare Infringements and the seller or user are
liable to arte,4 doe had imprisorizent.,alretilars
tree. Addisris, or call upon. Shaw & Clark; Blitde
ford, Yalu ae , :. 20, 1803. lawny.
. ... . . ..
, . .
, .. .. -.
• . • ' •...,._ . .. ~. .!
........,..._. . .
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..
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~ ,
.. .z....: •0:..„..„ .. .„..,0,
......,‘ ~.,..,i ~.... ...
. ..._... ,• , ~ .".
.., • .
.....
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.!. ~,, .• . , , • , , _
___ , ,
EMI
' ii . Ed
I'S E H 0.1 1
HON- JOHN S.•.MANN
1 9
!• • i
sem . ,
10 ;the Asbly, at Harrisburg:" •
1 1.
I desire to mit ake' few remarks on this ,
sub
ject, and Heel that I will be doing more jus
tice to the °pillions' I entertain, it I state what
I have to say this evening, in preference to
any other time. Sir, Ido not expect by the
passage eif OA resolution, that any marked
effect Os to be', produced ,upon our Senators
l and members iof'Congress,, who are hereby
instructed and requested to listen:to the voice
of Perinsylvaniti. Tbatpertion of the delega
tidnliom thial State that has been loyal to
the Union, hail given, evidence already that
they. wilt votelright upon this qdistion, that
they will sushi in the Government it. the fu
ture a's they have in the past. And, sir, that
portioU of theldelegafion who have.stood op
posed!to the Union delegation from this State,
althoUgh they once avowed the doctrine, and
in upori•t, of obeying the instructions
giiren! themor . resigning , have long since
abandoned that doctrine as they have abait- I
(kneel every other doctrine of tbe founder' of
their party; drid . now they Day no more re
gard fo the wishes of cue State than if it did
not exist. They now look upon the decision
of some caucus ' held perhaps in some garret,
•
to he•of More importance than the requisitions
of this Legislature. I 'know that fact well,
Mr. Speaker, It is not, therefore, that.' ex
pect by the p.ssage of these resolutions that
we arc to ails :it any votes in Congress , but,
sir, Ii desire .heir passage because the' ex-.
pressten of truth always has its effect upon
the people, arKthat it is by the expression of
such truths as are contained in this resolution
that the decre'es of thb 'people as to the man
ner iii Whith ibis government is to be recon
strueced are t be executed, , And, sir, 'I am
not anxious in regard to the passage of these
1
,resphitions because I have any:doubts as to
'the fibal result upon this question. Men may
faltei 4 ' this 1 Vegislature may become timid,
Congress mayi falter and the President even
may fdll front his high estate; but,Mr.Speaker,
the purpose p l f the loyal people of the United
,States will'he executed in this country. They
!are Mitrehingjou with; such force as not to be,
'resisted ; and he who gives any car to the
sounds aroma him hears the march of free
tat n 'bowel di I s ty,. Sic, their purpose will
be e.4.ecuted l l and that purpose is that this
broad'land; avert acre of it, from ocean to 1
ocean, from , the lakes to the gulf, I shall be I
deditated as the home of freedord, jastice and
humimity 5 that here there shall pc no longer
oppression nor oppressed, master nor slave:
And if it mult come to that, tlft people l,, will
exec 'to this decree in spite of the resident
and loongeer. I have, therefore. ‘11) Misgiv
fings' no anximies, upon this subjee . "John
Erin's soul is marching on," and So is the
grea, heart of the American people, I have
no doubts upon that qtiestiOn and
l ino fears.'
I ainjentirelyi and wholly hopeful pan that
question, and do not ask the passage of this
resolution bleat se I
: have any hopes that it,
will I affect any votes in the Congress of the ,
United States; but, sir, as the circle which is
made. by the 1 perle thown into still water is
smolt at first an I gradually widens until it
rear es' the farthest shore, so does the ex
pression of truth produce a' limited circle at
firstwhich Widens and widens until, io the
language of some enthusiast, its effects reach
to the tartheat shore Of time. Sir, it is the
expilession e l f these truths that is to enable
the people to carry out their purposes. This
is one of did "appointed means of grace? by
whidii the people are to, execute their decree.
NOW, sir. Wha't is the truth - asserted in this
resoMtiou 9
should hot be admitted into full
fellciarship uhtillthey have'given certain guar
antdes that tie debt whigh they have created
in cattempting to, destrly the Government
shalt not be !paid by us, and until we are se
cured in (*Just fruits of the result of victory.
Skid take issue with the gentleman Who oc
cuped conatderable time here in asserting
thaf this reSolutiort was not necessary because
the people b'ave accepted with honest loyalty
the Mild and generons policy of the president.
I undertake to say; that the Southern States
have given km evidence of 'honest loyalty—
nonU,whaterr. I say that the !applications'
that have come up, from those rebels for par
'doidand 04 they may be restored to power
and! to their former possessioni, have been
malty' , and not far between,; but I submit that
there has been no expression by any public man
in the Soutbkno eipression byiin t , public cen
vention in the South- 7 no expression by any 'I
newspaper M the South represeating rebels, : l
by which any 'confession of krrotig or injury:
to the GoveYnertent o' the United States has
beehlmade+not a syllable of it. Prom the
beginning to the grid of these negotiations for,
getting back Into [power, they,ha.Ve nowhere
made a single; confession that they have done
any tirrong,,ll True, they say they have, failed
in the war ; they are sorry they did not sue
ceeill; they ,r e eanquered ; theylask to be re,.
stood to poi er,hut they nowhere acknowledge.
theethey eT r did wrong to thel Governerfent
of, the Unite, States, or that they are'.sorry
for the: rout e Which they pursued. •We are
asked to foa ive. i I take' it forgiveness will
i
be id time va en'it is asked for. On the con-
trary, so fa' froth confessing that, they are
guilty of hi;ving' done Wrong, they use such
languagea!
, 1 this. James R. Campbell, td
the. Convention celled to - form e, State CO&
stiedtion for! South Carolina, in addiessing
thaticonvention, Paid':
I
' "I believe that when our votes are admitted into
Comptes, if We are tolerably wise or gov rued by a
moderate iihave of common' sense, we will hutie our
owe way. lam speaking now not to . be , reported.
We' wit hare pur own way yet if we are true to Mir
seNeii, We know the past, we know what tii Lobo
ourffetore. Are wo not in a conditi nto accept what
we cannot heti, t Are we not in a condition where It
is the port of I wisdom to wait and give what we care
notineold giving?„
That Ilr:lCampbell spoke according to the
sentiments of the prevailing peliticiansis at
tested by aPrivate letter received from 'a Gov
ernment officer there who is so situated as to
knew the real condition of things. • I 'read
extracts only : . - • •
~
ll,The'speoehes in convention and Legislature are
doubtless known to you, and tho `,'aulmus" pervading
all actions ofitbese bodiei, Mr ' C mpbeit expressed it
exactly. teL us do what we nave to, as little as we
orelobliged to, gee into Cougreem somehow, and rims
pay off th e som two
e. , One or minor metiers 'ln this
connection i;mentioo aaahowieg how the ourrentaipte.
`AL The lectier ,foroitembera_tif, #onvantfen: %itti
September. - The favoritke in , ,every eitntested ease
were the most proniinat In Secession procein' Mans of
the past years. The majority of them did not take
the mu:musty oath. 1 • 0 e
bet;otea to the; f'hiticiples of Ihqo qh6 the Dissokiintio l t? JoUalitg, gjiet:o4Pe QlO We*.
COUDERSPORT, POTTER 'ICOUNTY,. PA., TUESDAY. MARCH 27, 1866.
'2 Not even the prospect mate g a avorable
' 6 f
recognition In Congress cotild secure the election of
any man tainted with Unionism, in opposition to any
candidate thoroughly established as an opponent to
.the Government In past time. , j
I That, sir, is the language of the. South.
"Let us. I'do what we cannot help doing, in
order that we may, gain by 'diPlomacy
.and
v,otes in Copgress what we did] not gain by
bur fightingi"
Not a single man in South Carolina and
not a man -in the South whose feelings and
prejudice's are in favor of the, Union are per
mitted to get into those conventions: That is
the kind of loyalty thatis manifested through
out the; South, and the representatives of that
section, Whose hands 'are yet dripping with
the b/ood, of our brothers and who are unre
pentant of their crimes; are asking get
into Congress,' and these gentlemen on the
Other side are so kind-hearted that they are
begging and using all the means in their
power to enable these unrepentant rebels,
covered from bead to foot with the best blood
of the North, to get, into power. That, is the
fact with I regard to these rebels in the South.
For all their crimes and murders, the mecca
ere at Fort Pillow, the starvation of our pris
otters, the poisoning and murdering of our
brothers by wholesale—for all these crimes
not a word of repentance] has yet conic up
from there—not a single ] word. Sir,ll am
unwilling to sit in council' with such men 5 I
am unwilling.. that my representative in the
- National Legislature shall] sit in council with
these murderers of my neighbors and friends;
and I invoke the loyal people of this country,
lily the memory of the fate of those heroes, by
the memory, of the butchery at Fort Pillow,
the starvation of our prisoners and their tor
ture by slow process arid s py every means to
which those men could resort—by.tha'mem
ory of all these things, Ijinvoke the people
and .I invoke this Legislature to adopt the
memorable words of our, patriotic President,
Andrew Johnson; when be said that, "treason
is'a crime to be punished "5"; from which the
logical conclusion is that unrepentant traitors
are criminals deserving of a halter and the
011ows, rather than seats of power and trust
B the way, sir, these gentlemen talk a great
deal to idle platitudes about supporting An
drew Johnson 5 but they heve never yet put
themseves on record in favor of any one of
his measures. I test them upon that one,
] that he 'hits time and again repeated and
avowed !thattreason is ai crime to be pun
' ished. 'Has any one of their speakers in this
Ifouse or in the Senate charaber, where a de
bateihas been, going on for three or four days,
has a single one of those speakers stood upon
the platform ot Andrew Johnson? Not one
of them ; and there is not a] newspaper in the
leyal States representing their party that puts
them on that platform—not one of them.
They dare not say that treason is a crime to
bb punished or that's single traitor ought to
be hung. And] I say they have not put them
selves on record In favor of a single measure
of Andrew Jblinsens._ I test them upon
this great prindiple, that.treason against the
United States is a crime that must. be pun
ished, and I challenge them to show where .st
single 'Democratic convention has endorsed
that principle. Take another question of
equal importance. Take the gteat measure
the administration of President Lincoln,'
which has been adopted President Andrew
Johnson—the Constitutional iamendment to
abolish, 'slavery throughout the United States.
That was a measure of Andrew Johnson's.
What your record upbn that question?
Against it—every man of you—against it
everywhere, at all times, and until it has been
made the lacy of the land. And so upon every
other measure ,of Andrew', Johnson's. You
talk abcint sustainiug Andrew Johnson ; but
when it, comes to endorsing his measures, we
find that you never sustained one of them—
not a single one. It is then. to say the least,
rather cool for them to come in and talk about.
supporting Andrew Johnson and being his
friends. Come up, gentlemen, if you propose
to be his friends, and step,upon his platform ;
I endorse now, bven though. it may be pretty
late, endorse his doctrine that treason against
the United States is a crime to be punished.
During tha war—all through the war and up
to this time—a period of five years, not a man
of you has ever spoken of secessionists as
traitors-or as crimin_als you talk' about se
cession as being very odious. lhat is true
enough. But the gentleman from Alontgom •
cry allowed it to leak out why they were op
posed to secessio - . it was because thereby
a larger part of the Democratic party seceded
away from them. And that is the bnly cause
for regret, tbst they have ever expressed ;'..not
that the South seceded from the Government
of the United States, .;but that they seceded
from the Democratic party. And,
.sir, it was
well said in the Senate of the United States
that every gun fired against the eoldiers of
the Union was fired by a Democrat. From
the commencement of this war tol its close,
every gun fired against the Union was fired
by n Democrat. Sir, the gentlemen have in
vited this discussion. I did not propose to
name their party or to refer to it; but they
invited it when they challenged • this investi
gation, and they should have the .full benefit
of it at all times, here and elsewhere. In the
first place, they ought to weep in, sackcloth
and ashes over their errors, acknowledge
their. faiths like honest ;men, and then come
in and as patriots sustain the Government
but so long as their misdeeds in the North and
in the South are unrepented of, they should
be dumb,
It is 'alleged that President Johnson is sat
isfied with the "honest loyalty" of these rebels
down South. I take it that that is not ac
cording to the ,record. How comes it that
he holds every one of these rebel States under
the bayonets of the army of the United States?
Hciw comos it that he is compelled to use the
bayonet. dovin there in order to maintain
civil law? It is true that in pursuance of his
instructions Provisional Governors have been
appointed td, go Fern those States, but yon
know,lsie, nd:itery 'than knows - perfoetly
well that if these bayonets were withdrawn
there Is not Southern State that would not
on the instant present and entirely different
state cif tbings from that which is now pre
sentedt And,.sir, 'the ver fact tbat he still
bolds those States under tie control of mar
tial laW shoWs,ithat he doesl not believe they
are loyal.. If he believes tiey are , loyal,, then
'what Its the, -meaning of this last order of
General Giant? • 'Not Only -are all, the .acts I
and clechirtitions of Sonthern rebels - arid ibeit;
newspapers and their conventions, but th:
official ante of the President of the United
Statei and his eonirnander-in-ebietare en ?
tirely opposed to the assertion of the gentle
man. Why it was only; on, the 12th day of
January, 1/66, when Genera Grant issued
this. order
;[General Orders, No: 3.3
- - ' " = 1 . Wan DEPATilitietrr,
' ADRISANT GENERAL'S ORME.
. WAsantertorr; J anuary 12, 1566. ,
To protect persons`againet imProper civil mitt'
andpenalties in the late rebettiods States.- 1
Military division and department commanders,'
whose commands embrace or are composed of any of
the Late rebellious States, and who have pot already,
done's°. will at once issue and enforce orders pro.l
teoting from prosecution or snits in the State, or mu
nicipal courts of such State, ail officers and 'soldiers
of the armies` f the:United' Stales,. and all-persona
thereto attached, ortn. anywise 'thereto belonging
,1
subject to military , authority; charged with offences
for acts done in their military capacity,. or pursuant
to.orders from proper military authority, and to tiro;
tect from suit or prosecution all loyal citizens, or peri
sons 'charged ' with offencess done against the. rebel
forces, directly or indirectly. during the existence of
the re bellion ; and all persons, their agents and mil
plots, charged with the occupancy of abandoned
land or plantations, or the possession and custody of
any kind of property whatever, who occupied, used {
possessed or controlled the same pursuant to the or-.
der of the President or any of the civil or
. inilitary
departments of the Government, and to protect them
from any penalties or damages that may have been
or .y be pronounced or adjudged•-in said courts in
anyf such cases ; and also protecting colored per.
sons from prosecutions in any of said States charged
/-,
with offences. for which white persons are not prose
cuted or punished in the same manner and degree.
By command of Lieutenant General Grant.
, I E. D. TOWNSEND, .Ass't Adjit Gen.
lir. Spea!icer, that order sweeps away frinn
all the courts of the South all !power over
the s e questions. Has the. President • confi
dene in their loyalty? i Why, sir,' he here
dirctlY protects from (disloyal courts and
fruit disloyal officers • thci - loyal men in those
Stales by !the power of ;the bayonet. And
tha order was issued on the 12th day of last
Jazi l uary—the very day upon which this reso
lutiol n was ,introduced . into this House. If the
PreSident finds it necessary to direct the mil
itaiy power to sustain the operation of all
the l civil courts in the South as as against these
P
peraonsland to annul their decrees, to stop
their processes, to declare their judgment in
valid, it shows that Andrew Johnson holds in
thel hollow of his hand all the power .of those
eleven States, or did hold it on the,l2th day
of !anuary last, five months after this war
wa said to have been closed. Well, sir, he
did! that simply because of these attempts to
proSecute these officers of the United States
in their attempts to put down the rebellion. ,
Efforts were making all over the South on
I the part of these disloyal courts to prosecute ,
the officers and agents of the Government
evrywhere,and the Pt esident,by his_bavonets, I
puts a stop to all theseproceedings. And Gen
eral Grant, too, has said that the war in the
I Sohth has not ceased. Well then, they can
not be loyal States ; there ICannct be loyal
communities there if the war is still going on;
and this order of Gen. Grant's shows that for
ali'military purposes it is still going, on. And
I he has said so directly. He has refused to
withdraw the troops. He WO' said that he 'I
will withdraw them just as soon as the peo
ple of the South have given evidence that
' they will execute the laws ; of the land in an
orderly and loyal way. He has said that;
and now, instead of withdrawing the troops,
he issues still more stringent orders for their
activity tend energy, and for the protection of
loyal men.
There is another point in the gentleman's
speech .to which I desire to reply. It is one
that has been assested all over the South,t
and repeated by every rebel in the South and
by rebel sympathizers in the North (and
Which shows their disloyal sentiment); it is a
charge "which has been constantly made
against the poor and oppressed people of
that section, who have had to work all their
lives, for a peck of corn and a pound of bacon
per week, and clothes not tit to coverany one,
but who have become free. ' The charge is
that those people are guilty of laziness, im
providence and licentiousness. I know noth
ing about that last charge. The gentlemen
probably know more abOut that than we do.
However that may be, I Say that the first two
allegations in this charge are false. They
the blacks Of the South, are not idle ; they
are the only working people in all the South;
they are the only industrious people in all
that land ;1 and -they have been industrious
all the tim, under great proiocation to be
otherwise,l }
under great temptation to be idle.
They have been industrious from the time of
their freedom up to this time, whenever they
could be. Sir, I speak from my own personal
knowledge when I say they are the only in
dustrious people in *hat part of the South
through which I had an opportunity of pass-I
\ing. Since the last election, I made a little
trip down through Virginia to Charleston,
and I affirm that in the city of Richmond and
in every village and along every road I tray
eled,\ they_ were the only men in the South
at Woric. ' They cannot load or unload a ship
or a Itivo-horse Wagon without the aid of
these despised colored man; at least they de
not do ,it. \ They cannot run a railroad nor
keep one in repair without those colored men ;
and tbese are, the only men to be seen at work
anywhere r either at the wharves, unloading
ships, on the few buildings undergoing re
pairs, carrying the hod and sometimes laying
the brick, or ; upon railroads, keeping the
track in repair, wheeling coal for the loco
motive and somctinse throwingit on the fire.
There were not more than two white laborers
on any train 'that I Vas i on anywhere in the
South. And, sir, they are doing intelligent
labor down there ; ,they. are showing consid-
Srable capacity for progress rind imprOvenient.
On one•occasion I walked Ithrough themar-
Eket, house of Charleston_ And .I saw ,there a
;large number of poop/0 selling meats andveg
etables and other products needed \ to supply
the wants, of such a city, and I noticed that
most of these people engaged in selling these
articlei were colored. Impelled by a feeling
of curiosity, I started back and went through
.the market housisfor the purpose of counting
the white men thus engaged; and outof
about five.or six hundred men and women
there engaged in sripplyiug the city of Charles.'
ton with something to live - upon, there there were
just ten white people, "all the rest black,
and the, blacks being the most intelligent,
genteel 'and well behaved. Those people silP
plied the'city •in ;all its provisions. They
built their own" boats, went . nut upon .the
water and brought in the best 6sh to be found.
And,l affirm .. to•Aly . that the white, people of
chtirlestob'svbrstiievis ti:i" death iii two weeks
f'Pe 'take' thel'eMotied'peopteout 'Of that
iplrj4;'..anlit believe;Ahia: may -be 7 said-.with.,
lequal truth of all the °the) cities of the South.
1 i
I will just here mention an instance which
Came under my own observation,, that of a
small colored boy less, than t*elve years of
Age,rarboul I met in the City of Charleiton.
It le not a mattes of much consequence, but
may be taken as 0, straw to. elucidate a fact.
In conversation with this boy, while he was
Vitally blacking my.boots, I asked' him: "My
boy, how much' can yon make a day at that I
kind of work ?" Skid he, "I can,make from
seventy-five cents to a dollar and a half gen
erally
over a dollar." ,"Well, doyob work at
that all day ?" , "Ott, Ino, I stop at half-past
eight and go to school." "Do you go to
schOol every day ?" "Every day except Sat
urday ; then there it no school." Now, gen
tlemen,-there is a;'little black - boy making
one dollar.a' day by bard labortind improving 1
the hOurs of leisure by hard study. I ask
you, Mr. Sinker, s how many little boys in
Harrisburg, under twelve years of age, yam
their dollar a day before half-past eight and
then go to school'? I eimzly refer to these
facts.as showing the ohmmeter of this slander
that is repealed day ft6r day upon this sub
ject;riTv and any man :14:r goes down South
among them will see t at it is a slander, for
he will not see any (ether people there •at
mannel labor. And, sir, I assert, in spite of
the statistics read • last nigitt in the Senate,
i that a majority of these people about Rich-
Mond, Charleston and other places are mu
lattoes. I do-not care what the census says ;
the eye at a glanceestablishes the fact of
their paternity and proves beyond question
that hardly one-fourth of them are entirely
bleak. I ,
Now, with that state of facts exisiting atthe
South with no evidenee.whatever to disprove
the allegation that the late rebels want - to get
control of the government kgain tor any other
purpose then to accomplish r, 1.1 - iat which they
failed to accomplish by' their bayonets—with
that purpose apparent, the question arises as
to how we are to treattbem. Thatis the clues
tion that comes np to-night before this Leg
islature ; it comes up heibre the people clothed
in differentlanguage and moulded into di :lerent
forms ; lqut the one ourpOse and the one idea
is, what is to be done with unrepentant trai
tors? How are they to be treated? 'are they
to be clothed with power ? Are they to conic
into C'ongress and impose their decrees upon
loyal:men ? Why, sir, I take it there cannot
be two opinions upon that matter on the part
of loyal men , and hens() theories, - sugges
tions, resolutions, amendments and, proposi
tions are made with a view to avoid this diffi
culty. And from among them all, Mr.C,hair
maii. a remedy will certaiuly be found ; for I
tell these ;,,rentlernemthat unrepentant traitors
are not coming baCk into Congress. That
Is a fact settled by' the decree of tile loyal
Atoerican people. 4 1'hey are not coming b a il:.
The gentleman says admit such es can take
this stringent oath ? I would answer, we had
oaths years ago, but they were not of mu , b
avail. John C. Bree,kinridge, with an oath
11
upon - lips to susenin and defend the Con
stitutin of the United States,'remained in the
Senate
1 1
of the United - . States !Ong after he be
carne traitori and There like a traitor and
a town do .as- he was:wormed out of the Gov
errune t its secrets and carried them over to
the enemy. Now, what is the use of swearing
sndli a man as that? Why, sir, we hate 4-
, ready sworn , a trOjority of these men. A
majority of these leading traitors have already
been in the service of the lovernment of the
United States, and they have sworn as sot-.
emnly as men could swear to support,to main
tain and to defend it ; but they paid no more
regard tc these oaths than they did to the
merest straws that floated upon the wind. Are
we to trust them again ? Why, if we do, we
shall be even more foolish than children who
never put their fingers in the fire and get
them burned more than once ; ours have been
burned already. Now, let us provide some
safeguards, * and what better; safeguard conid
we have! than are proposed in this resolution.
It simply proVides i for - loyal governments in
the South, and proposes that when those gov
ernments in the south become loyal they shall
be admitted into full harmony and fellowship
with other States. ! , 1 -
_ _
One of these resolutions is; somewhat more
specific than the• others, Ind I I-efer to it
simply because it touches a little more closely
this question of the rights of the colored
people. We deem it to embody a necessary
safeguard--"security for the future." It is
proposed by the bill (No' 9) that we shall re
quest our members of Congress to insist upon
the concurrence of Southern members in a
change in the Constitution so as to provide
that no person shall
,be excluded' from giving
testimOny in( is3r court on account of color
that there shall be no distiuction in any
State as to the right to acquire, hold or dis
pose.of property, nor :innthe making of con
tracts,' nor in the punishment of any kind of
offences on account of race or color. We
say this will be an efficacious remedy; that it
Is one that baS been tried and which, instead
of injuririg the South; wilt exercise a benefi
cial influence in j that section. It will- cause
South Carolina to'compare in population, in
Iniprovements and in wealth with Massa
chusetts •and it, will' Make Virginia, once
the first Statee in the Union, again the, equal
of Pennsylvania. It would clear the forests
of the South, set their 'Machinery in Motion
and apply , to their utmost extent the
material powers Of that section ; and thus
the South would be changed intoa prosperous
anlllhappy /country. As to the effect which
this: kind of treatment would hare upon the
country I would call the attention of gentle
men to an authority, that I 'presdme they will'
accept 011thrit point i nitrael, that the proper
treatment of the colored peop le Of the-South
will haie a beneficial effect upon the condi
tion of that section. That is the point thdt I
make here, that so:far from these, resolutions
being offered in. any spirit ofenmity or hatred
toward the mouth, they are offered with the
honest) purpose of benefitting the Sotithera
people.: And they would benefit 'them. , Le/
me call xour attention to' what has taken
place in other State: by the adOption °Mese
principles. , I refer yon to,,a late letter of one
Georgia' 11: pendleton. I These' gentlemen
over, here, ',presume, will remember him ; I
think he was talked of at one time as a can
didate for the,Vice Presidency. , , Why he did
not succeed cannot explain cn any other
hypothesis than that tie was a prominent ex
ponent'of the 'ideas' whiCh Wive be - erreso per :
sisterito ablf"adtMeated in the • othe'r
Tionse; and tO-lonie extent; in this ; ,Ttreliede
that-was th'e' <Silly 'reason.- Bet of thathco
mattet ; I suppose his authority on this point'
Ell
TERXI3.- -$1.50
. PER AO',NONC:
f R 7
Will be taken as conch : lBl*e, y the tgeo glitila
opposed to the . resolution. -la
.. w.,lettne to
one of his, filen& in. the . Soirib he, appeals
to them to do Lust what ib i s- econniende.tiod
titges Congress to require.. Th GeorgriA kiie.
dleto; is the advocate „ofth itt. very ; prian4des
of this relolition . Which. these : gentlemen : 9R.
pose, and he. appeals tothe Sonth.to,isidogt
these Pririciples-for the reosonw.hich be gives
in this letter. Me says ,- ' 14 - .
"In this State (Ohio) the negrO oiler* preetleally
all civil rights. Ile may anal» an held property.
make coutraets,sue and be sued and give testimony in
all courts and In all cases. In some parts of the Stale
public schools for the education' of colt:top:1011am
are established under the authority of law, luta are
supported by the taxes levied en the prope rty' of ell •
the people of the State, and - apportioned cum Yalta
according to the enumeration of -whits, and colproll
children. The laws which created disability on the
part of negtoes in respect fattiest), civil tighteiltrere
repealed in the year MS, arisen contest gut e mews
liable In the history of the state. - Weer rept - 21'1*U _
looked upod with great tflafAvor by 0-14tige pool.= of •
the people Ise a dangerous innovation upon, afoot-and
, well settled policy. and a - vote in that directien eon-
- signed many mebers of the Legislature to the repose
of private life. But I am uot aware that anyevirres
suits justified these apprehensions, or that any effort
was everade to reimpose the disabilities.- - On the
contrary,", e new policy, If I may call it soi.haebsest
found so c mastent with justice to the Hellman and the
Interest of he vrtates,that no one—certainly no perty
ilk
—in Ohio would be willing to standee it.' l , ••: -•-• a
Here then is - the 'direct' • 'el:Mon:m=43 . aby
George 11. Pendleton of the verte.dlictriee of
these, resolutions ; and . he says that in It 48;
after a gr eat contest in Ohio, a contest.more'
bitter old . malignant than
. .tlicse. men are
making against WC proposition now, it wag'
carried . i spite of them . ' And !rotwithatardle
ing the ears . and predictions .that were ex;-
pressed, he result has been beneficial ; -and
now no o ne in Ohio . would . he ,willieg .to,,ren
turn to t ose old laws. And upen th:s . print4 ,
Mr. Cha ff man,,l beg, to note a very , sudden
change n the part of op; opposition friends
here as t'o" the value and beautyof slavery.
Why, sill, .it is only a short time ago . when .
every oe .of , their representatives meal
whether[ i
Public speakers or writers. far the
'
public ess, agreed . in eulogizing the benefits •
and ri,„ is of sfaveer - In 1864, they floeded
the. Stet s_with the opinion of. rt, celebrated
Bishop,.which was designed .to prove that .
slavery was a divine institution, and tbat it
could not be abolished without great daoger
to the people; and yet i . .!r : within a_ short
year we find every one of these men converted
to the doctrine of humanity and of liberty
and are now disavowing all belief inAhe
righteousnes of slavery and pretending-tit
rejoice in its overthrow.. This'is very On. ~
couragi6g, and warrants us in lookiug fora
__
sinallar change as to`the . rightfulness of - the
truth a serted in this resolution, on the .part
of the opposition. I listened to a distingnished
gentlernan last everting
,commenting upon the
negro in hisnatural condition and contending
that belwas incapable of making. progress - dr , -
of improving himself ; . and yet he wound np
with what to me a very singetsenzineuricei•
meet on his part, - that he did not wantslavery
re-eau:a/liaised, bat would give tne negro the
right to acquire property,; and' he would eved
educaf them. Ido not very well understand
how a people who - eau- make no progress cao
be eduated ; but that is a matter ..for the
eentlenian himself. But thatgentleman did
e.
I not speak of any statistics in regard to the
colored) man which have been . takert within
the ltts thirty years ; bis figures wereall taken
prior to that time; and he even went.‘iack isi
thousand-years to. hunt up evidence against
that ra ce but WAS finally constrained to wind_
up with the admission that they ought not to
be re-enslaved, : •
Sir, , I feel great encouragement when Irma
so many conversions of that character; and .
we are 'strengthened in our determination to.
persevere in pressing other improveinents up-.
on the Country;, for I feel eertain.that In less.
than nnother, year these gentlemen will stand'
up and, avow themselves in favor of what they
now loOk upon as radical propositions. Why 2
not? . .They are not half, so radical .as' these:
otter measures which - they so lately opposed;
but now endorse. But : on this point of the •
inability of the negro to make progrese, Teak .-.
to be Permitted to read the following dispatch ; •
. - eWasulsoroe, - Jennery-31
"A new' incident occurred to-day before the Com--
mittee on /freedmen's Affair's: Among 'others, Our
enter Aiken, of South Carolina, gave the South-MOO '„
view of the condition of things in his State, reflecting'.
severely:upon the freedmen, said indulging in numb ~
of the flippant prejudice against th , e negro. Ile was -.
followed- by an 'intelligent contraband,' just arrived '..
here froln Charleston who astonished the contmitten
by a straightforward ' statism° it of facts concert:lloz,,
hls =coda the South, and the animus of the reeen-
strocted whites toward the negro. His narritriveln- - •
spired all hearers with its truthfelness, isnd his a'- '
=;
cite] of nets of cruelty made a deep finpmesion upon „
the committee. It was admitted by all that Governor
Aiken had found more than a mach in the'coioted, -
sinless{"• - • • ' ' . 1 .
' -
Mr. Speaker, I take it that it is pretty - gee&
evidenpe that there is • some ability to nittkff ..
progress In these people, Here-is one 'of eh'# - _
South jCarctlina chilalry,one of the ornament,
of.the Sonth,who comes up to 'Washington to
present his case; and there comes'np" Mier ._:
him one of his own ex-slaves,very likelthho -
gots before the committee and there atiscrete" : - .
this Sauthern leader—and answers hitel l 'sw :
well that those who•were present deelinel '
that he was More . than a Match for'his late' ''
master- Sir, there 'ere_ many • such sinves-..'
throughout the South. I listened to o ne crii%
self not long, since, who Was destitute of hei
education .whatever, who had beet; worked .
all hlallife so hard that he hailno.opporteinitY: -'
to . acquire infOrmation
_except - that . which
God
gave him in his humble position; !Yet.'
whose faith was so strong 'that it ongbfflo -''',
have put to shame the timid and despoiling ''
of the North.' As he appeared to "
manifest"' -
consideraole. intelligence,'l' asked him !fret.' .. '
Any time 'during the. war be or his people I
doubted the snecess of the North: ' He replied;'''
-Massa; we knowed dm, de - Great Bein - oho** . : 2
had a band in die mattery and he would'iiVis""::
victory to de . right, .
and •we knowed dat de' ''''.
North was in de -right ; end,. therefore, lire" .
never bad a doubt of de final - result .'' ' ' . l.ifay; '`• _ _
sir, that such faithfulness, intelligence - *lid
loyalty.as these men everywhere, at all timer :"
,
exhibited from the first firing on Fort.Suinter :'
down to the surrender'of Lee,. le-entitled-to
more consideration and kindly treatment than
tuts yet been awarded it. I will here read .z-"
you a few orderavfor the purpose of shoviing
that' these men were faithful to the Mann.
notwithstanding we attempted to drive theta
away, that they had a faith above enr•-qvitV:
that slarery and rebeition were ono andilhis
same thing, and that the Government , iisust
come tothe 'alternative of putting '
very or , letting- Itself - gd:under. '1 read'ez.
.kracts :from :two oflinial , .ordeirs In -otdef- to
I) how pot only We faidifoloens of thatpitop/eb
El
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