• -
lathe point of siew, might raise alarmi will
quietly settle themsehes. •
- NoWthat'great evil is at an end, or near its
end, the greatness of its evil In the point of
view of publicieeoncmy, becoross more And
more :apparent. Slavery was essentially:a.
monopoly of 140 z, and as such locked, the
States where it prevailed against the incom
ing of free Industry. Where labor was the
property of the capitalist, the white man was .
excluded . frotnlemployinent, or had but the'
second best chance of finding it, and the for-1
eign emigrant Iturned away from the .. region '
where his condition would be so precarions.
With the destruction of the monopoly, free
labor will hasten from all parts or the civil- I
ized world to assist in deteittping various and
immeasurable resources which have hitherto
lain dorm mt.
The eight or, nine States nearest the Gulf!
of Mexico have a soil of exuberant fe'rtility, a,
climate friendly to long life, and can sustain
a denser population than any other yet found
in any-ptirt cf, our ccuutry. And the future
infln l i t of population to them will be mainly
flout the North, or froun the most cultivated
rations in Europe: Frotn the sufferings that
have-attended them during our late struggle,
let us-look aWay to the great future, which :is I
sure to be ladita fat' them with greater pro: -
pet ity than hits ever-before been knoWn. The
removal of the monopoly of slave labor is a.
pledge that those regions will be peopled by
anumerous nrid enterprising population,whidh
will vie with Any, lu the union id compact-1
ness, in inventive gettius,Wealth and industry.
Our Government springs from and was
made forth
,people,' not; the people - for the
Government., To- them it owes allegiance:,
from them it trust de live its courn.ge,strengtli
and wisdom. .1 I3ut, while the Goetrnmenvis
bound to defgr to the people. from whom it
derives its existents, it should, from' the very
eousideration, of its origin, be strong in Its
power of resiptance to the establishment of,
Monopolies', perpetuities, and I
class legislation 'are coal, to the genius of
free goverougnt, and ought not to be al:owed.
Ilene there is'no room for' favored classes or
mOnopoliesi the principle of our Goveinment
le that of equal laws anti,freedom of industry.
Whet dyer monopoly attains a foothold, it
is sure to be tt source <,frlenger, discord and
trouble. We shall but, fulfil our duties as
legislators 'by, aecading "equal and exact
justice to all,men,""specilta privileges to none.'
The GovernMeitt is subordluate to the people ,
but, as the nt!ent and repretentative 01 the
leople, it moat be held superior to MonopO
lies,,which, i s themselveS, ought never to be
granted, and which, w here thee exist, must be
tothirdinate rid yield tolthe (.;lovernotent.
'rime Coottuntion confers on Congr. 83 the
right to regulate commence afr.nng the several
States. It ib of the first necessity,
.for the
realutenancel of the I.h iott,:that commerce
sliould be free and unobstructed. No State
can be jut:t•fled in any d , viee to tax the tran
sit of travel and C3ratriOree between States:
The positionlof many Siates is such that, it
they were allowed to ta'te advantage of it fox
purpuses of liocal 'event e, the commerce: be
tw,:ec State, might be injuriouSly burdened,
or even cirtdnlly prohiltned. It is best, while
the :wintry is still young, and wlitle the ten ,
deney to dangerous monopolies of this kind
stall feeble, io - usa the 1 ov,•er of Congress Sc)
as to prevepl any selfish impediment to the I
free eireulatiion of men end merchandise. A'
tax on travel and Merchandise, in their train-,
sit, constitultes one of the worsrfOrms of Lao-'
nopoly, nnd, tine evil is increased ;if coupled
With a denial of the cimiee of route. When
the vast extentof our :ountry is considered,
it is plain that every obstacle to the free cir
culation of commerce between the States
ought to be sternly guarded against by ap
propriate legislation, wlithin the limits of the
Gonstit ution,
The report of the Se, retary orthe Interior
explains the conditi 'of the public lan l ds,the ,
tinnsaCtionS of the Pt tent °thesauri the Pen I
cion Ilure4, the titan. ge cent of our Indian
affairs, thelprogreS;s nit de in the construction
of the Nellie Rai road, and forni:Oies infor
,
motion in reference to mutters of local inter
est in' the bistrict of C l olumbia. It also i.re-
Bente evidLee of the successful operations of
the Homestead Act, udder the provisions of
;which 1,1;60,53:: nere[3 of the public lands
were entered during the lest fiscal year—
Inure thaw one-fourth if the Whole number of
acres sold or othernise disposed of during
that period: • -
It is etinutted that the receipts derived
froth this source are tifficient to cover tjt e
eipensesincident to t to survey anti dispo,.al
of the lanils entered uHler this Act, and that
payments:in cash to BM extent of front forty
to fifty per cent. will to made by settlers,who
may thusj , at any time acquire title - before the
expiration of the pliod at which it would
otherwiseivcal. The Homestead policy. was
establidlt.d only ate- long and earnest re
bistanee ;. experience ‘roves its wiadoin. Tito
lands, in the hands of industrious Settler:.
VVIIORO lafior creat Ca isycolth and contributes
'to the public rezourcles, are worth more to
tho liititt4l State:t than irtlicy had been re
centred afiin solitude fbr future purchasen:
The lamentable events of the last four years,
An d the sacrifices nOtdc by the gallant-men
-174 our -Army and ;avy, have swelled, the
records O t• the Pensi a Bureau Co an unpre
cedentedextcnt, Oi the': tli day of June
(:,.
lust, - the total ululate of tunisioners was 85,-
1)86, requiring for thyir annual pay r exclugre
of expeites, the en-hi of $5,023,445. The
number ~of applied(lons that hare beed'al
lowed sines that di le will require a large
Increase of this am unt 'for the next fiscal
year. Tito means for the payment of . the
stiitends 'due under existing hives, to our dis:
&tied soldiers and sailor:, and to the i familioe
of such OS have perished in the service of
the country, will no I'ph!1 'ph! ,be cheerfully And
M
prompil ‘,
granted. grateftil people will not
hesitate to sanction ny Measures haring for
their .object the repel of soldiers mutilated
and families made ft therless in the charts to
preserve? our nationa existence.
The lleport of the Postmaster-General pre
esentt aO encouregln exhibit of the olierations
of the Piost Office IN parment daring the year.
The revenues of the past year from 1116 loyal
~
• States mono exceed d the niaximurn annual
treceiptsl from all tl e states previoUs . to the
Rebellion, in the sa. i of 5e,,035,02i ; and the
,
- Annual ',average inc ease of revenue during
the last fouryear.s, .ompared with the revc.
' tuts of 4 I the four yeas immediately preceedlnif
" ,
the Rebell ion, was '3, L ,7.3,545. .
The r'svennes of t to last fiscal year. :mount
eft to .514,556,153,nd- the expenditures 'to
$1.3,69.,758, leavin . g a surplus of receipts
,over expenditures of 5531,430. • Progress has
been made in. resto!:•ing the postal service in
the Southern States The views, presented
, by the Postmaster-Oeneral against the 'policy
of granting subsidies to ocean and_ mail
steamship lines upon establi,hea :routes, and
• in Sliver of continbing the present system,
.which litnits the colupensation for ocean ser
vice Wih° postage earning,S. are re,t:ommended
Co the careful consideration of Conlje.. , s.
ft appears from the report of the Secretary
of the Navy, that while, at the eoniumneement
of the presuut
. yrr,lthere were in commission
' 530 vessels of all ! classes and descriptions,
armed with :000 giths:and manned by 51,000
,men, the number of vessels at present In corn
tulltiottis 117 withitlq -ens and 13,128 men.
I
By this' prompt redaction' of the, naval forces
the expenses of the Government have been
I largely diminished and al, ntinber of vessels,
purchaseda fur naval purotl es from the
mer
chant marine, haVe been retittned to the
peadeful ptirsuits of comMerce. fi
• Since the suppression nf active hostilities!
our foreign! squadrons ha. Leibeenre-establish - 1
'ed, and consist of •essels much More efficient I
than those : employ -t1 on f.• l
mfilar serviee.pievi
-1 oils to the Rebellion. Tlke;suggestion for the
I enlargement of th4mavy yards, and especially
' for the establishment of one . in fesh water for
f
iron-clad vessels, es deserving f comi.idera- I
don; as• is also theirecoMmenila, ion for a dif.
ferent location anti more; impleigrounds for I,
the Naval At adetny. - ' !I
1 In the report of the leCretarf of War: a
general sumninty ;
i. 3 gi en of ,the military
1 campaigns of 18G11 and .e.it3s, ending :in the
Isuppression of armed resiultitace to the national !.
I aiithority in the insurgent States' The Mier-
' Awls of the general atiatinistre.iivc bureaus
of the War DepartMent 'during titre past year
litre detailed, ;
ancl! an estimate trade-of the
,
appropriations thirt will be required for mili
tary purposes in the fiscal year commencing
; the 30th day ofJ / Ititte, 18613. The national
!military' force on!tihe lst;of May, 1965, num
bered 1;000,51.0 i men. It is proposed to re-.
duce the military - I establishment, to a peace
tooting, comprehe l kding, fifty thousand troops
of all arms, organized se as to admit of en
enlargement by-iflling up the ra ks fo eighty
two thousand eii hundred, If th circumstan
ces of the ccuntrY should requrelan augment
ation of the army. •
The volunteer ; force lias airelidy been re
duced by the diScharge from se vice of over
I eight hundred diousinidl troops, and the De
partment is proCeeding rapidly in the work of
1 further reduction. The war estimates are
reduced from ',5;51C,250131 to 1533,814,561,
which amount, in the opinion of .the Depart
ment,. is adequate for a.pettee establishment.
The measures orretrenehmentin each Bureau
and brancli of the servibe exhibit a diligent
economy worthcif cominendatida, Reference
is also made in Idle 'report to th . eneeessity of
providing for in ainiform militia system, and to
the propriety; ofimaking suitable provision for
o oucdsd and disabled dflicersand soldiers,
The revenueAystem of the country is a sub
ject of Vital interest to its honor an'd prosper
ity', and should 'connutiiid the earnest consid
'l
eration of Congress. The Secretary of the
Treasury will lay before you a full and de
tailed report ofOte receipts and disharseinents
of the last fiscal year, of the probable receipts
arid expenditures for the year following the
30th of June,' 1 lalt.l. ;Ent the parninount
importance of fire subject so presses itself on
my own mindli'that I Cannot b it la}' before
you my views df the measures which are ie-
I quired for the good cliarneter,_ and, I might
also say, for did existe4e of this people.
The life of aT'epublid lies certainly in the
1 • ..
energy, virtue arid intelligence of its citizens,
but it is equally true that rigood royenuesys
; tent is the life', nf an ofganized Government.
I meet you at a time when the nation has-sOl
- itseff with a debt unprece
;tinted in our annalS, I Vast as is its amount,
it fades away into nothing when eompnred
'with the countless bleSsings that will be con
ferred upon our coon tih• and upon man by the
preservation of the nation's life. Now,on the
lirstoccasion of die 'meeting of Congress since
the return of Ipeace, k is,of the utmostlim
portance to inaugurate..a just policy, which
'shall at once be pin lin motion, and which
shall commend itself th those who come after
us.for its einifintiance.l .1
We must aim at nothing less than the eotn•
i
plebs effacement of the financial evils idiot
necessarily followed al state of civil war. We
taunt endeavor to apply the earliest remcdi
to the deranged state of the currency, and not
shrink from devising a policy which, without I
being opprtlssi ye to the people, shall humedi• ;
itchy begin to', effect n; reduction of the debt,l
and. it' persl
sted in, discharge it fully within
a definitely flied numher of years.
I It is our firSt duty to ilrq,.; i, in earnest f o r
our recovery from the ever- increasing evils
of an irredeemable mirreticy, Without a. and
den revulsion!, and.y4 without untimely pro
crastination. I Far,thht end we must, each in
our respective positicins, prepare . - the way. . I
hold it-the duty of ithe Executive to insist
upon frugality in :the expenditures; and a
sparing economy is itself a great national re..:
source. Of the banks to u filch authority has,
been given to issue notes secured by bonds of I
the United States, we may require the greatest I
I moderation and prudence, and the law must
1 he rigidly enforced when its limits are ex
ceeded. . ; ' I
We may, each one! of us, counsel our active i
and enter-Fit:leg can trymen to be constantly i,
140 their guard, to li• iiidate debts contracted I
! in a paper ctirreney,l Ind, by conducting busi- I
Inca as nearly as posible on a syStem of cash j
I paymentorishort ej l edits, to hold themselves
t prepared ito return tel the standard of gold and ;
silver. To aid our fellow citizens in the prie
r ,lent matiagenient of their monetary affairs,
1 the duty devolves on us to diminish by law
the ionointtif paperinoney now in circulation. I
1
Five yar.'s ago tin t hank note circulation of;
the cone ry ;amounted to not much more finial
$500,006,00D. NoW, the eirculatiombank and
national, exleeds $lomoo : goo. The simple ;
' statement of die t . ,tet -• recommends more;
strongly tha'n any
our
of mine could do,!
i tire necessity of our irestraining this expan- ' 1
I sCo The gradual fciduction of the currency
n.
is the only-line:lsere that can save the business
I
, of the country ft Din disastrous calamities;
and this can he alnip 3t imperceptibly accom
; plishied by 'gradually futltlizig the national
circulation lin sectitilies that: may be made
redeemable at the pie: sure ache Government.
Our debtlis donOt secure-Hfirst in the ac-,
tual wealtland stil . greater ,undeveloped re-)
sources of le connOT ; and next in the, char
acterl
of 'our institittions. The most iiitelli-i
gent oh. eryers amring, political , economists ; ;
have
. not failo to -,eitiark, that the public
dept of a. country isisafe ',iit proportion as itsh
people alio frL , e ; thalt the debt of a rept blie is!l
the safest of all Ottr history confirn s and!'
establislis the theory, and is, I firmly helievo,ll
qo3:inerlito give it la still more signal! illus- } i
fi ation. I .
N '•
' l ‘ip es,-
h
The scleret of this superiority - springs not,
f i rom the filet that in a republic the'
nationalt obligations are distributed more'
widely threticr,h countless numbers in all
classe o a f society; has its root in the clia,r
actor 01.,four. laws. Idlcrq all men contribute
to the public welfare, and bear their fair share
of the public buldens. During the war, ,
under the iinpulses.of patriotism, the men-ofd
the greuit body of the people, without regard'
to theiii own comparative want of wealth,
throng4l to our armies and filled our fleets
of ivar,l'and held themselves rendy ;io offer
their ky l es for the ppblic good. Now, in their
turn. the property priffincome of the ,country
should hear . their just, proportion of the lot.r
dcn of taxation, while in our impost'systeni,
through rueaus of tvlfich increased vitality is
incidentally imparted to all the industrial
interest of the nation, the duties should be
so adjuted as to fall MOA heavily on article's
or luswiy, leaving[ the necessaries of life as
free fro l M , to:ratio-al absolute wants of
the Golernment, economically administered
will justify. No fih-ored class slMuld derali
freedoM from a ases l sruent,!and the taxes should
be so distributed ee not to fall unduly on the
- —•— ---- -
poor, but rather on isle aecumnla.ted wealth i
I
of the country. We should loott at the ne.-1
tional debt just as '!. is—not as a national
l
blessings but as a heavy but den on the Indus:
try of the country, till be discharged without
nnneeebsary delay. I v ,
I It it estimated h. the Secretary of the
Treasury that the expenditures I for the &seal ,
-ear ending the 30th.of June, 3,866, will' ex
eeed the receipts $1112,194,047: It is grati- .
fying. however to skate that it is also esti
,fii
Mated that Cie rove ue, for the year ending
the 30th of June, I 137, will Oiceed the ex
, penditnreS in the su 1 'of $111,632.316. This!
amount, or so much Its may be deemed sail
citt. !Or the purposy ; may be 'applied to the
ire action of the publle debtorhich,on the alst
:daf October, 1365 p was $2,740,854,750.
eery reduction 11 , 411 diminish the" total ,
amoutit of interest td be paid, and so enlarge
;the , Means of still td
reductidns, until
the W hole shall be liquidat'ed; and this, as
will be seen from the estimates of the Secre
tary of the Treasuri, may be accomplished
by annual, payments eve,n within a period not
exceedingtthirty years.'" I have faith that we
shall tin all this within a reasonable time;
that, us we have amazed the world by the
suppression of a civil war which was thought.
to be beyond the control of any Government,
so we shall equally show the superiority of
our institutions by the prompt and faithful
discharge of our national obligations.
,The Department Of Agriculture, under its
present direction, is', 'accomplishing lunch in
devleloping and utili7ing the vast agricultural
capabiiitiei of the country, and for informa
tion respecting the details of its management
reference is Made to ; the annual report of'the
Commissioner.
. .
rhave dwelt thus' fully on our domestic
affairs because of their transcendent invert
ance. Under tiny dircutustances, our great
extent of territory land variety of climate,
producing almost evprything that is neeesrary
for thebwants , and even the comforts of map,
Making us singularly independent of the va
rying policy of for!itgn Powers, and protect
us against every t4tuptation to “entangling
alliances," while atd the_ present moment the
re-establishment of liartuuny, and the strength
that comes from Mi'yniony, will be our ,best
security against "nations who feel powei and
forget right."- . I
For myself, it hap been and it will be my
constant aim to momote peace' and amity
with all foreign nations mid Powers i and. I
have; every reason( to believe that they all,
without exception, are animated by, the same
disposition. Our relations with the Emperor
of China, so recent lin their origin, are, most
friendly. Our commerce with his dominions
is receiving new developments; and it is very
pleasing to find tluit the Government of that
great Empire manifests satisfaction with our
policy, and reposes just confidence in the
fairness' which marks oar intercourse.
TIM unbroken fitirmony.between the United
Stated and theEmileror of Russia is receiving
a need- suitors front an enterprise designed
to carry telegrapl4 lines across the continent
of Asia, through his dominions, and so to
connect us' with all Europe hy a new channel
of intercourse. Ohr commerce with South
Amei'"tca is about to•receive encouragement
by a:direct line df. mail steamships to the
rising Empire of Ilfrazil. The distinguished
party of men of science who have recently
left our country to make a scientific explor
ation of the natuilal history, and rivers and
mountain ranges of that region, have received
frOm the.Empercir that generous welcome
wliich was to have been expected from his
cohstant friendship for the United States, and
his well-known zeal in promoting the ad
vancement of knowledge:.
ii. hope is enteiltained that our commerce
with the rich -rid populous countries that
herder the Mediterranean Sea may be largely
in!creased. Nothi!ng, will be wanting, en .the
of .
part this Gormlnment, to extend the pro
tection-of our flag over the enterprise of our
fqlow• citizens. We receive from the Powers
I HI that region assnranees of good trill, and it
iS worthy of not.e that a special envoy has
bimught .us messages:of coJdolerice on the
death of our latel Chief Magistrate from the
Bey of Tunis, whose rule includes the old 1
dlominions of Carthage, on dhe African coast.'
1 I Our domestic contest, now happily ended,
b r as left sonic traces in our relations with one,
ii;t least, of the great maritime Powers. The'
, formal accordande of belligerant rights to the
I i);surgent States !was unprecedented, and has
I not been justified by the issue. But' in the
ystems of neutralitipursued by the Powers
Vhiett made that concession, there was a
marked differenc'e. The materials of war for
;`he insurgent Slates were furnished, in a
1, 4 mac, measure, from the workshops of Great'
Britain, and British ships, manned by British
i Subjects and prepared fur. receiving British
Lama:mews, sailed from the ports of Great
i.itztin to make ;;ritr on American commerce,
, l
oder the shelter of a commission from the
nstlYgerit States;
These ships, ;having once escaped from
1 ritish Ports, ever afterwards entered them
ilia every part of the world, to refit, and.so to
drenew their depredations. The consequences
Ilof this conduct.,Were most disastrous to the
IStates then in kebellion. increasing 'their
!desolation and Misery by the prolongation of
.bur civil contest. It had, moreover, the effect,
!Ito a great extent, to drive the American flag
from the sea, and to transfer mach of our
shipping and oar commerce to the very Power
whose subjects had crewed the necessity for
such a chabge. 1 These events took place be
fore d. was called to the administration of the
Government. The sincere desire for peace
by Which I am tiiiinated led me to approve
the proposal, yready :made, te, submit the
questions which had thus arisen between the
two'countrics to arbitiation.
These questiijus are of such, moment that
theTmust have commanded the attention of
the great powers, and are so interwoven with
the peace and interests of every one of them
as to have insured an impartial decision. I
regret to inforui you that Great Britain has
declined the arbitrament, but.' on the other
hand, invited us to the Limatioa of a joint
commission to Settle mutual claims between
the two,countries, frOm which those for the
detuedations before mentioned should be
excluded. The proposition, in that very un
satisfactory forM, has been deClined.
The timited States did not present the sub
ject as an impencliment of the good faith of a
Power which W F as ptofessiug the most friendly
dispositions, but as involving questions of
public law, of tivi.iich the settlement is essen
tial to the petice of nations ;. and, though
pecuniary rep&ration•to their injured citizens
would hare followed incidentally on a decis
ioM against GiCat. Britain, such compensation
was not thcitprimary object. They had a
higher motives and it : was in the interesti, of
peace and justice to establish important prin
ciples of Mternlational law. The correspond
ence will be pinced before you.
the groundhn which the British Minister
rests his justification is, substantially, that
the municipal law of a nation, and the do
mestic interpijetations of that law, are the
measure of its i linty as a neutral ; and I feel
bound to declare my opinion before you and
before the world, that that justification can
not be Sustained before the tribunal of nations.
At the same time I do cot advise to any ores
entlattempd at redress by acts of legislation.
- ,--
For the• feattre, friendship betw-een:tlae two!
countries must rest on the : basis' of mutual
justice. . "
From the moment of the! establishment ofl
our free Constitution, the civilized world has
been convulsed, by revolutious in the interests
of democracy or of monarch! ; but through
all those revolutions ] the United States hovel
wisely and firmly refused to, become propa
gandists of republicanism. jlt is the only
government suited to our condition ; but we
have never sought to impose it on others'; and
we have consistently followed the 'advice of
Washington to recommend it only by the
careful Preserlvation and prudent use of the!
blessing. Doting all the intervening period I
'the policy of European pOWers' and' of the I
United States bus, on the, (whole, been har
monious. Twice, indeed.: ruiners of the
invasion of some parts of America, in the
interest of monarchy, have prevailed ; twice
my predecssorS have had occasion to announce
the views of this nation in respect to. such
interference: 1
On both occasions the remonstrance of the
United States was respected,from a deep con
viction, on the part of European governments,
Hthat the systein of non-interference and mu
' tual abstinende from propagandism waS the
true rule for' the two , hemispheres. Since
those times we have advanced in wealth end
power ; but we retain the same purpose to
leave the nations of Europe to choose their
own dynasties and form their own systems of
government. This consistent in:oderation may
justly demand a corresponding moderation.
We should regard it - as a great calamity to.
ourselves ' to the cause cf good government,
and to the peace lof the world, should any
European power challenge the American peo
ple, as it were, to the defense of republican- i
ism against foreign interference.
We cannot'forsee antare unwilling to con
sider what opportunities might present them
selves, what combinations might offer to pro
tect ourselves against designs inimicable. to
our form of government. The United States
desir to act in the future as they have ever
acted heretofore ; they will never, be driven
from that course but by the aggression 6fl
European Powers ; and we rely on the It isdorn I
and justice of those Powers to respect the
system of non=interference which has so long
been sanctioned by time, and which by it's
good results, has approved itself to both con:-
' tinents. I
' The correspondence between the United
, States and Fiance, in reference to queStions
which have become subjects of discussion he,-
tween the two Governments, will at a proper
time, be laid fiefore Congress.
When on the organiz:ition of our Govern-
ment, under the Constitution, the President(
' of the United ',states delivered his inaugural
address to the two Hoses of Congress, he ,
said to thein,and through them to the country '
and to mankind, that , Itile preservation o!lthe
'sacred fire of !liberty and the destiny of the'
republican mOdel of gOvernment, are justly
considered aildeeply,,perhaps as finally staked I
on the experiMent , intrusted to the Anerican
people." _ !
And the'llquse of 'Representatives answered
Washington 0- the voice of Madison :—"We
adore tire inviiihle hand which has led the
American petiole, through so many difficulties
to cherish a 6riciona yesponsibilite for the
''destiny of republican' liberty." .ifors than
seventy six ydars have glided away since these
words were spoken ; the United States have
I
passed throu h severer trials than were fore
seen ; and n w at this new epoch in our exist
ence as one ation, with our Union purified by
sorrows, and strengthened' by conflict, and es
tablished by the virtue of the people,the great
ness of the occasion invites us once more to re
peat with soemnity, the pledges of our fathers'
to hold ourslees answerable before our fel
low-men for ihe success of the republican forrn
of government. ,
Experience has proved its sufficiency in 1
peace and in war ; it has vindicated its au
thority through dangers and afflictions. and!
sudden and terrible emergencies,which would .
have crushed any system that had Veen less:
firmly fixed in the heart of the people. At the:
Inauguration of Washington the foreign re-!
lotions of the country were few . , and its trade;
was repressed by hostile regulations ; now all
the civilized nations of the globe welcome our
commerce, and their Governments profess
towards us amity.!
Then our country felt/ its way hesitatingly
along an untried path, i kvith States so little
bound together by rapid means. of communi
cation as to be hardly +own to one another
and with historic traditions extending over
very few years; now-intercourse between the
States is swift and intimate ; the experience
of centuries has been crowded into a few
generations, and has created an intense, in
dcstcuctible nationality.
Then our jurisdiction did not reach beyond
the inconvenient boundaries of the territorry
which had achieved independence ; now
through cessions of land, first coloniied by
Spain and France, the country has acquired a
more complex character,
and has for its nat
ural limits the chain of Lakes, the Gulf of
Mexico/ and on the east and the west the two
great t4c, come.
Other nations were wasted by civil wars for
ages belfore they could eStablish for themselves
the necessary degree of unity ; the latent con
viction that our form of Government is tire
best ever known to the world, has enabled us
to emerge from civil war within four years;
with a complete vindication of the constitu
tional authority of the General Government.
and with oar local liberties and State institu
tions unimpaired. I . . i
The throngs of emigrant's that crowd to our
shores are witnesses of
. th'e confidence of nll
people in our permanence.! Here, is the great
land of free labor, where industry is blessed
with unexampled rewards) and the bread of
the workingman is sweetened by conciousness
that the sauce of the country- "is his own cause
his own safety, bis own diuity.7 Here every
one enjoys the free use of his faculties and the
choice of activity as a nritural right. Here,
under the combined influence of a fruitful soil
genial climes and happy institutions, popula
tion has increased fifteen-fold within a'centa ry.
Here, through the . easy development oj
boundless resources,wealth has increased with
two fold greater rapidity than numbers so that
Nye have become secure against the financial
vicissitudes of other countries, and, alike in
business lied in opinion, are self-centred and
truly independent. Here more and more care
is given to provide education for every one
I born on the soil. Here religion, released,from
political connections with the civil Govern
-1 ment, refuses to subservel the craft of states
men, and becomes; in its' independence, the
spiritual life of the people. Here toleration
is extended to every opinion. in the qniet cer
; •
tainty that truth needs only a fair field to se
cure the victory,
Here the human mind goes foth unshackled
in the pursuit of science,( to collect stores of
knowledge
,and acquire nu ever increasing
mastery Over the forces elf nature. Here the
national domain is offered and held in Millions
of separate freeholds., so that our fellow citi
zens,
beyond the occupants of any other part
of the earth, constitute in reality a people.—
Here exists the democratilc form ofgovernment
by the confession of European statesmen;
"gives a power of which no other form is
capable, because it incorporates every man
with the. State, and arouses everything that
belong ,, to the soul." • '
Where in past history does a parallel exist
to the 'public happiness which is within the
reach, of the people of the 'United States ?
Where i ln any part of the globe can institu
tions be found so suited to their habits or so
entitled to their love as their owmfree Consti
tution? Every one of them, then; in whatever
Dart of the land 11 has his home ; must wish
its perpetuity. Who of theM will not acknowl
edge, in the words of Washington ,
_ that "every
s.tep by which the people of the United States
have advanced to the: charadter of an Inde
pendent nation, Seems to have.been distin
guished by some token of Providetial agency.
Who will not join With cue in the prayer,
that the invisible hand,which: has led us thro'
the clouds that gloomed around our path,will
so guide us onward to a perfect restoration of
fratercal affections, that we of this • da7, - may
be able to transmit our great :inheritance, of
State Governments in all their right's, of the
General Government in its wheie constitu
tional vigor, to our posterity. and they to theirs
through countless generatiens
ANDREtv Jon:isms.
Washington, December 4, 180.
VALUABLE STANDARD BOOK,
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~308 BROADWAY, N. I% •
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on rre(
Addreei
Goods !
Winter
FE
OLISIsrED'S.
:/TOUR atttention is invited to the large:tu f t
attractive stock just received, and t or
sale as law as the' same qualities can bebought
anywhere in the county.
We have on hand . a large and varied al.
sortnient of Domestic. Cottons, ctrufirising
BROWN SBEETINGS, and
SHIRTINGS,
• BLEACHED MUSLINS,.
DENIMS,
STRIPES,
CHECKS,
TICEINGS,.and
COTTON- FLANNELS, on which we
cannot be undersold.
We purchase onr, goods for Cash and offer
them at a very samlLadvance
Fimil Cost.
FLANNELS.
I F you want to purclaaa6 D,
GRAY,
BLUE, or
PLAID FRENCH SHIRTING FLANNEL, call
At Olmsted's.
DRESS GOODS:
DELAINES,
PRINTS,
BROCHE, and
WOOLEN StrAWS
•
HOODS.
SONTAGS. -
tiCRIAS,
BMIORAL SKIRTS,
CLOTHS, and
CASSIMERES,'
a full supply;,
Al Olmsted's.
CLOTHING.
DON'T fail to call before purchasing and
see tile assortment,
BOOTS & SHOES
rOR Men, 'Women SChildren, in great ya
riety and cheap
At Olmsted's
For 'Molasses, Syrup, Sugar, Tea arid Coffee,
in fact everything in the Grocery line, call
AT OLMSTED'S
Tall assortment of almost everything that fir
kept in a country store on hand. We intend
to keep Goods that will give satisfaction,ani
sell good articles at the lowest living profit:
AT 'OLMSTED'S,
Want 0:[.
'Grairt,of a]] kinds,
Butter, Wool,
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Also,
County, Township and School Orders, for all
of which the highest prices will be paid
Al Olm.sletVs
Coudersport, Pe.,Nor'r 18, E9g7
GREAT' CHANGE FOR AGENTS
WHAT THE PEOPT.E WANT :(1116 STANDARD
ALISTORIC OF THE WAR;
Complete in one very large rolieme of 1000 page
• — 7
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dial." It contains readtrt matter equal to three large
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•Returned and disabled officers and soldiers,and en•
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For eircularsMad see our terms. Address
JONES BROTITEES Z. CO.,
. Yhiladelphis, a
I7octint
THE
STRAW-CUTTER
Y; 1564, IIY PORTER & SMITE
rpaousANDs of ilkeE , o Machines are being made
and sold, and give more
'Universal Salistaclion
ihen eny other
Straw or - Stalk-Cuttor
in marlret. It has no castings about and can be made
or repaired in any conntr!. town.
The - Knife is stationary—Box vibrates—feeds Beall
—cuts on top of the Inize—cuts everything squared!
any length you wish, and 3-Ou cannot make raggvi
work of it even with a dull knife,
• Price, 'sl2.
Samples of Machines car; be seen et chop of the
underei,nA. Manufactured and for sale by
Coudersport, Oct. 2, 1865
HOWARD ASSOOLA.TION,
PITILADELPITIA, PA.
RISE ASES of the Nervous, Seminal, Drina.
ry and sexual *stems—new and reliable
treatment—in reports of the HOWARD AS
SOGIATION—sent by mail in sealed letter`
envelopes, free of charge. Address, Dr. .1
SKILLIN HOUGHTON, Howard AssQpiation
No 2, South Ninth Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
13 jy 1864.
COUDERSPORT AND SHIPPEN
STAGE. ROUTE.
'4ESSRS. GLASSMIRE Sc. WHITE'S daily line
of :stas., , es will leave Ccradereport, until further
notice, at 8 o'clock in the morning, arriving in Ship
pen about 4 o'clock in the afternoon, and will leave
Sbippen on the arrival of the morning train, at 10:3,
arriving in Coudersport about '5 o'clock, P. af;
Travelers are refered to the Time-Table of the Phil•
ndelphia k Eric Railroad, which will be found adver
tised in this paper, for further piirticulais about the
advantages of this route. New York passengerswill.
SAVE 30 MILES TRAVEL AND - 5 HOURS TIME
by taking this route in preference to that of the Eris
Railway. NO CHANGE OF CARS BETWEEN
SIIIPPFN AND NEW YORE.. Fine, new, com
fortable 'wagons and good teams are kept on the Star
Bottle. Packages and Express business attended to
with care. D. F. GLASSMIRE,
• MILES WHITE, Fropre
Coudersport, Pa., Oct. o, /865.
Latest from Sherman 7,
lop osIN & TAR, from North Caroline, kr
-LI Bale by ETEBBn.
At Olmsted's
sheep Feta, Fars,
N. H. GOODSELL.