IMI
VOLUME XIV.--NUMBER' . 1.
THE SENTRY. -.
FR= THE GERMAN OP LOTZE
They're gone—the watchfires they have set
G!otr round the mountain-passes yet;
(na through the darkness of the night,
They flash a silent ; dickering light.
They shine on victory's distant track;
11 - hence none, alas 1 for me comes b4ck
They let me bleed to death, to-night,
True sentry, on the field of fight!:
Hushed is the tumult of the fray,
rho powder-smeke is blown away;
'faint, broken shouts fall on my ear;
Xi - comrades are all far from here.
yet, though ms commas :111 are far,
There gleams full many a golden star,
And angel-Lands light np, on high,
'The eternal tratebtires of the sky.
comrades brave, to victory !
Farewell, ye banners, high and free!
I can no longer be with you,
Another damp is'near in view !
White banners; in the moonlight spread,
;Float through the heavens above my head,
-Slow sinking non- I see them wave .
c Via'
flutter o'er a soldier's grave. •
•
0 loved one ; 'tis the thought of thee •
toe weighs dowu this heart in me
weep not, los'e, be this thy pride,
' That bravely at my post I died!
•ihe:Lord of Hosts, unseen, on high
lefttis out the armies of the ;
Soon AMU he call my name out eledr,
And T, true sentry, answer : Here !
- Adventure of an Orphan Boy.
Towards the latter part of the summer
of 18-10, a lad cf. prepossessing appear
ance entered the beautiful town of G---,
situated at the foot of S,eueca Lake, New
York, near the centre of the State. He
had traveled from the: , evetern part of
Ohio, where his father a widower, had
died from one of those :maliznant fevers
so common in newly made countries, while
overseeing the cultivation 'of a large tract
of/land, in order to regain a fortune
lost during the disastrous specWatioas of
1836.
Being an only son and left among
strangers at the death of his father,
George Wentworth resolved to leave Ohio,
and remove to the State of New York for
the purpose. of trying his fortune, in'any
manner that chance might offer. He
had passed through several towns and
villages on his route without meeting
with' anything to attract his attention,
until reaching G—. This tine town,
with its lovely lake and fine scenery struck
his fancy ; so he determined , to obtain
employment if possible, and make it' his
future home. I
While walking along the principal
street of the shady avenue overlooking
the lake on which were located several
fine churches and other public buildings,
be saw! a large crowd of people assembled
around a newly ;erected liberty pole, in
front of one of the principal hotels. On
approaching the spot, he found it a pub
lic meeting, held for Vic; purpose of
raising the pole and making party .
speeches.
' Our hero forced his NvCy into the crowd
just as they were raising the "Stars and
Stripes," with the names of their candi
dates to the top of the flag staff. The
flag liad scarcely r6ached half way; the
enthusiasm being at its height, when the
Cord twisted and caught in the, little
wheel at the top. They pulled and tried
every way, but were unable to raise or
lower the flag a single-iuch. The excite
ment and Cheeriog teas d and all eyes
were turned, to the half-m ) asted flag. A'
portion of the opposition party, who were
grouped a little in the rear' of the 'maim
body, began to jeer and joke ahout the
apparently bad omen, to the evident dis
comfiture
. of their opponents. -
At length Judge S—, editor and
publishervf the G— Journal, then , a
candidate for Congress, offered fifty dol
lars to the person who would climb the
staff and:draw the cord through the wheel.
The - utmost silence reigned for seferal
minutes; but no one advanced to .make
the daring trial.
"Will no one volunteer ?" shouted the
Judge, strongly excited as a peal of laugh
ter *eat up from the ranks of the oppo
sition. - - • -
The c - A . ltel•le had scarcely died away,
however, ;before GeSorge, with his cap and
shoes off,'-stepped before the Judge, and
with 'a confident -look exclaimed •
"Yes, sit-, I'll climb it !"
"You, my, lad, are you strong enough?"
"Oh, yes, sir; I am used 'to climb
ing." •
"Then go ahead, my little Spartan,"
said the Judge, at the same time giving
,him an encouraging =pat upon the Shoul
der. ,
Steadily,- hand over hand, feet
clutching the pole in'a mannerthat proved
hinl,to be an expert climber, Georgsmade
his way to the very top of the staff which
was so slender that it swayed to and fro
with his weight. Nothing daunte'd, he
wound his less 3 right and left around the
pole, and with his right hand untWisted
the cord. Shouting fearlessly to 'those
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belotife•-lioiiit'awayile - clung on till the
flag
fairly reached the top,and then slow
ly descended.
The cheers that now rent the air were
terrific—everybody, opposition and all,
joining in with s atie universal shout.
- After the excitement had . semewhat
subsided, Judge S— looked upon the
boy with admiration, and took out his
pocket book to pay the promised re
ward. . _
George, noticed the action and'exclaim
ed4.
"Keep your money, sir, I,want no
pay for helpigg to raise an American
flag."
"Nobly-said, my little man.-; what is
your name ! inquired the Judge.-
"George Wentworth, sir; I am an or.
plian t and just arrrived here in - search of
employment," replied our hero; his bright
eyes glisteuing with a tear.
. "Well, • you- shall live -with ,toc,'! ex.
claimed the Judge: "Pll take care of
you for the future."
Five . years have passed away since
George Wentworth: had been a member .
of his benefactor's family. In_ the mean
time Juke S= had been defeated by
his political opponent, and George had
been initiated into the mysteties of the
"Art of Arts." He had become a mat
favorite with the citizens, and-was looked
upon as the adopted son of the Judge.l---
liewas whispered in private circles that
he was to be the envied husband of the
beautiful and - accomplished Ida, the
Judge's only daughter. But this George
bad not dared to dream of; 'tis true he
never felt so happy as when in :her pres
ence, and it did make him twitch to see
the foppish students from the college
swarm around the unacknowledged idol
of his heart. Poor youth ! bad he known
the real state of Ida's feeling the thought
would have almost turned his brain; and
could he have interpreted the gleam of
joy that fished' ,from her. eye .when he
uttered a noble sentiment or sally of wit,
it would have filled his soul with extacy
and delight..
One fine day in the tatter part of June,
Ida,iher father and George, were enjoy
ing a sail on the lake in their; trim little
yacht, the Swan—which woo the cup at
the, last regatta, under the management
of our hero, who was standing with his
hand on the mast gazing at the beautiful
scenery on the opposite shore ; the Judge
held the tiller and,lda was leaning over
the side of the boat trailing !her pretty
hand through the clear water of the lake,
when a - sudden gust of wind carreened
the yacht so that' she lost her balance
and Toll into the water. George ficar i d
the splash wade by Ida, and before flie
Judge could. utter a crv, he had_kicked
off his light summer shoes and' plunged
in to her rescue. Being a skillful and
vigorous swimmer, he came up with ,the
struggling girl before her clothes allowed
her to sick, and entwining h©r waist with
his left Itrin, struck out with his ricrlit,
and kept her above water till the `Judge
turned the boat and came-to their. relief.
In a few moments they were safe in the
boat again, and Ida soon. recoveral from
\tis,
the effects of her unexpected bath The
old Judge embraced George an ex
claimed '. with tears starting from his
eyes :
‘fGod`bl - s you, my dear boy, You have
saved my daughter's life, how can I ever
repay 'you ?"
"By saying nothing about it," replied
George. "I owe you now a thousand
times more than I can ever repay, and am
too happy in being able torender this
slight .service."
The lovely Ida could say nothing, ,her
heart was overflowing, but she gazed' on
her preserver with an expression which
told volumes. Her father. observed her
earnest, loving glance, and began to
gtiess the true state of affairs. He was
not ii?epared for• it, and in silence he
turned the boat toward the shore. They
reached home with feeling's - far different
from those they had started With.
The following morning,. George re
ceived a note to meet the, Jud g e in his
library. His heart beat wildiy—what
can it mean.?
The Judge bad determined to put him
to a severe• test. As soon as Gcorge en
tered the library- he commenced :
"Since becoming an inmate of my fam
ily, George you have conducted yourself
in an honorable and worthy :Manlier per
forming every;duty cheerfully,' and neg
lecting none. You are now of age, and
capable of doing bnsinees for; yourself.
- I hint placed - 5000 in the bank at your
disposal, yba can - use :this sum •as you
think. proper, or let it remain; on interest,
or you can take. charge of any office under
a salary of fifteen hundred dollars a year.
In either case you must leav my house
for the present. What- do you think of
my proposal ?"
George was completely bewildered and
stammered Mph a request to be allowed
a few hours for consideration: This be
ing, granted, he repaired
,to his rooom and
threw himselton the bed in a - paroxysm
- -
De6ofea to Oa fsi•ilizipiis of. Dile baitpeNey, qqa isseti)irmtiorl of /Ito .too 4.0
COUDERSPORT, POTTER COUNTY, PA., WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER ,11, 1861;
* *
* ' *
of grief. Could the Judge.have guessed
whati, he himself had hardly dared to hope?,
What right - bad he to his benefactor's
daughter and fortune ? None! He would!
smother his feelings, and earn an honord-,
ble living by his own exertions.
Vnrions was the rumors set afloat by
the scandal mongers of as to the
cause of young Wentworth's leiving his
patron's mansion, but their' inuendoes'
were unheeded. His brow wore a more;
thoughtful expression, add his cheeks.
were paler. The Judge acted toward,
him in a straightforward, frank manner,
yet never addressed him ;n the kind,
fatherly tones as had been -his wont be
fore the incident that °ceased on the lake.
If he chanced to meet Ida in his walks,
a friendly nod was all that passed ; still
she felt that his looks betrayed him, for'
the-warm blood gushed from -his loving
heart and tinted his cheek with the tell
tale blush, and he cherished the pleasing
thoughts that her looks were beaming,
with love and hope.
A little More than a, year had parsed
from the time George had left the home
of tho.sa he loved, It was the-eve of an-,
other election. Excitement
, ran high;
and Judge S— ; was again a candidate
for Congress. For several weeks a series
of ably, written articles had appeared id,
the Judge's paper. They were addressed
to all' classes—farmers, Mechanics, and
laborers. The orignal and vigorous style,
clear convincing arguments, deep awn
prufound reasoning of these articles, inva
riably carried conviction to the parties fp,
whom they werel addressed. All , the
newspapers of the party of that Cougres,-1
sional district copied them, and curiosity I
was on tiptoe to discover the author, as'
they were simply signed by two little *
The election passed off, and Judge S—
was elected by a large niajoriv..
Late one night, while Ida and her fatli-.1
er were returning from a party given in
honor of his election, they observed a
light in the printing office. As the es- I
tablirhruent was usually closed at twi
light, it appeared strange that it should ,
be lit un acthat hour, so the Judge de
terinineil to learn the cause., Requesting'
his daughter to accompany him; they
walked up stairs and quietly entered the
office. A sight met their gaze which
caused the heart of one of them to leap
violently. At the desk, a short distance
from the door, sat George, fast asleep,
withliis head resting on his arm.
As Ida's father stepped forward to
awaken the sleeper, ho observed a politi
cal essay lying open on the desk, and 'a
freshly written article with the mysteri
ous * * attached. The truth flashed up
on the Judge in a moment-,-he wala in-,
debted to George for success ! He beck
oned to Ida, who came trembling to his
side. Just then they raw by the flicker
ing lamp a smile pass (her the slumber
er's face, and he uttered the words "dear
Ida," in a tender tone.
"Oh, father exclaithed - the loving
girl :affectionately, throwing her arms
around him, "do let George come home
again. It is surely no sin for him to loye
rue.'
Awakened by the sound of Ida's voice,
George looked around confused, and as
he Eau' Ida and her father, he endeavored
to hide the manuscript. But the Judge
stopped him, laughing, saying :
"It won't do, young rascal ! you are
fairly caught, found out—talk in your
sleep, will you ?, ha ! but here, take Ida,
and be happy I know she loves you.—
Ha I ha !"
George was bewildered and transported
-•—he ba been awakened from a pleasant
dream to alright reality.
Matters were soon. explained, and the
warm-hearted Judge, after blessing them
both, promised to see them married be
fore he started for Virashingtob.
AN ECCENTRIC BUT PERHAPS SENSI
BLE WILL.—The will of the late Earf of
Pembroke contained the following be
quests:
Item—l give all my deer to tbe Earl
of Salisbury, who I know will preserve
them because he denied the king a back
out of one of his own narks.
Iteni—T give - nothing to Lord Say;
which• legacy I give him because I know
he will bestow it on,the poor.
Item—To Tom May I give five shil
lings; I intended him more, but whoever
has seen his "histOry'of the Parliament',"
thinks five shillings too much.
Item—l , give Lieutenant-Gene'ral
Cromwell one word of mine, because Aith
eto he never kept his nun.
• Item—l give up the ghost.
A very religions old lady, when waited
her'opinion of the organ of a cinch, the
first time she had seen or heard one, re
plied: "It is a very prity box of whistles,
but, oh I it is an awful way of spending
the Sabbath 1"
Slavery bas commenced a War upon
the American Union. A distinguished
citizen says: "As God lives and reigns,
either this Notion will abolish Slavery,
or Slavery will abolish . ;
I THE PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE.
In the midst i of unprecedented,political fron
'hies, we have cause of great gratitude to i God,
for unusual good health and .most abnadarit
harvests. l'
Yen ivill not ' surprised to 'learn thet, in
be
the peculiar exigencies of the times, our inter-
Course with fdreign nations has been attended
with profound' solicitude, chiefly turning npon
our own domestic affairs. A disloyal pnrtion
of the Arrican people have, during the whole
year, been engaged 4n an attempt to ;divide
and destroy the Union. Arnation 'which en
dures factious, domestic divisions is ex - Posed
to disrespect 'abroad, land one party, if not
both, is sere,, sooner or later,, to invoice for
eign intervention. Nations 'thus terapttd to
interfere are not Eqsvays able to resis the
l
i
counsels of seeming expediency and nu ever=
(ins ambition, although measures adonis un
der such influences seldom fall to be unfor
tunate and injurious to those adopting them.
The disloyal citixens'of the United St.ate, who
have offered the ruin 'of our country in return
for the aid ann comfort which they hare in
voked abroad, have received less patronage
and encouragement than they probably ex
pected. If it were just to suppose, as the in
surgents have seemed to assume, that fOreign
nations in this case' discarding all moral, so
cial, and treaty obligations, would act l isolely
and selfishly for the Most speedy restoration
of commerce; including, especially, the acqni
sition of cotton, those - nations appear, as yet
not to have seen their way to their bject
more directly or clearly through the d 'strut
tion than through the preservation of the
Union. If we could dare to believe' tht for
eign nations fare actuated by no higher prin
ciple than this, I alu quite sure a second az
gument could be mad- to show then' that
they can reach their aim more readily and
easily by aiding to crush ,this rebellibit than
by giving encouragement to it. ' The principal
lever relied on by the' insurgents for exciting,
foreign nations to hostility against us as al
ready intimated, is the embarrassment 9 f com
merce. Tlidse nations, however, not improll-
I ably saw from the . first that, it was thefinion
I -
which madeas well our, foreign as our domes
'tic commerce. They can scarcely hav failed
Ito perceive that tile effort for disunion pro
duces ,the existing difficulty, andat one
; I
strong nation promises more durable peace,
ani a more extensive, valuable, and eliable
commerce, thew can the same nation broken
into hostile Jra,giments. ,
It is not my purpose to review our iscus
sio'ns with foreign States, because, whatever
might be the wishes or dispositions, the .in
tegrity of our country and the stability of our
Government mainly depend, not upon them,
but on the loYalty, virtue, patriotisin, and in
telligence of the A merica n'people. The cor
respondence itself, with' the usual reserva
tions, is herewith submitted. „I venture to
hope it will appear that we hicapeactistaii
prudence and liberality torrard foreig i n pow
ers, averting cause?; ' of irritation, and with
firmness, maintaining our own rights and han- , ,
or. Since, however, it 's apparent Orli here : l
as in every other Btate,"Toreign dangers net- I
essarily attend doMestic difficulties, Ilreconi
mend that adequate and ample meaures be
adopted for maintaining the public ' defences
on every side. While under this general re
commendation, provision for defending our
coast line readily 'occurs toi the mind, I also,
in the same connection, as the attention -of,
Congress to our great lakes !and rivers. el's'
believed that some fortifications and depots
of arms and munitions, with harbor and nav,
igation improvements, at wepseleeted points
i,: ia
uron these, would be of gr-at imPor rice to
the National defense arid preservatio .
' 1 tsk - attention to th 9 views of the ecreta
ry of War, expressed in his I Report, upon the
same general subjects. I I
' I d, --n it of ins- that the for
seem it o importance that .ue loyal re
gions of East Tennessee and Western North
Carolina should lie connected ivith Kentucky
and other faithful parts of 'the Union hy rail
road ; I therefore recommend, as military
measure, that Congress provide• for ,ihe con
struction of such a road a.= speedily as Possible.
Kentucky will, no doubt, co-operate, and
through her Legislature,' make the Most ju
dicious eekction of a line.,. The horthern
terminus must connect with some 'existing
railroad, and whether the route shall be from
Lexington or Nicholasville to the CuMberland
Gap, or from Lebanon to the Tennessee line
in the direction of Knoixville, or on some'still
different line, can easily be determined. Ken
! tucky and the Genital Government: co-ope
rating, thework can be completed ili a very
short time; and when dcine it will be ;not only
of vast present usefulness, but also a valuable
I permanent improvement, worth its cost in all
the:future.
Some treaties, - , designed chiefly for the in
terests of„commerce, and havinglo grave
politiCal 'importance, have been ne rotiated,
and will be submitted to the Senate for their
consideration. Although we have failed to I
induce some of the commercial petrel's to
adopt a desirable melioration of the rigor of
maritime War, we have removed all ;obstruc
tions from the Way; of this humane reform:
except such as are .merely ;of temporary and
accidental 'occurrence. I incite your attention
to the correspondence between her Britanic
Majesty's Minister, accredited to this Govern
ment, and ;the Secretary of State, relative to
the detention of the British ship Perthshire,
in June last, by the United S'at4 ; steamer
3fassachuietts, for a supposed breach of the
blockade. ; As this detention was,ocicasioned
by an obvious Misapprehension of the facts,
and as justice requires that; we should commil
no belligerent act not founded in strict right
as'sanctioned by ;public law, I recommend
that an appropriation be made to !satisfy the
reasonable demand of the Owners of the vessel
for her detention. ' ! • •
•
I repeat ; the recommendation of my- prede
cessor, in his annual message to Cougress in
Decemberlast, in regard to the disposition of'
the surplus which . willprobably reMain after
`satisfying .the claims of !American citizensl
against China, puknatit to the awards of the
commiisieners under We - act of the 3d of
March, 1859.
df, however, it shod not be deemed advi
sable to carry that recommendation into effect,
I would suggest that authority be given for
investigating the principal; over the4:oroceeds
of the surplus referred to, in good secnrities,
with a view to the satisfaction of such other
jnst claims of our ;citizens against IChina as
are not Unlikely to arise , hereafter in the
+ Af o. extensive
e act Of the sth of;
:thoriz i ed the Piesi4
'ders bf :suitable ;•
course
Empire.
By tb
greys .
comma
es" against and .
hority has been eie
themsel
This it ,
only: For like me
of our extensive al
instant
I.e ion
the 'Eastern seas, e.
Jat it #ould also be
pc commanders o :
ire any prizes whic 1
rated States vesse i i
Consular Courts f.i.l
.fru countries to adit:
event that this sho'ul
if elocal authoritieil
good reason exists
ire longer in trithhOi
the iadependence a
ind Liberia, I am ua
ng. however, to ind
in regard to' them a
lor Congress; I submi
r 2 7ce i
to met
thorizo
recaptn ,
of the t
and th
in East
in the '.e
to by t
persev
Lion o
Hayti ,
Unwill
policy
bation
the eipediency of
intaiuinga Charte d',
new States: It
Oat iruportout cossur
be secured by favor
er-atio.
for ma!
.of thesi
doubt
might
them
operations of the Treasury durig,the
which has elapsed 'since your adjourn
lake been conducted with signal sue-
The pitriotism of the people has Placed
disposal of the Gov i ernment theilarze
1 dercainded by the public exigencies.
Of the National loan has been taken by
i, of tlic industrial r asses, whose
1 confi
1,
n thelr country's 'faith, and zeal 'flii
: anti-., 's deliveran4 from its present
ace induced them to contribute to the
of tlie Government the whole of their
acquisitions. ThiA fact imposes pecu
igatidns to econondy in 'disburset4ut
.1
1 rgy, in action. • .i. .. i
revenue from all sources, including
for the, :financial .i, ar ending on the
'June,. 1861, was :$84,835,000 27; and
tl endifu re s for'the same period, includ
yments on accounts!of the publie debt,
84. • 578,034 47, leaving a
,balauce in the
T
try on, l the Ist of JCIy of $2,257,066 80
first quarter of thlinanciril 'Tear' end
the .30September, of lB6l. l'lt&re
from all sources, inOuding the haluace
1. wore $102,5:2409 1 27, and the *ex-
pensei $93.239,733 09, Imtving a balance on
the Ist of &tuber, 1861,' Of Z4;112,77 6'lBl
Estimatesifor the remainini-threequarters
of the year, and for the fiiMnetal year - 0f 1 1363,
together with his views of the ways and mean's
foreting the demaud i s centemplated by
them, will be.submitted; Ito bongress by!the
ii; ,
Secie ry of the TreasurY It is gratifying to
knoit that the eipenses ' made necessary by
the reibeilion are not beyond the resonsces of,
the , kial pektle, and to t+lleie That theshmel
patrioltism.which has thus for sustained!the!
Goveilninen4 will continli!e to" sustain it; till'
peace Land union shall aglin bless theland. ,
I Ve-pectf Ily refer to tl e repOrt of the sec- ,
retar of ar for information respecting the I
flume lee trength of the army, and for re• !
vi ii
emu' endations having i view an increase of
its efficiency and the well being of the various
branches of the service entrusted to his Care.;
It is'gratifylng to know that the -patriotism of!
the people I as proved equal to the occasion,
and that thnumber cf troops tendered kreat
ly exceeds he force which Congress author-.
izmrine to all into thedfield. , I refer With!
pleasure to thoSe portions of his repOrt ivilielt-;
make allusi n to. the'creditabledegree of ! dis.
ciplinc alre dy attained by our ! troops, Mad to
l
the excelle t sanitary condition of:the !entire
'army.: Th recommendation of the Secretary •
for an organization of the militia upon 'a uni!-
form- basis is a subject of; vital impottanee tel l
the fqture safety of the country, and! is corm
mended to the serious attention of Congress.
The late addition to tic regular Army; in
connelction r e - itli the defection that has so con
sider; bly di inished the number °fits officersd
al p
gives !eeultor importance to his recommend-,
ation pr increasing the cbrps of Cadets to the
great . e.t caPacity. of the' Mil.tary Academy.l
By mere °Mission. I presume,
! Congress ; has
failedtto pride Chaplains for t H
he ospitals,"
occupFed b the Volunteers.. This! subject
was bvongh to my notice, and I was! inclined
to drqw up the form:of a letter, one copy of
which, proerly addressed, has been delivered-,
to eault ,of t e persons And at the ! dates re-1
~
speztifiely n nacd, and stated in a schedulel
containing' Also the form of the-letter marked!
.A.,..abd herewith transtni tee. These gentle-!
men;T ! understand, entered upon tie' duties'
designated At the times respectirely!stated ini,
the • schedude. and have labored faithfully !
therei'F' evek- since. I.Therefore recommend!
That t ey 1) , ... compensate at the sane rate ns
Chaplains In the- army: I further" suggest'
that general provision be made 'for chaplains'
to serve at' hospitals it well as viith"reg
iment. , I L .
.. i
•Th :Report of the Sebretary of ,The ;levy
presents in detail the operations of that branch
of the servie, the activity and energy Which
have Characterized its ad'painistratiod, ad'a the
results ofleasures to increase its efficiency
anCrower. .Such have been' the: additions,
by soinstruelion and purchase, that 'it imay
almotit be said a Navy hias been ereateLand
brought into service since our di/Bei:ties
comMencedl, Besides Wockading dnr_exten
sive Oast, squadrons, later than ever before
. !
-- i ----, 1 -
assetnbled under our flag, have heeW put
atloe4 and performed deeds Which hare in
creaS. 41 our naval renown. ~. , 1
I 1 uld invive special attention to the - AA
com '• endaton of the Secretary for ;the t.nore
i
)
perfett organization' of the Navy, by introduc
ing 4 ditional grades Into the service. i The
prein t OrtnttliZalOi defective and undatis
facto , and ° the suggestions submitted by the
Depa ttnent will, it is believed, if Adopted; '
. v.
obvie e the difficulties alluded to, proinote the 1
haritiOny a d increase the efficiency of the
i
:`aryl;
,• , :
Thire at three vacancies on the Bench of
the Sepre' e Court, two by the deceit:se of
Justicles Da iel and McLean, and one by the
resignation of Justice Campbell. I have so
far forborn making nominations to .fill the
mnvaeies f r reasons which twill now state.
Twof the atgoing Judges resided . Within
a
the' tes ow overrun by revolt , so that if
l
Sucee sora Were appointed in the Barrie focal.
itietiihey mined nut 1/OW'ESerill upon their cir
1-
cuits 'and Many. of the Iznost competent men
robs
ply ly would not take the personal
'(i r
1 • '[ • '
TERM.- -$l.OO PER ANWURI,
hazard of accepting to eerie eren here' pow.
the Supreme Bench. •11.-
03VC been unwilling to throw all the up.;
pointmetits_Noithward, thus disabling, t4self
front doiuglustice to the South on'the recant
of peace, although I may remark that to trans 4
fer to the North one which -has ,herethfore..
beet} in the South, would, not, with reference -
to territory and popnlation,be unjust. Daring
the long, and brilliant judicial career of dodge
McLean, his circuit grew into an empire Ulm.;
geth'er too large!, for any one Judge to give the.
I.7 , ourbi therein more than wnominal attend.,,
ance, rising in population front 1,470,018 in;
1830 to 6,151,405 in 1860. Beside this the
.couptry i generally has outgrown one present
judicial system.
witbc thiit
. I •
Ingust last, Cop
tAnt to initruatfbe
J essels to' defeuil
capture pirates
•rcised in a strode
re e6ectual!pro 7
d' valuable corti
peci4ly, it seems
I Advisable to au-
o.iiitig vessels
?itates may make
'and their ca.r<ro'6
,
)tabliabed 1..)y late
tulteate the case. 3,
not be 4ibject4d
If uniformity was at all intended, thEt' i sys.;
tent requires that all the States shall belie...
coinuiodnted with Circuit Courts attended by..
Supreme Judges; while in • fact Wisconsin,
Ilidnesont, lowa, Kansas, Florida,
California, and Oregon, have never had any.
such Courts. ; - i
_Not can this well be remedied .withitut a-.
chaUte of the system, beeause theladding of
Judges to the Supreme Court enough far the
ac4mmod2ition of . all parts of the • country,.
with Circuit Courts, would create a Court'
altj,gether too numerous fur a Judicial ;body .
of any sort, and the evil of it be one that will
inerease as new States come into the .T.Thien.
Circuit Courts are, useful or they ate not
useful. If useful, no State should to denied
thui. It -aot usefnl, no State should ;have
then,. Let them be provided for all, orabol
ished as to alL'
irLp vice. sbould
iding our recap:4l,l-1
Ind sovereigntY of
iaNe in discern it.
augUrate a noel
ith -
the appre
tforlyouzstid-
an ; aripropriaton
Atraires nEureacL•,
Ides not arlidaii of
erciai advantages
ble treaties with
Three 'modifications occur to me, either of
which I . think would bean improvementupOrt
Our present system. Let • the Supreme Court
belof convenient number in every event;
' Then, first; let the whole country be divided
info circuits of convenient size, the Supreme
Judges to serve in a number of them; Ones.
punding, to their own number, and indepen
dent "Circuit Judges be provided for all the
rest: •
pr, secondly, let the Supreme Judges be
relieved from) -Circuit defies,. and. Circuit,
Judges provided for all the Circuits.
jOr, thirdly, dispense , with Circuit Courts
1 Altogether, Icarian; the Judie's' functions whol*
' lvl to the DistrictlCourts, and an independent
'Supreme Court., ' • ' ,
.- I respectfully recommend to the coueidera-.
tion of Congress the present condition of the,
istinute laws, with the hope that Congress will
I be able to find as easy remedy for many of
Ithe ineonveniencas and evils which constantly
mulberries those engaged in the practical ad
rn-dnistration of them. Since the orgunizaticni
i of the Government, Congress has enacted same
fire thousand acts and - joint resolutions,. tvldelt
fill more thud six thousand closely printed ;
pages, and are scattered through many vela
nines. I+lany,of 'these acts have been drawn
•; in haste, and without 'sufficient Caution, - so
Itl^itt their provisions are often obscure in.,
1 +
theanselves,mr in conflict with each other. or
!al least so doubtful as to render it very diffi-
IMilt for even the best informed persons to as- ,
Certain precisely what 91e statute law really''
I is. It seems to me very important that -the
statute laws should be made as plain mad ine
' telligible as passible, and be redneed to as
small 'a compass as ay consist with the fall-.
nbss and'precision of the will of the legisla
tare and the perspicuity of ate language, This,
well done, would, I think, greatly facilitate .
the labors of -those who-se duty it is to assist:
hi the administration of the laws, and-would
I be a lasting benefit to _ the people r by placing
before them in amore accessable - aad intelli
gible form the laws' which so deeply concern
! their interests and their'duties, lam inform- ,
1 ed by some whose opinions I respect that all
i the acts of Congress now in force / and of a
Permanent and general nature, might he re
''deed and re-written so as to be embraced in
One volume, or at least two volumes of ordi
.,
'nary and 'convenient size;' and I respectsully
recommend to Congress to consider the Sub
ject, and if my stigg,estion be.approved, ttide-
I.
1 rise such plan as to their wisdom shall seem
I , m
ost propor for the- attainment cf the end
1
I proposed. -
f 1 One of the "Unavoidable consequences of:
the present insurrection is the entire: supp ,-Siones
in many places of all ordinary means of
indministering civil justice bY Op officers and
in the forms of existing law. This is the case -
in whole or in part in all the insurgent States,
_ And as our armies .advance upon end take
i Possession' of parts of those States, the pine
!
rival evil becomes more apparent. There are
1 no courts, nor officers to whom the citizens of
1 other States may apply for the enforcein.lnt
of their lawful claims against, citizens of the
1 insurgent States, and mere is a vast amount
!Of debt constituting such chilies. Some have
! estimated it as high as $200,100,000, due in
!trge part from insurgents, in open rebellion,
loyal citizens who are even now making.
'great sacrifices in the discharge of their pat
! tiotic duty to support the Government: tinder -
Ithese circumstances I .have been ttrgentlyi so
licited to establish by military !power courts
o :administer summary justice in suer cases,
I bare thus far declined to do it, not because -
1 had any doubt that the end proposed. the
Collection of the debts.-was jest and right in
ttself, but because 1 have been unwilling to.
leo beyond the pressure of necessity in the on- ,
usual exercise of power.'' But - .the powers of'
Congress, 1 suppose, are etic.:+l, to the zoom•
aloe's occasion ; 'and therefore I refer the whole
Matter to Congress, with the hope that a plan
1 ' di- he devised for the administration ofjus--
4 ;
ee in rasuch parts of the insurgent Mules
and -Territories as may be under the contr. I .
,!:+f this Government, whether by a yeluntary
to.allegiance and order, or by the p0 %7 ... -
i rof our - arms ; this, however,' not to be iir -
Permanent institution, but a temporary sub..
stitute, and to tease as soon as, the ordinary
bourts can be re-established in peace.
It is important that some more convenient'
means ehonld be provided, if posSible, far, the
Adjustment of claims against the GovernMent f ,
especially in view of their increased - number
by reason of the Ira*. It is as much the duty
bf Government to render prompt justice
against itself in favor of citizens is it is to Ad- -
minister the same betweenprivate individuals,
1 The .- Investigation and stn . dictation et(
claims, in their nature, , belong to, the judicial
department; , besidesa-it is apparent that the .
1 a ttention of Congress will be mote that rant ,
ally engage or some time to come with great
,national questions. ' ' ''.- -! 1 • -
;Court
was intended by the organization-of the
of Claims mainly to raIROVe 11'lb: 1 .n - dm/t _
OM
II
111
El
II
II
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