PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE.
aj-On Tuesday. at 12 o'clock, the President of
the U. States transmitted to both Houses of Con
gress his Annual Message. In view of its extra
ordinary length we have determined to furnish our
readers With an abstract of its . contents, giving the
President's views in full on the more important
topics.
The Message opens, as usual, by congratulating
Congress on the prosperity which pervades the
country, the vast extension of our territorial limits,
and the - rapid increase of our population, unparal
leled in the history• of nations, and recognizes our
indebtedness to the Giver of all good for the num
berless blessings which the country enjoys.
The relations of the U. States with all other na
tions, with a single exception, are of the most ami
cable nature. It has been the sincere desire of the
President. in all his foreign policy to Cultivate and
and cherish friendship with every power, as congc
•nial to his own feelings and the nature of our in
stitutions. Yet the protection of our national inte
rests from encroachment or sacrifice, and our na
tional
honor from . reproach, are affirmed to be ob
jects of paramount importance, to which all other
considerations must bend. The ,President then
goes into a very lengthy detail of our national in
tercourse with Mexico for the purpose of proving
that the existing NVar with that Republic could not
have been avoided, so far as our own agency is
concerned, without an abandonment of all regard
for the honor and interests of the country. The
war was neither desired nor proN'oked by the U.
States, whose Government had made every effort
possible to secure a redress of its many wrongs
without a resort to the last alternative. The Pres
ident complains of the opposition to the policy by
which' the war was superinduced, manifested in '
many portions of the country, as having a tenden
cy to embarrass the Government in its prosecution 1
_of the
.War and encourage resistance on_the part
of the enemy, r and deems it his duty to defend his
, Administration from the charges preferred against
it by the opponents of the war.
Reference is then made to the long series of
wrongs suffered by the commerce and citizens of
the-U. States at the bands of Mexico, commencing
. with the first organization of the latter as an inde
pendent republic. The imprisonment of otir.citi
zone engaged iit lawful commerce, the seizure-and
confiscation of their vessels, and the insults to our
Hag, had become so frequent and systematic prior
to 1831 as to call for the energetic interference of
the Government of the U. States:" -- After repeated
demands for a redress of grievances, Mexico was ;
induced to conclude a treaty of amity on the sth of
by which it was hoped that these out-
rages would be ended. The hope, however, prey
'ed vain ; the outrages were. repeated again and a
- gain, until in February 1E37, President Jackson
drew the attention of Congress to the matter. Both
Houses sustained the views of the President in re
gard to the aggravated character of the wrongs sus
tained, but recommended' another demand for re
dress before resorting to hostilities. A special
messenger was accordingly despatched to Mexi
co, but with no better Successthe Government of
that country simply re-iterating its desire for
peace and its willingness to satisfy all reasonable
egainstit. A Convention was finally en
tered into by Conirnissioners from both Govern
ments with the view of adjusting all difficulties,l
which, after sitting a long time, adjourned in Feb
ruary, 1842. Awards in favor of American citi-1
rens to the amount of $2,026,139 were agreed up
on; to be paid in instalments by Mexico—leaving
claims to the amount of $4,000,000 undecided.—
Failing to comply with the terms of 'the Conven
tion, Mexico asked for an extension of the time in i
which the instalments were to be paid, and receiv
ed it at the hands of the U. States. Notwithstand
ing all this moderation on our part, Mexico has as
yet failed to comply with her obligations—but three
of the twenty instalments having been paid. Be
sides this, a new Convention was entered into in
1843, for the adjustment o of the remaining claims,
which, although ratified by the U. S. Senate in
1844, remains as yet unacted upon-4111exico.
Such are the:causes of complaint on the part of
the U. States against Mexico—causes which Pres
ident Polk affirms to have existed long before the
annexation of Texas; and yet, animated by the
love of peace and a magnanimous moderation, our
Government did not adopt those measures of re
dress, which, under such circumstances, arc the jus
tified resort of injured nations.
The'President here goes into a history of the e
vents that led to the Texan Revolution and her In
dependence, and her subseqUent annexation to the
-U. States, with the view of showing that no cause
of offence to Mexico could have arisen out of any
agency on the part of our Government. •
Texas constituted a portion of the ancient prov
ince of Louisiana, ceded to the U. States by France
in 1803. In 1819, by the Florida treaty, the U.
States ceded to Spain all that part of Louisianawith
in the present limits of Texas. In 1824 Meideo
threw off the control of the mother country, and es
' fished a Government somewhat similar to pur
own. Under' the t - GovernMent then formed, mat
- tem continued until 1835, when a military revolu
tion in the City of Mexice st d erted the federal and
• u o
State Constitutions, and - a military dictator
at the head of the Government: The people of the
'State of Texas refused sulunission to the new order
of things, and flew to arms, In March 1836 a Con
vention of her people, declared Texas an independ
ent 4eßublic and absolved from all allegiance to the
Central Government. Samta Anna soon after inva
ded Texas with a numerous army, but was met and
defeated inthe battle of San Jacinto. Having been
madte7prilainer himself, Santa Anna, in May 1830,
acluiOwledged , ftftb full, entire, and perfect indepen
dendentthe'Flopublic of Texas," as a condition of
his liberation. Although this act was never recog
.nized by the Cetitml Government, yet from that
time to the present * Mexico hai failed to reconquer
hex Miolted territory, whose independence has, in
tboilosaftllnto, been recognized by the U. States and
the-telisitn4 'European -Powers. Texas, then, at
the~'iiftq eta! aho stied for admission into the Union,
hula ad' 1'
watetat pe en nation, as rnuch so as Mexico
he If dltil hor annotation could furnish no reason
* -1
i
isb.ls
. pretunplaint to t latter.
Tf
ok'Atilideo aextirpeliteds to 'meet • die - objcc-
Ilan: lite , ing or our troops to the hanks of
thi Rio was in invasion of Mexican . or dis
puted tetlitoiy attd as the Piebideut devotes a labor
(
ed argument to this point, we give his reasoning in
full and in his own words : •
But there are those who, conceding all
this to be true; assume the ground that the
true western
,boundary of Texas •is did
Nueces instead of the Rio Grande ; and
that, therefore, in marching our army to
the cast bank of the latter river, we passed
the Texan line, and„invaded the territory
of Mexico. A simple statement of facts,
known to exist,-will conclusively refute
such an assumption. Texas as ceded to
the United States by France in 1803, has
been always claimet - 1 as extending west •to
the Rio Grande, or Rio Bravo. The' fact
is established by the authority of our most
eminent statesmen at a period when the
question was as well if not better under
stood than it is at present. During Mr.
Jefkrson's administration. Messrs. Mon
roe and Pinckney, who had been sent on a
special mission to Madrid, charged, among
other things, with the adjustment of boun
dary between the two countries, in a note
addressed to the Spanish Minister of For
eign Affairs, under date of the twenty
eighth of January, 1805, assert that the
boundaries of Louisiana, as ceded to the U.
States by France, "are the river Perdi•
do on the cast, and the river Bravo on the
west ;" and they add that "the facts and prin
ciples which justify this conclusion are so
satisfactory to our Government as to con
vince it that the United States have not a
better right to the Island of New Orleans,
under the cession referred to, than they
have to the whole district of territory
which is above described."
Down to the conclusion of the Florida
treaty,--in February 1819, by which this
territory was ceded to Spain, the United
States asserted and maintained their terri
torial rights to this - .extent. In the month
of June, 1818, during Mr. Monroe's ad
ministration, information having been re
ceived that a number of foreign adventurers
had landed at Galveston, with the avowed
purpose of forming a settlement in that vi
cinity, a special messenger was despatched
by the government of the United States,
with instructions from the Secretary of
State to warn them to desist, should they
be found there "or any other place north of
the Rio Bravo„ and within the territory
claimed by the United States." Ile was
instructed should they be found in the
country north of that river, to make known
to them "the surprise with which the Pres
ident has seen possession thus taken, with-'
out authority from the United States, of a
place_within'their territorial limits, and up
on which no lawful settlement can be'
made without their sanction." Ile was
instructed to call upon them to " avow iii-'
der what national authority they profess
to act," and to give them due warning
"that the place is within the United States,
-who will sußr no permanent' settlement
to be made there, tinder any authority o
ther than their own."
As late as the eighth of July 1842, the
Secretary of State of the United States, in
a note addressed to our minister in Mexi
co, maintains that, by the Florida treaty of
1819, the territory. as far west as the Rio
a a usith., LuptinllCU to ;spin. in that
note he states that "by the treaty of the
twenty-second of February, 1819, between
the United Slates and Spain, the Sabine
was adopted as the line between the two
Powers. Up to that period, no consider
able colonization had been effected in Tex
as : but the territory between the Sabine
and the Rio Grande being confirmed to
Spain by the treaty, applications were
made to that Power for grants of land, and
such grants, or permissions of settlement,
were in fact made by the Spanish authori
ties in favor of the citizens of the United
States proposing to emigrate to Texas in
numerous families, berme the declaration
of independence by Mexico."
The Texas•which was ceded to Spain
by the Florida treaty of 1819, embraced
all the country now claimed by the State
of Texas, between the Neuces and the Rio
Grande. The republic of Texas always
claimed this river as her western bounda
ry, and in her treaty made with Santa Anna
in May, 1836, he recognised it as such.—
By the constitution 'which Texas adopted
in March, 1836, senatorial and representa
jive districts were organized, extending
west of the Nueces. The Congress of
Texas, on the nineteenth of December,
1836, passed "An act to define tbe bounda
ries of the republic of Tekasr in which•
they declared the Rio Grande from its
mouth to its sottree - to be their beithdary,
and by the said act they extended "their
civil and political jurisdiction" over the
country up to that boundary. During a
period of more than nine years, whic t in
tervened bet Ween the adoption of her con
stitution and her annexation as one f the
States of our Union. Texas asserted and
exercised many acts of sovereignty and ju
risdiction over the territory and inhabitants
West of the °Nueces."
She organized and defined the limits of
counties extending to the Rio Grande. -- 7
She established courts of justice and ex
tended her judicial system over the territo
ry. She established a custom-house, and
collected duties, and also post offices and
post roads, in it. She established a land
office, and issued numerous grants for land,
within its limits. A Senator and a Repre
sentative
residing in it were elected to
the Congress of the republic, and served;
as such before the act of annexation took'
place. In both, the Congress and Conven
tion of Texas, which gave their assent to
the terms of annexation to the United
States, proposed by our Congress, were
representatives residing west of the Nue
:es, who took part in the annexation itself.
This was the TeX as which, by the act of
our Congress of the twenty-ninth of De
cember, 1845, was admitted as one of the
States of our Upton.
That the Congress of
.the U. States un
derstood the State of Texas which they ad
mitted into the Union to extend beyond the
Nueces is apparent from the fact, that on
the thirty-first of December; 1845, only
two days after the act of admission, theyy.
passed a law "to establish a collection dis
trict in the State of Texas," by which they
. i
created a portal deli vory at Corpus Christi,
situated west of the Nueces, and being the
same point at which the Texas CUSWlli
hous.e, under the laws orthat republic, had
been located, and directed that a . surveyor
to collect the revenue should be. appointed
for that port, by the President, by and
with the advice and consent of the Senate.
A surveyor was accordingly nominated
and confirmed by the• Senate, and has been
ever since in performance of his duties.—
All these acts of the republic of Texas,
and of our Congress, preceded the orders
for the advance of our army to the east
bank of the Rio Grands.
Subsequently, Congress passed an act
"establishing certain post routes," ex.,entl
ing west of
,the Nueces. The country
west of that river now constitutes a part of
one of the Congressional districts' of Tex
as, tnd is represented in the House of
Representatives. The Senators from that
State were chosen by a legislature, in
which the country west of that river was
represented. In view of all these facts, it
is difficult to conceive upon what ground
it can be maintained that, in occupying the
country west of the Nueces with our army,
with a view solely to its security and de
fence, we invaded the territory of Mexico.
But it would have been still more difficult
to justify the Executive, whose duty it is
to see that the laws be faithfully executed,
if in the face of all these proceedings, both
of the Congress of Texas and of the U.
States, he had assumed the responsibility
of yielding up the territory west of the
Nueces to Mexied, or of refusing to protect
or defend this territory and its inhabitants,
including Corpus Christi, as well as the
remainder of Texas, against the threatened
Mexican invasion.
But Mexico herself has never placed the
war which she has %raged upon the ground.
that our army occupied the intermediate
territory between the Nueces and the Rio
Grande. ller refuted pretension that
Texas was not in fact an independent
State, but a rebellious province, was obsti
nately persevered in ; and her avowed pur
pose in commencing a war with the United
States was to reconquer Texas, and to re
store Mexican authority over the whole
territory—not to the Nueces only but to
the Sabine. In view of the proclaimed
menaces of Mexico to this effect, I deemed
it my duty, as a measure of precaution
and defence, to order our army to occupy
a position on our frontier as a military
post, from which our troops could best re
sist and repel any attempted invasion
which Mexico might make.
Our army had occupied a position at
Corpus Christi, west of the NUeees, as
'early as August, 1845, without complaint
from any quarter. Had the Nueces been
regarded as the true western boundary of
Texas, that boundary had been passed by
our army many months before it advanced
to the eastern bank of the Rio Grande.—
In my annual message of December last I
informed Congress, that upon the invitation
of both the Congress and Convention of
Texas, I deemed it proper to order a strong
annlairnn An din .4CO IMO 7.
concentrate an efficient force on the, west
ern frontier of Texas, to protect and and
defend the 'inhabitants against the menaced
in a of Mexico. In that message I
informed Congress that the moment the
! terms of annexation offered by the United
States were'accepted by Texas, the latter
became so far a part of our own country
as to make it our duty to afford such pro
tection and defence ; and that for that pur
pose our squadron had been ordered to the
Gulf, and our army to ''take a position be
tween the Nueces and the Del Norte," or
Rio Grande, and "to repel any invasion
of the Texan territory which might be at
tempted by the Mexican forces."
It was deemed proper to issue this or
der, because, soon after the President. of
Texas, in April, 1845, had issued his
proclamation convening the Congress of
that republic, for the purpose of submitting
to that body the terms of annexation pro
posed by the United States, the govern
ment of Mexico made serious threats of
invading the Texan territory.
These threats became more imposing as
it became more apparent, in the progress
of the question, that the people of Texas
would decide in favor of accepting the
terms of annexation ; and, finally, they
had assumed such a formidable character,
as induced both the Congress and Con
vention of Texas to request that a military
-force shonld be sent by the U. States into
her territory for the purpose of protecting
and defending her against the threatened
invasion. It would have been a violation
of good faith towards the people 'of.Texas
to have refused to afford the aid which
they desired against a threatened invasion,"
to which they had been exposed by their
free determination to annex. themselves to
our thaion in compliance with the over;
ture4m4e;terOein by theajointjesolution
of our Ctligr-21X. 44' •
ACCo . l*ilffl3Ortion of the army ‘Vas
ordered , to ativanee-:. irfto Texas. 'Corm.
Christi was the posilion t seleeted by Gen.
Taylor. He encamped .at that place in
August 1845, and the army
.remained in
that position until the 11th of March 1848,
when it moved westward, and on the- 28th
of that month reached the east bank of the
Rio Grande opposite Matamoras. This
movement was made. in pursuance of or
ders from the War Department, issued on
the 13th of January 1846.. Before these
orders were issued, the despatches of our
Minister in Mexico, transmitting the deci
sion of the Council of Government of lidex
leo, advising that he should not be receiv
ed, and also the despatches of our' consul
residing in the city of Mexico—the former
bearing date on the 17th and latter on the
18th of December 1845, copies of both of
which accompanied my message to Con
gress on the 11th of May last—were re
ceived at the Dpartmentof State. These
communications rindered it highly proba
ble, if not absolutely certain, that our min
ister would not be received by the govern
ment of Gen. Herrera. It was also well
known that but little hope could- be enter,
tabled of a different result from Grn. ra
redes in case the revolutionary movement
which he was prosecuting should prove
snecessful, as was highly probable. The
partizans . of Paredes, as our s , ninister, in
the despatch referred to, states, breathed
the fiercest hostility against the U. States,
denounced the proposed negotiation as
treason, and openly called upon the troops
and the people to put down the gov,ern
ment of Herrera by force. The reconquest
of Texas, and war with the U. States,
were openly threatened. These were the
circumstances existing, when it was deem
ed proper to Order the army under the corn=
nand of Gen. Taylor to advance to the
western frontier of Texas, and occupy a
position on or near the Rio Grande.
The apprehensions of a contemplated
Mexican invasion have since been fully
justified by the event. The determination
of Mexico to rush into hostilities with the
U. States was afterwards manifested from
the whole tenor of the note atilt: Mexican
Minister of Foreign A frairs•to our minister
hearing date the . l2.th of March 1818.—
Paredes had then revolutionized the gov
ernment; and his minister, after referring
to the resolution providing lor the re-an
nexation of Texas, which had been a
dopted by our Congress in March 1815,
proceeds to declare that fact such as
this, or, to speak with greater exactness,
so notable an act of usurpation, created an
imperious necessity that Mexico. for her
Own honor, should repel it with proper
firmness and dignity. The Supreme Gov
ernment had beforehand declared that it
would look upon such an act.as a cases
kill ; and, as a consequence of this decla
ration, negotiation was, by its very nature,
at an cost, and , war was the only recourse
of the Mexican government.''
It appears, also, that on the fourth of
April, ft)!lowing, Gen. Paredes, through
his Minister of ‘var, issued orders to the
Mexican General in command on the Tex
an frontier, to "attack" our tinny "by ev
ery means ‘vltich war permit:.'' To this
Gen. Paredes had been pledged to the ar
my and people of Mexico during the mili
tary revolution which had brought him in
to power. On the 18th of April, 1810,
General Paredes addressed a letter to the
commander on that frontier in which he
stated to him "at the present date 1 sup
pose you at the head of that valiant army.
either fighting already, or preparing for the
operations of a campaign ;" and "suppo
sing you already on the - theatre of opera
tions, and with all the forces assembled,
it is isdispensible that hoStilities he com
menced, yourself taking the initiative a
gainst the enemy." ,
The movement of our army to the Rio
Grande was made by the commanding,
general under positive orders to abstain
from all aggressive aets towards Mexico,
or Mexican citizens, and to regard the two
countries as peaceful, unless Mexico should
declare war or commit acts of hostility in
dicative of a state of war ; and these or
ders he faithfully executed. Whilst occu
pying his position on the cast bank of the
Rio Grande, within the limits of Texas,
4 hen 2,,,11 unt; of Lime °taws
of our Union, the commanding general of
the Mexican forces, who, in pursuance of
the orders of his government, had collect
ed a large army on the opposite shore of
the Rio Grande, crossed the river, invaded
our territory ; and .commenced hostilities
by attacking our forces,
Thus, after all the injuries which we
had received and horse from Mexico, and
and after she had insultingly rejected a
minister sent to her on a mission of peace,
and whom site hiul solemnly agreed to re
ceive, she consummated her long course of
outrage against our country by commen
cing an offensive war and sheddin,g the
blood of our citizens on our own soil.
The united States never attempted to
acquire Texas by conquest. On the con
trary, at an early period after the people
of Texas had achieved their independence,
they sought to be annexed to the U. States.
At a general election, in Septernbei. 1835,
they decided with great unanimity in fa
vor of "annexation ;'' and in November
following, tike Congress of the Republic
authorized the appointment of a Minister,
to bear thin request to this :"government.—
This government, however, having remain
ed neutral between Texas and Mexico du
ring the war between them, and consider
ing it due to the honor of our country, and
our fair fame among the nations of the
earth, that we should not at this early
pe
riod consent to annexation, nor until it
should be manifest to'the whole world that
the reconquest of Texas by Mexico was
impossible, refused to accede to the over
tures made by Texas. On the 12th df
April, 1811, and after more than seven
years : had ,elafrsed since Texas had estab
lished lier * independence, a treaty was con
,,cludetrlor the annexation of that republic
•to the.U, States, 'which was rejected by
the' Senate. Finally , on the first of March
1846,.Congress,paSset4•.a : joint resolution
for:ol)l6th% her to‘the'United States,
on,cettain prelinripary conditions to which
her Assent was required. The •solernhi7
iiitieSWhicli characterized the deliberations
n c t (I,± c .!. . of the g overnment and pcbple
're.tt. deply interesting ques-
Hors sented by these resolutions sire
ktio.Wir to the world. The ConfreSs, the
K7it;eotive, and the people of Texas, in a
Cfinvention elected for that purpose, ac
cepted with great unanimity the proposed
.terms.of- annexation ; and thus consumma
ted on her part the great act of restoring to
our federal Union a vast territory which
had been ceded to Spain by the Florida
treaty more than a quarter of a century be
fore.
After the joint resolution for the annex
ation. of Texas to the United StateS had
been passed by our Cokress, the Mexi
can Minister at Washington, addressed a
note to the Secretary of State, bearing date
on the 6th of March, 1845, protesting a
gainst it as-..an act of agoession, the tuo,:t
unjust which can be found recorded in the
annals of modern history ; namely, that of
despoiling a fricrdly nation, like ?iluxico,
of a considerable portion of her territory ;"
;..nd 111.: r.!,,int;,-'n
=ISMii
vexation, an being an a ! - :t "whert by ti,e ' Pared' s. and the suprettir rover' in . I.li "-
proince of Texas, an integr:ll portion. of. ico passed into the }onds cf a military
the Mexican territory, et agreed and admit- • usurper. 'trim wag known-to he bitterly ho: •
ted into the A 'net inn Unitin et” and i:” !tilt! to th e U. Suites.
announced that. as a consequence, his tni- I Although the prospect ora Facific. ad-•
stoat to the 1:. States had terininateilot:d juftment with the new ii••-•vinartortit u;is
demanded his p ass porti, w hk.h were 4r,,nt- npromising. front the known hostility ot .
ed. It was upon the. absurd pretext made it s brad i „ : h e IT . : ,...„., t ,,,,. vet, &terrain , d
by Mexico, (herself in debt for her inde- that nothing shotild be left undone on our
pendence to a . Fuccez , srld revulution.) that part to rostorc friendly relations between
the republic of Texas still continue:llo be, : the two countries, our minister was ill
notWithstandmg all that had leis'od, a pro- strutted to present his credentials to the
vince of Mexico, that this step was taken new governm•mt. and ask to be accredited
by the Mexican Minister. by it in the diplomatic character in whirl,
Every honorable tifort has been used by ,he had bees: commissio ne d. Ti o , s , in
ane to avoid the war which foliimcd, hut' structions he executed by his note o f th e
all have proved van. All our attemp:s to lst of March. 1846. addressed to the Nlex
preserve peace luive been met by insult iran linister of Forvig,ti .•‘trairs, but Id,:
and resistance on the part o' Mi•xieo.— request was insultingly refused by that
My efforts to this end colonic aced in the, minister in his answer of the 12th of the
note of the Sceretary of State of the 10111 same mouth. Nu . alternative remained
of March, 1815, in answer to that of the for our mini:eel. lint to demand his pass.
I lexiean Minister. Whilst declining to ports, ar.d return to the United States. •
reopen a discussion which had already Thus was the extraordinary spectacle
been exhausted, and proving again ‘‘ hat presented to the civilized world, of a goy
wasknown to the whole world, that Tex- (. .,•„ int ,„ !, i n vi„kanm of i ts own ex:l)re ,,
as hail long since achieved her indepen- agreetnent, having twice rejt oted a minis
deuce, the Seerctary of State expressed the t,,r of pe in: e, lavested with full powers to
regret \ it - this government that :Mexico
adjust all the existiter di ff erences between
should mye taken offence at the resolulion • the two countries in a manner just and
of .annexation passed by Congress. and :
onorable to built. I ant not aware that
gay() assurance that our "most strenuous m o de rn history present-. a parallel case, iti
efforts shall he devoted to the antic:o)lc ad- which, ill dim: nine:toe, one minim has re
justment of every cause of complaint be- fused even to hear proposilioltS iron :lll
tween the two governments, and to the other for terminating existing, difficulties
cultivation of the kindest and most friend- between them.
: .
ly relations between the sister republics." I Scarcely a hope of adjnsting our thin-
That I have acted in the spirit of this :„„i t i„ „yen at a „ mum , t
hay, or of preser
assurance will appear from the events ving peace with Pilexico.coithl he cherish
which have since occurred. Notwithstand- ed i i
w,o.i e Paredes remained at the head of
ing Mexico had abruptly terminated all di- thegiiveriwnent. lie had ataptired the so
111011111de intercourse with the United presto! power by a military revolution, and
States. and (mall!, therefore, to have been upon the most Folenin pledges to wage
the first to ask for its resumption, yet. war- • war against the United States, and to re
ving all ceremony, I embraced the earlifft conquer Texas which he claimed-as a re
favorable oppernmitY "to tiseerlain front totted province of Mexico. lle had de
the Mexican Government whether they . nounced as guilty of treason all those Mex
would receive an envoy from the U. States leans who considered Texas as no longer
intrusted to adjust all the questions in dk-l constituting a part of the territory of Mex-
P"te between the two gr`ventlnent''•" inien, and who were friendly to the cause of
September, 1845. .1 believed the PrtiPi- , '
peace. 'Fite.duration of the war which he
dolts moment for such an overture had at-- warred against the United States, was in
rived. Texas, by the enthusiastic and al- definite, because the end which he propo
most unanimous will of her people. had : sed, the rocompicst of TeXaS, WiiS 1101)C
-pronounced in favor of annexation. Mix- less. Pwsides, there was good reason to
ico herself had aureed to acknowledge the believe. from till his conduct. that it was
independence of Texas, subject to a condi- his intention to convert the republic of
Lion, it is true, which she had no right to 'Texas into a monarcliv, and to Call a for
impose and no power to enforce. The eign European prince to the throne. Pre
fast lingering hope of Mexico, if she "ill ' paratory to this end, tie had. during his
eould..have retained any, that frexas would , short rule, destroyed-the liberty of the
ever again become one of her provinces, press, tolerating that portion of it only
must have been abandoned. 1 which openly advocated the estlThlishment
The consul of the United States at the of a monarchy. The better to secure the
city of :Mexico was, therefOre, instructed success of his ultimate designs, he had, by_
by. the Secretary of State on the 15th of an arbitrary decree, convoked a Congress
September, 1815. to make the inquiry of : —not to be elected by the free voice of the
the Mexican Government. The inquiryl - people,hut to be chosen in a manner, to
Was made, and on the 15th of October, . make them sub:a:nit:at to his will, and to
1-845, the Minister of Foreign affairs of the • give him absolute control over their delib 7
Me - i'ican government, in a note addressed erations.
to our consul, gave a favorable response,' Under all these eiretunstances, it was
requesting, at the s am e time, that our na7 i believed that any revolution in Mexico,
val force might be withdrawn Iron Vera I
i ntnded upon opposition to the a hi...
Cr•an whilo ste s -ol;ett;.•tto crit..ll,l IJG pond , :M
: uous projects of.Paredes would tend to
inn. Upon the receipt of this note our na- ! promote the cause of peace, as well as pre
val force was promptly withdrawn front ; vent any attempted European interference
Vera Cruz. A minister was immediate- iin the atiairs of the North American con
,ly appointed, and departed to Mexico.— ! tinent—both objects of deep interest to the:
Every thing bore a promising aspect for a', umi e d States. An y such
foreign interfe
speedy and peaceful adjustment of all our : rence, if attempted, must have been resist
difficulties. At the date of my annual e d by the U. States. m y , views upon
message to Congress, in .I.)cettiber last, 'that
Subject were, fully communicated to
no doubt was entertained but that he would • C ongress i n my l ast annua l message . , I n
be received by the Mexican government, any event, it was certain that no change
and the hope Was cherished that all cause ; whatever in the government of Mexico,
of misunderstanding between the two': which would deprive Paredes of power,
countries would he speedily removed. in could be for the worse, so far as the Uni
the confident hope that such would be the ' ted States were concerned, while it was
result of his mission, I informed Congress' hi g hly probable that any change tuust be
that I forebore at that time "to recommend.; fOr the better.
. .
such ulterior measures of redress for the This was the state of affairs existing
wrongs and injuries we had so long borne, when Congress, on the 13111 of May last,
as it would have been proper to make had ' r,.. ~ •. , 1 •• • t • • 10 war which
( o 1111 LA IIC CX1:1 (lit 0 AL
• .., •
no such negotiation been instituted." ; had been comMenced by the government
- To my surprise and
,regret, the Mexican ! ol• Paredes ; and it - became an object ef
government, though solemnly pleeged to do much ,importance, with a view to a speedy
so, upon the arrival of our Minister in Alexi- settlement of our difficulties, and the reslo
co, refused to receive and accredit hiin.— ration of an honorable peace, that Paredes
When he reached Vera Cruz, on the 30th ; should not retain Power in Mexico.
of November, 1815, he found that the as-1 [ The President then goes on to state
pect of affairs had undergone an unhappy ' that the officers in command of the block-,
i change. The government of General Tier- aging squadaon in the Gulf had been order- .
rera, who was at that time President of the :ed not to obstruct the passage of Santa.
- Republic, was tottering to its fall. Gen. ' Anna to Mexico, in the hope that in the
Paredes (a• military l e ader) h a d manifest- ''contest between Paredes and Santa Anna.
ed his determination to overthrow the goy-' a more friendly disposition towards the U.
eminent of' Herrera, by a military revolu-
States might develope itself, and induce a
tion ; and one of the principal means
more ready return to peace. In this hope
which he employed to effect his purpose, ' the President was strengthened by the pro , .
and render the Government of Herrera odi- :
fe ss i ons o f h o stility to Paredes and his
ous to tile army and p eo pl e o f Mexico,' w hole policy so frequently- avowed by
was by loudly condemning its determina- Santa Anna. The hope is still entertain
tion to receive a minister of peace from
ed that the result may prove the course at
the U. States, alleging that it was the in-'
the Administration in allowing Santa An
tention of Herrera, by a treaty with the United States, to d ' na to enter Mexico,lo have been judicious,
dismember the territoryi The movements of our invading army
of Mexico, by ceding away the.departnient : arc adverted to, and the gallant achieve
of Texas. The government of 11errera-is.: meats of the brave troops composing it,
believed to. have been well disposed to a! commended in proper terms. Inless than,
pacific adjustment of existing difficulties;, ' seven months after the commencement of
hbut, probably alarmed for its own security, hostilities, we have acquired military pos.
and, in order to ward off the danger of session of the province of New Mexico.
the revolution led by Paredes, violated its N ew
Leon, Coahuila, Tamaulipas and the.
'solemn agreement, and refused to receive 0 ii
,- , a donnas, a territory larger in extent than
or accredit our minister ; and this,although ' that embraced in the original thirteen
informed that he had been invested with :, States of the Union. The Caws of the U,
full power to adjust all questions in dispute; States have been extended over these pro
between the two governments.. Ivinees, territorial governments established,
Among the frivolous pretexts for this re- , and to provide for their security, it is re- •
fusel, the principal one was, that Our min- : C. : untended that Congress make adequate
ister liailoot gone upon a special inission,lappropriationa lyr the erection of . lbrtiftea.
confined4b . the question of Texas alone, • lions, &c.
leaviog all the outrages upon our flag and I On the 27th of July last another over
our citizens unredressed. The Mexican' Lure was made to Mexico ftw the termina
government well 'knew that both oitr na- ! tion of hostilities; this was declined by
tional honor and the protection tine to our; the M..xittn Government, but its decision
citizens imperatively required that the two : referred to a Mexican Congress,' to be as
questions of boundary and indemnity , tembled in the early ..port of this month,
should be treated together, as naturally and : The war will cuptintie lobe prosecuted with
inseparably blended, and they ought to : vigor, as the best‘TriVins ofseenring peace,
have seen that this - course was hest Niko- ' and to this end a new loan 0f.523,000,000
lated to enable tte -- -trnited State's to extend 'is recommended. The President also rt
to
thed i thelimit liberal justice. •On the' eon - Intends a graduation and reduction of
30ill a necember, 1845, Gen. Ilerrh'ire- ' the price of the public lands ; a sale of the
signed the Preldth' u.'y, tend yielded up the , mineral lands. and that no appropriation, --
governimnt to teat. Mat-du , . without a' he tit;ol for objects. whieh can be•p0,11 , 4). ''
:Artiggle. Thu:. a revolution ‘.'.a.. ! in'coni- ncd witt o ont grv:il pub;ic ioiurv• TL'' ' - e-' : '
pli-ln-d !_'l , Il 1 , l - !:!, :trill, 1•0 t 1 11]1:111(!I '1 i' •. •• tf, fd ' “-: f r . 11 ,, •!!! - h... 11 401 . 1. ! , 1 !
. 1
EM!MIM=CI:MS!iSZ
•were about $29,031,000. Income, about
4.A28,500,000,ba1ance in the Treasury on
Ist July last, about $0,120,000. Public
debt, December Ist, 18.18,ahout 24,300,-
000, of which there was due On the 4th of
March, 1815. $17,780,000. Amount of
debt contracted since the 4th of March.
I 1 8 15 , $0.170,000.
The President again asks for the $2,-
000,000 solicited at tile close of last ses
sion but refused by Congress, to be used,
if necessary, in bringing Ll , ,iti-ta_peiule
with Mexico.
Assurances have been received from the,
government of Sp a i n , that her 'rela
tivetreaty,
to privateeing will be enforced, and
the passage of a law is recommended
' for the punishment of those who violated
.-'i the treaty as pirates, and also to authorize
the issue of letters of marque on our part.
, * The TARIFF question is next adverted
i to, the President re-a ffi rming his hostility
l to all duties imposed with a view to pro
tection, and especially to the protective
." features of the Tariff of 1842, by which
1 the mass of the commuoity were compel
' led to "contribute from their substance to
the overgrown wealth of the.comparative
-1 ly few who had invested their capital in
manufactures." Such a system is pro
nounced "unequal and unjust," and the
country is congratulated on the!substitutioii
of ii system more liberal in its features-.—l
The 'farad 1846 is eulogized, and any I
modification of it, except in imposing du
tics on some articles now admitted duty'
' j free, deprecated in the following words : ]
"In my annual message of December
last, a tariff' of revenue duties based upon
the principles of the existing law was re
commended, and I have seen no reason to
change the opinions the) expressed. In
view of the probable ..t
tellcial effects of,
that law, I recommend tat the policy es- i
tablished by it be maintained. It has but
just commenced to operate, and to. ;Wand-
on or modify it without giving it a fair
• trial, would be inexpedient and unwise.—
Should defects in any of its details be as
: certained by actual experience to exist,
these may he hereafter corrected : but un-i
til such defects shall become manifest, the
act should kw fairly tested. .
It is submitted for your consideration
whether it may not be proper, as a war
measure, to impose revenue duties on
sonic of die articles now embraced in the
free list. Should it be deemed proper to
impose such ditties, with a view to raise
revenue to, meet the expenses of the War
with Mexico, or to avoid to that extent the
creation of a public debt, they' may be re
pealed when the - emergency which gave
rise to them shall cease to exist, and con
stitute no part of the permanent policy of
the country.'' . _______ _
[ln consequence of difficulties expe-
Crieneed in carrying out the provisions of
the Subtreasury Bill, certain modifications,
,!.;. proposed by the Secretary of die Treasu
ry, are recommended to the favorable re
-I;:jgard of Congress.
The eStabliAment of a Branch Mint at
New York is reeonimended, in conse
,, quence of the large demand for specie in
paying the revenue duties at that port.
The establishnient of a Territorial Oov
!! eminent, and the extension of the laws Of
the U. States, over Oregon Territory is
recommended ; as alSii the granting ofpre
einOtion rights to those who may settle
within its limits
Our relations with the various Indian
tribes continue to be of a nacilie character.
During the past year important treaties
have been negotiated with some of the
tribes, by ivltieh the Indian title to large
tracts of valuable land has been extinguish
ed. In our intercourse with the several
tribes, particular attention has been i,riven
to the important subject or education.--
The number of schools established atnong
them has been increased, and additional
means provided, not only for teaching
them the rudiments of education, but of in-
siructing them in agrictilitire and the me
chanic arts.
The revenue for the Post Office Depart
ment durinp• last year was $3,187,100, and
the expenditures:6'l.oB4,297, waking the
excess of 'exi n end i tures 8507,007
President thinks that with proper
!cations the Department may be made to
isupport itself', thou( any change in the
present rates of postatt?. After referring
to some matters of minor importance the
President vonelinles his message in the
following words :]
With full reliance upon the wisdom and
patriotism of your deliberations, it will be
my duty, as it will be my anxious desire,
to co-operate with you in every constitu
'tional etrort to promote the welfare and
maintain the 'ionor of our common coun
try.
JAMES K. POLK.
December 8, 1815
ILYA writer in the Carlisle lletald suggests
;:nw.tan rlinimr, Esq. of Carlisle, as a suit a
'ble candidate for Canal Commissioner.
na A wotnno, natoed ELIZAIII.III BAsEm AN, re
iding at Malaliett's Factory, Carroll. Co. \ld.
vas so badly injured on the ..25!1t oh. by Ler clothes
akit gfo:e. ai to die in a short t we,
the Ilegents of the "::'iiiitloonian Institute' .
iiave appointed l'iof. 111. m: v, of Pr:vet:ton, the
•ecretary of the Institute, with a salary o':s.l,oiii)
H wy h a v e also voted an annual appropriation of
R':U,IIGU lot riirehasing a Library.
11J - A man, named Dennis 111'Mahen, %vas killed
t Reading on the 26th u:t. by filling under the
vheels of one of the cars while the train wus in
Q) The Lancaster Tribune notices a successful
•urgical operation performed on-a lady in that noun
y, by ilk. Jou r L. AT LE, by which a dropsical
timer ‘veighing •15 pounds was removed from the
bdomen.
Erin(lge. Ihnruat ha's been o:qted Qcsn a
or froth South Carolina, in the room ill*M•Dullie
'7'l4:small pox. prevails to . stielt an ex
f•nt avtL.Wontlstoel;, Illinois, that all civil
oit:i t•purt svure :oljotimed to tllc - ncxt
1:111 M 4111112
GETTI SBUIIC.:
Friday Evening, Dec. 11, [846.
AN APPRTNTICE TO TIE PRINTING PUSINEB3
fri Will be taken at this Office, if early applica
tion be made.' The applicant must be possessed
of correct habits, and from 11 to 17 years of age.
11.74 - WIx.t.TA NI F. WALTEn. Esq. hag been ap
pointed Postmaster at Ilunteistown, in this Conn
ty, in the room of Mr King.
Congress.
At 12 o'clock on Monday last both !louses of
Gongless were called to order. A quorum was
found to be present in both branches-40 mem
bers appearing in the senate, and ISO in the
Home. There being no Officers to elect, but little
was clone in either branch in addition to the ap
pointment of the usual committees to wait on the
President.
In the House five new members, elected to sup
pl.y vacancies, were qualified—Mr. Ha'e of Mass.,
Ripley of N. York, M . Daniel of Mu , Powen and
Cottrell of Alabama.
A I:thiolution,-offered by Mr. Winthrop, resto
ring the pi ivileges of the House to the .IZeporter
o: the N. York Tiihnne, was adopted by a large
tu ,rit)
A didicillty having ari,en as to the selection of
•eats, it was determined that the names Of all the
menibe!s should Le placed in a box, and drawn
out by the Clerk; the members selecting scats as
their names were announced. -
The Committees to wait on the President hav
ing reported that the Annual Message would be
traminitted at 12 o'clock on the following day,
both Houses adjourned.
In the Senate, on Tuesday. nothing of import
ancetranspi,ed beyond the reading of the message
In the Ilouse. Mr. Boyd introduced a bill to fri .
crea:e the pay of the non commissioned officers
and soldiers of the Army, which was referred- to
the Committee on Military Affairs.
Messrs. Sawyer and Tibbatts gave notice of an
intention to introduce bills relative to the Public
Lands, and for improving the Ohio and Missis
sipi Rivers.
On l'ednesilay, in the Senate, Mr. Cameron
moved that the Millitary Committee be' instruct•
ed to inquire into the mopriety of granting 1.66 a
cres of land to volunteers serving in Mexico, and
increasink the allowance for transportation and
subsistance of volunteers from their homes to the
seat of war.
In the House, a Resolution was presented by
Garret Davis calling for copi . es of orders of Gov.
eminent to our Officers relative to the establish
ment of civil goverments in the conquered provin
ces of Mexico, upon which an animated and inter
esting debate arose relative to the Constitutional
powers of the Executive—Messrs. Mavis, Schenk,
Winthrop, and Vinton declaring the acts of the
Executive, if he sanctioned the proceedings, an
infringement upon the- Constitution. Messrs
Douglass. llaralson. 'them and Hohnes defended
the A dininktaation. The debate was still in pro
gress when the House adjourned.
The Message.
The extraordinary length of the President's
Mersage has induced us to give it to our readers
in a condensed fbrm--supposing that the mass of
our readers would prefer it in that form. The
more important patts are given in full. It occu
pies iii closely printed pamphlet pages, and would
occupy from 1.5 to 20 of our columns. About
three-fourths of it is devoted to the Mexican War,
and a defence of the policy of the Administration
in relation to its origin and progress. The Pres
ideal gives us an argument somewhat similar to
'what might be expected from a retained advocate
—ingenious in some respects, lame in others, and
all one-sided, Of course it will be pronounced by
the Locoloco mess as a masterly production; at
least such seems to be is opinion of all papers
etninating from those in authority. A vigorous
prosecution of the war is recommended, together
with adequate appropriations for fortifying and
retaining possession of the conquered territories!
A loan of $23,00u,i)00 is asked for, which, when
granted, will make the national debt $17,01.0,00d.,
Ile goes the whole figure for the "British Tarill;"
is delighted withee idea of its supplanting the
•'unjust and uneitt4" Tariff of 1842, and hopes
that no modification will be attempted. A Tax
un Tea and Coffee is indirectly recommended, to
raise reventte to carry on the %var. lie admits
having given to Eturtu Anna a pass into Mexico—
thinks it may have been a mistake, but hopes not.
The Sub -treasury won't work right, and some
itmendittents are recommended to - star it attest'.
Upon dhe whole, the message is about what was
expected from Mr. Polk, and, barring some few
paragraphs in which a squinting tos aids the de
magoguism of the Locoloco press manifests itself,
it might be passed over with the single remark—
that its leading positions are radically wrong, and
its reasoning "likewise."
ri:J7 Such of our subscribers as desire a full
copy of the message will be supplied on calling
at our Ake..
lErWe are under obbgations to Hon. As Olt E w
STEWART for an early copy of the President's.
message ; also to the Editors of the Plrladelphia
Inquirer for an Extra containing the .awe.
11 - 1 - The President's message was transmitted
from WashingtOn to Baltimore; by Government
Express, in one hour, beitig the shortest time ever
made between the two cities.
irr•Gov.Smi•rli, of Virginia, recommends the
expulsion of all flea colored pertons (ruin the Hai
*ling • imnal
Farmers, bow is It
During the last canvaris in this "State, the Ad
vocates of the British Tarifrof sought to se
duce the Agricultural portion of the community
into a support of their Anti-American views, by
promising them high and increared prices for all
their products as soon'as the new Tariffshould go
into operation. The disastrous influences of the
free-trade features of the new Bill on the Mecha
nical and Manufacturing interests of the country
were too apparent for plausible denial, while the
injury to the Farmer in the loss of his Home mar
ket was as fully apparent. All this, however,
lit was argued, would be more than compensated
by the immense advantages the Farmer was to se
core in the possession of a Foreign market for his
Flour, and Grain, and Produce of every kind. No
matter it the lordly Ironmaster and wealthy Man
ufacturer %vete stripped of a portion of their in
come by the operation of this new bill; no matter
though the hard-fisted Mechanic and brawny- I
fisted Laborer were docked a portion of their wt•a
ges or deprived of employment; no matter that
the petty husbandman of a few acres lost a mark•
et for his butter. his eggs, his poultry, and his
thousand other trifles. No matter for athhis; the
Farmer—the Farmer—the lord of the soil and on
ly thing human worthy being legislated for—was
to realize glorious things from this revolution in
the financial policy of the government, devised by
British nabobs and executed by a Locofoco Ad
ministration ; the grain in his barn and the stock
in his fielth Mere forthwith to be converted into
precious metals; golden mint-drops were to glit
ter in his purse, and, for aught we know, to dangle
on his trees ! Indeed, the dawn of this great po-
litical Millenium was already. recognized in the
accidental increase of price in the Flour market a
few weeks previous to the late election, and noth
ing but the arrival of the day on which the new
bill should go into operation, was wanting to ush•
er it in in all its glory. Well, the long looked for
period has come at last; the Ist of December is
here. and with it the introduction of this wonder
working Bill. But 10, the result ! lastead of
, the market p 'ices advancing. they have been gra
dually hut steadily receding as the day approach
ed; and now. under the operation of this glorious
Free.trade economy, the farmer receives just ONE
DOLLAR LESS per barrel for his flour than he
(lid, four months ago—One dollar leSs than he did
this time last year, when the "oppressive and un
just" Tariff of IS•l was in full operation. and all
thoughts of its repeal confined to the dreams of
visionary politicians! How is this ? the
'Locofoco Editors and orators, whose profound tilP;
sertations in Political Economy, during the last
campaign, shied so much light upon the causes of
the temporary rise in market prices at that time,
enlighten us in the matter ?
Another of tho Fruits.
We regret *.o observe in our exchanges an an
nouncement of the failure of the "Mount Savage
Iron Company," at Cumberland, Md., one of the
largest Establishments in the country, and em
ploying an immense number of hands. It w ill be
recollected that the continued prosperity of this
establishment was cited, by the LocolOco rape's
but a few weeks since as incontestable evidence
of the "beneficial" influences of the new P.i.ti,ll
Tariff. Unfortunately for the argument of our
opponents and the good of those eoncerne,l, ruin
has come too soon, even though the storm have
been weathered a few months longer titan by
similar establiAments.
Sixtilncant.
The Locofoco editors complain bitturly of firr
gymen and the religious press bearing testimony a
gainst the sinfulness of unnecessary war, and
drhre
cating the wretchedness, misery, and crime, always
its concomitants. It is not the first time that min
isters of the Gospel of Peace have been denounced
for their rebukes of the follies and misdeeds of men,
and it is a significant item in the history of this
Mexican War business, that the religious portion
of the community should be found arraying itself
against the policy whiCh induced it. The slavish
panderers to power, however, under the adminis
tration of the Roman Governors, were also no lit
tle annoyed by the doctrines too boldly preached
by the immediate disciples of the Prince of Peace ;
a 4 one Amiss, it may be remembered, in further
ance of his master's cause. propoved silencing those
fearless expounders of Christian' truth. The me
morable reply of the great Apostle may well com
mend itself to the study of these Locofoco leaders,
who, subscribing to the doctrine that "The King
can do no wrong," make the President the country,
and, in slavish obedience to the articles of their po
litical creed, characterise as enemies of that coun
try, all who dare riiiestion time infalibility of their
riders, and bitterly denounce all ministers who
presume to "reason of righteousnous, temperance
and judgment" to those clad in royal robes !
c0"-The Locofoco Press continues, quite uneasy
at the prospect of having either Mr. CoopEn or Mr.
Tarim to battle against in the next campaign, and
speculates with no little anxiety on the possibility
or probability of dissensions in our rank». Con
.scioug of the disaffection and corruption that are
breaking up their own organiiation (Ind threaten-
ing disastrous defeat in a fair contest with ill!
friends of American Industry, no wonder that they
are so restive and uneasy, and grasp with so much
eagerness at the fitintest symptom of division in the
Whig ranks. Unfortunately, however, for our op
ponents, in this matter, the wish is entirely "father
to the thought," as wcrean assure them that in no
event will they be troubled with more than one
Whig candidate ; though it is very probable that'
they may find some difficulty in taking care of that
oar. Can they promise as much with reference to
the T.ocofoco nomination ?
We notice that our neighor of the Compiler is
inclined to have his "hand in" also, and very disin
terestedly suggests that the Whigs nominate tiro
candidates. Fearing, however, that his proposition
may not meet with sufficient favor to ensure its
adoption by the Whig Convention, it is thought
proper to console• his readprs with the assurance
th,i4 the "Democratic party can beat any number
from 1 to 100 and upwards," and anneunces.that
he is quite "sure of that" Wo believe our neigh
boil was equally "sure" of the triumphant election
'of Jolts 13..irsittsr over Dr. NESS, and it Oita
posSible that he will'havo ptovcd himself as skillful
a prophet in the one 'ea.*. as In' has the othCr.
'Latest. from .the Army.
Mondani, Chihuahua 4—SaNilo taken.
ID - By the arrival of the Steamship M"Kim at
N. Orleans on the 28th ult. interesting items of
intelligence were received from the Army. through
Capt. Davis, bearer of despatches from . Gen. Wool's
command, who passed through Monterey on his
way the U. States.
• On the 26th October, Gen. Wool's column, al.
most 2600 strong, being within four days march
of Motnlova, was waited upon by the Mexican
Governor, Lopez, with an escort, who solemnly
protested against the forces of the United States
entering the town of Monclova, and contended that
the course of General' Wool was in violation of the
armistice agreed upon at Monterey. Gen. Wool
was not moved by the protest or by the naming
of the armistice, but assured the Governor that he
would enter the city and take possession of it.—
This he did on the 30th October. The Governor
then told Gen. Wool that he had protested against
his movements to satisfy. his Government; but his
army would be treated as friends, and the best
houses in the city were °Pled to Gen. Wool for
his quarters. When Capt. Davis left, the army
was in quiet possession of the place, and the,best
beef. mutton, wheat, corn, &c., were furnished
them by the Mexicans at very reasonable prices.
Gen. Wool had heard tinofficial:y of the capture
of Chihuahua by Colonel Kearney, and the Gener
al had consequently determined to remain in Mon
clova until further advices were received.
The troops of Gen. Wool's column are in excel.
lent health. At Monterey there was some sick'
ness.
The loss of our troops by sickness on the Rio
Grande since the opening Of-the campaign, is esti
mated at fifteen hundred. It is believed that more
of our brave men have (lied from disease than
were killed of the enemy in the three battles.
Ampudia is reported to be confined in prison at-
Nadgara, because of his capitulation at Monterey.
On the 15th inst., Gen. Taylor and his stall;
with Gen. Worth in command of a brigade, left
.Monterey on a tour of reconnoissance of the coun
try. They at the same time took the garrison
of Saltillo, and were about to returmto camp.
The reports from the Mexican camp are that
Santa Anna is collecting the whole force of the na
tion, or so much of it as will rally under his ban
t San Louis Potosi, which place he is in.
trenching and fortifying with all possible diligence
and precaution. It is estimated that there are al
ready 10,0:)0 men there, and that. he means to in
crease this force to 30,000. and with them to a
wait an attack farm Gen. Taylor, and make a
dcsrerate—a final (Rai to defeat our forces.
It is now believed, that henceforth the base of
the operations of our army is to be—not from
Monterey—not lioni Camargo—not from Mata
moms or Linares—but from the highest navigable.
point of the river above Tampico, and these our
men and nonillions are lien,c44 . o4th to-converge .
We should have stated that a report reached
Monclova, before Capt, Davis had reached there.
that Chihuahua had been taken by a detachment
of troops from Gee. Kearneyts
LATE.—Advices from Mexico to the 23d ult.
represent the Capital to be in a state of insubordina
tion S. confusion. Santa Anna was still at San Luis
cwwentrating the entire military force of the Repub.
lie. The Governor of San Luis had issued a Pro
clamation declaring his determination to see that no.
ohAaeles were thrown in the way of Santa Anna's
movements by persons at the Capital.
Pennsylvania l'olunteers.
nu , Adjutant General of the State has officially
announced the acceptance of the following comps.
Washington Lt. Infantry,—Capt. P. W. Binder. • T
City Guards, " J. lull.
Philadelphia Lt. Guards, " John Bennet, I
Alonree Guards, " Wm. P. Small.
Cadtva!atter Grays, " 11. K. Fcott.
Jefferson Guards. " F. G. Morehead.
Washington Artillery, " James Nagle.
M'yoming Artillery, " E. L. Dana.
Duquesne Grays. • " John Herron. '
Jackson Independent Blues, " Alex. Hay.
The first six companies, we believe, are from
Philadelphia ; the Washington Artillery, from
Schuylkill county ; the Wyoming Artillery, from
Wyoming county ; and the latter two from Pitts-
burg. Four companies left, Philadelphia on Mon
day for Pittsburg, the place of rendezvous ; the
four others on Wednesday—a free passage over the
different lines of Improvements having been tender
ed them by the Canal Commissioners and the Rail
road companies. On reaching Pittsburg, the vol
unteers will elect their regimental officers, and im
mediately proceed to the scat of War, to serve du
ring the continuance of hostilities. The several
companies left Philadelphia amid the cheers of an
imense crowd, who had assembled at the deppt.—
The ,parting is described by the city papers as a
highly interesting and exciting scene. Large con
tributions were made by the friends of the volun
unteers for procuring the many little comforts" and
luxuries not usually the accompaniements of a sol
die`'s life. The citizens of Pottsville ; we notice,
contributed between $2,000 and 3,000. •
(0-The.efforts of our York neighbors to get up a
Company for-the War having failed, nine young
men of that place determined to go at any rate, and
hare been incorporated with the Monroe Guards,
Capt. Small.
EU - The Philadelphia Ledger of Monday con
tains an advertisement by the War Depaatment,
calling for "One hundred active, brave young men
to serve with Rocket and Mountain Howitzer Bat
teries, now preparing by the Ordnance Depart
ment for immediate departure. In pay, provision
and clothing this corps will be superior to any yet
raised, and, from the kind of arms, will be con
stantly in advance, whele the hardest fighting .
may be expected. The highest character for
courage and physical ability will be required for
admission." This kind of force will be new in
our service, and will prove an invaluable aid to
the invading army, in forcing passes or storming
fortifications.
o.E);tonsivo preparations for a grand Funeral
. pracession aro making by the military and civic as
sociations of ltimane, upon 2ho occasion of the
arrival in that • f tho remain of Ringgold,
Watson, and Ridgely. tlitary companies from
the adjoining States aro invited to attend. - It is
thought that the corpsis will Teach Baltimore by
th. 15th "nr 16th inst, • , •
• . . ,
Arri Val of the Caledonia.
The steamship Caledonia arrived at Boston on
Saturday, with 15 dayi later advices from Europe.
The arrival bring&but little iritelligence of 'general
interest. The papers speak of the improvement
in manufacturing interests, mimed by orders for
goods from U. States, to have been filled after the
new Tariff went into operation. The grain mar
kets, both in England, and on the continent, are
down. The misunderstanding between England
and France relative to the Montpensier marriage
continues to aiTord a vent for angry parfiotism on
both sides of the Straits of Dover. Several bat
tics had taken place in Portugal between the
Queen's troops and the insurgents, in which the
latter were defeated. The English Press contin
ues to devote much attention to the condition of
Ireland, whien seems not to have improved.
(ion Cotton.
The Ordnance Department at ISTshington City .
after a series of experiments in the use of this new
explosive material, has reported that without a
modification of material, or a great change in the
preparation of fire-arms, the use of Gun Cotton for
military purposes is not to be recommended.—
The English Government has arrounced the same
conclusion. The objection lies in its exploding at
so low a temperature as to render its We danger
ous after a gun has become heafed by successive
charges; the same cause rendering its manuthe
tore more hazardous than that of Gunpowder; as
also more liable to spontaneous combustion when
stored in large quantities in magazines. It s
explosion also generates a considerable quanti
ty of steam. so much so as to render the iniide of
the gun quite wet. Although not likely to su
persede the use of Gunpowder at present, the new
material will be found of great inutility in mining j
and other similar aces.
No more Slaic Territory.
We are plowed to see the Northern Press taking
I decided ground in reference to the projects enter•
tained• by the South for annexing a portion of
Mexico to the Union as Slave Territory. It is the
duty, Fars the Rochester American, of Northern
men and Northern presses at this time to unde
ceive our Southern brethren in this point. No
Slave State carved out of Mexico can ever I
admitted. Human bondage must re•ter cast its
its blighting shadow upon another foot of the H .
Mon. The Northern members of Congress, of
whatever party, who shall not oppose to the 'ld.
most its further extension, will be justly and in
evitably doomed to universal reprobation. Such ,
is the immovable determination of Northern free
men.
U'rhe \Vest-Chester Examiner closes a
lengthy article in favor of Mr. Coop En's nomina
tiop_with the following paragraph:
Such a man we need at the helm of the
ship of the State—one of a strong heart,
a skilful hand and a powerful intellect, can
alone extricate her from the region of per
il into which a •weak government and im
prudent legislation has suffered her to be
borne. That Mr . . Cooperis competent, no
one that has viewed his political career
will deny—that he is popular wherever
known, let his first election to Congress,
under the most adverse circumstances, and
his late election to the Legislature by a
majority in every township in his own
county, attest. Let him be nominated—
let him but canvass the State—let the peo
ple hear his eloquent voice, and feel the
hearty grasp of his hand, and such an en
thusiasm would be created in his favor, as
would secure him a triumphant majority
Irr‘ve have been favored with a copy of Dr.
Gu.at•:nT's "Introductory Lecture to the Course
on the Principles and Practice of Surgery in the
Medical Department of Pennsylvania College, for
the session of 1o•IU-47." The Address is inter
esting, and, we need scarcely say, characterized by
ability. After glancing at the plan of the lectures
contemplated during the course, the Lecturer di
rects the attention of his auditors to a series of
well matured reflections on the lluman Consti:n
tion—its nature—the laws to which it is subject
and the influence; by which it is aflbcted—the re
quisites to a proper development and preservation
of its vigor—and the principle causes which im
pair its powers. Such a theme, properly treat
ed, could not well fail to interest; that Dr. CIL•
nmyr has so treated it, needs no assurance.
1 . 17 - The Ilollidaysbur,g Register sog,gesti t the
the name of our former townsmae, JACOB L.
SLKNTZ, Esq. as a candidate for Transcribing
Clcrk to the House of Representatives. Mr. S.
fur several ye ars
. conducted the Bedford Inquirer,
and is an unfiinching•Whig. We most cheerful
ly endorse the favorable notice of the Register as
to his talent and capacity, and should be pleased
to hear of his appointment
IL It is said that Corn STEWART does not go
to the Gulf after all. The President declined 'assn.
ming the responsibility of ordering an attack On
Vera Cruz, and the old Commodore is unwilling
to undertake the job unless President orders
him. •
kcJ'' , The FLOUR MARKET is dull
and depressed. Oilers of Howard street
brands freely made at $4 50 a $4 75. but
little doing. Good to prime red Wheat
command 84 a 90; Corn; white, 48, and
yellow 50•; Oats 32 ; Rye 60; Beef Cat
s 3 75 - a $5 75.
MARRIED,
On the Bth inst. by Rev. B. Keller. Mr. IcA AC (-
L):11. to Miss Isamu HeeKEntourn, both ofMary
land.
On the 10th inst. by same, Mr JAMES TI10)IAS
to Miss MART Ass FRET, both of Latimore tp
On 3d inst. by Rev. J. Albert, Mr. HE ri iy BEAR
of Union township, to Mjss Tsitorria SPITLER, of
11Iountpleasant township.
On the Ist inst. by Rev. S. Sentman, Mr. HF.Nitx
BENNER ID Miss SLISA2f:g A E. CLUTZ, both_ of this
county.
At Springfield, Ohio, by Rev. Dr. Keller, the Rev.
Wm. H. RAH iiisorr, of Cincinnati, (late of Gettys
burg.) to Miss SAnAli WINW 00D, 'of Sprineold. _
On 3d inst., by Rev E. V. Gerhart, Mr. NATHAN
-IEL LIOUTNER, to MUM CATUAIIINE, daughter of
Mr. George Musser—both of Cumberland tow -
ship. _
Af York o list, by the RCN: Mr. Emer
son, D. . l'.iTTEnvorr, Esq. of Lancaster, to Miss
MA ni R.', daughter of Henry y.''elaYniaker Esq.
• By the. Rev. Mr.Hoffiriop.the ;
r. - rr• of Huntingdon counlY,
datlghtrr Attie Chritzman o of this plaee..
On the 4th inst. in Menailen tan nship, Mr. Jon te
Gam's, a soldier of the Resolution, in the 93d year
of his age. .
Fig - THE "U, S. SENATE" .
Will meet irt the Court House, (Jury
room) - TO-MOl 11201 V EVENING, at
o'clock. Citizens are invited to attend.
, Dec. 11, 1846.
FARMERS, 1,06 k TfERE
p Y order of the Orphans' Court of Ad
tuns county, the subscriber, Admin
istrator, with the will annexed, of The Es
tate of THOMAS McKEE, deceased, will ex
pose to Public Sale, on
Saturday the Oth of January,
at 10 o'clock, A. M. o❑ the premises, tjic
VALUABLE FARM
of said deceased, situate in Liberty town
ship, Adams county, Pa., about 4 idles
from Em itsburg, and adjoining lands of
Abraham Krise, Henry Pechcr, and others.
containing
400 aCRES,
more or less, on which are erected the fol—
lowing valuable improvements :
'A' TWO-Rory •
Iwo:. •
j Stone Dwelling House,
with a one and one-half story
Log Building attached, a double Log Barn,
Stone Sheds, Wagon Shed, and Corn
house. There is a good Orchard on the
premises—also a Spring of first-rate water
convenient to the door. Upwards of 200
ACRES of this Farm arc covered with
Oak, Poplar, Chestnut, Locust, and other
e first-rate
l*?
U 4 2-4W 7 3221c)
The balance is cleared and un
der good cultivation, with a sufficiency of
good Meadow—all well watered. The
Farm will be sold entire En —divided, as
may suit purchasers. Any person desi
ring to view the property, can do so by
calling on the undersigned, or Thomas F.
M'Kee, residing on the premises.
Tmois.—One-third to be paid in band
on the Ist day of Aripl, 1847, and the .res
idue in three equal annual payments,.with- -
out interest.
JAMES MOORE, Ada r
Dec. 11, 1810.
7'o 7'Ea9e E S.
PPLICATIONS will be received by
tia the School Directors of the Borough
of Gettysburg, until Thursday the 318 t of
December inst. for the situation Of TEACH
ER OF THE MALE HIGH SCHOOL Of the
Borough, which will then become vacant
by the resignation of Mr. Haupt, the pre
-sent teacher. The salary is $25 per month..
Persons applying for this situation will
have to produce vouchers of their qualifi
cations, character, &c.
Applicants will direct their communion.
tions to the Secretary of the Board.
—7 l H. J. SCHREINER Sic' y.
December 11, 1846. td
School 1:x14 in in al ion.
N Examination of the Female High
"-a School (in charge of Miss M'Curdy)
and the Male High School, (in charge of
Mr.. Lewis Haupt) will take place on
Wednesday and Thursday the 23d and
24th of December inst., at their respective
Schools. Parents and others are respect
fully and urgently requested to attend these
examinations in order to give encourage
ment both to teachers and pupils.
By order of the Board,
11. J. SCHREINER, &e . g.
14:7; An Examination of the other
Schbols of the Borough will take place
between this and April next.
Dec. 11, 184th td -
1, IST XOTICE.
THOSE indebted to the estate of DA
VID SJIIIIVER, dec'd will call upon
the subscriber and pay without delay. Af
ter the 181 day of Januarynexl, all claims
will be left with proper officers for Collec
tion. CI E. O. WILL,'Eer.
3t
Dec. 11, 1845
V ESTI NGS.
beautiful lot of Fancy, Silk Velvet,
tik and Satin VESTINGS; 'also, gen
tlemen's CRAVATS, SUSPENDERS ;
Mohair, Ringgold, Palo Alto„ Silk and
Common Glazed, Velvet, and Seal-skin
CAPS—for sale at
M'SHERRY'S STORE.
Nov. G.
I),
TWO Journeymen Cabinet Makers,
by the subscriber. Immediate ap
plication will secure regular employment
and good wages during the winter.
D. HEAG Y.
Gettysburg, Dec. 4, 1846.
GUM SHOES.
IV M. RUTHRAUFF bas opened
T v good assoitment of GUM SHOES.
Nov. 13. .
C.11"8 CeIJPS
M. RUTIIILtUFFhatit received `a
handsome assortment: of
consisting of Cloth, (men and hoys) Vel
vet do. Silk oil do. He also has Fur Caps
i uch cheaper than usual, and good Oil
Cloth Caps as low as 25 and 37 1-2.
Nov. 13.
Calicoes ! Calicoes
T R. W. M'SITERRY'S Store for 3
cts a -yard ; good Mader colors a fip;
Worth 8 cts. beautiful styles, 9 to 12
Nov. 6.
WM. BUTIMAUFF
WVILL sell FLANNELS, all W- 0 1
-and a variety or oolore, for 26 a nd
31 1-4 cents. Superior Flannels foot
1-2 and 50 cents. 'Linseys• and PliiiEff
handsome and cheap, arylSysi,.Atlrtra,
seyilqr 12'1-2. "" '
NOV. 6.
DIED,