mok c.l 1 11 FION. CONSTITUTION COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, Al AMF.IIDED BY TIIE CONVENTION OF ONE THOUSAND EIGHT nuriDnrn AND ritinTr-sEvr..s- Vl, The People of the Commwvealrl , of Penn sylvania, ordain and establish this CoNstitutien for its Government. ARTICLE I Section T. The legislative power of this C-rom.,n -wealth shill be vested in a General As.ettildy, which shill consist of a Senate at.tl House of Rep; e- Lentatives. Section If. The representatives chat' he el l oaer t annually by the citizens of the city of Philadelphia and of cach county respectively on the aecond Tues day of October. Section 111. No person shall he a repreaettt •tive who shall not have attained the rage of t wenty-ane years, and have been a citizen ..I nib ‘!:u rut d - the State three years nest prect.ling hi:: teetbal, .11111 the last year thereof no lnh.tbit ant of :ht. Ii•;i ire itt .1 ad for which he shall be chosen a repregeli rive. woe,: he shall have been absent on the putdie busioe ~f the United States or of this si,te. Section IV. Within three years after the fiat meeting of the General Assembly, and eye: v subsequent term of seven years, :in enumeration the taxable inhabitants shall he made in such man ner as shall be directed by law. The numbor ::1 representatives shall, at the several peei:ols of :wilt ing such enumeration, be fixed by the I..tisl ,01,e, and apportioned among the city of phi] ( the several counties, according to the numt of taxable inhabitants in each: and shall never be coo than sixty nor greater than one limb ed. E:el: county shall have at least flue representative, but no county hereafter erected shall hr entitled t a sepa rate representation until a sufficient rutVlor of t x able inhabitants shall be contained within it, to entitle them to one repiesentatiye igrceatily to the ratio which shall then be est.:Mkt:ed. Section V. The senators shill be chosen years by the citizens of Phil olulphia of th , several counties at the solno tiine,in the and at the same places where they shall vote for representatives. Section VI. The number of Senators shill,at the several period' of nr,k1,.4 the et) , :mention bef,we mentioned, be fixed by the Leg,i , lature and app.r boned among the diitriets firmed :lc herein ift,r directed, according to the number of tlx,t inhabi tants in each; and sh di never be 1e. , 4 th tn tine fourth, nor greater than one-third, of tXtitioiL.Vl representatives. Section VII. The senators sh 111 be (-helve in tli , - tricts, to he formed by the letzist trtne ; Ml O rte di s ._ trict Aral be so formed as to enlll , 1." o 4,1 ot ~e than two son:110;s, unles.: the marsh-r l t - 4W" tn habitants in any ci rt or rwn': , :ti. Oe such as to entitle it to clert th,n two. tot no tity or county shall re eat tl-a to 4,1 Mere than tour senators; ben a di , !rn-. be c of two or more r mnties. they %I:. li be :djoitin neither the cite o f I thit. ; ,t I phi i nor oar c urly be divided in [mining a district. Section VIII. Na net qon 3hall be a servo ur, tote, shall not hare attained the age and have been a citizen met iithal.it.tnt of the SI. ,te four years nest heft, e his election, and the I tit year thereof an inhabitant of the ‘listrict for which he shall be chosen, unless ha - shall have been sent on the public business of the-United States or of this State; and no person elected as aforetoid, shall 'mid said office oiler he shall have removed from such dis trict. Section IX. The senators who map he elected at the first general election after the adoption of the amendments to the cnn.stif ',lion, shall be divided Ay lot into three cksses. The .scars of the senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expiration of the first year; of the second class at th" expiration of the second year ; and of the third class at the ez piration of the third year ; so that thereafter one third of the whole number of senators may be chosen every year. The senators elerted before the amend ments to the conslitution shall be adopted, shall NH their offices during the lel Ins for which they shall respectively have been elected. Section X. The General Assembly shall meet on the first Tuesday of January, in every year, unlu sooner convened by the Governor. Section Xl. Each house shall choose its speaker and other officers; and the Senate slid' also choose a Speaker pro tempore, when the Speaker shall ex ercise the office of Gover nor. Section XII. Each house shall judge of the quali fications of its members. Contested elections shall be determined by a committee to be selected, fumed and regulated in such manner as shall be directed by law. A majority of each house shall constitute a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized by law to compel the attendance of absent members, in such manner and under such penalties as may be provided. Section XIII. Each house may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its members fur disorderly behaviour, and with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a member, but not a second time fur the same cause; and shall have all other powers necessary for a branch of the legislature of a free State. Section XIV. The legislature shall not hare power to enact laws annulling the contract of inirrhge in any case where, by law, the courts of this Common wealth are or may hereafter be empowered to decree a divorce. Section XV. Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and publish them weekly, except such parts as may require secrecy: and the yeas and nays of the members on any question shall, at the desire of any two of them, be catered on the journals. Section XVI. The doors of each house and of committees of the wh o le shall be open, unless 'when the business shall be such as ought to be kept aerrat Section XVII. Neither house shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn fur more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the two houses shall be sitting. Section XVIII. The Senators and representatives shall receive a compensation for their services to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the treasury of the Commonwealth. They shall in all cases, ex cept treason, felony and breach or surety of the peace, be privileged from :west during their at tendance at the session of their respective houses, and in going to and r eturning from the same. And for any speech or debate in either house, they shall not be questioned in any other place. Section XIX. No Senator or representative shall, during the time fur which he shall have been elect ed. be appointed to any civil office under this Com monwealth which shall have been created, or the emoluments of which shall have been increased during such time : and no member of Congress or other person holding any office (except of attorney id law and in the militia) under the United states er this Commonwealth, shall be a member of either house during his continuance in Congress or in office. Section XX. When vacancies happen in either house, the Speaker shall issue writs of election to 611 such vaelticies. Section XXI. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the house of representatives, bur the Senate may propose amendments as in other bills. Section XXII. No money shall be drawn from the treasury but iu consequence of appropriations made by law. Section XXIII. Every bill which shall have passed both houses shall be presented to the Go vernor. If be approve he shall sign it, but if he shall not approve he shall return it with his objec tions to the house in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the objections at large upon their journals and proceed to .I.e-consider it. lf, after such re-consideration, two-thipis of that have shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent with the ob jections to the other house, by which likewise it shall be re-considered, and if approved by two thirds of that house, it shall he a law. But in such cases the votes of both houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of persons voting (or or against the bill shall be entered on the jour nals of each house respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the Governor within ten days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been pre sented to him, it shall be a law in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the General Assembly, by their adjournment, prevent its return, in which case It shall be a law, unless sent back within three days after their next meeting. -• Erection XX IV. Every under, resolution or vote to .which, the concurrence of both houses may be necessary (except on a Question of adjournment) shall be presented to the Governor, and• before it 041 take etlisct, Le approved by trim, or bring di:- approved, shall be it-passed by two-thirds of both houses - secaudirig to the rules and limiutims pre otribed in case of a bill.' Section N XV . Ni corpordte 2•..10 5.1,111 ho herecfter inedni, rester"! or estendr.l,u . it.'; tla :tiring or dis- Steitiszir pstritreve4 arifhord mntlAs previous THE NEW CONSTITUTION. ptnlir notice of the intenee.l apyltrateon for the sl aw in such manaer as shall be prearri?ed by tare Nor shall any charter for the purposes oforciaid, he granted fa,. a lon , rer period than brew!' ye.trs, and ecrry surh eharter shall contain a clau.n , resiwvinh to the legislature the power to alter. revoke or annul the same whenever in their Opinion it may he inju rious to the cili:ens of the commonwealth, in such manner ho•reter that no irsjusliee shall he dont. /0 the corporators. No law here,lf,er enacted, .shall rrrat reacts or extend the charter tf more than one corpo ration. ARTIrT.F. IT Section T. The Suitimoe Executive power of thi, Commonwealth Khali he Veiled in a Covet nor. Section It. lire Governor shall be ~t 1 the second Tuesday of Octo' , er. by the rititeto; the Commonwealth, at the places whew they , h iii te itpectiecly vote for repteienriti re:. The tetilittS of every election for t; iveinor shat he qt. deil and transmitted to the wit of g ivernment, iltrerted t. the Si o-ker of the Semite, rein shell el- ri mei potiliti them in the prewnce of the member: ~f both teity,-, of the Troia 'tore. The 111 , 11'.1 the hi;:he+t I.Utither ul Votes >intll Ire I. Hitt if l , v” or mote 1,111,11 I,e etpl,l ollle of help !II he ely.rn Gnvern..l by Ihe vole of the nieni' , eri of brvih 11.111,1. he determined by a l'mmiii:tee to n•• c. lerir l fimn Loth It Alie 4 Of the I. :;1. , 1 I , u, an ill such mrnner di .11 be direet,..l In 111. The Gorertr.r shall hold hi; during three ye 4ri from the Hind 'l'm,' 0. 111 .Itn r are next ensuing lii. deetil/11, :111 , 1 ch It 1... c.iimble of twilling it longer than sir in all) tett]] of nine years. Seetinii IV. Ile sh9ll e at leant thirty ~f age, and have been a citizen and an .at of this Stale seven yens next hel.re unless lie rh.itl tint. 1 , 1'141 ‘.ll Oki 'ild!, bu3ine.:s of the United State, Ilr I thj, Section V. No member pel.ron holiiing :Any office tinder Si Slate shall excreke the ',trice of G Section VI. The Goviirtior qh 111 -it receive for him qiirvices a coniiin:ition, which he nrither itiCA'el4ol 1101" di111.1101,1 period foi which lie shall ha re Leeu eleei-il. Section VII. Ire sh.lll be CMIIII.II the :limy and navy or this Ct,tittn •nwe.Hl. I the militia. except when they sh ti I lee c dle.l inL the :.eita 11 se: rice of the Unite , : Stites. Section VIII. Ile Ah , lll apraint the Common , real h during. plea , ?lami nate and by and with the advert' 4 ,, d rip! rel! of in, Senate appall!, all ' , 11i..., record, unirst crh , r , ry, prori,b , ffw- in th a t fulian. lie shag bane pa rer 1. , Jill ,111 r in sad! •.; 'o_ I'' rest al the S•mtle, by 1, , ' , VI , f•hr,•!, shall ec pier re the end ta . M , ir 11,1 .I , svi , ri: Fide], nel 'l4 (1 , 1 it, 71 ,11 1 / 1 .1 Sen 7t• mh,ll PP! cn or I,:irri big r •,I',l rr,!e '4 '4f I` •`•. , !1. rethm IX. lie ;v, 14.111 i, ,;( f 14.•1 except in imN,lrlim.,lll. iui X. 11, m a y ',pi". front the offiress in the execiiiive de pu In V !t upon an) snljort relating to the duties of their respec- twe offices Section NI. ite shall, from time to time, give to the Gem min.oimi of the state of the ('mmitoon m,llli, and recondnmol to their roti sidetlii Pe such 1114• t. ii es as 01..11 jll Igf• Sie N 11. Ile red), di seta.oditmiy convene the General Assetohls . ; in case of dis..;neetnent !.ezu e ; Ti the itn re t;;; e t to the time adj . rmmetit, adj tutu them to such time as he sh;.II think proper, not exceeding four Section NM. Ile shall take care that the laws be faithfully xecut,l. SertUri \ll. In ca e of Ihe death or re , i2mation of thy or of Ilk ren.l"/I fronll , thre, SpeAker of tin Scotts ; CXVreke (Arc iirfire GOW./ nor, twill mother Governer sh4ll he lute qualined ; In sod, ratan ario'her Gorernor ,ch:111 be rii , IST:I ill the nest annual of repretenta tivex, unfrii such death, rexig-wiliun or r etnordl, • shall occur within three calendar to avhs immedi ately precedinfr, surd, next annual el, hair, ir, wllich rase a Governor shall be rhrwera ut the second ce(ding annual election of represento.'ires. And if tire 1,1.,1 of a 0 , ,,t,t0-1 ,h Jl c.•litinit,• outer than until V. , third Molten!: , !t" !t lei xi ch.iiihi; the ;diction of tio%ertior, the Goyrrnn of tin' last year or tho Speaker of the Sun rte who may he ill the •••e xi • shall continue therein. until the determination of such contested clecti.m, and until a duty ! n - einid. Secti.m XV. T/s Secretary of th , •,• •!!' 411111 keep a fair 1,4i...ter of all the otnct..l act, and et . the Governor, and shell, then re quited, lac the s,me rind all papers, rniunt..4 vouchers jelatise the,etn, Lef,,te either br mch of the lezislature, and 'hall pet form such other duties as shall be enjoined lion 1,) Arairl.l , , ITT Serti:ol T. Tn rfr-f soql by the eilizens pr , ry whit freeman a( the a.ve rf 1,1'1 , 11y-one ;•ears, h.:ring re sided in 'his ..fate One V"lir, a nd in the elee'loa rUr birl where rj'.rs to tu' r • ten day.: ,1, preceding aus and wi'loin two paid a Stdie ne sh•:11 bore li•eu seeded at leas' ten d r lefore the 'h. ' • • the risddi 4f an .1.0 toe. 11.1 l a rill :en Slates who 1,01 pr , rioush, be , n rt qual?ird rote,' ,f this Sin'e ienwr , d ih,,,j71,111 and 11110 5111711 !MIT e.sid-,1 en iii" , lee!, sni paid tares 173 eti - ,,r..5 , 0'd .41 'ii ea'id/Pd to uot , ,,f' , ) - residinz in the s'a r l'it,r idea, th.e.' freemen, riti.ras if the L',,ited ern the , [CCs of Pre , ?l'y-i,e , 17 , 1 d yearl. 'l , ld hir ing, resided in the .5141 e. q , •ir, 41d in the • ion di. , riet ten does eta c.aid, shall be entill,d to rote, althuneh tie a ...hall nut hair Secti,ll 11. Si: h e by I','! ex cippt tho4e by 1,1.. Licit who sic SAI. Cl) I SUCtI.II 111. Eilet lIS chili it all cases, •o:1 , 41. feit , p V. c , l. .• be privilegtkl from iitiest, their attehiliece un elections, and in g)ing EU and let urn kg from them. AR'FICLF. IV Section T. The House of Representatives shall have the sole power of impeaching. Section IL All impeachments shall he tried by the Senate; when sitting for that purpose, the Senators shall be upon oath or affirmation. No per son shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members present. Section 111. The Gaveinor, and all other civil officers under this Cliffirf)(llll% ealth, shall be liable to impeachment for any misdemeanour in uQice ; but judgment, in such cases, sball not extend further than to removal from office, :ind disqualification to hold any office of honour, [lust or profit, tinder this Commonwealth: The p whether convicted or acquitted, shall nevmthele,s t,e liable to indictment, Ilia!, judgment, and punis h ment according to law. ARTICLE: V Section I. The judici .1 power of this Common wealth shall be vested in a Supreme Court, in Courts of Oyer and 'l'e,tniner and General Jail De livery, in a Court of Common Pleas, Orphans' Court, Register's Court, and a Court of Quarter Sessions of the Peace, for each county ; in Justices of the Peace, and in such other Courts as the legisla tine may from time to time establish. Section 11. The judges of the Supreme Court, of the several Courts of Common Pleas, and of such oilier Courts of Record as are or shall be established by law, shall be nominated by the Go'vernor, and by and with the consent of the Sewee appoin'ed and commissioned by him. The judges of the Supreme Court shall hold their olives for the term of fifteen years if they shall so long behave themselves u ell. The president judges of the several Courts of Common Pleas and of such ether Courts of Record as are or shall be es:at fished by law, and all other jadges re quired to be learned in the law, shall hold their offices for the term of ten years if they shrill so long behave themselves well. The Assoeiate judges of the cou r ts f Common Pleas shill! /0,1 their r?„,qicesfor the to , or •f fire years if they stall so long behave Ihemselre., Bat fsr reavonable cause which sloth he sufficient ground of imp nehmen!, the Gorr rnor may remove any re thorn on the address of Oro-third., q f each branch of the I. , gbrhiture. The judges if the Supreme Court and the presidents of the astern! Courts of Common Ple:rs shall al stated times receive Jar their sero:ces nn ad.-quitte compensation to be fixed by law, which than not be dinii»ished during their continuance in offir e, but they shall receive 710 fees or perquisites rf office, nor hold any other office of pron . : tinder this rommonwealth. Section 111. Utai/ otherwise directed by law, the 170-arts of Common Hear shall continue as at present est:blisfred. Not in ae than fire counties shall at tiny time I,• included in oar judicial district organized for said Courts. • s,.„ti oi , IV. The . 111,i:diction of the Sudrerne • eurt shat extend Olief the State; and the Judges het cur, shall by %irtue of their "likes be jir.ticer. (ty, r '31,1 T1 . 111111..1 :aid Genera. Jail Iteli‘tly, In the sereial ceutitiea, rHE NEW CONSTITUTION. Section V. The judges of the Court of Common Pleas, it each county, shall by virtue of their offices, be justices of Dyer and Ter miner and Gene ral Jail Delivery, for the trial of capital and other offenders therein ; any two of the said judges, the president being one, shall be a quorum : but they shall not hold a court of oyer and terminer, or jail delivery - , in any county, when the judges of the Supreme Court, or any of them, shall be sitting in the same county. The party accused, as well as the Commonwedth, may, under such regulations as shall be pre , cribed by law, remove the indictment and proceedings, or A transcript thereof, into the Supreme Court. Section VI. The Supremo Court, and the several courts or common pleas, shall, be,ide the powers heretofore %J.:trolly ear.; eked by them, have the p•iwer o f a ow, Chancery., so fir as relates to the perpetuating, of te-ditnony, the obtaining of evidence from phone not within the State, rind the core 01 the persons and estates of those who are non compote.; .nentis. And the legislature shall vest in the sail courts such other powers to grant relief in equity, :IS shall be found necessary: and may, from time to time, (+Maw or diminish those po.Vet , Or vest thorn in such other courts as they shall judge proper, fir the due administration of justice. section VII. The .1 the court of common plr.ia of each county, any two of when shall be a quorum, shall c mi 1..., the court of Quarter Ses- Sloes 0: the peace, court thereof; and the'register of wills, together with the said judges, wu of them, shall compose the registei's emit each county. S , •ction VIII. The judges of the e.mrts of common sill'', within their respective counties, have .he like p,P.veis with the judges of the Supreme , er i, to jqsiir iv its of certiorari to the justices of illy ',wire, and to close their proceedings to be ..;ht he( ire them, and the like light and justice I , :• done. Sectim IX. The president of the court in each eurnit within such circuit, and the judges of the mutt of common pleas within their respective comities, , li' II be justices of the peace, su far as rMatt , to critnitul matters. Seetion X. A register's office, for the probate of v.,114 and letters tC ndmiuislraiion, and an .Iliee for the reeJriliog of deeds, shall be kept in e.ich empty. S4.etton Sol. The style of all proce , c shall he " The Common‘vellth of Penn,ylvania." All prose ctiiioni shall he eirrtod on in the name and by the au'h•nitr of the'Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and eonelude against the peace and dignity of the same." ARTICLE VI Section I. Sheiitl's and c rollers Shan, at the time.; and phi,. of election of representatives, be chosen by the cltizens of each c minty. nne person shall br ch,t.s , n for each office, who shell I,e oanmis o haw,' by the Gee GDeer nor. They shall hold their offices for three ye irs, if they shall so I. mg behave themselves ,sell, and until a successor be duly qualific 1 ; but no 1,, son shall he twice ch i,en or lipp Sill•. 11 1 .. in illy 111 If six yea.s. tn t tithe' of the s .hell to. filled by all r, t e I.; .1 I, 'I. to CMC,II•I.. 11111.1 the itti'i• r I 111, ..1. 1 Until a succrs,n shall to' CiI , SC:I 1 ,tti afol - Said. Section 11. TN` (cornea c tturno..ue. , litt shall be aimed, ani r 1.1 IN defellCC il'h: 'WWI ni Irv": rci by taw. Tho,e who I•, t••• ,h ell 1,1 Ire c tt. NO, tut chi 1 1 .03 3 .• anfor pei , k,hil vice. :4ecliini 111, J'rrrlbuvuf,, ic.v r f 01 , S , :preme Cour! appoiiiird swirl Corr', fir llrc Itrm Ihrt, q rbrs if At lo!lare .hem,elvcs o wl fie/ 'f/,r several oilier raurls, I:rem-0 . .3.s o f d ee d : , oo d lir gislers rf twills , .vlurll nit the lime. , a , ',l !lbw:, of election of represt e !, d In ! ,p,„1,- lied elrelars 6i ea,,, r, ( . whir/, /he' `,l •i 7'; N.cif trio. (;•wer,rm% li, if shh/1 hohl their qiiee,l;,rth,-tr• . . au long belowtuna7±,s tr, um/ 0:1 t.',a paeces,ors shall he duly yel.,/ 'l hi re shall proride by kw. the is, ue ~f ;ens in each manly wha shall hold said ogi..vq, uud how many and Whirl: ' s,::d !I .'',- Id by one person. Viteane irs in any of the Aairl flees shall be fitkrt by 1,,• y the GOternor, to conliiine until the ma! eh th s tril, and 'nail spere.‘:.cm shall be and qualfird a, afore,...i.d. !;ccti,m IV. Prothunetsli-s, cla rks t , f and orrl'sl , s 9 ills, Mid shetills, sh.ill keep their nlfnt.. in the county town of the county in which they, re,pec lively, shall be officers, unless when the GoVernm . shall, for ;1,611 t!i.!,enso i:b. r.,, any teen not exceeding live ..f.e. Shall have !wen aerie!. Section V. All c,•intnissi,ms shill tie in the name and by the autholity of the t'utnin ,nwe,lth of Pent,- sy :Ulla, and be sealed a itti the Slate ,e,d,:ind: by the Goveinor. Sucti , ,n VI. .4 State Tressmer shill br eluted smiulll2,, by joint vote of bot.'t branches of the I.•gis -lot are. Section VII. ..Tu , t;reP of the pram nr alrh—nen shall be eleard in the ..,ere-.'at emit tonm.vhips at the time of I, l d. el.etion if eon .ylable., by the qualified ' , tilers the, eof, number a., shall be directed by law, nail shall be commis: nowt by the Gorr row- fur a ler ni rf ji years ; but no tolva. , ll;p, ward nr harair% elect more than have ju,tices of the never 711P11 trilhOtit the consent of n muineity !hr , 1 1111- Med electors within such town,h , p, winol or bo rough. Section VIII. All qfirers whose elecliim or up ',ointment is not pruvide 11.4 , con..lltatai, shot! he thrfid or appointed as .vholl he itiirled by lute. IV, person shah he ani. , oinfid any tier within ar,y moody :oho shall rant r n citizen and 111,1 ilobilbololfit them is OW yo'oor :4%11 before 111 . 8 uppoo o . ,l tioo id, o f Me Opt 4., been so I,:, (I ; hill i/ ' it • 100. /1 n! hare !e'en so Lin: !I'm within the limit.' At out Of whirh lose bre?. taken. cjcl, member of Congress from th , tole , or any ptrAnn holding or exercising - any dhri or appointment of true! or profit undtr Sitars, ..hnll at the same time 111,1,1 elerr i, e a ny yfire in this adult, to telach a 5. , h.• y is, is fee: nr perfirsixitrs art hy Inc'. WWI ort Nor kg ',hi itirt HIM/ by fun , okol, rr. IC", oN! o;:f o!!fort.` nrr tide. No member of the or of Ai house rlprescolotires he unpin' tihtl by the rnor to any 'Sire during the term fur which he shill( bore hien deeded. Section IX. Ail officers for a term of !puns shcll hold their o ffiris firr the terms respectivily specified. only on the condamn Ilutt they .so long behave themselves rr.ll ; and Shull hr removed on fOnVierOn of mistwhoviour in iffice or if any in famous criiiie. Section X. Any person who Ault. after the adiption If the amendments proposed hr Ilesthis Convention to the Constitution, fight a feel or send a challenge for that purpose, or he alder or abettor in fig.hlit,g a duel, shall hr deprived of the right of holding any oyice if honour or profit in this State, and dud! be paniehed otherwise in. uch manner as is, or may be prescribed by law ; but the exerutive may remit the said offence and all its disqualifications. A ItTICI,F. VII Section f. The lejsla tore 01;111, as soon as con veniently may he, provide by law, fur the establish ment of schools throughout the Slate, in such manner that the poor may be taught gratis. Section 11. The arts and sciences shall be pro moted in one or more seminaries of learning. Section 111. The rights, privileges, immunities and estates of religious societies and colporate bo dies, shall remain as if the constitution of this State -had not been altered or amended. Section IV. The legislature shrill 110 i ilireat any corporate body or individual se,:th the privilege of taking pr; rate property jar use, without requiring .tuch empuration or individual to make compensation to the owners of said property, or give adequate security therefor, before such pro perty shall be taken. ARTICLE VIII Members of the General Assembly, and all offi cers, executive and judicial, shall be bound by oath or affirmation, to support the constitution of this Commonwealth, and to perform the duties of their respective offices with fidelity. ARTICLE IX That the general, great and essential principle% of liberty and free ginermnent may be recognised and unalterably established, WE DECLARE, THAT section I. All men are born equ illy free and in dependent, and have certain inherent and indefeasible rights, among much :,re - thee of enjoying and de fending life and liberty, cf acquiji:4, possessing THE NEW CONSTITUTION. and protecting property and reputation, and of pur suing their own lmpiness. Section 11. All p is inherent in the people, an 1 all fire g..vernments arc founded on their au thority, and instituted for their peace, safety and happiness; For the advancement ~f theMe ends, they have, at all nn imlirnable and indefeasible right to alter, let ,rm 01 ahnli•h their government, in Such m:nun•r a 4 they may think pk,per. Section 111. All men hive a nntoril and inckfeit sibli. to Simslop Alini:rdity .icroidiniz to the 11 ' 1,1:titI of Orli . On COli•Cllllirey ; nu nl , ll can , ef Ise ceilipell•••1 to atle.• , l, erect, 111 411;11,1( 311) . 1,1:1C0 Ilf Of tiny min fishy c.oisi it; !Mil) 11l .111(1111i 11, e., n, 111 :illy {VII i yet, r••ntrol nr interfoie with the iiirhti of c„u:riecrr ; and 111, ;II 1 . ,1•111 s e shall ever be iiien. by to any religtorts establishments or in. iles Section IV. N. , person Nvlin acknowleth.tes the he- Is St.lty of 1'1.45.111k 01 II account lell4i•dis sehti ,thillti 11 , 541 'flly italVe or I)l.ee of this CIIIIIIIII1111VC:11 (ii. V. lib•clion+ 1,1, free• :42111 'I 1. Tri.ll by it:Fl 01311 hr :I'4 111, Vii.ITIVO, thereof tuvi• I Ito. V". plisses