_ .. litt ft
BY WM. BREWSTER.
NEW GOODS FOR THE FALL AND
WINTER or 1851 AT
DAVID P. GWIN.
1 hart:just maim!, and tun now opening, on
the corner opposite Couts' lintel, n large and
beautiful assortment of
Fall and Winter Goode
consisting of Cloths, Cassimers, Black and Fan
cy Satinctis Vastings, Tweeds, Flannels
Yellow, White and lied. Also a large lot of
Sack Flannels of all colors. French Mari
times' Coburg Cloths. all wool, Delains, Plain
out Fancy Deltaic., Cashmere, Dabaize, Maps-
S.c.
A Large Lot of Dress Goods,
Silks lilackilard and Plain, Bonnet Silks. Col•
Undendeeres Shimintizetts, Fancy Head.
Dresses, Financings, Lace, Ei!goings and Insar•
lion, Ribl.uns, Trimmings, E.
Cotton Goods,
ml.l l / 1 4 Bleached atml Unblenelied,Cantou Flan
nele, Drills Table Diaper, Creel,, Gloves, um!
110..ry ..f
Wog.. ungl Shoes, Groceries, Queenswgtro,
ilanlware and Cedar WHIT.
I lit (11.4114. Carpets, pnrpet Sacks, &c.
, .
11.% ,
etomer, and es twiny new ones ns con
rw , ' iu, nrc carnestly requested to call and cx-
aminr ipy.pol2l,
All kiMa l'emitry Produce taken in ea•
ehatige timely et the highest market prices.
Oet. 18, 1e54.
Grocery, Confectionary,
IfTz-tiTiqs
NDREW M(EItUS, would respectfully in
; form the citizens of Huntingdon and vicini
ty that he has just returned front the cast, with
a very largo and fresh supply of Fruit and
em,l,:etionaries, such as _
Candies, Lemons, Raisins, Nuts, &c.,
and the largest stock of Toys and Fancy
Articles, ever uttered for sale in this town,
1 lie receives daily from the city of Baltimore,
the best OYSTERS that eau be fuml. Those
in want of prime "shell fish,' can be accommoda
ted by railing at the saloon. He has fitted np a
saloon expressly fur the Ladies.
Thankful to the public ihr past favors, he hope■
by strict attention to business to merit a eontina
coca of the same.
Huntingdon, Oct. 12, 1853.
RIMY Try KNIONT.
(successor to Milk/ 6. Knight.
Bedding and Carpet
WAREHOUSE,
No. 148 South Second Street,
NIGH I,OOItA MIOVE SPRUCE SREET,
Where ho keeps con , tantly on howl a fall assort
meat of every article in his line of basilic..
Feathers, Feather Beds,
PAND,N.T SPRING MATTRESSES,
Codcrtlair, Moss, corn Husk and Straw
MATTRESSES,
Vrloet Tapestry, Tapestry, Brussels, Three-Ply,
Ingram, l'enetian, List, Rag and Hemp
Carpotings, Oil Cloths, Canton Mattings,
Cocoa and Spanish Mattings, Floor and Stair
Dramts, Hearth Mugs, Door Mats,
TABLE AND PIANO COVERS.
To which be respectfully invites the attention
or purchasers. (Oct. 4, '54.-Iy.
NEW ARRIVAL.
& W. SAXTON,
T.TAvE just received from Mandelphie the
largest and handsomest assortment of
211 TID MO .5
ever offered in this place, consisting of Cloths,
.Cassimers, Satinetts, Vcntings, &c.
For the Ladies,
we have Plaid Silks, Worsted Plaids, and every
variety of plaid goods, to please the taste of the
Ladies. Also, Shawls, Sacking Flannels, Bon
net Silks, Bonnets, and the finest assortment of
Collars, Under-sleeves, Shimazetts, tic., ever
offered to the ladies of this place.
Boots and Shoes,
of every variety, for Men and Boys, Ladies
Shoos, of every variety.
Hats and Caps,
_ .
or the very latest and best stylel
Hardware,
of which we always keep the largest anti best as
tortment ever kept in this place.
• Queensware,
a magnificent assortment, which we are selling
quite low.
Groceries,
ore s little up, but we tiro determined to sell as
low if lot lower, than any other house,according
to quality.
(tar ctock of Oil Cloths and Carpels
i• Tabs, Buckets, Willow Ware, and
everything usually kept in a country store.
In fact we have ehrything to suit the tote of
all, and at lower prices than can be got at , any
other house in town, if you don't be stitislied of
the fact atter calling, then we give up.
We have also, FISH, SALT, PLASTER.
and also receive and store Grain, as usual.
Sept. 27, 1854.
Real Estate Agency.
The undersigned has established an agency
;for the Sale and Purchase of Real Estate in
Huntingdon county.
Any person whirling to Hell or purchase can
givc .us a description of the property, its lora.
ion, quantity, quality, and terms.
We engage in this agency on such terms as
,cannot be objected to.
The Agent has the facility of making the
property extensively known.
We now have some very desirable land which
,we offer on easy terms. WM. BREWSTER.
Notice to School Directors and
Teachers.
THE School Directors of the following mimed
School Districts, are hereby notified that I will
.meet them at the place and time designated, for
the purpose of examining teachers and granting
.certificates.
September 9th, at Alexandria, to examine ap
plicants for the schools of Porter township.
N. B.—Those Districts which have neglected
to make out their yearly report, would confer a
favor by attending to it immediately. The Di
rectors of the several Districts, should give me
.early notice of the time when bey intend open
ing their schools, SO as to enable me to appoint a
.convenient time to meet them. . .
Teachers may be examined at any time by pre
senting certilicates of good moral character from
the Board of Directors of the District in which
they are applying.
Copies of the School Laws and decisions, can
ho furnished to Directors by calling at the Wilco
of Fisher & Williamson. on Hill street, or at my
residence on Mifflin greet, in the borough of Hun
tingdon. J. S. BABB, Co. Superintendent.
Huntingdon, August
" I BEE NO STAR ABOVE THE HORIZON, PROMISINO LIGHT TO GUIDE US, BUT THE INTELLIGENT, PATRIOTIC, UNITED WHIG PARTY OF THE UNITED ESTATES.".
TERMS :
The "II us•rixo no s Jot:RNAL" 19 published at,
ha following rates :
It paid in advance $1,60
If poll within six months after the time of
subscribing 1,75
If pail' at the etul of the year 2,00
•- • -
And two dollars and fifty cents if not paid till
after the expiration of the year. No subscription
will be taken for a less period than sin months,
and nopapor will be discontimted, except at the
option of the Editor, until all arrearages ore paid.
Subscribers living in distant counties,or in other
States, will be required to pay invariably in
advance.
ow The ahoy° tenni will be rigidly adhered
to in all cases.
ADVERTISEMENTS
Will be charged at the followilig rates
I insertion. 2 do. 3 do.
Six lines or less, $ 25 $ 371 $ 50
One square, (16 lines,) 50 75 1 00
Two " (32 " 100 150 200
Three " (48 " 150 225 3PO
Basilic, men advertising ny the Quarter, Half
Year or Year, a ill be charged tin following rates:
. 3 mo. 6mo. 12 mo.
One square, 13 00 $5 00 $8 00
Two squares, 500 800 12 00
Three squares, 750 10 00 15 00
Four squares, 900 14 00 23 00
Five squares, 15 00 25 00 38 00
Ten squares, 2i 00 40 00 60 00
Business Cards not exceeding six lines, one
year, $4.00.
JOB WORK:
I sheet handbills, 30 copies or less, $1 25
4 i ti 1 50
ti
It dt 66 It 2 50
I bi ti I 4 lb it 4 00
BLANK., foolscap or less, per single quire, 1 50
" 4 or more quires, per " 1 00
tEr Extra charges will be made for heavy
composition.
Cr Alt letters on business mast be POST PAID
to secure attention. „gli/
The Law of Newspapers.
1. Subscribers who do not give express notice to
the contrary, arc considered as wishing to continue
their subscription:
2. If' subscribers order the discontinuance of their
newspapers, the publisher may continue to send them
until all arrearages are paid.
3. If subscribers neglect or refuse to tan their
newspapers from the offices to which they are direc
ted, they are held responsible until they have settled
their bills and ordered them discontinued.
4. If subscribers rtmnrr to other Awes withmit
informing the publish( r, and the newspapers are sent
to the 'boner direction, they are held responsible.
5. Persons who continue to receive or take the
paper from the office, are to he considered as sub-•
scribers and as such, equally responsible for subscrip
tion, as if they had ordered-their names entered upon
the publishers bouts.
6. The Courts hate also repeatedly decided that
a Post Master who neglects to perfiwnt his duty of
giving ras n rod hat ye yea/du
/ions el the Post Office Departnant, o the neg
lect of a person to take from the office, newspapers
addressed to him, renders the Post Master liable to
the publisher for the subscription price.
(; . b•ucittional.
By J. A. Hall.
Huntingdon county Teachers' Institute.
THURSDAY EVENING,
Prayer by Rev. J. 11. Williams; minutes of
last Session read and adopted ; letters front
Professors Ward and Campbell read and or
dered to - be filed with the records of the insti
tute. Discussion on the importance of order
and system in the school room, concluded.
Mr. Pletcher said he thought there was too
much diffidence on this subject. There were
a great ninny ideas advanced in the afternoon
that he had never thought of. He had visited
schools in which there was apparentlybo order
or system, no time for study or recitation;
some of the scholars talking, some reading,
some writing; the teacher too busy to converse
with him ; all was in confusion and there ap•
peered to bo no time for anything. He had '
asked the scholars what time they recited cer
tain lessons ; and they said whenever they had
time which often did not happen for two or three
days. • He had long been impressed with the
importance of order and system, and would
ask for further information from others present.
Prof. Tomlin said his teaching had been done
is Colleges and Seminaries. He adopted the
system. of hearing the hardest lessons in the
morning, because the physical and_ mental
powers are then fresh. • Drawing, painting,
and penmanship were reserved for the last
hours of the day. He had a regular hour for
each class to recite; this he considered the
foundation of order and system. As teachers
we should endeavor to set a good example,
and form the habits of students as well as train
their minds. Ile would advise strictness on
one point—have a definite time for each reci•
talon, and when that time is out, let the class
go. If you extend your time you are intrud
ing upon the time of the students and thereby
doing them an injury.
Mr. Baker wanted to know whether order
was not important in Seminaries as well as is
common schools.
Mr, Tomlin said he was a great stickler for
order; he believed it indispensable in all schools;
he believed the best manner of securing it was
to adopt the course he had been speaking of.
If students were disposed to be mischievous ho
would crowd another study upon them ; give
them so much to do that they would have no
time for mischief. He had known some excel
lent teachers who could not keep order, and
some rigid disciplinarians who were poor teach
ers. A man's titee, Ile said, was often more
potent in preserving order than all the words
he could use. Positive sternness bucked by
kindness, he considered the true element of
success. A teacher should have a few com
mon sense rules, and give his students to un,
derstand that he wanted their common sense
to govern them. He did not believe in thrgat
ening. If the teacher is firm and assumes
,his : position
.; giving them to understand that
he is their friend and at the saute time ,their
master, there is not much difficulty.
HUNTINGDON, PA., WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 24, 1855
In concluding, he said there is much ego
tism in human nature. Teachers are not ex
empt from it. But we shonld be careful ; there
are sharp eyes watching all our movements.—
He had known teachers to consume half an
hour trying to explain what they knew nothing
about rather than acknowledge their ignorance
to the class ; whilst some of the class proba
bly knew the trick and front that moment lost
confidence in the teacher.
Mr. Hall, in reply to Mr. Baker's objections
to canvassing the district, said if he could not
make it suit to do this preliminary work before
the time fixed for opening the school, he had
always been able to prevail on the district to
delay a few days and afford him the opporto•
nity. In fact, he would not take a school with.
out it; it was the only means of making sore
a good beginning, which with bite wan a mat.
ter of great moment. He urged teachers to
try the plan, and assured them they would be
amply repaid in the awakened interest of their
charge at the outset; and the greater Caere,
of their after labor in the §chool room. He ho.
ped all would, on next going into a new district
make the effort at any sacrifice of convenience•
He, Mr. H., was much pleased with the spit ,
it and general tenor of Prof. Tomlin's remarks,
and thought his system admirable for the Col
lege and Seminary. He rejoiced to learn that
we had in out neigborhood anlnstitution under
the excellent discipline and rigid course of stu
dy described by him. Thoroughness, he had
reason to fear, was not, ns in the olden time,
a di4lingnillting characteristic of Our higher
schools. He agreed heartily witn the gentle.
man in all he had said about perfect recitations;
their importance could hardly be overrated.—
His own practice was to detain every scholar
that failed in any of the princilial lesso to and
give him another hearing after school hours, or
require a review in addition to the regular les
sons assigned for the next day. He regretted
that some parts of the Professor's system were
not practicable in ont mixed, common, schools.
Hearing the older classes and most difficult re.
citations first, though decidedly proper it. col
legiate instruction, where the lessons are all
prepared in the private study, and where there
are no small children "lo weary with trailing"
—was not admissible in common schools.—
Our boys and girls do not generally prepare
their lessons at home, but in school under the
oxn a the tenet,,., t.:,. to. .4...
rarely found the classes in geography, gram
mar, history, philosophy hr., prepared to re
cite at the opening of school in the morning.
They must have time fir preparation, and dur.
ing that time he heard the small children
spell, read, count, he.; then the classes in pri
mary geography, oral arithmetic he.; nod thus
went on to the top of the scale. Two of the
most advanced classes were generally reserved
for the last half hour of each session, when,
the other work being done, there seas less to
divert either teacher or class from the business
in hand. He agreed with Mr. Pletcher and
others, that in common schools the youngest
classes should be first heard ; and it was his
custom also to dismiss these nearly an hour be
fore the regular time of closing school. But
this last was not proper under all circumstances.
It should always be done in towns, perhaps nut
generally in the country.
On the plan of having a fixed liute for each
recitation, Mr. 11. said he did not think it pos•
sible to make thorough work in a common
school if the teacher was strictly limited, tied
down to a specified number of minutes for
hearing each class. He had tried it effectual.
ly and failed, and he hMI known others to fail.
When a young man he had thought the discip
line of the school could and should he reduced
to military precision, and all the exercises
to mathematical accuracy. He had long since
discovered. that these notions were visionary,
and that the machinery of the schoolroom
was a little different from clock-work. There
must, however, be method in the hearing of
recitations, as in every thing else. The teach
er must have a complete programme, of the
day's work distinctly before him at the time he
begins it ; the classes must know in advance
how much they will be called on to recite and
when it will be done; and the teacher should
be able to judge nearly what time the proper
hearing of each lesson assgined, will occupy.
By carefully attending to these'points, he might
so vary the time devoted to each class as to
snit the condition of his school and yet avoid
confusion. The 'professor of a college, while
hearing a class, had, he said, no other present
ditty to divide his. attention ; the teacher of
mixed school was not thus exenept. To keep
up the interest of a single class was the pas.
time of the professor; this was one thing. To
preserve order and quiet industry in six oreight
additional classes at the time of recitation, was
the task of the teacher, and was quite a differ
thing. The class instructor's system of recita
tion might be fixed and unchanging; the school
toneher's must be flexible and admit of limited
variation.
Gentlemen had said teachers are egotistical
and lack independence. The former ho would
call a blemish, the latter a positive disrynalift.
cation fur the profossion. The teacher should
be modest and unassuming, but at the same
time perAotly independent, He should be wil
ling to receive advice from all, suffer dictation
from none. Ho should love his profession, and
honor it by a manly maintainance of Its repo.
teflon ano rights, l o should consider his cal
tug a high and holy ono 1 and faithfully, fear.
lessly, and dispito all difficulties, press on in
the discharge of its responsible duties. holding
himself responsible only to God and his own
conscience.
Essay by Hr. Benedict—subject, Law of
Success. Mears. Hall, Stewart and Keith ap
pointed a cuunnittee •to procure a copy for
i'lljArßrilEVl, aV_OAI`Eg
()I'
GOVERNOR POLLOCK.
Tuesday, January 16, 1855.
FELLOW CITIZENS :—Custom sanctions, and
demands, a brief declaration of the principles
and policy, to be adopted and pursued by an
Executive about to assume the functions of
that office. The character of our institutions
demonstrates the propriety slouch declaration.
All the just powers of the government emanate
from the people, and to *ern should be com
municated the manner id which it is proposed
to execute the powers conferred.
The people are sovereign; and in the ex,
cise of their sovereignty, they have "ordained
and established" a constitution for the govern
ment of the State. That constitution, 1 have
this day, in the presence of my fellow citizens,
and of Him who is the searcher of hearts—
and with humble reliance on His Wisdom to
dir,et—sworn to support. The high powers
therein delegated to the respective coordinate
branches of the Government are clearly expres
sed and defined. Side by side with the grant of
powers, stands the declaration of the rights of
the people, recognising the general, great and
essential principles of liberty and free govern
ment. To guard against the transgression of
the powers delegated ; and to preserve forever
inviolate the rights, liberties, privileges of the
citizen, thus declared, will be both a duty
and a pleasure, in full harmony with every sen
timent °lnv heart, every impulse of my na
ture.
Republican Institutions are the pride and
justly the glory of our country. To enjoy them
is our privilege, to maintain them out duty.—
Civil and religious liberty—freedom of speech,
and of the press, the rights of conscience, and
freedom of worship—nre the birthright and
boast of the American citizen. No royal edict
no pontificial decree, can restrain or destroy
them. In the enjoyment of these blessings,
the rich and the poor, the high and the low,
meet together—the constitution, in its full
scope and ample development, shields and pro
tects them all. When these rights are assailed
these privileges endangered, either, by
mad ambition, or by influences foreign to the
true interests of the Nation, and ,ist war with
love of country-01A noble. impulse of tho
American heart, flitch' imempts tt to revere
home and native land as sacred objects of its
affections—it is then to the ballot box in its
omnipotence, speaking in thunder tones the
will of the people, rebukes the wrong, and vin
dicates the freedom—the independence of the
citizen. To the American people have these
blessings been committed as a sacred trust ;
they are, and must be, their guardians and
defenders. The American citizen, independent
and free, uninfluenced by partizan attachments,
unawed by ecclesiastical authority or ghostly
intolerance—in the strength of fearless man.
hood, and in the bold assertion of Isis rights—
should exhibit to the world a lining:illustration
of the superior benefits of American Republi•
canism ; proclaiming a true and single allegi
ance to Isis country, and to no other power but
"the Cod that made and preserves us as a Na•
tion.
Virtue, intelligence, and truth are the found
dation of our republic. By these our institu
tions and privileges can and will be preserved.
Ignorance is not the mother of patriotism, or of
Republics. It is the enemy and destroyer of
both. Education, in its enlightening, eleva
ting and reforming influences, in the full pow
er of its beneficient results, should be encour
aged' by the State. Not that mere intellectual
culture that leaves the mind a moral waste, un
fit to understand the duties of the.man or citi
zen, but that higher education, founded upon,
directed, and controlled by sound and elevated
moral principle—that recognizes the Bible as
the foundation of true knowledge, as the text
book alike of the child andt ho American States
man, and no the great charter and bulwark of
civil and religious freedom. The knowledge
thus acquired is the power conservavtive of
States and nations ; more potent in its energy
to uphold the institu.ions of freedom and the
rights of man, than armies and navies in their
in their proudest strength.
The framers of our Constitution understood
this, and wisely provided for the establishment
of schools and "the pro motion of the arts and
sciences, in one or more seminaries oflearning
that the advantages of education might be en
joyed by all.
To improve the efficiency of this system, not
only by perfecting our common schools, but by
eneourging and aiding "one or more" higher
literary institutions, in which teachers can be
trained • and qualified ; and to increase the
fund appropriated to educational purposes,
are objects whirls will at All times receive my
willing approval. Money liberally, yet wisely,
expended in the pursuit and promotion of
of knowledge is true economy. Tho integrity
of this system and its fend must he preserved.—
, No division of this fund fur political or sectari
an purgas should ever be made or attempted.
To divide is to destroy, Party and sectarian
jealousies would be engendered ; the unity and
harmony of the system destroyed, and its noble
objects frustrated and defeated. I3igotay might
rejoice, patriotism would weep over such a re
sult.
In the performance of the duties now devoly
ed upon me, it will be my desire to aid, by all
constitutional and legal means, the .develop•
meta of the resources of the State ; and to en•
courage and promote her agricultural, mining,
manufacturing and commercial interests. A
kind Providence has bestowed upon es, with a
liberal hand, all the elements of wealth and
greatness, Our vulley3 ;mil plains carer thcir
I fertile soil to the plosghshnre of the husband
man, and reward with their rich productions
his honorable toil. Our inexhaustible coal
fields; our rich iron deposits ; limestone every
where, and just where most required ; the in
terminable forest, and our rushing streams; all
invite the energy and enterprise of citizens
to the development of their treasures, and
promise a rich reward to their laborers. The
- smoke fo our furnaces, the crash of the ro
ling-mill ; the hum of the spindle ; and the din
of the workshop, attest the energy and manufac
turing skill of our people; and whilst the
plough, the loom, and-the anvil, unite in the
production of wealth, commerce, by her thou
sand avenues, is bearing their valuable and
abundant products to our marts of trade.--
Amidst all these great interests, and their
rapid and almost romantic developement, it is
a matter of congratulation that agriculture, in
its various departments, has awakened the pub
lic attention to its importance, and claimed
and received from science the tribute of its
aid. Pennsylvania, so deeply interested in
the SUCCOS of her agricultural industry, cannot
be indifferent to the laudable ell'orts now ma
king to perfect and advance this first, anti no
blest, pursuit of man. This, and all other
branches of industry, should recieve the fos
tering care and encouragement of the Gov
ernment.
The interests of our great commercial em
porium should receive the considerate atten
tion of the Legislature. Her manufactures,
trade and commerce, are of great and increas
ing importance, and Philadelphia, as consoli
dated, in population, wealth, enterprise and
rivals the first cities of the Union. To make
her the first among the citties of our country
should be the pride of every Pennsylvanian.--
Her interests are so identified with the inter
ests of the State, that they cannot be separated
without injury to both. A prudent and liberal
system of legislation, appropriate to her real
wants, would promote her own and the inter
ests or the Commonwealth,.
A sound currency is essential to the pros.
perily ofd commercial people. All classes of
society, and every branch of industry, in their
varied interests and economical relations, are
interested in securing and maintaining a safe
circulating medium. To accomplish this result
wise and prudent legitimate is necessary.—
and carefully
guarded system of banking, IA not only sound
policy, but beneficial to the legitimate trade
and commerce of the country; and aids in de.
veloping her great natural and industrial re.
sources. Our present system of banking, with
the limitations restrictions and liabilities,
individual and otherwise, - mposed by law on
these institutions, have become the settled poll.
cy of the Stete. The checks and guards
thrown around them should not be lessened
orremovel. Their own saii3ty, and the securi
ty of the public, require their continuance.
Notice of numerous intended applications
to the Legislature for new banks, nn increase
of banking capital end savings institutions, has
been given ns required by the constitution.—
Without desireing to assume a hostile attitude
towards all banks, the propriety or incorpora
ting all that may be-called for under the notice
given, can not be justified or defended. The
extrvagant, improper or unreasonable increase
of banks and banking capital, is not deman
ded by the wants of the community, and will
not, and can not be seanctioned by the Exe
cutive. The present commercial and financial
embarrassment of the country ; all past expe
rience, and the more recent experience of some
of oar sister States, as seen in their ruined
banks and depreciated currency, demonstrate
the necessity of legislating cautiously and
prudently on this subject. The number of
banks, and consequently the amount of bank
ing capital should be limited to, and regula
ted by , the proper demands of active and
healthy trade, and the actual business wants
and necessities of tha community. This poll
ey honestly insisted upon and pursued, would
protect the country.from the disasterous con
sequences of improvident banking. An ex
traordinary and unnecessary increase of
banks and banking facilities, - in seasons of
great general prosperity, leads to extravagant
and ruinous speculation. Such increase in
times of commercial distress, aggravates and
prolongs the evils it was designed to remedy.
Entertaining these views I will not hesitate
to sanction the re-chartering of old and sol
vent banks, which by prudent and eheet n 1 man
agement, and an honest adherence to the le
gitimate purposes of their creation, have mer
ited and recieved the confidence of the public.
Nor will I refuse to sanction the incorporation
of new banks, when indispensably necessary
and clearly demanded by the, actual business
wants and interests of the community In which
they may be located. To no other, and
under no other circumstances, can I yield
the Executive consent.
To promote the welliu•e and prosperity of
the Commonwealth, by regulating and increas
ing hor finances, economizing her resources
maintaining hor credit, reducing her debt, and
relieving her people from oppressive taxation,
will be the objects of my anxious desire and
to the accomplishment of which every energy
of my administration will be directed, The
public debt 11QW exceeding forty millions of
dollars, and the annual taxation necessary
to meet the payments of its interest, seriously
affect the great indust chit interests of des State;
drive labor and capital from the common.
wealth•.; prevent the extention and completion
91
.her noble system of education • and the
prosecution of those laudable schemes of be
nevolence, which at once benefit, dignify and
adore a free and enligtenml people,
[ E HST ER,
Every- consideration of State pride, every
motive of interest, require its reduction and
speedy liquidation, by every available and
practicable Mean. To secure this object, ri
gid economy in every department of the gov•
ernment, retrenchment in the public expendi
tures ; strict accountability in all the receiv.
ing and disbursing (injects of the Common
wealth ; and an honest and filarial discharge of
duty by all her agents, would contribute much
and also save millions to the Treasury.
Created by the State, in the prosecution and
management of her system of internal its
proventents—a system chara,terized by "prod
igality, extravagance and corrupt political fat
: voritism"—the sale of these improvements, or
at least of the " main line," as a means of re
ducing this debt, lessening taxation, and wa
ving our financial credit, has for many years
occupied the attention of the people, and their
representatives. Bills fur the sale of the main
line have been passed by three different Leg.
islatures, two of which were approved by the
Governors then in olive. The people, on the
question being solonitted to them in 184.1.,
dc
eided, by a bare majority, in favor of the sale;
and yet these works, trout the defactive charac
ter of the laws authorizing the sale, the centric.
tions contained in them, and from other causes,
remain unsold. Public sentiment, founded on
economical, moral and political eunsideration,,
still demands, and the public welfare still re
quires, their sale.
The consideration to be paid, the mode.
terms and conditions of the sale, ought to be
carefully considered. Just and liberal induce.
meats should be offered to purchasers ; whilst
nt the same time the people should be protee.
ted against wrong and imposition. By avoid
ing the errors of former legislation, a sale on
terms favorable to the State, and beneficial to
the purchaser, may be secured.
It is vain to hope for a reduction of the debt,
and relief front taxation, without a sale of the
whole, or part, of our public improvements.—
Incutnbered with debt, and taxed to support a
system, the management of which lots been
marked by extravagance, expenditure, fronds.
lent speculation, and a reckless disregard of
public interests, the people demand relief and
release from these bunions. The press and
the ballot box have declared the popular will
on this subject, and that will should be obey.
rd Mute .
will prompt in n ti l ttigß , gV,4ar f st i t t iiplitTtai 7 ,;
accomplishment of this object.
In this connection, and whether a sale of all
or any of the public improvements, be effected
or not, the abolition or reorganization of the
Board of Canal Commissioners, and the sub•
standon of some other efficient and responsi
ble system of management, are subjects wor
thy of consideration. Every measure of re
form in this regard, calculated to increase the
efficiency and responsibility of the supervisory
power; protect the interests of the State; and
correct the seal or alleged abuses of the pros•
cut system, will receive ety approval.
The people having in-the recent election de
cided against the passage of a law prohibiting
the manufact tire of I bitters, it will become the du
ty of the Legislature and Executive to consul•
er what other legislation may be necessary to
control and correct the evils of intemperance.
Our present license system, although highly
penal. and corrective of many abuses, is still
defective. The titeility with which licenses are
obtained for the sale of malt and other liquors,
is au evil that demands reform. The number
of places in which these are sold, should be li
mited by lute; and no license granted unless by
the Courts, and in the manner now required in
the case of public inns and Invents ; and sub
ject to the same regulations, restrictions and
penalties.
The desecration of the Sabbath by a traffic
so fruitful of evil, and so demoralizing in its
results, is in direct opposition to the law of
God, and the moral sentiment of the people;
and is a reproach to the age in which too live.
A stringent and comprehensive law, remedial
in its provision, and vindicating the great law 1
of the Sabbath, in its physical and moral relations
to man, is required, not only by the moral
sense of community, lint would be justified by
every sentiment of humanity, every eonsidera•
Lion of philanthropy, every impulse of pure and
genuine patriotism. The history of intemper
mice is written in tears and blood. Pauper
ism, taxation and crime follow in its train. A
remedy should be applied; and public senti
ment, with the full force of its moral sanction,
will approve all prudent and constitutional leg
islation on this subject.
The pardoning power—the harmonious hien
ding of mercy and justice in our Constitution'
—will be exercised with a just regard to both
these important principles. With every desire
to extend mercy to the unfortunate and repen
tant transgressor, justice, in her stern demands,
will not be overlooked by the pardon of the.
vicious and hardened criminal. This power
has been conferred on the Executive, not to
overthrow the administration of justice, but to
aid and promote it, It should be exercised
with great caution, and only upon the most
satisfactory assurance that it is dne to the con
demned, and that rite rights and security of the
public will not be prejudiced by the act. To
prevent the abuse of this power, and to protect
the Executive front imposition, notice of the
intended application should be published in the
city or county where the trial and conviction
took place.
Experience has demonstrated the impoliey
Of subscriptions by municipal corporations, to
the stock of railroad companies. This is espe
cially. true in relation to county subscriptions.
The practice should be avoided, or at least sot
encouraged by future I,gi,laticut.
VOL. 20. NO. 4
Legislation, so far as practicable, should be
general and uniform. Local and special leg
islation ought to be aka/Staged, when the ob.
jest can be obtained hy'general laws. Its ten
dency is pernicious; and general principles,
and public good, are often sacrificed to secure
personal and private benefits, '" Omnibus leg
islation" being improper in itself, and demoral
izing in its influence, can not receive my nAlle
tiOn. The views and practice of my immedi
ate predecessor on this subject, meet my co,
dial approval.
Pennsylvania, occupying as mbe does an im
portant and proud position in the sisterhood
Si Slates, cannot be indifferent to the policy
and nets of the National Goverment. Her
polential for good in other days, ought not to
ho disregaded now. Devoted to the Constitu
tion and the Union—us she was the first tosane
tion, she will be the last to endanger the one,
or violate the other. Regarding with jealous
care the rights other sister States, she will ho ev
ready to defend her own. The blood of her
sons poured out on the many battle-fields of
the Revolution, attests her devotion to the
great principles of American freedom--the
centre-truth of American republicanism. To
the Constitution in till its integrity ; to the
Union in its strength and harmony; to the
maintenance in its purity, of the faith anti hon•
or of oar country, Pennsylvania now is, and
always has been pledged—a pledge never vio.
lated, and not to be violated, until patriotism
ceases to be a virtue, and liberty to be knows
only as rS !WIC.
Entertaining these sentiments, and actuated
by en exclusive desire to promote the peace,
harmony and welfare of our beloved country.
the recent action of the National Congress and
Executive, in repealing a solemn compromise.
only less sacred in public estimation than the
Constitution itself—thus attempting to extend
the institution of domestic Slavery in the terri
torial domain of the Nation, violating the
plighted faith and honor of the country, arous
ing sectional jealousies and renewing the agi
tation of vexed and distracting question—has
received from the people of our own and other
States of the Union, their stern and merited re•
With no desire, to restrain the full and entire
constitutional rights of the State, not to interfere
directly or indirectly with their domestic Mutt•
tutions, the people of Pennsylvania ; to view of
principle involved in it, and the consequences
resulting from it, as marked already by fraud,
violence, and strife ; have re-affirmed their op
position to the extension of slavery into territo
ry now free, and renewed their pledge "to the
doctrines of the act of 1780, which relieved us
by constitutional means from a grevious social
evil ; to the great ordinance of 1787, in its full
scope and beneficient principles ; to the protee
lion of the personal rights of every human be
ing under the Constitution t Pennsylvania,
and the Constitution of the 'United States, by
maintaining inviolate the trial by jury, and
the writ of habeas corpus; to the assertion of
the due rights of the North, as well as of the
South, and to the integrity of the Union."
The declaration of these doctrines is but the
recognition of the fundamental principles of
freedom and human rights. They are neither
new nor startling. They were taught by patri
otic fathers at the watch-fires of our country's
defenders ; and learned amid the bloody snows
of Valley Forge, and the mighty throes of war
and revolution. They were stamped with inde •
lible im press upon the great charter ofour rights,
and embodied in the legislation of the best and
purest days of the Republic; have filled the
hearts and fell burning from the lips of orators
and statesmen, whose memories are immortal
as the principles they cherished. They have
been the watchword and the hope of millions
whohave gonebefore us, are the watchwordand
the hope of millions now, and will be of millions
yet unborn.
In many questions of National and truly
Americas policy—the duo protection of Amer
icau labor and industry, against the depressing
influence of foreign labour and capital ; the
improvement of bar harbors and rivers; the
National defences ; the equitable distrbution of
the proceeds of tlr public lands among the
States, in aid of education :ma to relieve front
debt and taxation ; a judieions‘thmestead bill"
reform in the naturalization laws and the, pro
tection of our country against the immigration
and importation of foreign paupers and con
victs—in all these, we, as a State and people
see deeply interested; to and their adoption and
promotion every encouragement should ho
given .
To the people of toy active State, who have
tilled ate to preside over le, destine?, I retorts
the tribute of my warmest gratitude for tho
honor conferred; and my pledge to them this
day is, that "I will try" to realize their oxpec•
tations and not betray their confidence. In us
sliming the responsibilities of this high office
I would be tirlse to myself' and to the feelings
that now opproas tne, should hesitate to affirm
toy unaffected distrust in my ability to dis
charge its appropriate duties in a manner
commensurate with their importance. It
I cannot secure, Lwill labour to deserve the
oonfiidence and approbation of my fellow citi
zens. I donut expect, I dare not hope, to es
cape censure. Deserved .censure I will strive
to avoid, all other to disregard. Conscious of
the rectitude of my intentions ; with no ambi
tious desires to gratify ; no resentments to
cherish ; no wish, but for the public good , it
will be toy endeavour to perform every duty
faithfully and fearlessly, and having done this,
will abide the judgement of a generous people;
assured that if they condemn the act, they will
at least award to me the mead of good intee
titm,