BY J. A. HALL.
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mem •
Vortical.
MISS MARY.
Miss Mary is a charming maid,
A comely lass is she;
She every morning coffee drinks—
At evening sips her tea.
She's never gadding in the street,
But loves to stay at home;
Iler eyes are parted by her nose—
lier ringlets by a comb.
She's virtue's self personified—
She scorns to do a wrong;
She keeps her tongue between her teeth,
Where people's tongues belong.
The poor have always found her kind,
She weeps for others' woe;
On Sunday's eve she sits alone,
Unless she has a hlau.
Each leisure moment she employs,
To cultivate her mind;
She tics her apron on before—
Her bustle on behind.
Whenever she a shopping went,
She paid for what she bought;
In sleep she always shut her mouth,
As every body ought. .
Some faults she had, es who has not?
She strives them to reform;
And when her toes are tramples? on
She says 'get or?' my corn !'
Accomplishments like these would make
A match for count or earl;
And all the neighbors say she is
A pattern of a girl.
MILDRED.
l'air as the 'moonbeam, hot, oh! as cold,
With her eyes of blue and her curls of gold,
A cheek of roses, a lip whose smile
Could e'en front a cynic his sneer beguile;
Such Mildred was, and yet heartless she,
Tn the zenith of all her witchery.
Rife with mirth was her silvery tone,
It seemed the echo of music's own—
Graceful her form, as the queen-like swats,
As she glides o'er the wave in her plumage wan;
But less reckless and tickle the wave, flan: she,
In her heyday of wealth and of vanity.
A strange• came,—and proud a mien
Barely in Lindore's halls was seen—
His voice was gentle—never loud—
Its very softness awed the crowd.
He knew not the tongue of flattery,
He breathed no sigh, and bent no knee—
Which Mildred her bosom of ice within,
Would have given the half of her lands to win,
But—he departed its he came,
They know not either his home or name
Yet his eye was the home of her destiny,
And never again was her spirit free.
ffamitg eircit.
Free Developentent of Man,
If I were to express in a lino what con
stitutes the glory of a state, I should say
it is the free and full development of hu
man nature. That country is the happiest
and noblest whose institutions and circum
stances give the largest range of tuition to
the human powers and affections, and call
forth man in all the variety of his faculties
and feelings. That is the happiest country
where ,there is most intelligence and free
dom of thought, most affection and love,
most imagination and taste, most industry
and enterprise, most public spirit, most do , -
midi° virtue, most conscience, most piety.
Wealth is a good only as it is the produc
tion and proof of the vigorous exercise of
inanos powers, and is a means of bringing
out his affections and enlarging his facul
ties. Man is the only glory of a Country :
and it is the advancement and unfolding of
human nature which is the true interest of
a state.—Dr. Channing.
unfingbon
HUNTINGDON, PA., WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 12, 1853.
Energy of Character.
A bold vigorous man—what a tone he
gives to the company he may be in, to the
society in which he lives, to the nation
wherein he was born! Men seem inebriate
with the atmosphere around him, so com
pletely are they overcome by his presence.
He is never weary or languid ; nothing en
ervating falls from him in action or speech.
He strengthens and arouses; he sets men of
no confidence on their feet, not purposely
but imy his own example. They see him
lone of themselves, the boy they went to
school with expanded into the man, and
drawing all after him into the vortex in
which he moves. He is a perpetual re
proach to the sluggard, a joy to the timid,
those who want confidence, and who fancy
they are by temperament or situation pre
cluded from possessing or manifesting the
daring, animating power. Energy of char
acter is continually renovating society—el
evating men to a level whence they see how
easy it is or seems to become great and
joyful, as strong and vigorous as he who,
by not or thought, lifted them up. It is
animating to see men press on in the race
of emulation, inspired by some noble fel
low, who figures in the past, or is present
among them. The enthusiasm one man
can create by bold and earnest action is as
tonishing. One jovial, free-hearted, gen
erous stranger, coining by accident among
us, will often upset or invigorate a clique
of friends completely trained, immured into
dullness and customary quiet. The en
thusiasm of the moment overbears all our
preconceived notions of order, our silent
and respectful decorum; our fear of giving
offence, that pitiful but common vice, which
makes us careful even to folly in what we
say, is by the current of this man's spirit,
rclling through us and forcing up ours,
swept away; and the night, the day, the
time, whenever it is, forms a bright spot in
cur history. It is from this, public meet
ings derive their interest and public opin
ion its force. We are sure of meeting .
some earnest men that will cheer us, give
thusus keener, fuller sensations, and one
or two beings, connected with the millions
by the mystic chains of sympathy, commu
nicate the fire of their own minds to every
man, until its powerful energy awakens
the dormant intellect of all.
OA toreltantotto.
Arts of Living,
The world is slow to change old habits,
after all; and sticks to them very obstinate
ly. In many of our arts of living, we
show a very great want of sagacity and
aptitude. We are the fortunate possesors
of a beautiful apparatus, and are too clum
sy to apply it properly to its purposes.—
This remark applies to our modes of doing
business in general. In trade and com
merce, publicity is the great element of
our success. And yet we sit down content
with a little of that indispensable element,
when we may have as much as we need of
it. We do not perceive, as clearly as we
should, that the late steam developments
have vastly enlarged every man's netgli
borhood : has brought within hailing dis
tance of him one hundred times the num
ber of customers he had before. Now, the
means of announcement that sufficed him in
the little old locality, will not answer for
the enlarged circle. He must use the
far-reaching voice of the press, if he desi
res to have the benefit of this happy change
in the times—if he is not too • dull to see
the advantages brought within his reach
and stretch out his hand to seize them.
The various arts of living which have
softened the manners and increased the
happiness of society, have been especially
aided and perfected by the operation of the
Press. In fact, without this, the discov
eries and improvements of social life would
be like a fleet of ships at sea, without a
breeze to blow them on their several errands.
The Press is the great worker of the Nine
teenth Century. Like the elephant—but
far beyond that powerful animal, which
can tear up or tear down trees with its
trunk, and also pick up a pin with it—the
Press can perform the most formidable as
well as the finest feats. It can annihilate
a royal dynasty; and it can flexibly address
itself to build up the fortunes of the hum
blest trader of a small country town.
lY The last dinner on board of a steam
er is generally a jolly one. Champagne is
usually supplied without charge, and the
bottles are rarely left unemptied. Speech
es are made; the Englishmen elaborately
complimenting the United States, and the
Americans in turn protesting that no na
tion ever can excel Great Britain. Old
travellers upon the ocean's highway assure
the company, amid the popping of corks
and the clinking of glasses, and cries of
"Hear! Hear!" that they really never be
fore met with such pleasant passengers;
and the healths of the queen and the pre
sident are drunk with tumultuous applause.
Then the passengers seem to suddenly
form themselves into a temporary Mutual
Admiration Society and say fine things of
each other, and praise the captain without
stint.
Science and Art.
Sugar from Indian Corn and Oil of
Vitriol.—The following from the N. Y.
Sun will be interesting to our readers ;
A patent has been granted at Washing
ton, for a process of making sugar out of
corn, which, though familiar to all chem
ists, is doubtless novel to most of our rea
ders. A quantity of corn meal is placed
in a boiler, to which is added nearly an
equal quantity, by measure, of water, to
gether with a small proportion of common
oil of vitriol, or sulphuric acid. The mix
ture is then boiled at a very high tempera
ture, when common brown sugar is produ
ced, held in solution, of course, with the
acid. A quantity of common chalk is now
thrown in, which has the effect to remove
the vitriol from the sugar, the vitriol uni
ting to the chalk, and falling with it as
sediment to the bottom of the boiler. The
liquid sugar is then drained off into anoth
er vessel, boiled down to molasses and fi
nally crystalized and clarified in the usual
manner. We imagine that anoperating
apparatus placed in the World's Fair, and',
turning out lumps of sugar made of corn''
and vitriol, would have made the "rest of
mankind" conclude that the Yankees had
a compact with the witches, or some other
supernatural power. The patentee of this
process is Mr. George Riley, of this city.
Sugar may be produced in the same
manner, from common starch, corn stalks,
and other fibrous substaces. The process
affords a fine example of what chemists call
Catalysis. Though sugar is produced, yet
the nature and strength of the vitriol is not
a whit altered, neither is the original quan
ltity diminished. The same vitriol would,
therefore, suffice to convert an indefinite
amount of meal into sugar.
We hoiiit the day is not far distant when
more attention will be paid to the subject
of chemistry as a branch of education than
it now receives in most of our common
schools. Though the process above de
scribed seems wonderful, it is no more
strange than the phenomena presented by
the combitstiOa of a' talkie, candle. How
few know that a tallow candle is, .in eire.ct;
a gas light, the melted tallow, or carbon;
being, raised by capillary attraction to the
centre of the flame, which being hollow,
forms a retort wherein the tallow is sub
jected to an immense heat, and thus con
verted into illuminating gas, in precisely
the same manner as the carbon in the huge
retorts at the gas manufactory is turned
into gas.
RAWEPLD AIR ENOINRS.—We have
alluded to an importand experiment, now
being made by Capt. ErriScon, sustained,
it is said, by the capital of an English house.
It is to double the pressure of the air, by
au increase of 480 degrees of heat: the
heat being produced by a very small quan
tity of fuel. This rarefied air is td drive a
piston in a large cylinder, and this piston
is to give motion to the water-wheels of a
steamer. We find in a late English paper
the following paragraph, which looks like
the same kind of an experimens
_ _ _
"The proprietors of railways will be glad
to hear of Mr. Parsey having clearly dem
onstrated the practicability of his com
pressed air-locomotive. The expense of
coke is very great for the production of
steam power, while the expense of coal for
the production of air-power will be much
less, and the expense of water for locomo
tives will be altogether saved. The ex-,
pence of tubes and fire boxes will also be
taken away. The first experiment of this
invention took place on the 25th ult., the
second on the 2d inst., on the junction a,
few miles below Cambridge, on the Eastern'.
Counties Railway. The engine was charg
ed to only 175 lbs. in the reservoir, and
ran 51 miles in 28 minutes, the speed be
ing varied from 12 to 15 miles per hour.—
A higher speed was attainable by increasing
the working pressure of the regulator."
MAOGINE FOR PICKING STONES—There
is no end to inventions. One could hardly
believe that the reaping and mowing; ma
chines would perform their work until he
had seen it done with his own eyes. Then
there is the machine for cutting enormous
blocks of marble with toothless saws, and
for hawing granite with precision and ra
pidity. And now, after our back has ach
ed over many a thickly-strown field through
many a weary day, comes the machine for
picking stones. It is a largo cylinder on
a common axle and cart wheels containing
four rows of teeth or lifters. Gearing on
the hubs of the wheels and on the ends of
the cylinder gives the latter a rotary mo
tion' when the teeth pick up the stones
and deposit them in a box. When the
box is full, the sylinder is raised and the
load carried off and upset as from a com
mon cart. What shall wo have next?—
New England Farmer.
to- 'My son,' said an aflectionate moth
er to .her son, (who resided' at a distance,
and intended in a short time to get mar
ried,) 'you are very thin.'
'Yes, mother,' ho replied, 4 1 am ; and
when you see me next, I think you may see
my rib.'
Female Captain.
A late number of the Glasgow Post
gives the following account of a feminine
ship captain who has for many years com
manded one of her father's ships sailing
from the Clyde:
"A fleet of ships was lately wind-bound
in Lamlash Bay, and among thud," says
The Post, "was the good Cleotus, of Salt
coats, which for more than twenty years
has been commanded by a heroic s.nd clev
er young lady, Miss Betsey Miller, daugh
ter of the late 'William Miller, Esq., ship
owner and merchant of that town. He
was concerned with several vessels both in
the American and coasting trade—Miss
Betsey before she went to set, acted as
'ship husband' to her father; and seeing
how the captains in many cases behaved,
her romantic and adventurous spirit impel
led her to go to sea herself. Her father
gratified her caprice, and gave her the
command of the Cleotus, which she holds
to the present day, and she has weathered
the storms of the deep when many com
manders of the other sex have been driven
to. : .pieces on the rocks. Her position and
attitudes on the quarter-deck in a gale of
wind arc often spoken of and would do
credit to an admiral. We must not omit
to state that during the long period of
this singular young lady's diversified voy
aging, no seamen of her crew, or officer un
'der her command, could speak otherwise
of her than with the greatest respect.—
The Cleotus is well known in the ports of
Belfast, Dublin, Cork, &e. She has often
been driven into this lock, and is familiarly
known by the rude Highland boatmen as
the ship with the she captain."
Tobacco.
Las Casas "did not see what relish or
benefit" men could find in the practice;
and in this he was imitated by the various
sovereigns of Europe, who were nearly all as
much astonished as he was, but far more
indignant, when their subjects began to
puff. Kings, who are indignant, and have
sufficient power,are apt to express their feel
big pretty strongly: It is well known that
King James 1. was rio seanagized at tiro'
progress of tobacco in , Ragland that he
v:rote and published a book against it, the
filthous "Counterblaste," in which he de
clared smoking "a custome loathsome to
the eye, hateful to the nose, harmful to the
braine, dangerous to the lungs, and in the
black stinking fume thereof neerest resem
bling the horrible Stigian smoake of the
pit that is bottomless." Other princes
were still more emphatic,—as the Grand
Duke of Moscow, (the predecessor of the
Emperors of Russia) and the Schah of Per
sia, one of whom ordered the noses of smo
kers to be cut off, another their heads. The
cultivation of tobacco was punished, in
some countries, with the confiscation of es
tates; and Urban VIII imposed the penal
ty of excommunication on all who used it in
churches. Against all these impedi
ments tobaco made its way victoriously. Ty
ranny was conquered by a new tyranny and
the kings, finally yielding admitted the
"legitimacy" of a power greater than their
own and were glad, as they are still glad,
to owe a vast increase of their revenue to
a recognition of the right of Cohiba td share
allegiance of their loving people.
A Horse's Foot.
The foot of the horse is one of the most
ingenious and unexampled species of me
chanism in animal structure. The hoof
contains a series of vertical and thin laini
nie of horn, so numerous as to amount to
about five hundred, and forming a com
plete lining of it.
In this aro fitted as many lamina) belong
ing to the coffin bone; while both sets are
elstic and adherent. The edge of a quire
of paper inserted leaf by leaf into another
will convey a sttfficient ides. of the arrange
ment. Thus the weight Of the animal is
supported by as many elw:fic springs as
there arc lamina) in all the feet, amount
ing to about four thousand; distributed in
the most secure manner, since every spring
is acted on in an oblique direction. Such
is the contrivance for the safety of the ani
mal destined to carry greater weights than
those of his own body, and to carry those
also under the hazard of heavy shocks.
A Knowing Youth.
In New York, the other day, an Irish
man working at a forge, got a particle of
hot iron in his eye. While writhing in
pain, a boy stepped up to him and said
with great coolness, "Will you give me a
half dollar If I get that out of your eye?"
"I'll give you anything—l'll give you a
dollar." Away the boy ran, and came
back with a magnet, with which, in about
a minute, iie drew out the iron atom.—
Paddy winked his watery eyes, and swore
an oath of relief and :gratitude. Ile then
gave the operator the half dollar.
Mother!" said the poor fellow's sister,
who stood, by,' "them Yankee- chiltler
could do anything."
Why would a spider be a good
correspondent ' Because he drops a line
•
at every post.
(- 4 ,1
-9#-i;Onirnft)
How to treat a Wife,
First, get a wife; secondly, be patient.--
You may have great trials acid perplexities
in your business with the world; but do not,
therefore, carry to your home a clouded or
contract brow. Your wifo may have ma
ny trials, which, thojagh of less magnitude,
roe.Y have been as hard Lb bear. A kind,
conciliating word, a tender look, will do
wonders in chasing from her brow all
clouds of gloom. You oncountcr your dif
ficulties in the open air, fanned by heav
en's cool breezes; but your wife is often
shut in from these healthful influences, and
her health fails, arid her spirits lose their
elasticity. But oh! bear with her; she
has trials and sorrows to which you are a
stranger, but which your tenderness can
deprive of all their anguish. Notice
kindly her little attentions and efforts to
promote your comfort. Do not take th'pm
all as a matter of course, and 'pass then
by, at the same time being very sure to
observe any omission of what you may con
sider duty to you. Do not treat her with
indifference, if ycu would not sear and
palsy her heart, which, watered by kind
ness, would, to the latest day of your exis
tence, throb with sincere and constant af
fection. Sometimes yield your wishes to
hors. She has preferences as strong as
you, and it may be just as trying to yield
her choice as to you. Do you find it hard
to yield sometimes? Think you it is not
difficult for her to give up always? If you
never yield to her wishes, there is danger
that she will think you aro selfish,and care
only for yourself; and with such feelings
she cannot love as she might. Again.
show youreelf manly, so that your wife can
look up to you, and feel that you will act
nobly, and that she can confide in your
judgement.
Fever and Bed-Curtains.
The ease with which sick people conjure
up spectres, and convert a yard of paper
hangings into a menagerie of double-breast
ed baboons, has caused a very sensible wri
ter to drop the following hints :
“While we are well, we ought to remem
ber that we, and those belonging to us,
shall sometime or other be ill, and it is just
as well to arrange the sleeping rooms of our
houses so as to give every advantage to in
valids, when the day of sickness comes.—
It is of no consequence to the healthful,
perhaps, how their beds stand; but ti may
make the difference to a sick person, of fe
ver or tranquility, of sleep or no sleep,
whether his bed stands, as it should do,
North and South, or East and West; and
whether the window is opposite the foot of
I the bed, or in some less annoying direction.
In the same way we may never think of the
pattern on the wall of our room, while we
go to bed only to sleep and rise the moment
we awake; but it is certain that delirium in
fever cases has been precipitated, and that
frightful visions, or teasing images have
been excited by fantastic patterns on chintz
bed curtains, or on the hangings of the
walls. The paper for bed-rooms should be
of a rather light color, and of a pattern as
indefinite as can be had.”
Whoever has had "Typhus" will admit
the wisdom of these remarks.
Teaching and 'Training.
It is recorded of Dean Swift, that lic had
often been teaching his servant in vain to
close the library door, when she loft the
room. One day she entered her master's
study, and requested permission to go to
the marriage of a friend, a few miles into
the country, which was granted. The door,
as usual, was left open. .Annoyed at this,
the Dean permitted the girl to leave the
house several Minutes, and then told an
other servant to follow and say to her that
her master wished to speak with her•. She
reluctantly obeyed the stunmons, and re
turning in great haste, inquired what her
master wished to say. The Dean calmly
replied, "0, nothing in particular; shut the
door." What teaching had failed to do,
training in this instance fully accomplished,
for the door was ever afterwards promptly
closed.
. NOT VERY BALL—The Detroit Tribune
tells of a gentleman who was sitting at the
table of a very excellent lady who had
stewed pears on the table. lie took up one
of them, and clapping it in his mouth pull
ed at tile stem to get it out and leave the
pear in his mouth, but it was no go. After
twitching at it two or three times, he gave
it up in despair, and dropping it upon his
plate, remarked that the stem was put in
tight. Ott examination, however, he found
the pear to be nothing more nor less than
a mouse, which had unfortunately got
drowned in the preserve jar'
re Thorn in no book so cheap an a
newspaper; none asinteresting, because it
consists of a variety measured and in suita
ble proportions as to, tittle and quality.--
Being new every day or week, it invites to
habits pf reading, and it affords an easy way
of acquiring knowledge, so necessary to the
individual and the community.
VOL. 18, NO. 2.
youttio' Column.
Making a Needle; or how Peoplc
Help Each Other.
It is curious to think how many people
arc
,at work for you. "Me!" cries a little
girl; looking up from her hemming: "nobo
dy is at work for me, I am working for my
self."
Let us see. In order to furnish you
with the small pocket-handkerchief which
you are now hemming, the planter sowed
and gathered his cotton, the sailor carried
it to the manufacturer, the spinner and
weaver made it up into cloth, the shopkeep
er kept it in his store; so many et any rate,,
helped you to it. Then, the needle yd{i
are hemming with came thousands of miles,
besides employing a great many people to
make it in the first place. The child look
ed at her needle, so small, so slim, so sim
pie ..It's only a needle," she said. But
it takes a great while and many workmen
to make a needle.
Let us go to - 1 7 6g11e11d,. where our best,
needles come from, and take a peep into the
workshops. In going over the premises,
we must pass hither and thither, and walk
into the next street and back again, gira
take a drive to a mill, in order to see the
whole process. We find one chamber of
the shop is hung round with coils of bright,
wire, of all thicknesses, from the stout Eta ,
tied for cod-$,613 h6oktOt", VA-A, for the fi
neet cambric needles. In a room below,
bits of wire, the length of two needles, are
cut by a vast pair of shears, fixed in the
wall. A bundle has been cut: the bits
need straightening, for_ they came off from
coils. The bundle ie tb;own into .a red hot
furnace, then taken out and rolled back
wards and forwards on a table until the
wires are straight. This process is called
"rubbing straight."
We now ride over to a mill. There is a
miller peeping out at us. One end of his
mill is for grinding flour, the other for
grinding needles. We go down into the
basement, and find a needle-pointer seated
on his bench. He takes up two dozen or
so of the wires, and rolls them between his
thumb and fingers, with their ends on th
grind-stone, first one end then the other.—
We have now the wires straight, and point
ed at both ends. Back to the workshop.
Here is a machine which liattdtfs and
tare; the heads of ten thousand needles au
hour. ObservC tl:c little gutter at the
head of your bindle.. Nest ,conies the
punching of the eyes, and. the boy who, does
it punches eight thousand in an hour: and
he does it so fast., your cycuan hsrdly keep
pace with him. The spitting follows, which
is running a fine wire through a dozen per
haps of these twin needles; a woman with a
little anvil before her, files between the
heads and separates them.
They are now a complete needle, but
rough and rusty, and stliat.is worse, they
are so limber as to bend with a touch. A.
pretty poor needle, you will say. But the
hardening comes next. They are heated
in batches in a furnace, and when red hot
are soused in a pan of cold water. Next,
they must be tempered, and this is done by
rolling them backwards and forwards on a
Eot metal plate. , The. polishing still re
mains to be done, and to ;see:this we must
go back to the mill. On a very comae
cloth, which lies upon another coarse cloth,
needles are spread to the number of forty..
or fifty themso.nd. Emery dust is strewed
over them, oil is sprinkled and soft soap
daubed by spoonfuls over the cloth; the
cloth is then rolled hard up, and with sev
eral others of the same kind, thrown into
a sort. of wash-pot to roll to and fro for 12
hours or more. They ewe ottt dirty
enough, but afteru rinsing in clean Ipot
water and a tossing in sawdust, they look,
as bright as can be, and are ready to be
sent to the manufactory, where they are
sorted and put .up for sale. But the sort
ing and the doing up in papers,. you may
imagine, is quite a work by itself. •
Enough has been told you to see how
various are the branches of industry, and
that even to furnish so handy and common
tilittle instrument as the needle, how. 9ruch
labor is necessary, and how wany.siqtkuiet
are employed. It should make no humble
also, to see how dependent we are upon one
another. While the bird, the cat, ankall
inferior animals are supplied with ready
made clothing, and need no.belp from each
other, we cantibt live comfortably 8, day
without being ministered to by - hundreds.
whom wo have never seen. This great law
of mutual dependence should help to im
press upon us those precious lessons of
brotherly love taught us in the gospel.,
ae -
it makes wonderfully sjgnifieent tho whole
hearted rule of th:3 apostle, "Do good to
all men, as ye have opportunity."
LC:" %nal, is wit A .suurkling haver
age that is highly exhiliratiug and agree,
able when taken at the e,r9enso of ethers,
but wile!' ustA.;it. unr owu eost..it become;
bitter and unplciasant.
• The. retaedy of to-morrow too late
for the f - Jvil of to-day.