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aZiCIL) ci:PLICSIr3 LIE Et
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Alexandria, April 1, 1840.
t -,
(;zAillx - iittqbon
POLITICAL
not. STEV ENS , SPEECH
We are indebted to the Hon. THADDEUS STE
VENS for copies of his late speech in Congress,
on the California question. He discusses first,
the right of Congress to legislate for the Terri.
tories, and vindicates it. In this connexion he
rune foul of Gen. Cass' doctrine, which "denies
to Congress the least power over the Territo
ries," and says:—
' , lt is only since our dismemberment
of the Mexican Empire, that this ques
tion has been opened, and found able and
apparently sincere statesmen to deny
the power.
Those who, half a century hence, shall
be led to examine the archives of the
nation, will naturally inquire what new
light had been shed on this subject—
what new event had happened to disturb
this well settled opinion. It may possi
bly be found, that even in this free and
enlightened Republic, men, statesmen
and demagogues, were actuated by the
same cupidity, lust of power and office,
which governed the people of the old and
corrupt nations of the world: That an
independent nation, without treaty and
without warrant in the Constitution, by
the mere act of Congress, was corruptly
admitted into this confederacy for the
avowed purpose of extending the do
minion of slavery ; and that California
and New Mexico were acquired for the
same object. But that it was - found that
Congress, unexpectedly to the South,
was determined to exclude slavery from
them ; and had actually passed a bill
through the House of Representatives;
and it was lost in the Senate only for
want of time. Then southern statesmen
discovered that the only chance they
had of carryi: g out their original design
was to deny the power of Congress to
pass such a law. They abandoned the
position assumed by themselves, and by
the prescription of sixty years, and bold
ly assumed this new attitude.
..But to be successful they must bring
Northern aid to this new doctrine. -
They put in requisition the means which
before had always availed them—the
political weight of slavery. A Presi
dential election was approaching. He,
alone, who was willing to receive this
new light, and surrender his conscience
to its illuminntion; could receive their
support. Among the most. prominent
of the aspirants to that high office, was
a gentleman of distinguished talents, of
great scientific and legal attainments,
who had reached the mature age of
three score years end ten. Hewes par
ticularly versed in the Constitution and
laws which regulate the Territories.—
He had grown up with them. He had
filled several offices and among them
the highest in territorial Government
established by Congress. He acknow
ledged the exclusive power of Congress
over them, and its power to exclude
slavery from them. Ile was prepared
to vote for the Wilmot Proviso, and ex
pressed great regret that he was depri
ved of the opportunity by n debate which
was protracted to the end of the session
of 1847. There seemed but little' hope
that his judgment, thus matured, his
opinion formed with care, and consoli
dated by the action of a long life,
could
ever be so changed as to entitle him to
Southern support. But miracles have .
not ceased in the moral whatever may
be the case in the physical world.—
Southern alchemy was applied; straight
way a shaking was seen among the dry
bones, and he stood up regenerated, if.
laminated and transformed. The scales
fell from his ancient eyes, and he saw
bright visions. Ile now denies to Con.
gress the least power over the Territo
ries! To vindicate, not his consistency,
for that is hopeless, but his honesty, he
has devoted thirty odd mortal pages of
a speech, to show the error indulged in
for the last sixty years by Congresses,
by Presidents, by Supreme Courts, by
Constitutional writers, and by himself.
ill shall not attempt to follow his la
bored argument, especially as very few
of his southern allies now endorse it.—
All, however, must feel sincere regret
that he changed his opinion under such
peculiar circumstances."
After arguing this point with a power which
can easily be conceived by all who are acquaint
ed with the talents of the Speaker, Mr. STE
VENS proceeds to consider the power of Congress
to prohibit or establish slavery in the Territo
ries. Here he in part agrees with, and in part
differs from Mr. CLAY, concurring with that
distinguished statesman that Congress has the
right to prohibit, but denying, in contradiction
to him, that it can establish slavery therein:—
He then proceeds to consider the Southern doc
trine that "Slavery is a blessing." On this
point he makes the following references to cer
tain members who had assailed him for his as
saults upon Slavery in a previous speech:—
"When ! ventured some time since to
give my opinion freely of the real con
dition and evils of slavery, expected to
be assailed by the defenders , of that in
HUNTINGDON, PA., TUESDAY, JULY 16, 1850.
stitution. While that greatest, most
honest, and most fearless of modern
statesmen, who was stricken down by
death in this hall, was almost unaided,
defending human rights, and denoun
cing the horrors of human slavery, we
saw him, from year to year, the object
of the bitterest personal abuse in this
House, and by the slave press every
where. No motives were too foul' to
impute to him ; no crimes too atrocious
to charge upon him. It was sought to
expel him from this body; and it was
prevented only by his own gallant de
fence. Sir, I trust it will not be suppo
sed that I have the vanity to expect to
be touched by any of the rays of that
glory which will forever surround his
name, on account of the calumnies, the
insults and the persecutions which he
endured in this high and holy cause.—
But if I could indulge such hopes, gen
tleman from the South, and those who
are no gentlemen from the North, are
kindly contributing to my ambitious as
pirations. My late speech has been
deemed of sufficient importance to at
tract attention, not to it, but to its auth
or. Sir, our acts and our remarks here
are legitimate subjects of c3mment and
rigid examination ; at.d when any hum
ble effort of mine shall receive such no
tice in the only tvay which gentlemen
will pursue, it will give.ma pleasure to
retract what I am convinced is wrong,
and calmly to defend the rest, however
severe may be the criticism.
"1 do not remember one of the numer
ous gentlemen who have referred to my
remarks, who has attempted to deny
one of the facts or refute one of the ar
guments; they have noticed them mere
ly to vituperate their author. To such
remarks there can be no reply by him
who is not willing to place himself on a
level with blackguards. 1 cannot enter
that arena. 1 will leave the filth and
the slime of Billingsgate to the fish-wo
men, and to their worthy co-adjutors,
the gentleman from Virginia, (Mr. Mill.
son,) from North Carolina, (Mr. Stan
ley,) from Kentucky, (Mr. Stanton,)
from Tennessee, (Mr. Williams,) ad
all that tribe. With them 1 can have
no controversy. When I want to com
bat with such opponents and such weap
ons, I can find them any day by enter
ing the fish market, without defiling this
hall.
"I beg those respectable fish ladies,
however, to understand that I do not in
clude my colleague from Bucks County,
(Mr. Ross,) among thc4e whom I deem
fit to be their associates. I would not
so degrade them.
"There is in the natural world, a lit
tle, spotted, contemptible animal, which
is armed by nature with a fwtid, volatile,
penetrating virus, which so pollutes
whoever attacks it, as to make him of
fensive to himself and all around him
for a long time. Indeed, he is almost
incapable of purification. Nothing, sir,
no insult shall provoke me to crush so
filthy a beast !
"Mr. Chairman, I crave your pardon
for this unprofitable digression. I trust
I shall never be betrayed into a similar
one, even to brush off these invading
vermin."
Returning to the consideration of Slavery as
n "blessing," Mr. STEVENS inquires why, if
that be true, it should be confined exclusively to
the African race 7 and in reply to the suggestion
that the white is not fitted to enjoy that condi
tion like the white man, says :—."Certainly, at
first, it will be so. But let not that discourage
him. Ile may soon become so." This he fol
lows up with the following racy paragraph:—
"I will not Ey into a discussion as to
the original identity and equality of the
human race. lam not learned in those
things, nor, unfortunately, in any other.
But I appeal to the learned men of this
House, the gentleman from Alabama,
(Mr. Hilliard,) from 'Massachusetts,
(Mr. Mann,) from Vermont, (Mr. Meech
am,) to say if the ethnological research
es of the pest and present ages—wheth
er drawn from the physiology or the
philology of tribes and nations of men—
do not all corroborate the recorded fact
that "He haat made of one blood all na
tions. of men ;" and that their present
great variety in color, form sa d intel
lect, is the effect of climate, habits, food
and education. Let not the white man
therefore despair on account of the mis
fortune of his color. Homer tells us
that the moment a man becomes a slave
he loses half the man ; and a few short
years of apprenticeship will expunge all
the rest except the faint glimmerings of
an immortal soul. Take your stand,
therefore, courageously, in the swamp,
spade and mattock in hand, and, uncov
ered, half naked, toil beneath the burning
sun. Go home to your but at night,
and sleep on the bare ground, and go
forth in the morning unwashed to your
daily labor, and a few short years, or a
generation or two at most, will give you
a color that will pass muster in the most
fastidious and pious slave market in
Christendom. Your shape will also
gradually conform to your condition.—
Your parched and swollen lips will as.
sume a chronic and permanent thick
ness of the moat approved style, Your
feet unconfined by shoes, and accustom
ed to a manly soil, will shoot out behind
and sideways until they will assume the
most delightful symmetry of slavery.—
Deprived of all education, cut off from
all ambitious aspirations, your mind
would soon loose all foolish and per.
plextng desires for freedom ; and the
1 whole man would be sunk into a most
happy and contented indifference. And
all these faculties, features and color
would descend to your fortunate poster.
ity : for no fact is better established
than that the accidental or acquired
qualities of body or mind are transmis
sible or hereditary. True, ycur de
scendants will be black, stupid and ugly.
But they would only be so many incon
testible proofs of their natural right and
fitness for the enjoyment of this state of
moral, political and personal happiness.
The tone and tenor of the speech is strongly
anti-Slavery throughout. The pop-guns of Lo
cofo,oism, who glory in the feat of "firing pock
et pistols at the rock of Gibraltar," will no
doubt discharge themselves in full platoon at its
author; but there Is a stern, sturdy, defiant
Northern spirit about it which shames their
doughfaceism, and has taught the arrogant slave
power that there are men who dare to beard it
to its face, and who can lash •it with a severer
instrument than the overseer's whip.
MISCELLANEOUS
Murder of Smith O'Brien.
The following bold exposure of the cruelties
practiced upon Smith O'Brien, and denunCiation
of British tyranny, from the Dublin Nation of
June Ist, must thrill the heart of every Ameri
can, of every lover of liberty and worshipper
of heroism. Alas that Ireland can produce only
writers and talkers :
If there be tenderness in the women,
and rage enough in the men, left in Ire
land, there is news to-day to flood the
land with tears; to fill the air with cur
ses. They are killing Smith O'Brien
by slow murder, in Maria Island. We
have been silent for two weeks, believing
that his aristocratic and parliamentary
friends would interpose effectually on
his behalf, as they promised to do. But
they have paltered with his interest, ru
ining it with faint, hesitating help, and
quenching hope among those who were
manlier and more devoted. Meantime
a voice of remonstrance is again heard
across the ocean, demandingos O'Brien
to be murdered 1" Cruelties the most
terrible—cruelties which it tnaddens to
think of, and shames to mention—are
inflicted on this defenceless inan by the
executioner of British vengeance. He
is caged in the closest solitary confine
ment. His food is scanty and loath
some. He had no comforts, no atten
dance. He never sees the fare, nor
hears the voice of a friend. He is deni
ed the requisite decency. For months
he has not been allowed a change of rai
ment, or permitted to change his dress.
This will be questioned, disputed, dis
belived. No wonder : for it is mon
strous and incredible. But we write
every syllable of it on the authority of
one as incapable of falsehood or exag
geration as of murder. It is the literal
truth. In solitude, in privation, in filth,
lives this Irish gentleman—this noble
man—who lost liberty, home, family—
all—for Ireland. Nor is this the whole.
In the foul den where he is thrust, like a
chained reptile, one generous girl, of the
age of ten years, daughter of the Gov
ernor, sought with the instinctive char
ity of her sex, to solace the captive's
care and lighten his suffering by kindly
offices : and forthwith, on pain of new
privation. O'Brien was forbidden ever to
speak to her again. He lost this inno
cent familiar, whose childish beauty and
guilelessness, perhaps, spoke to his fath
er's heart of the orphaned darlings who
wept for him at home. What -multi
tudes have melted into tears over this
very incident, in the prison relations of
Silvio Pellico ! And here we have it
re-inacted in the life of a man from whom
no creature ever suffered a wrong.—
These atrocities are inflicted by the
Governor of Maria Island ; an official,
whose brutality has earned for him, in
the colony, the title of “The black Ser
pent ;" a tyrant, whose name is a terror,
and whose presence is despair to the
hapless vietitns of his infernal cruelty.
In this monster's power—tortured, out
raged, maddened—lives your country.
man, the son of your kingliest house;
'the generous patriot who fought and fell
for you and us all. Is this law 1 is this
justice 1 Who is so brutal here as to
defend such barbarity 1 What partisan
of British rule—what representatives of
British authority—dare stand up in these
islands and vindicate this dark coward
ly, and hellish persecution 1
Does the law of God justify it 1"
Does the law of man ordain it 1 Will
the people of England sanction it
Am/44
Will the people of Ireland endure•it I
It is a crime horrible enough to provoke
the indignation of humanity. What won
der if the burning manhood of Ireland
arose in arms against the government
that thus sins against justice and our
race—that thus murders by slow death
a dear brother—the stainless, heroic
champion of our liberty.
Men of Ireland—and let God and men,
and time and eternity, witness the swim
nity and truth of our invocation !
whether you be Protestants or Catho
lies—whether you are ranged beneath
the green flag of our fathers, or under
the crimson banner of St. George—
whether you desire Irish independence
or cherish a union with England, your
sacred duty is identical. You must In
terfere, and save tins ntan's life: for we
tell you, both arc threatened, We say
this advisedly. No humane constancy
can long withstand the torturing cruel
ty O'Brien suffers. No bodily stret.gth
can triumph over the privations O'Brien
endures. If you will not be accomplices
in the murder which is designed—if you
would not have O'Brien's blood red in
judgment on your souls—we say to you,
interfere. Denounce this iniquity. Ter
minate this dread agony. Expostulate
with this cruel, tnaligant, assassin gov
ernment. Save this man from death, or
worse than death. These tidings have
produced a profound impression in Dub
lin. They have excited intense indig
nation. A committed is being formed
of men of all parties; and, if we have
not mistaken Irish hearts there will be
a denunciation that shall ring through
the land like the judgment peal—s re
monstrance which it n ill not be prudent
for any government to despise, or 'safe
for any government to disobey.
We hear, indeed, that the Queen of
England, comes to Ireland again this
summer—comes for the ovation that
monarchs love from petted slaves. But
we warn her and her minister's, that 9s
surely as she sets her foot on Irish soil,
while O'Brien is thus tortured and de
' graded, so surely, wherever she turns,
shall it be thundered in her ears, as a
melediction—so surely shall his blood
be flouted in her face. This promise
we will see fulfilled.
The Sun's Distance from the Earth.
It will be recollected that Congres, at
the last session, appropriated a sum of
money to send a scientific expedition to
the Wrest Coast of South America, for
the purpose of making astronomical ob
servations to determine, if possible, the
sun's distance from the earth with great
er accuracy than has heretofore been
done. The distance is generuliy believ
ed to be about ninety five millions of
miles; though some observations have
made it not more than ninety millions.
A gentleman, in this city who hits
discovered a new mode of determining
by the laws of motion, the mean distance
at which gravita ing bodies shall revolve
around each other, has mule the calcu
lotion upon his principles, and finds the
distance from the centre of the earth to
the centre of the sun to be 92,287,598
miles, (ninety-two millions two hundred
and eighty-five thousand, five hundred
and ninety eight miles.) In this calcu
lation which requires but a few min
utes labor, he takes the diameter of the
earth at the most commonly received
measurement, 9212 miles. The gentle
man from which we derive the above
particulars has examined the calculations
alluded to, and discovers no mistake in
them. He se, s, "The fact that his (the ,
inventors) method, which is entirely in
dependent of all astronomical observa
tions, and calculations, comes to a result
which is nearly a medium of the dis
tance, heretofore found by observations
is in itself almost a demonstration that
his principles are correct, and if correct
he has certainly made a most wonderful
and important discovery. We trust the
scientific world will ere ion! , receive
more light on the subjeet."—Jr. Y. Com.
TAVERN INCIDENT.- , . What are you
about you black rascal ! Twice have
you roused me from a sound sleep to tell
me that breakfast is ready, and now
you've awoke me by attempting to pull
ofT the bed clothes ! lint the duce do
you mean'!" Why Massa if you isn't
goin' to git up, I must hab de sheet any
how, case dey'r tvaiten for de table clof !"
AN OBLIGING JUSTICE.—Many years
ago, in Conneticut, a certain Justice wns
called to liberate a worthless debtor, by
receiving his oath that he was not worth
£5.
Well, Johnny," said the Justice, as
he entered,"can you swear that you are
not worth £5, and never will be 1"
" Why," answered the other, rather
chagirned ut that question. "I can
swear that I am not worth that amount
at present."
" Well, well," returned the Justice,
"I can swear to the rest—so step onward
Johnny."
VOL. XV, NO. 28.
The Pipe and the Cigar.
The habit of smoking, is, we believe
one of the most injurious us it is one of
the most seductive in the world. Dr.
Ilaycock asserts with truth, that it has
the must baneful effects upon the stom
ach, the lungs, the heart, the brain, and
the nervous system. ahe tobacco con
sumed by habitual smokers varies from
half an ounce to twelve ounces per week ;
the usual quantity from two to thre oun
ces. Inveterate cigar smokers will con
sume from four to five dozen per week.
The first morbid result is, au inflarnma•
tory condition of the mucous membrane
of the lips and tongue, then the tonsils
and pharynx stiller, the tnucous mem
brane becoming dry and congested. If
the thorax be examined well, it will be
found slightly swollen with congestive
veins meandering over the surface, and
here and there a streak of mucous.—
The action of tobacco-smoking on the
heart is depressing, and some individu
als, who feel it in this organ more than
others, complain of an uneasy sensation
about the left nipple, a distressed feel
ing, not amounting to faintness, but al
lied to it. The action of the heart is
observed to be feeble and irregular. An
uneasy feeling is also experienced in or
beneath the pectoral muscles, and often
er on the right side than the left. On
the brain, the use of tobacco appears to
diminish, the rapidity of cerebral action
and check the flow of ideas through the
mind. It differs from opium and hen
bane, and rather e,cites to wakefulness,
like green tea, than corn' l o,es to sleep;
induces a dreaminess wlAch leaves no
impression oa the inemiry, leaving in
great susceptibility, indicated by a trem
bling of the hands and irritability of
temper. Such are the secondary results
of smoking. So are.bluckness of teeth
and gum-boils. There is also a sallow
paleness of the complexion, and irreso
lutioness of disposition, a want of life
and energy, and in constant smokers,
who do not drink, a tendency to pulmo
nary phthisic. Dr. Wright of Briming
ham, in a communication to the author
fully corroborates his opinions; and
both agree that smoking produces gas
tric disorders, coughs, and inflammatory
affect:ons of the larynx and pharynx,
diseases of the heart and lowness of the
spirits, and in short, is very injurious
to the respiratory, alimentary, nervous
system.
A SHORT ORATION FOR THE FOURTH
OF JULY FOR UNPREPARED ORATORS.—A
Western orator being 'unexpectedly cal
led upon' at a 4th of July dinner, deliv
ered himself as follows:
Feller citizens—the great bird of
American liberty is dewed aloft, and
soarin' upon the wings of the wind, is
now hoverin' high o're the cloud capped
summits of the Rocky Mountains, and
when he shall have penetrated the un
known regions of unlimited spare; and
then shall have duv downward, lit on
daddy's wood pile, I.shall be led to ex
claim, in the grand, the terrific, the sub
lime language of Paul, the apostle, in
his celebrated epistle to the Aboriginees
little pig, or die!'
tri=-A schoolmaster in a country town,
as we-learn by an old paper, having by
his exertions in the school room, made
himself rather thirsty, opened his desk
to refresh himself with an apple, which
he had, not long before, deposited there.
To his disappointment it wasgone. Con
jecturing that his wife had purloined it,
he instantly despatched to her the fol
lowing:
7 , Your mother Eve an apple stole,
But ate It not alone;
She gave a part to that dear rout
Of whom she was the bone.
I'd have my Eve at least as kind;
I therefore beg, dear Madam,
You will another apple find,
And send it to your Adam.
How GLUTTONS ARE MADE.—"An ex
cessive and diseased appetite is com
monly created in earhest childhood,
which is never bully conquered. Does
its healthy instincts revolt against ban
dages ut hich are stifling out its life, or
an atmosphere which, through stagna
tion stud exhausting respiration has be
come noxious and insupportable, it cries
are hushed with needless food. " * •
The sad result too comet• nly is that the
child arrives at the knowledge of good
and evil—if it be so fortunate or unfor
tunate as to survive the severe probation
of infancy at all—completely depraved
in all its instincts—a ready mady sen
sualist—n miniature glutton."—Greeley.
DIDN'T WANT TO tio.--A Jerseyman
was very sick and was not expected to
recover. His friends got uround his
bed, and one of them says—
John, do you feel willing to die 1"
"John "made an effort" to give his
views, on the subject, and answered Aral-.
his feeble voice--
"I—think—l'd rather stay—w,;lere
I'm—better nerinninted."