HVNTI)GDO) JOUR AL
a:
BY JAMES CLARK :]
VOL, XII, NO. 16.
ga 4 CIDIPMEEISEI.
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POETICAL.
SONG OF THE EDITOR.
An editor eat in his office one night,
Resting his wearied hand,
Though, alas! for him, no visions bright
Would come at his command.
But ho thought of the coming day,
With its over recurring care,
His voice it uttered a mournful lay
To his faithful old orm•chuir.
Write! write! write!
Was there ever such labor as mine ?
Write! write! write!
Paragraph, column and line.
At early dawn, at midnight dark,
:I'he lamp must yield its feeble spark ;
There is no leisure time for me,
A holyday I never ace.
Write! write tvritc !
Was there ever ruch labor as mine!
Write! write! write!
Paragraph, column, and line,
Whnt though the carc•Worn brow may ache,
What though the tired arm may shake,
The lonely task I must purstto
anlious care, concealed front view,
Write! Write! Write!
Was there Ozer such labor as mine
Write! write! write!
Paragraph, column. mid
The rail for copy meets the
The estiCs hurried step is near
'lire temples throb—the eye-bulls pain,
And whirling thoughts flit through the brain,
Write ! write! write!
Was there ever such labor as mine I
Write! write ! write!
Paragraph, column, and line.
And oh ! of all the varied throng.
Who may peruse the colunme long,
How many glee a passing thought.
To all the care with Which they're fraught,
Or dream how weary is the head
Thus toiling fur the children's bread/
t MISCELLANEOUS.
PROFITS OF FARMING,
At an agricultural meeting in Massa•
chusctts recently, some remarks were
made by Mr. Calhoun, of Springfield, on
the profits of farming as compared with
other pursuits. The conclusion arrived
at was that farmers on the average suc4
eeed better than merchants j that if, by
way of experiment, one hundred men
should go into a city and trade, and one
hundred go to farming, at the end of
twenty years the hundred farmers would
be worth the most money. Mr. Calhoun
d referred to some facts, statistical and
;1 ether, to show the risks of mercantile
T business, and added, with regard to ag.
riculture:
Here is a foundation that may be built
on with more certainty than any other.
Yet young men are rushing into cities
to make their fortunes, It is all.impor•
tart that the facts which have here been
stated, now and at former meetings,
should be deeply impressed on young
minds. 11Ir. Brooks says 16 per cent
may be made on capital by any diligent
and systematic farmer. The Hon. John
Lowell said 18 per cent. All this may
7w be done by farming intelligently. He
had wondered that farmers generally
could get along so well as they actually
do in their careless mode of Farming,—
For himself, he had restored him. He
repeated his pleasure on hearing the nu ,
merous statements of the profits that
may be made in this business. One more
consideration should have much weight.
It had been truly stated by his venerable
friends from Framingham, (Maj. Wheel
' or) that this business naturally leads the
mind to contemplation, and to gratitude
to the Ruler of the Universe, to whom
farmers feel obliged to look for a bless
ing on their labors. No occupation so
directly leads the mind to reflection on
the works of creation. All that we eat,
, _ drink, and wear, comes from the ground.
In every view this occupation is impel ,
tent.
If the profits of farming in New tng•
land can be made to rise to eighteen per
cent. the advantages of our soil and ell=
mate ought to enable the farmers of
Maryland to realise a still higher rate.
The importance of bringing science to
the aid of agriculture is becoming more
generally appreciated now than former-
ly, and we hopd that the results already
realized may have the area of perfect
ing an alliance so pregnant with benefi
cent consequences, It would be easy to
make the eletaents of agricultural chem
istry a part of the course of instruction
in schools and academies, so far at least
as to teach how to analyze soils and learn,
their different natures.—Baltimore
rican
Capt. Smith's Bear Story.
About the year 1830 I settled at the
Lower Peach Tree, in Wilcox county ;
(Alab.) and cultivated a few acres in
corn and Cotton besides a small potato
patch and a bit of garden, as was usual
in those, dnysi My nearest neighbor
(John Chttinpion,) being better off than
the rest of us ; had a nice gang of hogs,
and feeling it little above his neighbors
on account of his wealth, and being ra. ,
ther an overbearing man, too ; was nut
particular whether his stock broke into
other people's fields or not, My crop
was too small to feed my own family
and'Jolin Champion's hogs too, so I corn ,
plalhed to him several times but got no
relief, when being at old Erasmus Cul
pepper's house one day, I heard hint say
that if a foot, or an ear, or even a piece
of bear skin was thrown down in a place
where hogs use they would never show
their snouts there again. I went home
and got the skin of a bear which I had
killed some time before, and having sup.
plied myself with some corn, I went out
and saw about twenty hogs munching
away in my field. I "tolled them up,"
and catching a good runner, sewed him
up in the bear skin, and then turned him
loose, when he ran after the rest, who
flew from the supposed bear. The last
We seen of them was at Bassett's Creek,
near forty miles from my house, only
two being aliVe==one running from his
fellow sewed up in the skin, and he try
ing to catch the other—the rest were
found dead in the road having literally
run themselves to death, It is useless
to add that John Champion's hogs staid
at home after that.—Newark Daily ./Itt.
verifier,
A Penn.'sTic GENERAL.--The New Or
leans Delta, relates the following story
about one of our volunteer brigades at
Monterey I
" The General happened one morning
to be present, dressed in rather a shabby
suit, where some teamsters were liar.
'tossing their horses, and not liking the
way in which they fixed things, in rather
an authoritative manner told them it
was all wrong, and they didn't know
what they were about. Thereupon, one
of the teamsters told the General that
he was an old ass, and had better go
about his business, with other compli
mentary phrases adapted to the occasion.
The General not used to let such com
pliments pass unnoticed, coolly took off
his coat, and said to the aggressive
teamster—" Now sir, you must fight !"
and pitching into him, they—the Gen
,
oral and the teamster—had a glorious
fight, but the General came off victo
rious, AnotheMeamster, who interfered
in the fight, was next walked into by the
General, and knocked into a cocked hat
in less than no time, it must have been
a salve to the mortified feelings of the
licked teamsters to discover, as they
very soon discovered, that they had been
very effectually whipped by a Brigadier
General in the United States Army."
rp A notorious scamp was brought
not long since before an Onondaga jus
tice of the peace, charged with the high
misdemeanor of gambling. He was ac
cused of having " come the strap game"
over a native. The portly justice, wish
ing to decide understandingly, request
ed the culprit to give him a sample of
his skill. "The party" instantly pro
duced a leather strap, gave it a scien
tific whisk across the bench, and remark,
ed—" You Nee, Judge, the quarter under
this strap 1" " What !" interrupted the
dignified functionary, " do you mean to
say that there is a quarter there r
" Sartin !" was the reply. "No such
thing,' said the justice. "I'll go you a
dollar on it," said the prisoner. 'Agreed!'
exclaimed " the bench," With accus
tomed adroitness the strap was with!
drawn, when to ! there Was the quarter!
" Well," said the astonished Shallow,
"1 wouldn't have believed it if I hadn't
seen it with my own eyes ! There is
your dollar I and you are fined jive deb
days for gambling contrary to the statute
in such case made and provided I" The
elongated countenance of the discomfit•
ed gambler required no additional evi
dence to testify his appreciation of "the
suck,"
trr The following passage from Job
Is said to illustrate, in some degree, the
Magnetie Telegraph
Canst thou send lightnings s tlint they
may go, and say unto thee, here we tire!"
Why is an avarious man variable I
Because he is fond of change.
CORRECT PRINCIPLES-SUPPORTED BY TRUTH,
HUNTINGDON, PA., APRIL 21, 1847.
CAPTURE OF VERA CRUZ.
orricsaL DESPATCHES,
HEAD-QUARTERS OF THE ARMY,
Cafap Washington before Vera Cruz,
MARCH 23, VW.
Siii—VeSterday i seven of bur ten inch
mortars ; being in battery, and thd labors
foe' phUlting the rettieitider of our heavy
metal being in prdgress, I addressed tit
2 o'cleck ; in., a summons to the Cho.
Verner of Vera CruM ; and within the two
hours limited by the bearer of the flag,
received the Governor's answer. Copies
of the two papers (marked respectively
A and B) are herewith enclosed.
It will - be perceived that the governor,
who, it turns out, is the commander of
both plttees, those, against the plain
terns of the summons, to suppose me to
have demanded the surrender of the cas
tle and of the city—when, in fact, from
the non-arrival of our heavy metal—
principally mortars—l was in no condi
tion to threaten the former.
On the return of the flag, with that
reply, I at once ordered the seven mor
tars, in battery, to open upon the city.
In a short time the smaller vessels of
Cointtiodore Perry's squadron-2 steam
ers and 0 sdoOners‘—according to pre
vious arrangement with him, approach
ed the city within about a mile and an
eighth, whence, being partially covered
froth the eriatle—an essential Condition
to their safety-they also opened a brisk
fire upon the city. This has been ton=
tinued, uninterruptedly, by the Mortars,
and only with a few intermissions, by the
vessels, up to nine o'clock this morning,
when the Commodore, very properly,
called them off' from a position too da
ringly assumed.
Our three remaining mortars are now
(12 o'clock, in.) in battery, and the whole
ten in activity. To-morrow, early, if
the city should continue obstinate, bat
teries Nos. 4 and 0 will be ready to add
their fire, No. 4, consisting of four 24-
pounders and two B.inch Paixhan guns,
and No. 5 (naval battery) of three 32-
pounders and three 8-inch Paixhans—
the guns, officers and sailors landed from
the squadron—our friends of the navy
being unremitting in their zealous co
operation, in every mode and form.
So far, we know that our fire upon the
city has been highly effective—particu
larly from the batteries of 10. inch mor
tars, planted at about 800 yards from
the city. Including the preparation and
defence of the batteries, from the begin
ning—now many days—and nottvith.
standing the heavy fire of the enemy,
from city and eastle—tve have only had
four or five then wounded, and one offi
cer and one man killed, in or near the
trenches. That officer was Captain John
R. Vinton, of the U. S. 2d artillery, one
of the most talented, accomplished and
active members of the army, and who
was highly distinguished in the brilliant
operations at Monterey. He fell, last
evening, in the trenches, where he was
on duty as field and commanding officer,
universally regretted. I have just at ,
tended his honored remains to a soldiers'
grave—in full view of the enemy, and
within reach of his guns.
Thirteen of the long needed mortars
—leaving twenty-seven, besides heavy
guns, behind—have arrived, and two of
them landed. A heavy norther then set
in (at meridian) that stopped that opera
tion and also the landing of shells. Hence
the fire of our mortar batteries has been
slackened, since two o'clock to-day, and
cannot be re-invigorated until we shall
again have a smooth sea. In the mean
time I shall leave this report open for
journalizing events that may occur up
to the departure of the steamship of
war, the Princeton, with Commodore
Connor, who, I learn, expects to leave
the anchorage off Sacrificios, for the U.
States, the 25th inst.
March 24.—The storm having subsi
ded in the night, we commenced this
forenoon, as soon as the sea became
smooth, to land shot, shells and mor
tars.
The naval battery, No. 6, was open
ed with great activity, under Capt. Au
lick, the second in rank of the squad
ron, at about 10 A. M. His fire was
continued to 2 o'clock, P. M., a little
before he was relieved by Capt. Mayo,
who landed with a fresh supply of am
munition, Capt. A. having exhausted the
supply he had brought with him. He
lost four sailors killed, and had one offi
cer, Lieut. Baldwin, slightly hurt. •
The mortar batteries, Nos. 1, 2 and 3,
have tired but languidly during the day,
for want of shells, which arc now going
out from the beach. _
The two reports of Col. Barikhead,
chief of artillery, both of this date, co
pies of which I enclose, give the inci
dents of those three batteries.
Battery No. 4, which will mount four
'24-pounders, and two 8-inch Paixhan's
guns, has been much delayed in the
hands of the indefatigable engineers by
the titirther that filled up the work with
sand nearly its fast as it could be open
ed by the half-blinded laborers. It will,
however, doubtless be in full dctivity
early to-rtiorro* tatirning;
March 25.—The Prineetoti being a.:
bout to start for Philadelphia, I have but
a moment to continue this reports
All the batteries, Nos. 1,2, 3, 4 and
5, are in awful activity this moaning.
The effect is, no doubt, very great, and
I think the city cannot hold out beyond
to-day. To-morrow morning flatly Of
the new mortars will be in a position to
add their fire, when, or after the delay
of some twelve hours, if no propdsition
to surrender should be received, I shall
organize parties for carrying the city by
assault. So far the defence has been
spirited and obstinate:
I enclose a copy of a memorial re
ceived last night, signed by the consuls
of Great Britain, France, Prussia ; and
Spain, within Vera Cruz, asking me to
grant a truce to enable the neutrals,
.to
gether with Mexican women and ehild=
ren, to withdraw from the scene of havoc
about them. I shall reply, the moment
that an opportunity may be taken, to say
—l. That a truce can only be granted
on the application of Governor Morales,
with a view to a surrender; 2. That in
sending safeguards to the different con
suls, beginning as far back as the 13th
inst., I distinctly admonished them—
particularly the French and Spanish con
suls--and; of course, through the tiVo,
the other cohsuls.-Of the dangers that
have followed ; 3. That although, at that
date, I had already refused to allow any
person whatsoever to pass the line of
investment either way ; yet the &Ault
had beta left open to the consuls and
other neutrals to past out to their res
pective ships of war up to the 22d inst.;
and 4th. I shall inclose to the memori.
alists a copy of my summons to the gts ,
vernor, to show that I had fully eotisi
dered the impending hardships and dis
tresses of the place, including those of
women and children, before one gun had
been fired in that direction. 'I he inter-
Course betitreth the neutral ships of War
and the city was stopped at the last men
tioned date by Commodore Perry, with
my concurrence, which I placed on the
ground that that intercourse could not
fail to give to the enemy moral aid and
comfort.
It will be seen from the memorial,
that our batteries have already had a
terrible effect on the city (also known
through other sources), and hence the
inference that a Sarre/ier must soon be
proposed. In haste,
I have the honor to remain, sir, with
high respect, your most obedient ser
vant, WINFIELD SCOTT.
Ho' n.W. L. Marcy, Secretary of War:
litiiiciumiTtits a Tim AkMV
OF TILE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Camp 'Washington, before Vera
Cruz, March 22, 1847.
The undersigned, Major General Scott,
general-in-chief of the armies of the
United States of America, in addition
to the close blockade of the coast and
port of Vera Cruz, previously establish•
ed by the squadron under Commodore
Connor, of the navy of said States, hav
ing now fully invested the said city with
an overwhelming army, so as to render
it impossible that its garrison should
receive from without succor or reinforce
ment of any kind ; and having caused
to be established batteries, competent to
the speedy reduction of the said city, he,
the undersigned, deems it due to the
courtesies of war, in like cases, as well
as the rights of humanity, to summon
his excellency, the governor and coma
mander.in-chief of the city of Vera Cruz
to surrender the same to the arms of the
United States of America, present be
fore the place.
The undersigned, anxious to spare the
beautiful city of Vera Cruz from the
imminent hazard of demolition—its gal
lant defenders from a useless effusion of
blood, and its peaceful inhabitants—wo
men and children, inclusive—from the
inevitable horrors of a triumphant as
sault, addresses this summons to the in
telligence, the gallantry, and patriotism
no less than to the humanity of his ex
cellency the governor and commander
in-chief of Vera Cruz,
The undersigned is not accurately in ,
formed whether both the city of Vera
Cruz and the castle of San Juan d'Ulloa
be under the command of his Excellency,
or whether each place has its own inde
pendent commander ; but the undersign
ed, moved by the considerations advert
ed to above, may be willing to stipulate
that, if the city should by capitulation,
be garrisoned b it part of his troops,
no missile shall be fired from within the
city, or from its bastions or walls, upon
the castle, unless the castle should pre
viously fire upon the city.
The undersigned has the honor to
i tender to his distinguished opponent, his
excellency the governor and commander
in-chief of Vera Cruz j the assurance of
the highest respect and consideration of
the undersigned. WINFIELD SCOTT.
[Tiarialation.]
The undersigned, commanding general of the
free and sovreign State of Vera Cruz, has informed
himself of the contents of the note which Major
General Scott, general-in-chief of the furcei of the
United States, has addressed to him under date of
tcklay, demanding the surrender of this place, and
tattle of Ulloa ; and, in answer, has to say, that
the above named fortress, as Well &titbit; plebe, de
pend on his authority ; and it being his principal
duty, in order to prove Worthy of the confidence
placed In him by the gevernMent of the natioh,
he defend both points at all cost, to effect which he
counts Upon the necessary elemehts, and will make
it good to the last ; therefore his excellency can
Commence his dperstiohs Of war in tho manner
which he may consider most adbahtageous.
The undersigned has the honor to return to the
general-ih-chief of the forces of the United States
the demonstrations of ereem he may be pleased to
honor him with. God and liberty !
Van., Cnuz, March 22, 1847.
JUAN MGRALES.
To Major General Sewn., general-in.:chief of the
forces of the United States, situated in sight of
this place.
ARTILLERY HEADQUARTERS,
Camp Washington, March 24, 1847.
SIR : 1 have the honor to report for the
information of the general-in-chief, that
on the 22d instant, and as soon as the
chief-engineer had reported that the bat
teries were sufficiently advanced to re
deite semen itiontirs i f placed that hum
ber in battery. By 2 o'clock on that day
I was prepared to open the lire upon the
city of Vera Cruz. At quarter past 4.
I received the order of the general4n
dhief to cotnmence firing oh tile City,
and the batteries Nos. 1,2, and 3 were
opened With great animation and appa'
refit dffect.
From the moment the batteries open
ed on the afternoon of the 22d instant,
the fire has been incessant day and
night.
On the 22d, and during the night, bat:
tery No. 1, was under the command of
Captain Brooks, of the 2d artillery;bat
tery No. 2, under the charge of Lieut.
Shackelford, of the 2d artillery, and
battery No. 3, under the charge of Capt.
Vinton, of the 3d artillery, and until th 6
hour of his death, about 4 o'clock, P. M.,
when the command devolved upon Lieut:
Vanvliet s 3d artillery:
The seVere loss to the army by the
death of Captain Vinton, was the only
loss we sustained on the ffrst day. Sev
eral of the men ureic Alightly *ounded.
The fire from the city. attfl fioni the
castle on our batteries, with shot; shells
and rockets, has been interceitted; but
with very brief periods, since we open:
ed our batteries; and we must ascribe
our safety, under such a heavy and con
stant fire, to the skill and science of the
officers of engineers in the construction
of our batteries;
From the morning of the 23d to this
morning the batteries have been in charge
of Capt. McKenzie, of the 2d Artillery,
and Capt. Anderson and Brevet Capt.
Taylor, of the 3d artillery.
Yesterday, about 12 o'clock, M., I
'was able to place three more mortars in '
battery, but owing to the highness of
the wind, the shells &laid not be landed
from the store-ship, and our fire to this
time has been very moderate, not ex
ceeding one fire in every five mintites.
Last night I succeeded in moving 3
24-pounder guns to battery No. 4, with
the necessary ammunition and imple:
ments, which have been placed in bat
tery,
One More U-pouticier and two 8 inch
howitzers will be Moved out to-night,
and to-morrow morning, (as we shall
doubtless obtain a supply of shells to ,
day, the storm having abated sufficient
ly to land them,) I shall be able to open
the four batteries with ten mortars, four
24 pounders, and two 8-inch howitzers,
with increased effect and renewed vigor.
I can bear testimony, from personal
observation,
to the skill and gallantry of
the officers detailed on artillery service
under my direction, and of the cheer•
fulnes and steadiness of the men in the
performance of their laborious duties.
I have the honor to be, respectfully,
your obedient servant,
JAMES BANKHEAD I
Artillery, Chief of Artillery.
Lieut. SCOTT, Acting Adjutant General,
Army Headquarters.
AtrittAity HaAnquAttreas,__
Camp Washington, March 24, 1847.
Sir—Since my report of this date of
operations in the batteries up to 4 o'clock,
A, M., the hour when the troops are re
fievedi I have to state for the informa
tion of the General.in.Chief, that the
enemy opened a brisk lire on our batte
ries soon after sunrise this morning,
without effect; but about 10 o'clock,
most of their batteries were again open
ed on its, and one man of Company "B,"
2d artillery, was killed at battery No 1,
and three men were severely wounded.
[EbITOR AND PROPRIETbI
WHOLE NO. 586.
A shell fell !nib battery No. 3, where
four men of CoMpany "F," 2d artillery,
were woundedi The shell fell on one of
the mortars, breaking the mortar bed,
and throwing the mortar bid thirty feet
from the platforin—ancither martin. bid
Can be obtained friiin the ofdbilnee,dEpni ;
and the mortar will be remounied:
We have been restrained froin the
want of shells from throwing more than
one every five minutes during thh day:
A full supply will be in place to-night,
and as soon it is dark enough to send.
Them to the biltteiies *Mout being oh=
setired by the eii4thk:
Very respectfully, your obd't serv't;
JAS: BANKHEAD,,
Second Artillery; Chief of Ariillery:
Lieut. Scprt, Acting Atijutlint General;
Aritiy Hbadqu6rtert:
TILE ARMYi.
..Vera Cruz, March 29, 18:0:
Siit—The flag of the United Statgs et
America floats triurnphrintly over the
*Os of this city and the castle of San
Jutin de ttlitid.
Our troops hate garrisoned both sinc€
ten o!clecki Itianott noon: trig . Tien:
Worth is in co mmand of the two places.
. Articles . of capitulation were signed
and exchanged at a late hour, night be
fore last: I enclose a copy of the docu
ment: •
I haVe heretofore reported the princi.
Pal incidents of the siege up to the 25th
inst., .Nething Of striking interest oc
curred till early in the morning of the
next diiy, when I received overtures
from General tandem, on whoin Gene
ral Morales had devolved the principal
tottimtind: A trrrible Sterna of wind
ttnd sand made it difficult to Communi
cate With the city, and impossible to re
fer tii Commodore Perry. I was obliged
to entertain the proposition alone, or to
contititie the fife upon a pined that had
shown d diSposition to surrender ; for
the loss of a day, or perhaps several,
fiould not be permitted: the accovripa
botig o*s *ill skew the proceedings
and results: .
tegteraaY; atter the norther had aba
ted; Sod the commissioners appointed
by Ito early the inornitig before, had
hgain mef those appointed by Gen:Lan
derti; Coin. Perry sent ashore his second
in coinitiand, Capt: Aulick, as a commis
ilionnf on the part of the navy. Al
though not included in my specific ar
iangetnent made tOlth the Mexican com
mander, I did Wit hesitate, with proper
courtesy, tti desire that Capt. Aulick
might be duly . introduced, and allowed
to participate in the discussions and acts
of the commissioners who had been re
fiiproedily accredited. Hence the pre
amble to his signature. The original
Arriefican commissioners were Brevet
Brigadier General Worth, Brigadier Ge
neral Pillow, and Colonel Totten. Four
more able or judicious officers could not
have been desired.
I have time to add but little more.—
The remaining details of the siege, the
able cooperation of the United States
squadron, successively under the com
mand ot Commodores Connor and Per
ry, the admirable conduct of the whole
army—regulars and Volunteers—l should
be happy to dwell upon as they deserve,
but the steamer Princeton, with Commo
cicird Connor on board, is under way, and
I haVe, commenced organizing an ad
vance into the interior. This may be
delayed a few days, waiting the arrival
9f additional means of transportation:
In. the meantime, a joint operation, by
land and water, will be Made upon Al
*tired°. No lateral expedition, howev
er, shall interfere with the grand move
ment towards the capital.
In consideration of the great services
of Col, `Totten in the siege that has just
terminated most successfully, and the
importance of his presence at Washing
ton, as the head of the engineer bureau ;
I intrust this despatch to his personal
care i and beg to commend him to the
fatortible consideration of the depart
iridnt, _
-.-....
I have the honor to rtittlaitl i sir s with
high tespect, your most obedient scr ,
vent, WINFIELD SCOTT.
Hon. W. L.Mancy, Secretary of War,
.Irticles of Capitulation of the City of
Vera Cruz and the Castle of San JUdg
D' Ullo a :
Put sTt Halms,
Without the walls of Vera Grist,
Saturday, March 27, 1847.
Terms of capitulation agreed upon by
the Commissioners, viz t
Generals W. J. Worth and G. J. Pil
low, and Colonel S. G. Totten, chief en
gineer, on the part of Major General
Scott, general-in-chief of the armies of
the United States; and Col. Jose Guti
errez de Villanueva, Lieutenant Colonel
of Engineers, Manuel Robles, and Colo
nel Pedro de Herrera, commissioners ap
pointed by General of Brigade Don Jose
Juan Landero, commanding in chief, Ve-
Ira Cruz, the Castle of San Juan D'Ulloa