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BY AlirES CLARK :]
VOL XI, NO. 37.
COMMUNICATION,
For the " Huntingdon Journal."
THE WEST,
Ma. EDITOR :—Gedgraphically the ex
tensive territory, over which float the
stars and stripes ; this land of free' and
democratic prindiples, is separated by .
nature into three grand divisions ; the
North with its populous cities, whose
spires glitter in the sunbeams, its grow%
ing manufactures; and exhaustless fa:-
eilitiesi for fabricating' all the articles
essential to cdtilfort ; the south with its
palmetto groites; broad savitanas and flu:
merous tied and cotton fields; and the
'West, whose fertile prairibs, astonish
mankind for their admirable adaptation
for agriculture. it is of this productitie;
thinly inhabited section, ton which the
rays of the suit seem to linger longest,
and semi - tie take its Oohing kits in
sorrow; that f intend to discotiree:
Drained by the Father of waters and
his giaht tributaries, it tillers mdst invi
ting opportttnitics for a profitable trade.
Few riders, whose basins indent the
surface of bur globe, can be navigated
to the snine distance as . our 'western
stream. Their great depth, rarely ob
structed by immoveable barriers, is
'pearly without a parallel. The largest
class of boats, impelled by that almost
irresistable power—steam,iglides swiftly
on their bosom though : ladened with
*Various coMmodities.
Its • uncultivated soil beckons the
homeless emigrant to make it his abi
ding place. Thither, he mostly; and
wisely too, bears his household goods.
If his calling be that of the artisan or
mechanic, its commanding cities and
thriving towns bid him welcome: flay
,seem to have sprung up like the gourd
that shaded Jonah ; and are the vast
depots of a fruitful traffic. This has
been their creator, at it were; in a great
measure. 'What else, in less than fifty
years, could have caused the erection of
those clustre of splendid mansions,
whose architectilre is not excelled by
those of older date, and those tnnghili
cent streets, that dazzle the eye .of the
spectator 1 Its influence has aided in
planting the fruit-tree . of every 'species,
where the "pathless woods" offered a
secure retreat to the beasts of prey, the
'Where
wolf and the fierce panther.--
Where the wigtVaha once stdod hanging
with trophies,
scalps of neighboring
Indians, the Cathedral lifts its lofty
dome towards heaven. These things
are the effect of the same wonderful
Cause.
Wesward the foreigner wends his
way, and why not many of our natives
follow his worthy example 1 , Surely it
would be better for them. I would not
persuade them to forsake our rugged
mountains, save for their benefit. Not
that I love the West more than the
home of my youth: But I pity more
wretchedness and smilidness. Thew
sands of the young men of the old set
tled states are doomed to limited means
by birth. They may toil, till they shift
their scene of existence ; where they are
born,land by avarice; penuriousness end
rigid frugality, amass a few hundred per:
haps thousand of dollars. Nothing more
can they ever hope for. Not so is it in the
West. Two hundred dollars purchases
160 acres of land. If tilled at all, it
yields an ample subsistence for any fun
ily—if industrously, no mean refenue;
Besides, the owner is quietly enriched
by the increased value of his land. Fur=
ther, he can life with half the labor of
a Northern or Eastern farmer. •Re has
no rocks and stones to contend With.—
There is no forests to be felled by the
strength of his arm before he edit scat
ter his seed; Nature has sated him
that trouble. Before hint stretches the
green, yet productive original trieddow.,
All that is reserved for him to perform,
is to mellow the tough sod, and, irfler a
season, comulit to its besom his &Mil ;
-and afterwards farm the ground; unim
peded by any obstacle, add be reOartled
with luxuriant crops. What a garden
le. the husbandman ! With all Very
many prefer a life of drudgery. true
they go to see it, but how do they ex
amine it 1 They scarcely take a bird's
/ eye view of it. They can see nought,
save sloughs, the natural channe4 of
the water of the country, which their
juandiced imaginations magnify into
dismal swamps, where stalk disease' and
death. Every reader knows that Such
districts as the Pontine marshes, in the
Vicinity of Rome, lane in all ages crea
ted the abominable fe%'cr and ague. The
efficacy of the Pertwiiin bark or quinine,
is not unknown to the gay Frenchman
on thObanks of the &in or Loire, the
patient German on the sunny brink of
the Rhine, or the whiskered Russian ou
the bleak shores of the Walga or Don.
All the great rivers, in a temperate lati
tude, on the did, as Well as the new
world continent, give origin to the same
malady. But the interior of the coati-
try is as healthy as that oP Fennsylua
nia 'or Virginia: Man must become
acclimated whbn his residendb is chan
ged; if not caretul he is always then lia
ble to sickness, no matter hoin serene
'the atmosphere. It is false, then that
natdrally the grbatest part of the West
is a graveyard. Temperate men are
healthy everywhere—gluttons nowhere.
From such. fanciful reasons many re
turn dissatisfied; Content to end -their
days amid their
Time
hills; however
hard, their lot. Time speed on. The
bold spirit that peregrinated to that dis
tant land grows wealthy. The former re.
mains poor, and die lamenting the on=
propitiousness of fortune: Is not this a
fact Z .
Every candid, inforMed individual;
who colisiders the geographical position
of that section of the Union, will agree
with me, that at ho remote period, it
'will surpass the North or South in agri
culture. Already a bushel of wheat
commands a better price at Chicdgo than
in the central pert of Pennsylliania.—
Half the labor wall produce it; thence it
can bh sold at a thuch lower rate. Will
not Fbreign emigration swell thither and
sooll populate that wide domdin. Man
will go where his appetite for gain can
be itthst easily satisfied. Therefore, the
West will soon be the granary of the
hew; as Egypt was formerly Of the old
world:
Why then do 8b many strie here all
their clays with ihdigence.l Simply be
tense el a base faint-heartedness. They
cannot think of living out of the society
in which they Were bred. They are too
ignorant to knetii . that integrity begets
friends every *here. Little better than
the southern bondnian they libe and ex
pire. They lack that noble enterprise
that " Makes the desert bloolit as the
rose," fOr they refuse to take up their
abode in the great Mississippi Valley;
equal in fertility to that of the famed
Lombardy in Italy; or Tamlda in south
ern Russia. The grassy plains of Illi
nois, Wi§cOniiin and lowa, Will Oupport
millions' yet. Go thither manly Opirits
and Mate yourselves colpfortable homes.
lie Wit slaves. Ohio was once sneered
at, and termed the "lick ; woods ;" wealth
and plenty crowned those that dared
brook flint disagreeable epithet; Go
and do likewise "fearless sons of pow
erty."
"With a heart for any fdte,
Loan to labor and to wait."
A. 1 ) ;
Birmingham, Sept. 21; 1846.
THE TARIFF.
EXTRACT I'lloll A SPEECH
!lON. M. P. GENTRY]
(or TENS} SEE,)
Delivered in the House 9f Reprcsentatives
bf the United States, July 2d; 1846:
Mr. Chairman ' the secret history of
this celebrated Katie letter has never
been, and perhaps never will be, made
public. If the same facity exLted
Obtaining access to the private torre,: ,
pondence of certain eitimnis of Penn
sylvania aird Tennessee; which seems to
exist with respect to the confidential
records of the State Department, rat. ,
tmg to the expenditure of the secret
service fund; I apprehend that a flood 1f
light would be shed upOte the interesting
period of political hist.tiry which I ann
now discussing; and I think it would be
made manifest that Air. Polk's Kano
letter ells wrieen to order;
that it was
the result of
,an underseanding between
Mr. Polk and certain bade* politicians
bf Pennsylvania ; that they sought it for
the purpose of deceiving the people bf
that Stale ; and that he wrote it with a full
knowledge qf their purpose. and with ihe
'intention that this letter Abald be used
far the dceimplishment of that nefarious
design. When it was published in Ten
nessee, where it was kno‘vn that Mr,
Pe% had been uniformly ePposed to the
policy of protecting "Make industry,''
and where his supporters were daily
stilling to win the people to his supperts
upe* the grout-Al of his opposition to
that policy, the Whig party of that State
were inspired l'eith asMnishmen't and
indignittion, that a fraud so bold and
baiefaced should be attempted, and they
detethiined to expose it. They forwarded
to Pennsylvania Mr. Polk's speeches
and circulars, containing conclusive
proofs of his uniiOrtn inveterate hogtility
to protective policy„. as that policy
wad known to be understood by the peo
ple of that State.. The Democratic pol
iticlatis of Pennsylvania Met these proofs
by assuring the people' that they were
Whig inventions—Whig falsehoods.—
The people believed, and shouted huzza
for Palk and the Tariff of 1842. The
Detitoeratic leaders of that State embla
zoned upon their banners in close juxta
' positiOn, POI K AND THE TARIFF OF 1842 ;-
! and with these words flit their motto,'
they Matched on " conquering and to'
CORRECT t'ItINCII'LgS-SUPPORTED BY TRUTH,
HUNTINGDON, PA., SEPTEMBER 80, 180,
cdm - luer." The Whigs of : Teiinessee
were not content with. merely fdrward
iii to Perinsylvanid. the proofs of Mr.
Pblk's opinions, to which I hate refer
red: public meetings were called at dif
ferent places in that State, in which
many of the most prominent eitlzens
participated, at whiih. resolutions Were
passed propounding to Mr:. Polk inter
rogatories calculated to elibit frbm him
a mere specific declaration of his opin
ions upon the subjdbt of the tariff, and
to relieve his Kane letter from ambiguity,
and from the possibility df misconstrue.
tion: Committees of highly.respettablc
gentlemen were appointed to Communi
bate those interrogatories to Mr.
.Polk,
and ask a response . They performed
in respectful terms the task assigned.
them. Upon various pretences he post
poned and evaded a response to those
interrogatories: He was as silent as
the grave. He perceived that he could'
hot reach the Presidentidi chair without
the support of the tariff men of the
North and the anti-tariff men of the
South. Hence it was not his interest
to be distinctly understood on that sub
jeet. He chore to be supported •as
tariff man in Nets York and Peansyl
iania, and as ati anti-tariff man at the
South, where the free=trade doctrine
prevails ; and thus, obtaining the Pres
idency, deceite and betray the one ih
.terest or the other.
• Whilst Mr, Polk was playing this per.
fictions game in Tennessee, his conspir
ator in Pennsylvania vas not idle. On
the contrary; he was actively '.engaged
in canvassing that State ; and with the
Kane letter in his hand, he argned to
thb people, and convinced them, 'that the
protective tariff policy, to which ''they
were so much devoted, would be as gale .
under the wise and patriotic guardian
ship of Mr; Polk. as President, as under
that of Mr. Clay, whose eminent talents,
as every body knows, have been con
stantly and zealously devoted to the
maintenance of that policy through a
long life of distinguished public ser
fice. Mr. Buchanan was the favorite
son of Pennsylvania. The people of
that State had repeatedly conferred upon
hini high honors and distinctions. HU
had been their favorite candidate for the
Presidency, and they had, through their
representatives in the Baltimore Conven
tion/ zealously pressed his claims upon
the consideration of that body for a
nomination as the Democratic candidate
for that high office. He had been long
acquainted with Mr. Polk j and had been
associated with him in the public ser
rice for years as a member of this House:
He was, therefore, naturally presumed
to know the opinions and principles of
Mr. Polk ; and it is net therefore at all
surprising, that the honest and confiding
people of Penniylvania believed his as'
sertions, and under his advice gave the
vote of that great. State to Mr. Polk lot
President of the United States. Bound
to them as he was by a thousand ties Of
gratitude, for hovers generously confer
red, 1 suppdst it did not enter into the,
mind of the Most mispicious man among
them to conceive it to be possiblg, that
he whom they had so long honored and
trusted could be so base as to deceitie
them into the support of a man for the
Presidency ; the influence of whose Ad
ministration **Mild be directed to the
destruction of a policy which they ha ,
!loved essential to their welfare, and
which thcrefdre they desired to mains
taro and perpetuate. The sequel is no;' , /
revealing to them a new chapter in the
history of human baseness and, perfidy.
What do they now behold 'I This same
James &Altman, whom they haire trust.:
ed and honored so much, and *hose as ,
surance to them that the protective tariff ,
policy would be safer under the Admin-;
istration of, Mr. Polk, induced them to
elect him OM President of the United
States, is now a member of Mr. Polk's
cabinet, and giving the influence of his
name, his talents, and character to thn
measures of his Administration ! ! What
is the policy of that Administration on
the subject 6f the tariff It is embodied
and expressed in the report of the Sec
retary of the Treasury; and in the bill
now before the committer
When the report of the Secretary of
the Treasury was read at the begimiing
bf the present session of Congress; an
honorable member from Alabama, (Mr.
PAYNE) rose in his place, and move.'the
printing of a large number
of extra cop
ies for disifibution among the people,
and hailed a in most enthusiastic terms
as the first free trade document that had
ever emanated from the Executive . branch
of this Gdernment. And the gentle
man from Cr!dorgia, who opened this de
bate, labored to commend the bill to the
favor of thi'i . Committee upon the express
ground, that it repudiated the principle
of "pro!eeting home industry: The
democra fie members from Penrsylvanitt
rise in !Leir places here, and wofal
strains tell the -committee Lu e thi; Kane
letter induced them to believe the
jitobtective tariff policy would . be safe
under. the Administration of lilr. Polk;
how they read that letter to the people
of Pennsylvania, and made them believe
the same thing; and they'entrent their •
democratic brethren to take into consid
eration their peculiar position, and im
plore them not to pass the Adminisira-
Hon 'measure now under consideration;
What response do they receive 1 They
have been repeatedly regularly read out
of the Democratic party, and denounced
for cherishing, what it called•a bastard •
Deniecracy Without venturing to ex
press . any-opinion upon so delicate a
'question as the relatiii° claiths to ortho
' don, and respectability, of the legit
• intate, and bastard brahches of the Deni
oertitic family, I proceo with the ques
tion which lam examining. Mr. Bu
chanan is, I repeat, is member of the
Adininistration which is employing all
its influence to pas! thin free trade
Measure ; and this fact precludes the
possibility of the conclusion that •he
was himself deceived by the • Kane let
ter; and thus became the innocent and
unititting instrument of ffeceiving the
- State to which he owed sd large a debt
.of gratitude. If this had been true,
when Mr, Polk developed his. free trade
policy; he .would lave resigned his
place in the cabinet With indignatibn;
saying to _Mr: Polk; ' you induced 'inn
•to believe that the protective tariff policy
would be fostered and guarded by your
eAdniiniStration. Under that • belief I
made. assurances to the people of • Penn
.sylvania, which induced their to , make
yoit. Presinent of the United States—
.Yoti. have deceived me, arch made ,Me
the instrument of deceiving those -Who
.confided in me, and to whdin I am in
debted for all that I am. Thercfore;•gtlf
resPett, honor, patriotism—etery high
'notire which ought to control the con
'diitt of man, compel me tb cut myself
loose from your Administration; and Co
operate, as best I may, with my deceived
and injured friends in redressing our
corm - non wrongs." But where is he
What is he doing 1 He is, as I before
remarked, a member 0 . 1 that Admirals :
tration Which is ontleying its whble in
fluence to 'abolish the policy which Mr:
Buchanan made the people of Pennsyl
vania believe would be safe in its keep
ing: He is dancing attendants at the
White House, where he can " litik absurd
pimp; and crook the pregnant binges of
the knee, that thrift may follow fa - Wiling."
He is literally lending the Strength of
his arm to aid the feebler aria of his
master in striking down the interests of
the people of Pennsylvania. Therefore,
it is impossible for the most Christian
charity to believe that he was not know
ingly and wilfully a party to the foul
and autrocious fraud that nas been prac
tised upon' the American people, but
more especially upon those of New York
and Pennsylvania. The President of
the United States cannot escape the
same •damning imputation by referring
to the generalities of his Kane letter.—
If he had not intended that letter to do
a work of fraud and deception, he would
• have responded to the interrogatories
propounded to him by the public mees
lugs in Tennesse, to which I haVe refer
red, thereby relieving himself from the
possibility of being misunderstood.
• Mr. Chairman, I do not understand
the casuistry which makes a distinction
between the perfidy of an indiiidual and
that of a public man, and decides the one
to be less reprehensible than the other.
It' 'personal disgrace and dishonor were
the penalties with which public opinion
punished political perfidy, it Would be
impossible to conceive of a 10-ker deep
of infamy than that to which James K.
Polk and James Buchanan would be
condemned. Who believes that James
K. Polk cteuld have been elected Presi
dent of the United States, if he had pro
claimed to, the American people the po
litical doctrines and measures which are
set forth and recommended in the report
of the Secretary of the Treasury 1—
Who belid - es that he would hate recei
ved the vote of New York or Pensylva
nia, if the people of those States had
known that the influence of his Admin
istration would be exerted to pass such
a measure as the bill now before this
Committee
The gentleman from Pennsylvania,
(Mr. TILOMP4ONO when addressing this
committee; the other day, frankly decla
red that neither of those States would
have voted for Mr. Polk if they had be ,
keyed that such a measure would have
been urged by his Administratkm, and
he warned his political brethren of the
Dmiocratic phrty, that political power
‘ 4 toidd depart from them in those States,
if this bill heroines a law. I h6nored
the Democratic delegation from the
?mate of Pennsylvania,' for the zeal, firm
niss, and ability with which they have
resisted and opposed Administration
Adnistration
upon the question now before this com
mittee; and 1 - cannot believe thatthose
in'this matter who have been ,o faithful
to their constituents, so firm , in their
duty,. knowingly Co-operated iq decei
iing their constituents into the belief
that. Mr . , Polk was as much deirted to
the protective policy as Mr. Clay., I tun
inclined to believe that they were them
selves deceived 14 their confidence in
Mr. Buchanan, and were thus made the
innocent instruments of misleading their
constituents. Whilst I honor them for
the fidelity with *Well they resist the
influence of the Administration, by
. 0,p 7
'posing the bill now under consideratiMi,
I must confess my surprise that they do
hot give voice on this floor to the deep
indignation which their deceived and
betrayed constituents may be supposed
to feel against those who have deceived
and bbtrayed them. If they desire to
free themselves entirely from the impu
tation in having aided in cheating the
people of Pennsylvatila into the belief
that ..Mr: Polk would guard .and foster
the bolley of a protective tariff, they
must renounce their leyalty to his Ad
thinistratkin, and denounce Jhmes Bu
chanan false and faithless to Penn
sylvania: Mr. Charman, the facts which
I have brought to the view of this coin
mittee establish clearly the position,
that the resolutions of the Baltimore
• Convention, on the subject of the Tariff;
arc entitled to no weight whatsoever as
the argument for the passage of the bill
under consideration, inasi'lueli as it is
Made maflifest, tbat and his
supporters,. in the great States of New
York and Pennsylvania, repudiated those
resolutithih before the . last Presidential
election ; end withdut such -a repudia
tion or modification;Of the Tariff issue,
he could not have been elected to the •
Presidency: The, conclusion • would
therefore seem to inflow, that the sup
porters of Mr. eolk's Administration
are morally inhibited from passing this
bill into ti law; for no fact can be clear:
er than that the will of the American
people was declared against such a law
in the election of 14r. Polk: • Congress
will, by passing the bill nowhOore this
committees consurliate top. haat" which
the .Exech five branch of thpoGoVrninent
has begun, but ivhich it 110 AS yet only
partially Completed. In my ti!'id,eavor to
establish these conclusions; I have found
it necessary to animadvert .with some
severity upon the conduct of -bizh pub
lic functionaries. I have done sj in the
pC.rformance of what I conceivt, to be a
public dui!y, and not to gratify personal
or party malignity. •It is certainly the
right
.cif ti free people; and the Represen
tatives! 2f a free people, boldly to can
vass the public acts of public inen.—
Thordugly convinced that a considera
ble part* of the America' people were
cheated of their suffrages in the last
Presidential election, and finding the
verdict which they titbit rendered relied
upon here to force through, %congress a
measure *hien they condemn,. and
which It. believe to be fraugfit with mis
chief to the public ;welfare, I have felt it
to be my duty to expose the
' perfidy
which its been prmtised, and to invoke
the jusc indignation of the people upon
the itutf6'rs, great and sfnall, of that
.perfidy:
•. Vet a severe, but just retribu
tion be Visited upon them, as a warning
all after to ambitious and un
principled Aspirants, teaching thein to
know, that ; the people, ever ready to
sustain and honor those who are faith
ful to them,' possess intelligence to de
tect, and virtuous resentment to punish
those, who by falsehood and
tiOn and do' le dealing, win their con
fidence and 6iipport only to deceive and
• betray them: Thus, and thus only, can
practical effect be given to the princi
ple; which is. the foundation of our poll
tics! institeiens, that the *plc are
competent to ,govern themselves. For
it must be olri,imis to all, that this prin
ciple will became inefficient and impe
rative, when it shall be permitted to any
man to go 6' unwhippcd of, justice" who
reaches the Presidency 1, professing
hiinself favorable to a system of public
policy, and, when safely installed in
power, einiOys all the influence in his
high station to destroy the policy which
he was elected to maintain. Upon such
a Man, nail rat his guilty coadjutors, the
aePple of the United States owe it to,
themselves . , to honor, truth and justice,
id W the principles of their Govern...,
Ai Mt,' to visit a blasting indignation ;
iA4.I hesitate not to say, that if is there
ks yet left among us a remnant of the
Om spirit of our Fathers,' this duty will
due time be performed. .
Mr. Chairman, I have occupied so
ouch of the hour to which I am limited
by a rule of the House in :refuting the,
argument so zealously and persever; p :
ly; urged--that the people, by t'hei'sm;
Air, Polk, ratified the decree of
,the
Convention, and that ,tliOrefore
Congress is bound to . pass 4111 now
before this conimito:e--as to 'iave hut a
few minutes „left to
,dev.ite hi in exami
nation of its, prob,,ble tileet, upon the
1 national interests, and contrast the same
[EDITOR, ANti PR' )11:0'roiz
WIIOLt NO, 657.
with the actual realized operation of.the
tariff act 6f 18 , 112., which this bill pr;lio
sea to reppal. Ido not regret that I tin
thus restricted, for tl, argitthents upon
which the supporters of the opposing
sytems of, policy rely, to sustain their
respective theories have been ably pre
sented during this dOate, and on many
former occasions, inschnuch that but lit
tle which either neW %.,r original can
now be said on eithar .8.4 c U the ques
tion. Ths tariff of 1312 is founded upon
the principle that it is expedient to
raise, by duties on foreign imports, a
sufficient amount of revenue to defray
the necessi.iy expenses of Government,
and to diqriminate in laying those du
ties so as to eitend, in the language of
Mr. Polk, 4 , h6ti he was a candidate foi
the Presidency, "fair and just protec-
tion to all the great interests of the
Whole Unhin, eudracing agriculture,
inanufactureki riiechnOc arts, com
merce, and navigation r whereas the
bill under consideration is founded upon
the free trade theory as set forth by Mr,
Polk in his message fina l his election to
the Presidency, and by his Secretary of
the Treasury, in his annual report made
at the commencement of the present
sdssion of Congress.
Thousands of political agitators have.
constantly employed their talents, for
mere party purposes, in endeavoring to
excite th ) 3 passioniand prejudices of the
people against the tariff' tttt of 184'2;
and by
~ : onceding; for the most part, the
ii o i l .6 e 'vt i .s s of the general principle of
policy upon• which that act is founded,
and attacking it in its details, they have
been to some extent successful. To tic- ,
complish this - object, every narrow pre
jUdiee, every mean passion of the ho
rn:in heart hits been perseveringly ap
pegled to. It is a high rroof of the
intelligence of the American people that,.
tinder such circumstances, their verdict.
' was rendered at the last 'residential,
election, as have conclusively shown,
in favor of the generaliwinliple of
Cy upon which that law is founded. I
tlaitti of the most bitter.,evponent of
that law the admission, which I think
candor will ccinpel him to make, that
Os,a revenue measure it has admirably
ful!,filed the predictions of those who
framed it, and most sigeuhly falsified the
predictions of those who Cipposed it
when it was under consideration in this
House.- When that law was under con-.
sideration in this IpStise,_,ln 1842, it:4
opponents argued most zealously that,
the duties which it imposed were so
high as to prohibit importations, and
that it would be wholly insufficient as a
revenue measure,- atl I well remember
that the present President of the United
States, when a candidate fe'r Governor
in the State of Tennsgsee;„ confidently
anntobeed the same opinion to the peo
ple of that State. The friends of the
law, on the other hand, , contended on
this Boer that the duties which it impo
sed were so adjusted as to raise twenty
six millions of dollars, and give fair and
just encourigement and protection to,
American manufactures: The official
reports from the Treasury Department
shows us that there has accrued to the
Government, from the operation of that
law, On annual iitirtig,e revenue of more
than twenty-six millions of dollars ; and
the proof is before us in many forms
that the manufacturing intertwits; ,and
every ekher interOt of the eoutttry, im
mediately sprung upward from a,ztate
of languishing de,wession to one of
healthful prosperity. When that law
passed by. Congress the finances of
the Government were in a most deplora
ble and disgraceful condition; for, in a
time bf profound peace,' Ake rffenue of
the Goirernmenf had beo . l.ir Period of
years kirMitted anmirilly to fall far be
low th - e'afinual expenditures. ,Treasury
notes had been annually issued to keep
up thegppertranee of solvenCy. These
were :finder pretest,' and selling in the
marlai at a laged;'sfount.. A huin had
been authorized,` and an agent Of Gov
ernmi3nt despatched. to Eurripc to nego
tiate -t ; and after visiting in England,
and rreanlbulating the continent of Eu
rope, he retnrned to tell us the Manilla
. ting truth Oat the bonds of the United
States xver,i unsaleable, and that we
lould net borrow a dollar. Congress
Passed the act of to raise the,.
amount of revenue to to pay the
ordinary annual ex re '.ditorr's of Gov
eminent ; to pay the i; , y‘test on the loan
which had be authori,ed, aid thins rc .. .
store the credit of the Crove , ,nmen,t
provide a sinking fund fur th lina,
mint of the piddle debt, g ye,
''fair and just prole,
ti,ul 't
that op _
^Tuxiu,.itiou t' :he "revenue. standard -,
p !ov hied for by !he cm - twin - anise act, had
almost na a of ruin. 411
tl ii purposes It r wit Hi the . law VII,
PaS , Pd 1111111 , 111.11e1y realized. The
,•reilit t (;)visrumeo , instimianeous
• ly To. thr !Hoofs c 1 the (morons
''nett Welt' 1011:r! It-,' ed about. un-