IIt)TUNGDO'N JOURNAL
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'Y'ciDll. ® "c1x)...C.E0.
PIJIILIRHED OI
JAMES CLARK.
, ceaaa-ma GS.
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President's MesisitFk
[coNcicnin.]
By the constitution of the United States it is
provided, that "no money shall be drawn from the
treasury but in consequence of appropriations made
by law." A public treasury was undoubtedly con- I
templated and intended to be created, in which the
public money should be kept from the period of
Collection until needed for public uses. In the col
lection and disbursement of the pUblic money no
ag , mcies have ever been employed by law, except
Witch as were appointed by the gOvernment, directly
t',°sponsible to it, and under its 'Centro!. The safe
keeping of the public money 6hdtild be confided to
a public treasury created by laikr, and Under like
responsibility and control. It is not to ho imagined
that the framers cf the constitution could have in
tended that a treasury sho l Uld be created as a place
of deposit° and safe4teePing of the public money
which was irresponsible to the government. The
first Congress under the constitution, by the act of
the second September, 1789,
."to establish the
Treasury Deportment," provided foi the appoint
ment of a treasurer, and made it his duty "to re,
Ceive and keep the moneys of the United States,"
rind "at all times to aubnait.to the Secretary el the
Treasury and the Comptroller, or either of them,
the inspection of the moneys in his hands."
Tat banks, national or state, could not have
bectlntendecl to be used as a intbstituto for the
treasury spoken or yt the constitution, as keepers
of the public Money, is manifest from the fact, that
at that time there was no national bank, and but
three or four Statebanka of liri l :ited capital existed
in the country. 'Their employment as depositories
was at first resorted to, to a limited extent, but with
no avowed intention of continuing thent perma
nentli. in place of the
When they were afterwards from time to time em
ployed it wes from motives of supposed conve-
Our experience Imo shown, that when banking
corporations have been the keepers of the public
money, and been thereby Made in effect the treasu
ry, the government can have no eiaratity the: it
can cornmand thy us'eot its own money for public
purPOSei : The Into bank of the United States
proved to be faitaces. The :State bank. which
were afterwards eMpleyetl, were faithless : brit a
few years ago, with millions of public money in
their keeping, the government Was brought almost
to bankruptcy, and the public credit seriously
im
paired, because of their inability or iUdiiposition to
pay, on demand, to the public creditors, in the enlY
currency recognised by the constitution. Their
failure occurred in a period of pew, and great , in
,onvenience and loss were sufibred by the public
t'rom it. Had the country been involved in a fot
,ign war, that inconvenienceend loss would have ,
been much greater, and might have resulted in ex
treme public calamity. The public money should
not be mingled with the private funds of banks or
individuals, of be used for private purposes. When
It is placed in banks for safe-keeping, it is in effect
loaned to them without interest, and is loaned by
iheM upon interest to the borrowers from them
The public money is converted into banking capi
tit, and is used and loined'Out for the private profit
of bank stockhelders; and WhMi called for, (as was
the case in 1070 it May be in the pockets of the
borrowers train the hanks, flislead of being in the
iew
public treasury conteniplatcotl r
y the constitution.
The framers of the constitutiMi could never have
intended that the money Pala into the treasury
should be thus converted td Pri'vide Use, and placed
beyond tho control of the gOVeriittieht.
Banks which hold the public money Ofteh
iompted, by a desire of gain, tSexkcnd their loans,
increase their circulation, and Thns 'stimulate, irtiot
produce a spirit of speculation and extravagance,
tiltich sooner or later must result ih ruin to thou
'Sands. If the 'public money be nob permitted to be
tiles used, bat be kept in the treasury and paid out
to the puldic'ereditors in gold and silver, the temp
tation aftbrded by its deposite with banks to an un
dole eitpanakin of their business would ho checked,
while the aniourit of the constitutional currency
left in archlation Would be enlarged, by its em
ployment in the pbblic collections and disburse
ments, and the banks themselves would, In conse
quence, be found in a safer and sounder condition.
At present, State banks are employed as deposi
tories, but without adequate regtilation of laW,
whereby the public money can RI Secured against
the casualities and excesses, revulsions, sliapension.,
and defalcations, to which, lions over-issues, over
trading, an inordinate desire for gain, or other
causes, they are constantly exposed. The Secre
tary of the Treasury has in all cases, when practi
cable, taken collateral security for the amount
which they hold, by rho pledge of stocks of the
United States, or such oi tho States as were in
good credit. Some of tho deposit° banks have
"*.
boon this description of security, and others have
declined to do so.
uje3l. 9 LDmcnctmmu2. au34lw).
, . .
Entertaining the opinion that "the separation of
the moneys of the government from banking insti
tutions ie indiSpennable for the safety of the funds
of the government and the rights ef the people," I
recommend to Congress that provision be made by
67 for ouch separation, and that a constitutional
treasury be created for the safe-keeping,of the pub
lic money. , The constitutional treasury , recom.,
mended is designed es a secure depository for the
public money, without any power to make loans or
discounts, or to issue any paper Iyhatever as a
..,cur
rency or Circulation., I cannot doubt that such a
treasury as was contemplated by the constitution,
should be independent of all banking corporations.
The money of the people should be kept is the
treasury of the people crested by law, and be io the
custody of agents of the people chosen by them
selves, according to the forms of the constitution;
agents who are directly resPonsiblo to the goyern-
Meat, who are under adequate bonds and oaths,
and who are subject to severe punishments for any
embezilement, private use, or misapplication of the
public funds, ':ind for any failure in other respects
to perform their duties.
To say that the people bt their government are
!ncompetent, or not to be trusted with the custody
of their own money, in their own treasury, provided
by themselves, but must rely on the presidents,
cashiers, and stockholders of banking corporations,
not appointed by them, nor responsible to them,
would he to concede that they are incompetent for
self-government.
In recorrimending the establishment of a coneti
t.litional treasury, in which the public money shall
bekept, tdesire that adequate provision be made
by law for HS ce'fity, and that all executive discre
tion or control over it shall be removed, except such
as may be necessary In directing its disbursement
in pursuance of appropriations made by law.
Under our present land systeM, limiting the min-
Mum price at which the public lands can he enter
ed to dollar and 25 cents per acre, large quan
tities of inferior lands remain unsold, because they
will not command that price. Front the records of
the General Land bflice it appears, that, of the pub
lic lands rental *old in the several States
and Territories "V
tiLthey are situated, thirty
nine millions one hundred and live thousand fire
hundred and seventy-seven
. acres have been in the
market, subject to entry more, thah twenty years;
forty-nine millions six hundred and thir i tv.eirrht
. °T T9.7°
Than fifteen years; seventy-three millions ie'venty
four thousand and six hundred acres for more than
ten years; and one hundred and six millioriC one
hundred and seventy-six thousand nine hundred
and sixty-one acres for more than five years. Much
the largest portion ofthese lands will continue to
be Unsaleable at the minimum price at which they
arc permitted to be Sold, so long as large territories
of lands from which the more valuable portion have
not been selected are annually brought into market
by the government. With the view to the sale
and settlement of these inferitir lands, t recommend
that the price bo graduated and reduced below the
present minimum rate, confining the sales at the
reduced prices to settlers and cultivators, in limited
quantities. tf graduated and reduced in price for a
limited tarn to one dollar per acre, and after the
expiration of that period for a second and third
term to lower rates, a very large portion of these
lands would be purchased,and many oiCithy
who art Unable to pay higher rates, could pur
chase homes for themselves and their families. By
adopting the policy of graduation and reduction of
price, these inferior lands will be sold for their real
value, while the States in which they lie will be
freed from the inconvenience, if not infustice, to
which they are subjected, is consequence of the
United States continuing to own large quantities
of public lands within their borders, net liaide to
taxation for the support of their local governments.
I recommend the continuance of tho policy of
granting pre-emptions, in its most liberal extent,
all those who have settled, or may hereafter settle
on the public lands, whether surveyed or unsurvey
ed, to which the Indian title may have been ex
tinguished at the time of settlement. It has been
found by experience, that in consequence of com
binations of purchasers and other causes, a very
small quantity Of the public lands, when sold at
public auction, commands a higher price than the
minimum rate established by law. The settlers on
the public tan& ire, however, bUt rarelyeble to se
cure their homes and improvements at the public
sales at that rate; hecatise these combinations, by
means of the capital :hey command, and their su-
periur ability to purchase, render it impossible for
the settler to ecorip'ete with therii in the Market.
By putting down all competition, these eonibina-
tions of capitalists and ilieenlatorq are usually ena
blsd to purchase the laritia, including the improve
ments of tho settlers, at tho minimum price of the
government, and either turn them otit Of their
homes, or extort from them, according to their shill
ty to pay, double or quadruple the amount paid for
them to government. It is to the enterprise and
perseverance of the hardy pioneers of the West,
who penetrate the wilderness with their families,
suffer the dangers, the privations and the hardships
attending the settlement of a new country, and pro
pare the way for the body of emigrants who, in the
course of a few years, usually follow them, that wo
arc, in a great degree, indebted for the rapid exten
sion and aggrandizement of our country.
Experience hag proved that no portion of our
population are more patriotic than tho hardy and
brave men of the frontier, or more ready to obey
the call of their country, and to defend her rights
and honour, whenever and by whatever enemy as
sailed. They should be protected from the grasp
ing speculator, and secured, at the minimum price
of the public lands, in the humble homes which
they have improved by their labor. With this end
in view, all vexations or unnecessary restrictions
imposed upon them by the existing pre-omption
laws should be repealed or modified. It is the true
policy of the government to afford facilities to its
citizens to become the owners of small portions of
our vast public domain at low arid moderate rates.
The present eYstem of managing the mineral
lands of the United States is believed to be radical
ly defective. More than a million of acres Of the
Public lands, supposed to contain lead and 'other
Minerals, have been reserved front sale, and nit
nierous leases upon them have been granted to in
dividuals upon a stipulated rent. The systim of
granting leases has proved to be not only unprofit
able,to the government, Mit unsatisfactory to the
citizens who [Um gone upon the lands, and must,
if Continued, lay the foundation of much future
difficulty between tho government and the lessees.
Accorditig to the official records, the amour.: of
rents received by the government for the years
1841, 1842, 1843, and 1844, wan $6,354 74,
while the expenses of the system during the same
period, including salaries ofsuperintendents, agents,
clerks, and incidental expenses, were twenty-six
thousand one hundred and eleven dollars and elev
en cents—the inco.no being less than one fourth
of the expenses.
To this pecuniary loss may be added the injury
sustained by the public in consequence of the de
struction of timber, and the careless and waeteful
manner of working the mines. The system has I
given rise to much litigation between the United I
States and individual citizens, producing irritation
and excitement in the mineral region, and involv
ing the government in heavy additional expendi:
tures. It is believed that similar losses and em.
barrassmcnts will continue to occur, while the
present system of leasing these lands remains un
changed.. These lands are now under the super
intendence and care of the War department, with
the ordinary ditties of which they have no proper
or natural cennexion. I recommend the repeal of
the present system, and that these lands be placed
under the superintendence and management of the
General Land Office, as other nubile lands. end be
erutmnt into market and sold upon such terms as
Congress in their wisdom may prescribe, reserving
to the gevernment an equitable per centago of the
gross amount of mineral product, end that the
emptionprinciple be extended to resident miners
and settlers upon their, at the Minimum price
which may be eetablished by Congress.
I refer you to the accompanying repori of the
Secretary of War, for information respecting the
present situation of the army, and its operations
during the past year; the state of our defences; the
condition of the public works; and our relations
with the various Indian tribes within our limits,
or upon our borders. I invite your attention to the
suggestions contained in that report, in relation to
these prominent objects of national interest.
When orders were given during the past sum
mer fur concentrating a military force on the west
ern frontier of Texas, our troops were widely dis
persed, and in 'small detachments, occupying posts
remote from each other. The prompt and expe
ditious Manner in tohich an army, embracing more
than half our peace establishment, was drawn to
gether on an emergency so sudden, reflects great
credit on the officers who were entrusted with the
execution 'of thew orders, as well as upon the dis
cipline of the army itself.
To be in strength to peeled cad defend the peo
ple and territory of Texas, in the event Mexico
should commence hostilities, or invade her territo
ries with a largo army, which she threatened, I au
thorized the general assigned to the command of
the army of occupation to niake requisitions for ad-
ditional forme from aexertil of the States nearest the
Texan territory, rind which could most expeditious
ly furnish them, if in his opinion, a larger force
than that under his command, and the auxiliary
aid which, under like circumstances, ho was author
ized to receive from Texas, shoUld ho reqUir'ed.
The contingency upon which the exercise of this
authority depended, has not occurred. The cir
.
cumstances under which two companies of State
artillery from the city of New Orleans were sent
into Teens, and mustered into the service of the
United States, are fully stated in the report of the
Secretary of War. I recommend to Congress that
provision be made for the payment of these troops,
as well as a small number of Texan volunteers,
whom the commanding general thought it necessa
ry receive or muster into our service.
During the last summer, the first regiment of
Arti g oorts made extensive excursions through the
Indian 'country oour borders, a part of them ad
vancing nearly to the pOssessiOns of the Hudson's
Day Company in the north, Aria e part as far as the
South Pass of the fiOcky niothibiine, and the head
waters of the tributary etreania of the CO foredo of
the West. The exhibition of this Military fol.ce
among the Indian tribes in those distant regions,
and the councils held with them by thO comman
ders of the expeditions, it is believed, will haven
salutary influenes in restraining them from hostili
ties among themselves, and maintaining friendly
relation between them and the United States. An
interesting account of one of these excursions ac
companies the report of the Secretary of NVar.—
Under the directions of the War Department, Bre
t vet Captain Fremont, of the corps of topographical
engineers, has been employed eines 1842 in ex
ploring the country west of the Mississippi, and be
yond the Rocky mountains. Two expeditions
have already been brought to a close, and the re
ports of thnt scientific and enterprising officer have
furnished much interesting and valuable informa
tion. He is now engaged in a third expedition;
but it is not expected that this arduous service will
be completed in season to enable rife to communi
cate the result to Congress, at the present session.
Our relations with the Indian tribes are of a fa
vorable character. The policy of removing them
to a country designed for their permanent residence,
west of the Mississippi and without the limits of
the organized States and Territories, is better ap
preciated by thorn than it was a few years ago ;
While education is now attended to, and the habits
at civilized life are gaining ground among them.
Serious difficulties of long standing continue to
distract the several parties into which the Cherokees
are unhappily divided. The efforts of the govern
ment to adjust the difficulties between them have
heretofore Proved unsuccessful; and there remains
no probability that this desirable object can be ac
complished without the aid of further legislation by
Congress. I will, at an early period of your ses
sion, present the subject for your consideration, ac
companied with an exposition of the complaints
and claims of the several parties into which the na
tion is divided, with a view to the adoption of such
measures by Congress as may enable the Executive
to do justice to them respectively, and to put an
end, if Possible, to the dissentions which have long
Prevailed, aiid still prevail, among theth.
I refer you to the report of the Secretary of the
Navy for the present condition of that branch of
the national defence; and for grave suggestions,
havi . ng for their object the increase of its efficiency,
end a greater economy in its management. During
the past year the officers and men have Wren:led
their duty in a satisfactory manner. The orders
whichlutve been given, have been executed with
promptness and fidelity. A larger force titan has
often formed otto squadron under our nag was rea
dily concentrated in the Gulf of Mexico, and, ap
parently, without tirinsual effort. It is especially
to be observed, that, notwithstanding the union of
so considerable a force, no act was committed that
even the jealousy of an irritated power could con
!Arne as an act of aggression ; and that the com
mander of she squadron, and his officem, In .t,rl..
".........ilar with their irsotnaction., hotd..s th.s.-
eelvea ever ready for the moat active duty, have
achieved the still purer glory of contributing to the
preservation of peace. It is believed that at all
our foreign statistic the honor of our flag has been
Malritained,and that, Oiterall, our chips of war
have been distinguished for thelr guru discipline
and order. lam hippy to add, that the display of
maratime (Oren which was required by the events
i of the summer, has been made wholly withii the
Usual appropriations for the service of the year, so
that no additional appropriation. are required.
The commerce of the United States, and with it
the navigating interest, have steadily and rapidly
increased since the organisation of our government,
until, it is believed, we are now second to but one
Power in the world, and at no distant i3:4 we shall
be inferler to none. Exposed ae they must be, it
has been a Vrise policy to afford to these important
interests protection with our ships of war, distribu
ted in the great highways of trade throughout the
world. For more than thirty years appropriations
have been made, and annually expended, for the
gradual increase of our naval forces. In peace, our
navy performs the important duty of protecting oar
commerce ; and ir. the event of war, will be, as it
Ilan been, a most efficient moans of defence.
The succtssful use of steam navigation on the
ocean has been followed by the introduction of
war-stearners in great and increasing numbers in
to the navies of the principal Powers of the world.
A due regard to our own safety and to an efficient
protection to our largo and increasing commere de
mands a corresponding increase on our part. No
country has greater facilities for the construction of
vessels of this discription than ours, or can promise
itself greater advantage. from their empleyment.-
1 They are admirably adapted to the prot , 2etion of
our commerce, to the rapid transmission of intelli
gence, and to the coast defence. In pursuance of
the wise policy of a gradual increase of our navy,
large supplies of oak timber, and other materials
for ship building, have been collected, and aro now
under shelter in a state of good preservation, while
iron steamers can bo built with great facility in va 7
rious parts of the Union. The use of iron as a
material, especially in the construction of steamers,
which can enter with safety Many of the harbors
along our coast now inaccessible to vessels of great
' er draught, and the practicability of constructing
them in the interior, strongly recommends that lib
eral appropriations should be made for this impor
tant object.
'Whatever may have been our policy in the ear
lier stages of the government, when the nation wan
in its Infancy, our shipping interests and commerce
,
comparatively small, our resources limited, our pop
nlMion sparse and scarcely extending beyond the
limits of the original thirteen States, that policy
Must bo essentially different now that we have
grown from three to more than twenty mlllions of
people,—that our commerce, carried in our own
situps, is found in eves/ sea, and that our territorial
boundaries and settlements have been so greatly
expanded. Neither our commerce, nor our long
i line of roast on the ocean, and on the lakes, can
be successfully defended against foreign aggression
by means of fortifications alone. Those are men
tial at important commercial and military *tints,
but our chief reliance for this object must be on a
well organized, efficient navy. Tho benefits re
suiting from such a navy are not confined to the
Atlantic States. The productions of the interior
which seek a market abroad, are directly dependent
on the safety and freedom of our commerce. The
occupaticn of the Bali.° below New ()deans, by a
hostile force, would embarras, if not stagnate., the
whole export trade of the Mississippi; and affect
the value of the agricultural products of the entire
valley of that tnighty river and its tributatise.
It has never been our policy to maintain large
standing armies in time of peace. They ore con
trary to the genius of our free institutions, would
impose heavy burdens on the people. and be dan
gerous to public liberty. Our reliance fcr prdtec
tion end defence on the land must b; cnainlY eh
our citizen soldiers, who will ever be ready, is they
ever have been ready in times past, to rush with
alacrity, at the call of their country, to her defence.
This description of force, however, cannot defend
our coast, hurbe , .. and inland seas, nor protect our
commerce on the ocean es the lakes. These must
be protected by oar navy.
Considering our increased naval fate, and es:
pecially of steam vessels, corresponding with our
growth and importance as a nation, and proportion
ed to the increased and increasing naval power cf
other nations, of vast importance an regards our
safety, and the great and growing interests to be
protected by it, I recommend the subject to th;
vrtrable conitideration of Congress.
The report of the Prstmaster General herewith
communicate, contains a detailed statement of
the operations of his department during the past
year. It will be seen that the income from post
ages will fall short of the expenditures for the year
between one and two millions of dollars. This de
ficiency has been caused by the redUction of the
rates of postage, which was mode by the net of the
third of March lost. No principle has been more
generally acquiesced in by the people than that this
department should oustain itself by limiting its ex
penditures to its income. Congress has never
sought to make it a source of revenue for general
purposes, except for a short period during the last
war with Great Britian, nor should it ever become
a charge on the general treasury.
If Congress shall adhere to this principle, an I
thAele they eyelet, eftfffff •A,V.
f
penditures, or en to modify the act of the third of
March last ea to improve its revenues. The ex lib
aion of the mail service, and the additional facili
ties which will be demanded by the tepid 'extension
end increase of poPulation on our western frordier,
will not edreit of such curtailment es will materially
reduce the present expenditures. In the adjustment
of the tariff of postages the interests of the people
demand, that the lowest rates be adopted which
will produce the necessary revenue to Meet th's ex
penditures of the department. I invite the Atten
tion of COngress to the stiggcitions of the Post
matter General on this subject, under the belief
that such a modification of the leto law May be
&lode as will yield sufficient revenue without fur
ther calls on the treasury, and with very little
change in the present rates of postage.
Proper measures have been taken, in pursuance
of the act of the third of March last, for the estab
lishment of lines of mail steamers between this
and foreign countries. The importance of this
service commends itself strongly to favorable con
sideration.
With the growth of our country the public busi• I
TICSB which devolves on the heads of the several
Executive Departments has greatly increased. In
some respects, the distribution of duties among
them seems to be incongruous, and many of these
Might be transferred from one to another with ad
vantage to the public interests. A more auspicious
time for the consideration of this subject by Con
gross, with a view to system in the organization of
the several departments, and a niece appropriato
division of the public business, ml!! act probably
The most important datiee ci the State Depart- '
ment relate to our foreign affairs. By the great
enlargement of the family of nations, the increase
of our commerce, and the corresponding extension
of our consular system, the business of this depart
ment
has been greatly increased. In its present
organization, many duties of a domestic nature,
and consisting of details, are dovotred on the See
retary of state, which do not appropriately belong
to the foreign department of the government, and
may properly be transferred to some other depart
ment. One of these grows out of th e present state
of the law concerning the Patent Office, which, a
few years sines, was a subordinate clerkship, but
, has become a distinct bureau of great importance.
With an excellent internal organization, it is still
connected wi h the State Department. In the trans
action of its business, questions of much imp.- t
tarter to inventors, and to the community, frequent- I
ly arise, which, by existing laws, are referred for
decision to a board, of which the Secretary of State
is a member. The questions are legal, and the
connexion which now exists betvveen the State De
partment and the Patent OfKee, may, with great
' propriety and advantage, be tranaferrd to the At
torney General.
In his last annual message to Congress, Mr.
Media= invited attention to a proper provision for
the Attorney General as an .important improve
, I went in the executive establishment. This cc
, • ommendstion was repeated by porno of hie success-
'QIWIIIICEDIIC6; titaa. elbac2,
ore. The official duties of the Attorney General
have Leen much increased within a few years, and
his office Las become one of great hill:variance.—
Dia dillies may bo still further increased with ad
vantage to the public interests: A. an executive
officer, his residence and constant attention at the
scat of gcVarOnient are required. Legal question.
involving important principles, and large amounts
of public money, are constantly referred to him by
the Presidont and executive dePartinents for his
examination and decision. The public business
under his official management before the judiciary
has been eo augmented by the extension of our
territory, end the fete o 7 Congress ahthorising suits
against the I.:nited Btatea fur large bodies of val
uable public lands, as greatly to inicrease his labors
and responsibilities, I therefore recommend that
the Attorney General be placed on the name footing
With the heads of the other executive departments
with midi subordinate officers, provided by law for
his department, as may be required to discharge
the additional duties which hive been of iniy be
devolved upon hini.
Congress passerine the power of exclusive
over the District of Columbia; and I com
mend the interests of its inhabitants to your favor
able coirsideraien. The people of this District
have no legislative body of their own, and must
confide their local as well as general interest to rep
resentatives in whose election they have no voice,
and over whose official conduct they have no con
trol. Each nf,Mbei of the National Legislature
Shaul() consider himself as their immediate repro
' sentative, and should be the more ready to give at
tention to their interests and wants, because he id
not responsible to them. I recommend that a lib
eral and generous spirit may characterize your meae
ores in relation to them. I shall be ever disposed
to show a fuctoe, itgard for their Wishes ; and,
within constitutional limits, shall at all times cheer
fully co-operate with you for the advancement of
their welfare.
I trust it may not be deemed inappropriate to the
occasion for me to dwell fora moment on the mem
ory of the most eminent ciiiien of our country,
who, during the summer that bus gone by, has de
scended to the tomb. The enjoyment of contem
plating, dt the advanced ago of near four score
years, the happy condition of his country, cheered
the last hours of Andrew Sacks, n, who departed
this life in the tranquil hope of a blessed immortal-
in the virtue and capacity of the people, a•d in
the permanence of that free government which he
had largely contributed to establish end defend.—
Hie great deeds had secured to him the affection.
Of his fellow-citizens, and it was his happiness; to
witness the growth and glory of his country which
he loved SO well. He departed ariiidet the benedic
tioCs of Millions of freemen. The nation paid ita
tribute to hie memory nt hie tombl Cominggener
stint Will learn from hie example the love of coun
try and the rights of man. in hie language on •
similar occasion to the present, "I now commend
you, fellew-citmens, to the guidance of Alinighty
God, With a full reliance on His merciful providence
for the maintenance of our free institutions; and
with an earnest supplication, that whatever errors
it may be my lot to commit in discharging the ar,
duous duties which have devolved on me, will find
a remedy in the harmony
,and wisdom of youi:
counsels." JAMES K. POLK:
WASHINGTON, December 2, 945:
“Orr OF DE OT. " -'filo Philadelphian. have
preserved the corner-stone of General Washing
ton's private residence. It bears, the following in
scription:—"Thls corilerraton'a of the house to ac
commodate the President of the United State., wee
laid May 10th, !792, when Penuxylvania was
happily nu? of dett—Thumas Mifflin then Gayer
nor of tlfe Ctate.”
DKATIt FROM ImmonsanTE Smontica.—Mr.
Christo'plaior Sewell, .O . f . Boston, died a few day.
since from the effecter of smoking segars to an im
moderate extent. He had often consumed thirty a
day, which pernicious practica brought on no greet
a debility, that he died from the rupture of a small
blood vessel. If smoking is a luxury, it should be
indulged in moderation. There are come persons
who are never seen in the streets without a sugar
in their nionthe.
Song TIIIIOAT.—We have known several in
stances In which this diatresstng complaint, even
in itsworst stages, has been immediately alleviated
and speedily cured by the following remedy:—
Mix a pennyworth of pounded camphor with a wine
glass of brandy, pour a small quantity en a lump of
sugar, and allow it to dissolve in the mouth every
hour. The third or fourth generally enables the
patient to swallow with ease.-3fed ;col Journal.
'filo best cure for hard times is to chest the doc
tor by being temperate ; the lawyer by keeping out
of debt ; the demagogue by voting fee honest men;
and poverty by being Industrious; but pay the prin
ter if you wish to he happy.
A person pointed put a man who had a profusion
of rings on his fingers to a cooper, "All, master,"
mid the artisan, '•it is a surd sign of weakness when
so many hoops are used."
.
Slander, Bays Lncon , cannot make the subject et
it either hotter or worse: It may represent to in a
false light, or place a likeness of us in a bad one.
but we remain the same. Not so with the slender
er—the 'lender that he utters makes him Mill worse.
the slandered never.