VOL. VIII, No. 5.]
PUBLISMID lIT
THEODORE H, CHEM ER,
TMRIZEI.
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lIICICELLAIIMOV33.
From the Licking Valley (Ky.) Register.
Burr and Blanncrhasset.
Much has been said and written on the
conspiracy of Aaron Burr, and a deversi
ty of opinion still exists, as to the extent,
of his designs. The elegant retirement of
Blannerhasset, previous to his association
with Burr, has also been a theme of elo
quence, and a subject of admiration. ks
1 lived near the centre of Burr's opera
tions, and was intimate with the family of
Blannerhasset, many acts came under
my observation which perhaps are not
generally knowo. ,I therefore comply
with your request, by.detailing circum
stances which were familiar to the at that
period.
NVith reference to Burr's conspiracy,
I have never doubted the fact, that his
first object was a separation of the States,
and the establishment of "an energetic
government" including our northwest
and southern territories. This intention
was clearly manifested by aseries of pub
lications over the signature of "Quanise
in the "Ohio Gazatte," a paper then prin
ted at Marietta by one Fairlamb.
Those numbers - • held forth all the ar
guments that could be urged, to induce
the withdrawal of the west and south from
the old zitates. Burr furnished the lead
ing points. Blannerhasset wrote them out,
and attended to their publication. The
Arial number was read to the printer by
Blannerhasset at my father's house, and
in presence of several of the family. M
ter the printer had retired, my father
made a strong appeal to Mr. B. on the
fully and danger of such an enterprise ;
reminding him of his narrow escape lemn
the troubles of Ireland, of the happy for
of government he then enjoyed, and of his
delightful situation at the Island, surroun
ded by all the sources of earthly bliss.—
Mr. B. was disconcerted ; he acknowl
edged his obligations for my father's
friendly motives, but attributed their
different views to the different age. My
father indignantly replied that he had
fought for the government under which he
had lived, that he loved it as the apple of
his eye, and that treason against it could
not be concerted under his roof. Mr. B.
politely withdrew, took up his quarters at
a public house, and never made his home
wills us afterwards. But number after
number of the "QuitatsT" came before
the people, holding lorth the possession of
the public lands, with all their mineral
productions—the great agricultural pi os
peels of the west—the vast navigable
waters—the occupation of New Orleans
as a commercial empornium, and various
other arguments in favor of a separate
Government. A day was also appointed
to hold a convention at the Island.
But the plans of Burr were not confin
ed to a separation of the btates ; lie knew
his ptrject might fail, and the establish
ment of an empire in the Mexican coun
try, was his alternative. A number of
lutteaux or row-gallies were prepared on
the Muskingum river, and probably at
some other points, with which he intended
a rapid descent on New Orleans, or to
ascend the Red river tooat d Mexico, as
circumstances migl.t require. Numbers
of restless and desperate spirits were en
listed in his visionary schemes, from Pitts
burg to New Orleans, but the mass of the
western people were attached to their gov
ernment, and their connexions east of the
mountains. if the convention hail assem
bled at the Island, the inhabitants of the
neighborhood were prepared to disperse
them with force and arias. The conven
tion failed; and when a party attempted
to escape with boats, they were prevented
by the Matilda, under a special law of
Ohio, passed for the occasion, with closed
doors. But there were traitors in that
Legislature—in Congress—and in the
army of the United States.
Burr met in council with a fragment of
his followers, on an Island in the Missis
sippi, where his scheme was abandoned.
He fled in disguise but was arrested, tried
at the city of Richmond, and acquitted
by a quirk of the law. Blannerhasset and
other associates were discharged. Ills
family, servants and furniture having ile•
scended the liver to Natchez, he located
himself on a cotton farm .in that vicinity.
The embargo and the war which (Wowed,
defeated his expectations; he became em•
barrassed ; his fortune having been impair-
t ~,,,,,_.-
: 14
f, i ; . ..„,L.
~.., „...,..,
_, ~...4.
.... .1,...,11 le „,--. 4.3„: A
:A ~.,_ ~ ,
. JOUR
_ ,
- -
EIUNTINGDON, PKNAISYLVANIA, WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 15, 1843.
ed by his liabilities for Burr. Under the
prospect of a civil appointment of Lower
Canada, he removed to Montreal, but his
friend, the Governor, being removed, he
was again disappointed, and retired at last
to the Island of Jersey, in the British
channel, where his maiden sister resided,
a lady of fortune. There he died, the
victim of a romantic and visionary mind.
Blannerhasset was an Irish nobleman, a
man of science, and a polished gentleman.
He excelled in the composition and per
formance of music, his instruments were
the violin and the bass-viol, both of which
he used in the manner of the bass. His
spacious hall was constructed in musical
proportions, where the tones of his viol
vibrated with thrilling effect. His library
was elegant and extensive, his laboratory
was provided with abundant apparatus for
chemical and philosophical experiments,
and his house and grounds were furnished
with various means of winter and summer
amusements. The mansion with its cor
ridor and wings formed half an ellipsis,
and the finish and furniture of its apart
ments were adapted to the use for which
they were intended. The hall was a
spacious lofty room, its walls painted a
sombre color, and its furniture rich, heavy
and grand. The drawing room was in
perfect contrast, and its decorations light
us a Fairy's wing. In short, the whole
• establishment was noble and genteel, with
out the glare of tinsel finery, or the ins
consistency of bad taste. His style of
living sas in unison with his house and
furniture, always elegant, easy and com
fortable. The arrangement of the ground
was equally complete, the famous shrub
bery was a mimic wilderness, with laby
rinth walks bordered with flowers ; and
interspersed with arhors and grottos. The
extensive pasture in front with its flocks,
and herbs, was separated from the lawn
by an invisible fence; and the view up
the Ohio was unobstructed for several
miles. But the whole scene requires the
pen of a poet. The description of Wirt
is nearer the reality than is generally be
!levet!, and his sketch of Mrs. Manner
basset is equally true to figure. She was
a beautiful and accomplished lady, of
dignified appearance and manners; affa
ble, friendly, tind without the least affec
tation, yet with allier elegance she was
a notable house-wife, and devoted to her
needle, not in the production of flowers
and flounces, but of garments fur her
children and servants. The miserable
slanders which have heen reported of her,
are without the lest foundation Burr
did not seduce Blannerhasset, through the
medium of his wife, as has often been sta. '
ted, his only visit to the Island did not ex
ceed three days, and no wo►tan of Mrs.
B.'s mind and character, could he corrup
ted on so brief an acquaintance. Blan
nerhasset was an open and unregarded
man, easily imposed upon, and entlitisi - .
astic in all his impulse•. Burr approach
ed his► in the uut,t antiot ;Ind iii,dious
manner. Desceodui,; the inter id a bat•
t e , x , he landed :ta a ita,siog stranger
merely to •cc and admire the far-famed
Island. Mr. Blannerhasset hearingi that
stranger was 011 his lawn, sent a servant
to invite him to the house; the wily ser
pent sent his card with an apology, but•
Mr. B. with his usual hospitality, walked
out and ins!sted on his remaining a day
or two. Burr very quietly acquiesced,
anti during that unfortunate interview,
int used the poison of ambition into the un
wary mind of his visionary host. Mrs. B.
endeavored to disseade her husband from
the enterprise, but finding his soul (mils
tea in it, her sense of duty compellA her
to acquiesce in his views, which resulted
in the ruin of his family.
Years have gone by, and the tale at last,
Is told as a sorrowful scene long past."
The steamboat passenger looks on the
deserted Island for some vesiage of its
former embellishment ; but he looks in
vain. The mansion was destroyed by
fire, its beautiful appendages are oblitcr•'
ated, its hospitality, the soul of music, and
the refinement of taste and intellect, have
all departed. On my lust visit to the
scene of many happy hours, the only me
mento of my early associations 1 could
find, was U. W'. 1805," carved on the
bark of an old beach tree.
" I felt like one who treads along,
Some banquet ball deserted,
Whose lights are fled, whose garland's gone,
And all but he departed."
Frightfal Snake Story.
The following incident was related to
me the other day, by one whose veracity
is unquestioned, and who was almost an
eye witness to the fact. It is more ap
palling than any we recollect to have ev•
er re ad in the history of these terrible
reptiles. . . .
. .
Some time last summer, the inhabitants
of Manchester, Mississippi, gave a bathe -
cue, which was attended by the beauty
and fashion of the town and surrounding
CULlntry. It happened that among the
guests there was a young lady, Miss M.,
recently !emu one of the eastern cities,
"ONE COUNTRY, ONE CONSTITUTION. ONE DESTINY."
who was on a visit to her relations in the
neighborhood of the town. Miss M. was
a gay and exceedingly fashionable young
lady, and withal possessed of an uncom
mon share of spirit and courage except in •
the matter of snakes—and of these she !
had so great a dread,that she scarcely dar
ed to walk any where except in the most
frequented places, for fear of encounter
ing them. Every effort was used, but
without avail, to rid bar of her childish
fears. They haunted her continually,
until at last it became the settled convic
tion of her mind that she was destined to
full a victim to the fangs of a rattle snake.l
The sequel will soon show her terrible
presentment was fulfilled.
Towards the close of the (lay, while
scores of fairy feet were keeping time in
the dance to the merry music, and the
whole company were in the full tide (gen
joyment, a scream was heard from Miss
M. followed by the most agonizing cries
fur help. The crowd gathered around her
instantly, the perfect image of ilispair,
with here hands grasping . a portion of her
dress with the tenacity of a vice. ft was
some time before she could be rendered
sufficiently calm to tell the cause of her
Harm, and then they gathered from her
broken exclamations, that she was hold
ing the head of a snake among the folds of
her dress, and dreaded to let go her hold
for fear of receiving the fatal blow! This
intelligence caused many to shrink from
her, but most of the ladies, to their honor
be it spoken, remained with her, determin
ed not to leave her in her direful extremi
ty. They besought her not to relax her
hold, as her safety depended on it, until
some one could be found is ho had the cou•
rage to seize and remove the terrible ani
mal. There were none of the ladies, how
ever, who had the courage to perform the
act, and the condition of Miss M. was be
coming more and more critical. every mo•
ment. It was evident that her strength
was failing very fast, and that she co uld
not maintain her hold many minutes
longer.
. . .
A hasty consultation among the calmest
of the ladies was held, when it was deter•
mined that Dr. Tisan, who was present,
should be called to their assistance. lle
was quickly on the spot, and being a man
ot uncommon courage, he was nut many
minutes within the circle of weeping and
half fainting letnales, until he caught the
tale of the snake, and wound it firmly
round his hand to make sure ot his hold.
He then told Miss M. that she must let go
the moment he jerked it away and to make
the act as instantaneous as possible, lie
told her lie would pronounce the words
one, two, three, and that, at the moment
he pronounced the last word she must let
go her hold, and he doubted not he could
withdraw tire snake, before it could make
the strike. All stood in breathless horror,
awaiting the act of life and death and at
the moment the word three was pronoun
ced, the Hector pulled out the most dia
bolical looking KT BUSTL 4:0
that ever was seen in Mississippi: The
whole affair was at once explained. The
fastenings of the machine had become
loose during the (lancing, and it had shift
, ed its position in such a way that it dan
gled about the lady's legs, and induced
the belief that it was a snake with an enor
mous head
'1•1n. Ductor fell right down in his tracks
and tainted• -he did.--Han. Jour.
Let ter of lion. James Cooper.
Relative to lion. W. COST JOHN
SON'S plan in aid of the States.
NN ASIIINTON January 11, 1843.
Diun Sin :—The present embarrassed
condition of the country almost necessari
ly induces every body to look round for a
remedy for the evils of the times. The
people, suffering all the embarrassments
which result from the great indebtedness
of the Stales, as well as the evil of a bad,
at the same time, restricted circulating
medium, begin to manifest dissatisfaction
that some measure is not adopted fin• their
relief. They Lind it difficult to believe
that a country enjoying profound peace,
abounding in all the elements of wealth,
prosperity and greatness. should be hope
lessly prostrate, without power in the gov
ernment to provide a remedy. A rage
for internal improvement, similar to that
which involved Pennsylvania so deeply
in debt, has been experienced by other
States both in its influences and conse
quences. The embarrassment and die•
tress of the people, resulting from the
enormous debts of the States, and the vi
tiated condition and scarcity of the cur
rency, have hardly a parallel in the past'
history of the country. The load of tax
es, imposed on the people to pay the in
terest on the immense debt contracted by
the States, is not only embarrassing, but
threatens us with a worse misfortune in
the loss of the national limns. 'rise pay
ment of heavy taxes in times like the pres
ent, when money was scarce and all
l tura! productions of the country great
ly depreciated in price, is so difficult and
oppressive, that it is to be feared, a rein,
, dy will alter a while be sought for the
evils endured by the people,in repudiation
by the States.* This is the dangerous
tendency of the spirit of the times and
should be resisted by the adoption of such
measures as will remove the cause of the
apprehended evil. The infamy will at.
tack to us as a nation, if any of the States
should refuse to pay their debts; will be
esteemed by every patriotic citizen as the
heaviest mislortune which can befal us.—
To relieve the people, and thereby pre
vent,the occurrence of such deep national
disgrace as will follow the refusal of the
States to pay their debts, should be the
anxious care of all those who occupy posi-
Lions which may enable them to contri
bute to an object so desirable. But how
is this relief to be afforded 1 is the ques•
tion which is naturally suggested.
' By the act of Congress, passed the 4th
day of September 1841, the proceeds of
! the sales of the public lands were to be
!distributed among the several States, in
proportion to their representation in the
House of Representatives. This act con
templated a semi-annual distribution of
the proceeds of the public lands—but in
the embarrassed condition of the country,
the quantity of land sold was small, and
the s , uount for distribution so inconsider•
able as to afford but little relief to the
States in their pressing exigencies, even
hilftthe act remained in torce, An exten
ion, however, of the principle of this act
would afford immediate and effectual re
lief—and a measure having this object in
view was brought before Congress at its
last S,.•ssion by Mr. W. Cost Johnson of
Maryland ; a somewhat similar one har
ing been proposed by Mr. Meredith P.
Gentry, of Tennessee, as early as 1840.
The measure proposed by Mr. John Son,
contemplates an issue of stock by the
national government to the amount of
8200,000,000, to be distributed among the
States, indebted and non indebted in pro•
portion to their representation in Congress;
and ii. provides that the proceeds of the
sales of the public lands shall go into the
treasury of the United States and consti
tute a fund for the redemption of the stock
proposed to be created. It will be per
soireslliat this is but an extension of the
principle of the late act, which pi °vide a
the a semi-annual distribution of the pro
reedy of the sales of the public lands
among the states. This measure propos•
es, that in anticipation of the receipt of the
proceeds of such sales, the national guy
eminent shall give to the States, presently,
in the form of stock, what they would only
have received under the late law in a long
series of years, and in consideration of
this, the states are to relinquish to the
general government, the proceeds of the
public lands until the stock issued by it
shall have been redeemed. The exigency
of the times is pressing. Something must
be dune for the restoration of the prosper.
ity of the people and the preservation of
the faith and credit of the States. This
measure promi:es to effect these objects,
both of which are so desirable; and in
the present conjuncture of affairs there is
no other, in my judgment which can be
relied on, to afford such extensive, ellec•
tual relief as the country requires.
This measure does not contemplate, as
is generally supposed. an unqualified as•
sumption of the debts of the Stages by the
general government, but only that the
latter shall lend to the former the benefit
of its credit for a full equivalent. But if
an assumption of the debts of the States
were intended, there would be found both
precedent and authority of great names to
vindicate it. In 1790 Congress did as
sume the debts of the States —and Mr.
Jefferson, as 1 ant informed, was in favor
of the measure.
In claiming the aid of the ger.eal goy- I
erment, the States are not seeking a gra
tuity. They demand but an equivalent
for what they have done for the nation—
an equivalent which will cost the nation
nothing out the loan 4it its credit until the
proceeds of the public lands shall have
redeemed the stock proposed to be issued.
The work., the cost of which has so deeply
involved the States, have all contributed
to that common good, the wealth and ,
power of the whole country. Every spade
lull of earth which has been dug from our
canals; every foot of railroad which has
been constructed, has gone to swell the
general prosperity of the U.S. by opening
up ways to its inexhaustible resources and
facilities of communication between its
diflorent sections. What would the coun
try have been, in comparison to what it is,
were it not fur the improvements construc
ted by the States? It is the canals and
railroads, and other improvements tie-
* This, to some extent, has already been
the case with the States of Miaisissippi In
diana and Illinois ; but it is to be hoped, for
credit of these States, and the honor of the
country of which they form a part, that their
refusal to pay their debts was rather the
re.ult of in abilityto pay them, than of a
fr: oululent determination to cheat their cre
ditors .
It this charitable construction be correct,
the measure which is the subject of this let
ti.r, will enable them to redeem their char
acter as far as that is now possible.
signed and completed by the States outs
of their own means, which constitute the
glory of the country in peace, and which
will prove its strength and security in war,
should it ever be visited by such a calam•
ity. And when the States have crippled
themselves and embarrassed their citizens
by works of common utility, shall the na
tion deny them its aid, when such aid may
be furnished without detriment of the gen
eral welfare 1 Nay, the aid which they
ask is such as will be advantageous to the
general government in restoring its credit,
as it will be to the States and the people
in relievin
i; them from their embarrass
ments. Ihe national credit has received
a severe shock, abroad, from the failure of
several of the States to pay the interest
on their foreign loans. Being but imper
fectly acquainted in Europe, with the pe
culiar form of our Government, the default
ofthe States in meeting their engagements,
have effected the• credit of the United
States to such an extent that we are look
ed upon as but little better than a commu
nity of swindlers among whom obligations
of good faith are unknown. This opinion
so derogatory to our national character
prevails so far, that those European horses
who have been the guaranteers of our
State credit have been in danger of being
destroyed by mobs and riots. This mea
sure promises not only to afford relief to
the people, but will serve materially, to
re-establish our credit in Europe, and save
the nation from indellible disgrace which
will surely follow repudiation on the part
of the States; a disgrace which, if once
attached, will cleave to the character of '
the whole country forever. If this mea
sure does nothing more than save us from
• the stain of bail faith, which twenty cen
turies have not washed from the name of
Carthage—it should be supported by every
man who feels a proper regard for the
character of his country and its insti
tution.
But, let us enquire, what is to be objec
ted to in this measure? It will hardly be
alledged by those who were the advocates
of the late Distribution law, that Congress,
dues not possess the power to afford the
aid contemplated by this measure, and so
imp•r:tivety required by the condition of
the States. This measure but proposes
to extend the principles of that law with.
out changing it. But in addition to this,
it has already been shown that Congress,
by the direct assumption of the Stste
Debt in 1790, exercised a power involving
all that is required in the adoption of the
present measure. _ _
The argument urged against this mea
sure with the greatest effect, is the expe
diency of involving the General Govern•
ment in a large debt for the benefit of the
States. This argument is not well consid
ercd, inasmuch as it pre-supposes that time
people of tile U. States are not the same;
If it be conceded that this measure will
benefit the people of the States, enough is
conceded, not only to justify, but to re
quire its adoption. The object of all
governments is, or at least should be, the
weltiire of the people. But the adoption
of this measure will not materially in•
crease the debt of the country ; it proposes
rather to change the manner, and vary the
means of paying the existing debt, than to
create a neeme ; and in this change of
minuer and variation of weans, consists
the benefit of the measure. If the existing
debts are to be paid by the States. the
money to pay them must be drawn from
the pockets of the people by direct taxa
tion. But if the General Government
should undertake to pay them, the means
may be raised by the imposition of duties
upon foreign goods; and these duties, in
stead of being oppressive to ;he people, by
judicious discrimination in levying them,
may be rendered instrumental in its pros
perity. Indeed it is no slight reason for
the adoption of this measure, that its ten
dency will be to render the Tariff perma
nent, by withdrawing the fluctuating
amount of the proceeds of the sales of the
Public Lands from the objects to which it
is now applied—leaving the ordinary ex
penses of the Government to be paid out
of its ordinary revenue.
I have staled that the argument most
frequently urged against this treasure, is
the inexpediency ol involving the General
Govermnenilin embarrassments. Those,
however, who are acquainted with the past
financial history of the country, will not
feel any apprehension on this score. In
1815, when the population was less than
eiehi millions, the public dept exceeded
$123,500,000. The resources or the
country at this period, were less than half
what they are nt present; and the sut plus
revenue accumulating in the treasury, be
came a matter of greater inconvenience
than ever the debt had been. The popu
lation of the country has increased since
1815, from less than eii,tht to more than
eighteen millions—and the resources and
avaliable wealth of the country have in
creased in a greater ratio. ‘Vhat real
difficulty then, in view of these facts, is to
be apprehended from a debt of S 200,000,•
000 ? A debt ol this magnitude would be
very formidable to the States, and its pay
ment difficult and highly oppressive; but
[WHOLE No. 369.
to the United' States, in comparison, it
would be nothing. Ry the former it
would have to be paid, as before stated,
by a resort to direct taxation ; the latter
can pay it by a weil regulated tariff of du
ties, not only without oppression, but with
advantage to the great agricultural, man
ufacturing and mechani cal interests of the
country.
I have thus briefly stated some of the
reasons which recommend this measnre.
There are others but little less cogent--
One of the great evils of the times is party
violence, which discovers itself in hostility
to measures on account of their authors,
without regard to their intrinsic merits.
As soon as a measure become identified
with a particular party, from its parentage
or otherwise, the adverse party arrays
itself in opposition to it. Such has been
the experience of the country for years
past ; great is its experience at the pres
ent moment, The late distribution law,
aside from party, could hardly have failed
to commend itself to general favor; but
becoming identified with its great author,
the whole of a powerful party was arrayed
against it. Time measure now proposed,
has not yet encountered either the favor
or the hostility of party : and I trust it will
not. The condition of the country re.
quires that some measures of relief should
be adopted: and the interests which are
staked on this are of too great magnitude
to be sacrificed at the shrine of party pre
judice. If this measure be such as its
friends regard it, let the people embrace
it. Let them not be driven from its sup
port because this or that party has refused
it its countenance. Can the people of our
State, in view of its condition, suf
fer party spirit to mislead them so far as
to cause them to reject the means of relief
which it proffers 7
Pennsylvania is involved in a debt of
nearly 540,000,000. The interest of this
immense sum, amounting to $2,000,000
annually, can only be raised by a resort
to direct taxation. Already the people
are overwhelmed with the weiht of their
hurthens, with nothing but &e hope of
relief renders tolerable. The payment of
the interest alone without any attempt to
extinguish the principal presently, or re
motely, swallows up the fruits of their
industry. This measure promises relief.
Of the $200,000,000 of stock to be issued
by the general government, for distribu
tion amongst the States in the manner
proposed, the share of Pennsylvania would
' exceed $20,000,000. This would at once
extinguish the half of the debt, when the
balance would become manageable and be
brought within the reach of remedy by
State legislation.
But bad as is the condition of Pennsyl
vania, it is nut worse than many of the
other States. Subjoined is a statement of
the debts due by the several States:
ABSTRACT.
Statement of the debts of the several
States, Territories, and District cities
of Columbia, as reported to Congress
by the Secretary of the Treasury, June
25,1842:
Amount outstanding
and unredeemed.
Main
5,424,157 00
40,000,000 00
15,214,761 99
817,920 00
888,100 00
116,010 00
4,057,200 63
8,691,234 41
606,750 00
15,400,000 00
23,985,000 00
7,000,000 00
0,085,500 00
5611,000 00
10,924,123 00
12,751,000 00
13,527,272 53
842,261 00
22,559,733 91
3,598,166 00
Massachusetts
Pennsylvania
Maryland
City of Washington
Alexandria, 1). C.
Georgetown, D. C.
Virginia
South Carolina
Georgia
Alabama
Louisiana
M las issi ppi
Kentucky
Michigan
Ohio
Indiana
'lllinois
Nlissouri
New York
Tennessee
8189,774,189 97
From a glance at the above table, it will
he seen that many of the, States are as
deeply involved, in proportion to their
means, as our own ; and some of them arc
more so. The adoption of this measure
will, in my judgment relieve them, at
least in a great degree. It will mitigate
the burthen of taxation ; restore the credit
of the States and the United States, at
home and abroad ; renovate business, and
revive the perishing prosperity of the
country. I have thus hastily in a desul.
tory way, thrown together any views on
this important subject. My object is to
draw public attention to the measure. If
I accomplish this I shall think I have done
some good.
Very respectfully
Your friend and
Od't Servan t,
JAMES COOPER.
F.O. nAncir,
Art may win uppLuse, but merit only
can retain it.