From the United States Gazette,
NEIr 101 K (I',STOM HOUSE
noGURRIES.
WAsmswroN, May 6, 1842
I hail only time last night, to give you
a Homo; yithic dose of the New York
Custom House villainies, as disclosed by
the report of Mr. PMnilexter, one of the
Commissioners appointed to investigate
that sink of corrnption, just printed and
sent to members. I will now endeavor to
give you, in as small a space as possible
the substance of some 40 pages of this
precious document.
I stated in my last letter how a certain
George A. IVasson, public storekeeper,
had, in three years, received $94,430 92
for cartage and labor, without producing .
vouchers to authorise the allowance of
this sum, or any other, besides a salary of
81500 per annum, large sums of money
for attending trials at Baltimore and Phil
adelphia, coal taken from that belonging
to the Custom House, for his own use,
goods abstracted from the Public Stores,
and the labor of men erupt()) ed and paid
by the government. I also told you how
this man charged government from two to
jive dollars a load for curling goods, when
merchants and others only paid from 311
to 50 cents per load, hauled the same
distance—each package hauled by his cart
tieing charged as a loud. 'Phis is one of
the frauds practised upon the government.
I believe 1 also stated that this honest
George A. Wasson was continued by Mr.
Curtis, precisely as lie had been placed
by Jesse Hoyt, that the same extravagant
and fraudulent charges for cartage and la
bor which had been sanctioned by Hoyt,
were continued by Mr. Curtis, with a full,
knowledge on his part of the outrageous
prices charged.
Believing your readers and the
, public
generally, will have been made sufficient
ly acquainted 5.',11 the character of this
Mr. Wasson, by the motive I have
taken of transaction - , 1. shall dismiss
him to take up and look at
The amount of money expended lot. s:nlion
ary in the rarioms departments cf . /he
N. Y. Custom House.
Namely 9 months of 1858 $8,487 50
1839 17,780 50
1840 16,713 16
S months of 1841 8,721 69
Total in j , lst 3 years, 861,703 22
Average, 817,234 42 a year.
Comparative prices of stationary under Jesse
Hoyt and P.wd. CuiPs, as shown by the
Testimony of David Felt, ::! 1 Old and re
spectable stationer.
Articles. Prices under Under Marit•
Hoyt. Curtis. Value.
Cash Book, 1 $2O - 011
4 Quires.
Bond Book, 15 812 6
Impost Book, Z 68 53 19 SO
15 Quires, 3
Masters oath , I 12 per reim 12 to 14 9
2 on a sheet.
Several other books same prices
Abstract 1 100 to 114 none 47 50
a
er S rer ream. er ream.
p bstract do. 1 p 7O per ream. 80 p per 15
inferior, per ream.
Abstract do. 1 40 per ream. $ll
smaller size. 5 per ream. ,
Pencils per gross, 15 to 28, 15 to 12, 9,00
Tape per gross, 12 to 18, 12 650
Wafers per lb. 1 72 1 50 60
Wax per lb. 1 75 1 50 75
Sand, $3 to 350 2 per 12i cts.
peck. per Peck
per peck,
The comparative statements are made
from the vouchers furnished to the com
missioners by the Auditor of the Custom
House. They were made not in consid
eration of the amount of expenditure, but
to exhibit a fair specimen of every other
expenditure, great and small, in the Cus
tom House, for a series of years past.
There was expended fur books, station
ary, and printing, during the last quarter
of Mr. Hoyt's collectorship, including 20
days which Mr. Morgan was in office, and
a few days before the second quarter, the
following sums for the subjoined articles:
For Blank Books, 81,577 00
Steel pens, and a few quills, 1,322 50
Lead pencils, 618 00
Foolscap and post paper, 414 75
Report and envelop paper, 503 88
Letter paper, 893 50
Drawing paper, 50 00
Tape, 486 00
%Valera and wax, 449 00
Sand, 82 00
Blanks, 2,435 00
Knives, 161 00
Ink, 155 00
Sundries, 116 57
Total,
"This enormous sum," says Mr. Poin
dexter, "stands charged on the books of
the Custom House in the short space of
three months, of which $5,416 II were
debtited to the collector's and storekeep
ers offices, in which there were employed
seventy-nine clerks, making an avecage of
$285 77 per annum for stationary for each
person attached to these offices. There I
was during this quarter one, hundred and
thirty-six reams of foolscap and letter pa
per ordered and supplied for the use of the
Custom House, which forms a part of the
aggregate sum as above stated. It is evi
dent that so large an amount of stationary
could out have been required for any le
gitimate purpose connected with the busi
ness of the several ilepartments of the
Custom House, to be used in the short
apace of three months, and therefore, the
greater portion of the articles purchased
must have passed into the hands of Mr.
Curtis, who succeeded to the office of
Collector about the close of that quarter,
or have been lradulently abstracted from
the Custom House, of which no evidence
t but in
(Mr. Curtis in the second quarter of the
sanie year, being the first quater after he
became collector, there is charged for dis
bursements in the purchase of stationary ,
ordered and received by him for the col- 1
lector's office alone, $1,753 75; for the
appraisers $llB 50; for the Storekeepers
$203 83; for inspectcrs $24 50; for the
store in Washington street $2O 56, ma
king in the whole, the grand total of
$10,942 90 for the stationary alone, du
ring one half of the year 1841."
* * • • •
" The single item of steel pens and
quills, of the latter of which but few were
ordered, and therefore scarcely worth
mentioning, amounting, during the three
years of Mr. Iloyt's administration of the
Custom House to the sum of $6,255 16!
The price of these pens, charged in the
bills rendered and paid by Mr. Hoyt,
ranged from the minimum of nine dollars
per gross, to the maximum of twenty dol
lars per gross, the larger portion being of
the lower class, which are in general use
for clerks, both mercantile and official,—
The depositions of David Felt, E. J. Eno
and Josiah Iladen, who are large dealers
in the article of steel pens, are referred
to, to show the standard price per gross of
the description used at the Custom House.
In purchasing in boxes, which is the most
convenient mode of supplying clerks, (the
cards being entirely useless,) it will be
seen that the first class of " Gallot's"
Magnum Bonum pens, or pens of equal
quality, could be supplied in the New
York market, at four dollars and fifty
cents per gross on the card, or on , :.
that sum in boxes ; and what denomina
tedthe " commercial pm', at two dol
lars per grosg on the card, or $1 20 in
boxes. Taking the average of these prices,
7i .
considering that nineteen-twentieths
I of the pens supplied to the Custom House
are of the latter class, it will appear that,
at these rates the sum appropriated by
Mr. Iloyt while he remained in the office
would have supplied the enormous quan
tity of 432,237 pens, making an average
of 144,079 per annum, to be distributed
among about one hundred clerks who are
, - ;_mstantly employed in writing, on an
averae of about 1500 pens each per
annum.'
The report .:!ates that Mr. Erno offered
to supply Mr. Hoyt Arjth such pens as he
paid $9 per gross fin., ai $1 50 per gross ;
but he declined the offer it) decidedly, as
to prevent a repetition of it.
"It may be asked why particm'Zr indi
viduals are allowed and paid at rates ran
ging from $9 to $22 per gross, for pens,
for the use of the Custom House, where an
after to supply like articles at the moderate
price of $1 50 per gross, is contemptuous
ly reject'd and shunned? The under
signed the volume of evidence
taken by the
•• .inners to demon
strate
the fact, which, in the absenceof
clear proof, might well be douni,?d, ! h a t
this and numerous other oases of favoritisi7:
so gross and palpable that none can mis
take it, had their origin in a system of
fraud on the public Treasury to promote
the interests of selected partizans, who
could be relied on for efficant services in
popular elections.
" The conclusion is strongly enforced
by the mass of evidence taken in relation
to the existence of a Custom House TAX,
regularly levied and paid, in advance of
elections for city officers, for Governor and
Representatives in the State Legislature,
for members of Congress, and for Presi
dent and Vice President of the U. States,
during the whole period of the two prece..l
ding administrations of the Federal Gov
ernment, This tax was graduated on a
scale corresponding with the salary receiv
ed by each officer and the importance of
the pending election, and a refusal to pay
it, was immediately followed by removal
from office.
" It will also be seen by the report of
the surveyor and other evidence, that nu
merous officers of the Customs were absent
from duty, either by the express permis
sion of the Collector, or without censure
from that officer, for weeks and months
prior to election•, for no other purpose
than to influence voters, and lend their
aid to the success of candidates favorable
to the party in power, while their salaries,
as officers of the government, suffered no
diminution in consequence of their absence
from duty."
Mortifying as it is, to be obliged to ex•
pose such conduct in a high and responsi
ble officer of the Government—conduct
which reflects so much disgrace upon the
country, the Commissioner states that du
ty leaves him no alternatire, and that the
facts stated are established by a chain of
testimony which to every impartial mind
must be conslusive.
8,721 69
"The same system of wasteful extrava.'
gance is seen in every article falling under
the denomination of stationary. During
Mr. Iloyt's three years of official service
there was paid the enormous sum of $26,-,
2:7 14, on an average of gB, 752 38 pert
annum, for blank books: As will be seen l
by the table above given, books which
could be supplied at $l9 50, are charged
at $6B. Some that are worth only Sll,
are charged at s2o—those charged at $l5
are rated at $6, and so on. In the bills
rendered by O'llerr and others, the article
of writing sand k charged at the rate of
from S 3 to $3 50 per peck, and in some
cases even higher; when it was in proof
by the deposition of David Felt, that he
supplied the same, if taken by the bushel
at;l2l cents per peck, or 50 cents per bush•
el ; and it taken by the single peck, at 25
cents ; at these rates he states that his prof
it would be 200 per cent.
_ _
. During Mr. lloyt's time, three years,
......i.i r.,n writing sand, the sum
of $202 38, which, at the customary rates,
would have purchased 404 i bushels.
It appears, too, that Mr. Hoyt porches
ab street paper, or blue laid English
imperial" ruled, which is charged in o'.
Herr's bill at the rate of from $lOO to 8144
(one hundred and forty-lour dollai 8!) per
ream, its value being in New York, from
$3O to 847 50 per ream. " Impost-book
paper," which is worth $l5 per ream, is
charged at from $7O to 580 per ream ; and
demi, worth 511, at 840 per ream.
The Commissioner sates that all the
supplies from the Custom House were fur
nished at second hand by certain favored
individuals who had an opportunity of pur
chasing the articles at prices even less than
those mentioned as their market value,
and who of course, made an enormous
profit. " The system of favoritism, so in
consistent with the public interest and
fair dealing, was uniformly extended to
the most violent political partizans, who
earned the favor by their devotion to the
hand from which they received it."
From Rhode Island.
The Providence Journal of Saturday
has the following article:
THE TRIUMPH OF THE LAWS.
The importance of the triumph of law'
and order over violence and treason,'
which has been achieved by the firmness
and prudence of the government, aided by
the manly support the citizens, cannot
be over - estrntated. It is a triumph, not
for l l'.. ode Island alone, but for the Union;
for the cause of republican government;
and, unless we are greatly mistaken, the
State of Rhode Island has earned and will
receive the gratitude of the whole country.
It was achieved by our own citizens
alone; not a soldier of the General Gov.
ernment was here • and, although the
authorities had full confidence that the
General Government would interpose,
still it was not believed by the insurgents,
who were fully under the influence of
their leaders. It had therefore no moral
effect upon them. it must be confessed,
also, that some of the friends of law began
to think that the interposition of the Gen
eral Government, although it would be
efficient when it came would be late.—
The article in the Madisonian, which we
copied in Wednesday's paper, strength
ened this opinion ; and every one said on
Tuesday, " now we must take care of
ourselves." The insult which was unen
durable, " the last drop that made the cup
run o'er," was the seizure of the Artillery
guns. The Cadet Armory, which adjoins
I that of the Artillery, was filled with men,
entreatjng pertnission to defend the guns.
The commander of the company, who
himself siiored to the full in the universal
sentiment, 1 :,,;d the greatest difficulty in
restraining them. An extract was sent to
the Governor for perrits6-ul to attack the
detachment employed in setZ,PZ the guns;
it came fifteen minutes too late. but in
i i :;: . !1e to prevent them from taking the: shot.
Theo:, ''•• of the Governor to the chartere:lii
•-•
companies Yi ds
.issued after sunset of that
day, and by sunri se •
- e di the next, it was
,
answered by eight hut .. . Wen , - .`aYonets.—
The militia turned out nobin b,;.siness
was suspended as teat as the news art.'" .
ved, and the whole State aroused to arms
with an enthusiasm which showed at once
that the people were not only for law and
order, but were determined to maintain
both.
On the arrival of the Newport Artillery
at Newport, they were received by 250
men under arms and waiting orders. The
whole body immediately proceeded to one
of the. churches, where divine service was
performed, and solemn thanksgiving offer
ed to that Almighty Power whose mercy
had given us victory without blood.
The Bristol and Warren companies
were also received on their arrival by es
corts of their fellow citizens.
A FEARFUL RIDE,
The Ithaca and Oswego railroad as it
comes into this valley, descends in less
than half a mile nearly 500 feet by means
of two inclined planes. The cars on their
arrival at the upper engine house are de
tached from the locomotive, and permitted
to descend to the lower engine house un•
der the control of beakers. From the
lower engine house, which is the top of
the first inclined plane, the passengers
are brought to this village by stage. This
is done because of the steepness of the
lower inclined plane; it descending 450
feet in the distance of 1750, or nearly at
an angle of 45 degrees to the horizon. No
person of sane mind would venture his
neck by going down this inclined plane,
as in case of the car becoming detached in,
ileggending, it would inevitably be dashed ,
to atoms.
On Saturday last, the car contained
eleven passengers, was detached as usual
at the upper engine horse, but it was found
that the brakers did not operate, and that
the car was hastening with constant ac•
celerated rapidity towards the brink of the
lower inclined plane. The forward brake
man leaped from the car for the purpose
of throwing it oft' the track by means of a
beam, but he stumbled and 'ldled in his
object. The other brake man sat at his
post like a hero, calling to the passengers
to jump and save themselves. On went
the car with dreadful rapidity, and one by
one the passengers jumped out. The,
Hon. Amasa Dana leaped from the car as'
it passed through the lower engine house,
and there also the brake man sprang for
his life. One man alone was unable to
escape, before the car, which was already
outstripping the wind, made the plunge
down the lower plane. The whole length
of this was traversed almost in an instant.,
About 100 feet from the bottom the car
left the track, dashing to pieces the iron
wheels on which the engine rope plays,'
and splintering the beams which bound
the tracks together, until it reached the
foot of the plane, where it was dashed into
a thousand fragments. One of the car
wheels was shivered to pieces, the heavy
iron axletree broken, and scarcely any
one piece of the body left entire. We saw
the wreck, and if a bomb shell had burst I
in the car it could not have more com
pletely demolished it. In the midst of the
fragments the man who descended with
the car was found, his arm broken above
and below the elbow, and his head severe
ly fractured. Medical assistance was at
once rendered, and there is some hopes of
his recovery. Ills name is Babcock, and
he is a relative of Mr. Eber Babcock, of
this village. During the delirium occa
sioned by the blow, the wounded man kept
constantly repeating ww•ds as if endeavor
ing to stop a team of horses.
Judge Dana was but slightly hurt, al
tho' several of the passengers who bprarg
from the car were severely but not dan•
gerouslv injured.
Mr. h., whose escape with life is little
short of a miracle, was at the time our pa
per went to press, gradually improving, l
and confident hopes are entertained of his
recovery.—lthaca Journal.
MORE HOARDING OF SPECIE.
We made mention in the lust Record,
of a large sum of specie found in posses
sion of an old German of this county, at
his decease, which occurred lately, and
stated that it went to prove that no in
considerable portion of the specie of the
country was locked up. But we have a
still more and truly remarkable story to
relate, going to illustrate the same point.
A deposite of between 1100 and 1200
dollars of gold, all in eagles and half
eagles, was made at the bank of Chester
county last week, belonging to the estate
• of Mrs. Marshall, widow of the late John
Marshall, of Pennsbury township we be
lieve, some 8 or 10 miles south of this bo
rough. This gold was found after a lons
search in an old desk, which had in it
several secret chambers, and is supposed
to have been secreted by John Marshall
sometime prior to his death, twenty-eight
. years ago! The desk was curiously con
structed, of great antiquity, and it appears
on raising the lid, presented a series of
. pigeon -holes. The desk and its contents
were bequeathed by the old roan to his
wife, and at her death she left it to her
, friend and relative Mrs. Way, as a family ,
relic, and without any idea of its contents'
as is supposed. A few (lays since, but
, many months after the death of Mrs.
Marshall, the desk was carefully examin
ed in search of treasure, as it was an old
belief in the neighborhood, that the old
gentleman, Mr. M., had a " tin-cup full"
of gold ; but. after his death no one knew
what had become of it. The desk was
ransacked ; a small creviee in the bottom
attracted attention— on inserting the blade
b f a knife it flew open, and several hued
red jnßars in silver were found! This
magnificent discovery stimulated curiosi
ty; and fur:bee search was made. The
pigeon -holes wer, tried—they drew out
and behind them svas a series of secret
boxes-
On examining these boxes, lo! the
lon t
g- of
gold was bro:2ght to light!
The El Dorado, after the lapse of more
than a quarter of .‘ century, was discover.,
ed , and a great nty's, "ry revealed.
In connection with We above, it is wor
thyeffects willed
of note, that among die
by Mrs. M., were from titre,' io filar thou•
sand dollars of personal propeoY, in bank
notes. They had been in her possession
during the late suspension, and on the or
praisement it was found, that notwit.s.l
standing the depreciation of currency and
the crashing of banks, they are all on in
stitutions that now redeem their notes in
gold and silver.-- IV. Chester Record.
From the United States Gazette.
Balloon alseension.
BELLEFONTE, May 17, 1842.
Mr. Chandler :—Last Saturday, the
good people of Bellefonte were gratified
with the novelty of an aerial excursion. The
day was extremely fine for an ascent, and
the inhabitants inside the yard numbered
much stronger than is usually the case in
country villages. At S o'clock, tlie bal
-1 loon left the prison yard amidst a dead
calm, and in twenty minutes alter, the
most picturesque country was presented
to the view that could be imagined. The
endless chain of the Allegheny, with all
its little neighbors running in parallel
uniformity, and the beautiful green val
leys reposing between them, gave the
scene an unique and magnificent appear-,
unce. The numerous little villages in'
the valleys, had the appearance of so ma
ny different country seats in the midst of
the most luxurious pleasure gardens, The
many columns of smoke rising from the
different Iron Works, dispersed through the
mountain regions of Centre county, also
enlivened the scene, and indicated that
an earnest anticipation of the passage of
a tariff was urging ,the energies of the
workers of metal.
Although this was my thirty fourh at
mospheric voyage, yet none has bep
more pleasing and interesting than
last. It would be utterly imposs:'
me to give an adequate ileac , '
such splendid mountain ace
traveller who passes throw , '
on the surface of the earl
sails over it a mile ate
like antipodes in de.
four o'clock, 11 pas
and over Nitta ,
ter landed e
fourteen •
habitants near the spot of landing looked
at the balloon with astonishment, and
were anxious to learn the nature of the
machinery inside; but after itwas dischar
ged and rolled up in a small compass,
their curiosity was changed into suspicion,
and I could only, with persuasion, get it
accommodated in a barn until it should be
,sent for.
I have at present in use a black balloon,
which creates a congenial atmosphere
around it in the cold upper regions of the
atmosphere, from the radiating superiori
ty of that color over a lighter one. It is
now beyond a doubt, in my mind establish
ed, that a current from west to east, in
the atmosphere, is constantly prevailing
within the height of twelve thousand feet
from the level of the Ocean. Both my
trips, this season, were strong proofs of
this. At Lewistown, I arose with a
breeze from the southwest, and finally lan
ded east of that place,
Very respectfully, your obedient friend,
J. WISE.
THE HUNTINGDON JOURNAL
"One country, one constitution, one destiny."
Huntingdon, June 1. 1842.
V. B. PALM ER, Esq. (No. 104 S. 3rd St.
Philadelphia,) is authorized to act as Agent
for this paper. to procure subscriptions and
ad vertismen ts.
Special Election.
On the 20th of May the special election
for member of Congress in the place of the
Hon. Joseph Lawrence, deceased, was
held in Washington county, and resulted
,in the election of the lion. R. M. T. Mc
KENNiarq, by a majority of upwards of three
hundred. Mr. McKennan formerly rep
resented Washington county in Congress
with distinguished ability. He is a staunch
Whig.
Love and Suicide.
On Saturday the 21st ult. a young wo- 1 ,
man, the daughter of a respectable farmer',
in Bucks county, Pa., committed suicide
by hanging herself to the limb of a tree.
She had been married but a few weeks
ago. through the influence of her father.
to a young man of his choice, while at the
same time she was affectionately devoted
to another. 1t is said that her husband was
making preparations to take her to his own
home, which no doubt hurried on the pain
ful event. This is another warning to pa
rents, that the affections of a tender heart
are not to be trifled with. Disappointed
love is assigned as the cause that impelled
her to the commission of the rash act.
A Launch.
It is estimated that not less than from
forty to fifty thousand persons were pres
ent at the launching of the United States
frigate Cumberland, at Charlestown, on
Tuesday of last week.
Otr - AarroLD PLUMER has been recom
oended by several of the Loco Foco pa
pers as a !candidate for Governor in 1844.
O The citizens of Lexington, Ky. in•
tend giving a public dinner to the Hon
HENRY CLAY on the 9th of June.
Or The Clinton County Democrat an
nounces WlLLram F. PACKER, of Lyco-'
ming county, the present Auditor Gener•
al,as a candidate at the next Gubernatorial
contest. Mr. Packer has many warm
friends, and were it not for them poli•
tics" of his, we would say that he is well
qualified fur the Executive chair of this
Comnror.wealth.
A " Skunk” and a " Goat') in
Congress.
Th , ! excitement occasioned by Messrs.
Stanley and Wise has subsided, and Messrs
Arnold of Tennessee, and Miller of 0'
are now metamorphosing each oche
infinite amusement of their cr
In a debate in the House r'
tives, a short time ago,
as they say in Cor
between them •
what was
Mr "
Congress.
We proceed to give a synopsis of the
"sayings and doings" at Washington city
for the past week.
On the 18th ult. in the Senate, Mr. Al
len's resolutions on the Rhode Island affair
were disposed of by laying them on the
table on a motion to print. The Navy
Appropriation Bill was under discussion
without arriving at any determination.—
The President has signed the General
Appropriation Bill.
On the 19th, the Bill refunding to Gen.
Jackson the fine of 81000, imposed upon
him by Judge Hall, was under considera
tion, when a substitute was offered to the
whole Bill, refunding the 81000, but pro
viding that it should not be so construed
as in any way reflecting upon the Judge
who imposed the fine. The substitute
was adopted by a vote of 25 to 22. Finding
that they could not get the real "Simon
Pure" resolutions passed, the Loco Focos
now turned round and voted against're.
funding at all. The Bill was voted down
by 24 to 17—every Loco Rico except one
(voting against refunding.
An Executive session employed the
Senate for the greater part of the day on
the 20th, and in the House the Navy Ap•
propriation Bill was under consideration
all day, without being disposed of.
The Senate was not in session on the
21st.
In the House the Navy Appropriation
Bill was under consideration on the 21st
and 22nd. Several amendments were
offered. discussed and adopted. The Bill
passed finally by a vote of 171 to 36, and
was sent to the Senate, where it was re
ferred to the Committee on Finance.
In the Senate, on the 24th, Mr. Buchan
an called up the Apportionment Bill.
which was discussed till the hour of ad.
journment. In the House the Army Ap
propriation Bill was taken up. Retrench,
ment is " always in order" in the Hones
at this session. They have just cut dowtal
the Navy, and now they are trying theit
hands on the Army. This Bill will drink
employment ,for the House for perhaps.'
week yet.
Rhode Island.
It seems that the war and rumors of t zj
in this little State have at leng2l4wP9
ed. Mr. DOER, the Governot elect of
the rebel party, fled from the State t
quarters unknown, while the proper
authorities were in pursuit of him; aril
his deluded followers have dispersed a
gone to their respective homes. It is
be hoped that this may be the end of vi
lent measures, and that the citizens w
now proceed peaceably and legally to
correction of such evils as may exist
their Constitution and Government.
We are, and always have been, e '
sed to circumscribing or restrictin
elective franchise. The ballot box
speak the voice of the whole peo
have understanding to know t
and necessities, and who contri t
support and defence of the Go
under which they live. Where . •
o d f en re ie fo d, rm re s l i o lo rm uld is b s e va d n o t t e.
le d thr ß ou ut
visions of the Constit
and not through tre e c I i
cause that has its founthic '
justice needs no such agen : 7
ened country. To us i' .
I
•
difficulties in Rhode Is!
about by political n• l
gogues who would w
, f l
blood and carnage
their own political e
ruin. Sil,
It was pain!
portion of t!
/ 1 1 1
of the minori
ring up party
ing our natio ,
I CI
r
bestowing
epith I
i