From the Newark Daily Advertiser. Letter From Gen. Scott. The following circular letter from Major (irn Scott has been handed to us for publi cation. It has been drawn from him, we understand, by numerous letters from va rious parts of the Union, including applica tions from the citizens of New Jersey, as king his opinion concerning the politics of the day. WASIIINGTON, Oct. 25, 1841. Gentlemen;—l have lately had the ho , nor to receive many letters from as many different States, each propounding, on the part of the writer and his neighbor, nearly the same political interrogatories—to which answers are requested. The scope of the inquiries is a flatter ing proof of the interest that some of my countrymen take in the opinions that 1 have formed on certain great principles of abiding importance to the success of our system of government ; and as I have nothing to conceal, if nothing of value to communicate, 1 shall, at once, without political reserve, and in the form of a cir cular, comply with their several requests. Party Po/tam—Although from early manhood, I have, by the profession of arms, in the defence of our country, been thrown ont of the arena of party politics, yet I have never ceased to be an attentive observer of public events, and thus, I be lieve, there has scarcely been a discus sion of moment in Congress, within my time, on which I did not form, and mod - istly but firmly, express a passing opin ion. A mere youth, I felt the liveliest joy when the alien and sedition laws expired in the triumph of Mr. Jefferson. From 1806, I was old enough, by speech and pen, to call for a prompt and energetic re dress of our wrongs suffered from Great Britain, under her orders in Council, the attack on the Chesapeake frigate, and long continued impressment of our sea men; and when the war of 1812 at length came, 1 was among the first and longest in the presence of the foe, The insults received from the French Directory— their deptadations on our commerce, re newed under Napoleon's decrees, (Berlin and Milan) which •followed the British Orders in Council, also largely shared in my indignant reprobabion. _ _ - The Adminis . trations of Mr. Madison and Mr Monroe like that of Mr Jefferson, had in their respective periods, my hum ble, but hearty approbrtion; and I have ever since censured nothing in either but the sale of a part ; nil the dismantling of triir Navy; the gun-boat system of defence that followed, and the indefinite embargo which, crippling us for war, by destroy ing our commerce and finances, and op• pressing agriculture, wars long continued without redressing one outrage from a• broad. give this little sketch of the growth of my party feelings or opinions—unim portant, perhaps, except to myself and a few partial friends, to show that, if I have never been a Federalist, in any party sense of the term, so neither have I been a Jacobin, an impracticable, or abstrac tionist, in any sense whatever, 'out always an old fashioned republican, devoted to the support of law and order; a democrat ic Whig just as all my family hail been Whigs in the great struggle for national freedom and independence. The Judiciary.—From an early and long continued study of elomentary my mind has ever been imbued with deep reverence for the Bench—State and Fed eral; an independent department in our system of government, and which, hold ing neither the Purse to corrupt, nor the Sword to terrify, addresses itself only with the mild force of pursuasive reason, to the intelligence and virtue of the whole community. By the Federal Constitu tion, every safeguard is provided to shield its Judiciary against fleeting prejudice, political rancor, arid party dependence, to which legislators and the Executive a..e. unavoidably, directly and constantly ex% posed. Hence, "to the one Supreme Court" is widely extended ~ by "appellate jurisdiction") "all cases in law and equi ty, arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States and tei ritories made, or which shall be made under their authority." Looking to this express provision, I have always held that when a doubtful question, arising under the Constitution itself, the supreme law of the land; under an act of Congress or a treaty, has once been solemnly adjudicated by that Court, the principle of the decision ought to be taken, by all, as definitively settled; un• less, indeed, it be upon a re-hearing be fore the same tribunal. This appears to me too clear for disputation; for the court is not only declared to be supreme, arid hence can be no bench beyond it ; but to Congress is only g;ven the power to con stitute inferior tribunals. By appeals to the Supreme Court, a settlement was in. tended to be reached, and anarchy, thro' a long distraction of the public mind, on great questions of legislative and execu tive power, thus rendered impossible. Prac tically, therefore, for the people, and espe dally their functionaries, to deny, disturb or impugn principles thus constitutional! y established, strikes me as of evil example, if not of a direct revolutionary tendency, except indeed, in the case of a judicial decision enlarging power and against lib erty; and any dangerous error of this sort can be always easily corrected, (and should only be corrected) by an amend ment of the Constitution, in one of the modes prescribe by that instrument itself —the organic law of the States and the people. itAisconstructions of the law, oth er than the Constitution, are yet more readily corrected by amendatory or de claratory acts of Congress. The Executive Yelo.—Thistir the fra mers of the Constitution, could only have been designed-1, To enable the Pres- Intent to defend his own rightful powers !against usurpations on the part of Con gress, 2, To enable hitn to forbid other legislative infractions of the Constitution; and 3. •ro guard the country against other acts of hasty or violent legislation. It is hardly possible to conceive a case under the first or second of these heads, against which the Judiciary—the balance wheel of the system—does not aflOrd, of itself, all the security that the people can require. But without the protection of either the !lentil or the Veto, would the executive department (become so super-judicial of late years) be too weak to fulfil the strictly executive functions for which it was more particularly created? Or rather, would not that department be the most powerful for evil in the government? The President is under the checks of the constitution and law, rightfully inves ted with the powere of the Sword, and he has again and again had that of the Purse also. 'the Houses of Congress, it is true, lay taxes, for imports and regulate the sales ot the public domain, but it is he (thro' his agents) handles the proceeds. From 1833 to 1836, to say nothing of the present, he alone nominated and dismis sed all the agents who kept as well as those who collected, distributed and dis bursed the public revenue. The apothegm —make us your executor: we care not who are your legiseatotw has a frightful ap plication to such small agents and the immense treasure that anually passes through their hands The rapid increase and spread of popu lation; the growth of national wealth, the amount of revenue collected and disbur sed; the new relations, by the extension of commerce, with foreign countries; the additional appointments at home and abroad; the number and value of contracts —all constantly and necessarily on the increase; a general decay in morals, per haps as great in Congress as elsewhere; the habit that we have seen prevail during several Presidential terms—of filling pub lic offices with but little or no regard to moral standimr -- - - -tiave, taken together, al ready opened to the head of the govern ment elements of power and corruption which it was impossible for the framers and adopters of the constitution to fore see or to conceive. Who, at that dis tant day, for example, ever dreamed of the spectacle which have recently disgus ted every honest citizen, of post masters, mail contractors. mail rents, and census takers covering the land with pamphlets, handbill, and extra gazettes, sufficient, if read, to sap the morals, public and pri vate, of an entire government? of the cus tom house mercenaries in the large cities, living on the public, neglecting every du ty (or party meetings and the polls, and rendering to power the most bribe worthy services. Of district attorneys and col lectors, rambling missionaries, defending every abuse of office--their own the most indecent—in order to maintain power in the hands of their patron? All who have reflected on the foregoing facts mnst be ready to affirm—that Executive patron-', age "has increased, is increasing, and ought to be diminished." I hope then, by an early amendment of the constitution, to see a reduction of the President's veto. The regulation of pat ronage would properly follow. 'There can be no good reason why the veto should not `ie overcome by a bare ma jority in each house of Congress, of all the members elected to it—say for the benefit of reflection, at the end ot ten days from the return of the bill. An amend. ment to this effect would still leave the President—the general representative of every State and district, armed with the votes of all the members, absent at the moment, front the respective Houses, and there will always be some members ab. sent from both. Rotation in offiee.—The inquiry under this head, is not definite in any letter be fore me. It is however, presumed to re fer—l. 'Co governors and secretaries of territories and some of the governors there in; district attorneys; collectors, survey ors, and naval officers of the customs, mar shale. postmasters, whose commiss:ons a• mount to a $lOOO per annum; navy agents, registers, registers and receivers of land offices, surveyors general of land, and In dian auents—all of whom are by law, ap pointed for a term of four years; but sub ject by express enactment (except the judges) to be removed at pleasure; 2. To a high class of civil officers, next to the chiefs, in the executiue departments at t ashington; other high functionaries— foreign ministers, secretaries of legation and consuls; post masters, whose coin, missions amount to less than a thonsand dollars per annum; superintendent of In t ;an affairs, Indian sub-agents, &c. all appointed without limitation as to term yet subject in practice, not by express law, to be also removed at pleasure; and 3. To the assistants allowed by law to very many of the principles included a. bove, which assistants are generally cal led clerks, some of them, deputies, ap• praisers, weighers, gaugers, sub-inspec• tors, store keepers, light house keepers, &c. &., all appointed and subject to remo val, as under the second head. I ars asked, whether, in my poor opin• ion, all these functionaries, amounting to many thousands, or any of them, ought to be periodically superseded by original ap pointmentsl If yes— 11 hen , And if a part only--If &left We hare seen that a great number of flees are filled for a term of years, and more without any limiaation as to term. I, however, can draw no line of just dis tinction between the claims of the two Iclasses upon the favor of country or gov lernment. Premising, that regular periodical chap. ges in the subordinate servants of the coup fry merely for the sake of change, would necessarily swell executive patronage, already too much swollen—l am obliged to add that I more than doubt, on other grounds, the policy and justice of such changes. I. Because, for the able and prompt execution of public business, much! official experience, in a great number of From the New York Express. particular stations, is known to be neces- WasmiNnTos, 15th Nov. 1841. sary; 2. Because many office holders, ap pointed under even reckless administra- To the Editors of the New York Express, twos, such as we have seen, will always, the same paper my old friend Mr. after a time, be found of tried integrity Dwight printed a spell ago. and of equal industry and abilities: S. Be_ Ma. Enrrons :-- cause, again, some may be found in a state I tell'd you in my last letter that Capt or honorable poverty, the result no less of in. Tyler had gone to Virginny—and that stern integrity, than of a long and exclu - w hilst he was gone, I was to put all the sive devotion to the interests of the pub_ Bank plans into my fanning mill and lie, and 4. Because to remove such ser- blow the chaffed the clear corn. Well, vants, or not to re-appoint them, at the this has been no fool of a job I can tell end of a term would not only discourage you, for out of more than a two bushel successors in a faithful discharge of duty basket of plans, there aitit more than a but could not fail to outrage the moral Food double handfull of solid clear corn sense of entire communities. I speak on left. this head, from what I witnessed in 1829 Captain Tyler has now got back from --SO, of the cruel experiment, on a large Virginny, and when I showed him my scale, then made upon the sensibilities of siftings--..we11" says he "Major your the country, and the mischiefs to the pub. mill has made a small matter on't any lic interests which early ensued. how--but there is enuf left for seed 1" What I would, therefore, humbly ad-I "Jest exactly," says I, "and if we can't vise, is this: To turn out, not only on a raise enuf from this small parcel for all change of President, but in any and every our purposes then I'm mistaken." "Now week of the year, all office holders known Major," says Canting Tyler, "I should to be deficent in either honest capacity, or like to know your notions about this mat industry, and to appoint in their stead, ter, for we have got all other things in al men known to possess those qualities, good train except this plagy money mat- Without an anxious attention to this rule, ter—if we can ()Ply get that going right a government of the people, resting on then we can say to all creation—all the virtue and intelligence, cannot long be fields are planted and if Providence smiles successfully maintained, for a blind or:on us—we shall have good crops." "That vicious distribution of enormous patron. is a fact," says I, "and if you'll listen I'll age would soon, by the force of the high. tell you a story in as short order as I can." i!st example, beat down all that is tought The Canting took his seat and pinted his ia the church, the schoolhouse and the nose right at me, and there is one thing I college. have particularly noticed in the Canting, One Presidential Term.--Of the eight,which is not the case with most folks— chief magistrates that Preceded General land that is, whichever way his nose pints i Harrison, wheat a tlatioo yet mourns, the r it is a sartin sign that he looks that way, first, iiiird, fourth, filth, and seveoth, pre•itt there is no mistake about it. sided over the Union, respectively, two "W ell, in the first place, we settled the successive terms; the other three, but four years each; and every one of the business about the origin of money—how eight, whilst in office, and why it was invented—first iron mom ce, became a candidate ey, next brass and copper money—next for a second term. I silver money, and how in the process of consider the sublime examples, set by the father of his country, in declining time and digging and mining, iron mo ney, got out of fashion next brass and third election, which has been duly fol- copper money, and now in England, even lowed by four popular Presidents, and silver money, as a "legal tender ;" but would no doubt have been observed with upon the whole as yet, that silver and equal good faith by the other three, under gold are at the present day money,—but like circumstances—as establishing a bar- there is no telling how soon, by science rier against a third term, as impassable as and digging that even one or both these if it were embodied in the constitution it- metals may not be found so abundant as self. But I do not consider it respect. to make them too common for constitu ful to the people, nor otherwise proper in tional money, or what folks call measures a candidate, to solicit a favor on a pledge, of value- justas iron, or brass, or copper that if elected, he will not accept a second have become. Well, that being settled, nomination. It looks too much like a bar we next examined into paper money, how gain tendered to other aspirants; yield to that was invented—being a representative me now, / shall soon be out of your way; o f money—that is, a kind of money—that too much like the interest that sometimes not only represents gold and silver, but govern the Cardinal in the choice of a houses and farms, and wheat, and pork, Pope--many voting for themselves first, and beef, and slips and merchandise, and and, if without success, finally for the every thing else in creation, called prop. most superannuated in oiler that the elec- ertY• dun may the sooner come around again. "Now," says I, Capting Tyler, keep I 8111, however, in favor of an amendment your nose to this pint (for as I said afore, of the constitution, in one of the forms pre the Capting's nose carries both his eyes scribed —declaring that no citizen shall and ears along with it, and the Capting's be eligible to a re-election to the Presi- nose is an almighty rose, and the Duke dency, and also of an extension of the of Wellington's is but a pug to it,) "now," term to that of a senator--•a period of six says I, "ever since paper money was in years, vented by the great democratic party of Agency of the President in Legislation. I am persuaded that this should be strict ly 1. To the veto, qualified as suggested above; 2. To the command of the constitution, "he shall from time to time, give to Congress information of the state of the Union, and recommend to their consideration such measures as he .hall judge necessary and expedient,"and 3. To furnishing, through the appropri ate executive departments, such details for Bills as any committee of either !louse of Congress may specially call for. Leading Measure of the late extra ses sion of Congress. If I had had the hon or of a vote on the occasion, it would have been given in favor of the land distribu ion Bill, the bankrupt bill, and the se cond Bill for creating a fiscal corporation, saving lung been under a conviction that in peace, as in war something efficient, in the nature of a bank of the United States, is not only 'necessary and proper,' but in dispensable to the successful operations of the Treasury, as well as to many of the wants of our commerce and currency. Secret oath-bound Societies.—l have not been a member of a masonic lodge in thirty odd years, nor a visiter of any lodge since, except once—now more than six teen years ago. There are, at many Aca demies and Colleges, as is well known, associations of students, tutors, and pro fessors for purely literary purposes, and their meetings, generally, for aught that I know, may be secret. Twenty eight years ago I was once present with such an association, and never since; and I have within five years, received many flatter ing notices of my havin g been enrolled as an honorary member of asmany such as sociations. I am sorry to be reminded that, by some strange neglect, I have fail ed to accept one of those honorable dis. trinctions. Finally, I am asked--If nomindted as a candidate for the Presidency, would you accept the nommationi I begg les*e re spectfully to reply—yes; proVitled. flint ,I be not required to renounce any printiple professed above. My principles are cOn victions. Hoping that you who have done the honor to invite this general reply, may with the millions, be enabled in a year or two to fix on some other citizen as your candidate more worthy, and therefore, more likely to conciliate the majority of popular suffrages. I remain, gentlemen, Your fri — end and fell..w citizen, WINFIELD SCOTT. creation, - who insisted that industry - and property was as good, and should be re-, presented as well, as mere gold and silver --they begen a new war between money on one side, and property and industry on the other-- that is, money wanted to het huld of as much propel ty, and industry as possible, and property and industry want ed to get hold of as much money as pos sible—each of course trying to depreciate ,the other." "In this state of things;" says I, "what I was and is the true duty of Government, whose duty it is to protect alike the own• ers of money and the owners of property and industry-- (property and industry be ing one and the same thing, for industry creates property." Here we brake off, as it was getting late, and went to sleep upon it, and I would advise folks generally to do the same thing, providing they think well over the matter, and understand it well before reading further. Well the next day we turned to agin and went over the whole matter. As his tory and facts tell us how at one time when all was snug and all branches of in dustry wag working along smoothly, Gov ernment took a notion to let folks manage their now paper money, and broke up the old balance wheel—and then how Slate Banks, and States themselves all went to work making au extra batch of Bills and Bonds and all kinds of "promise to pay— and all considered as money—and then of course how high property got--for land wheat and pork and wages and all, will and must rise in price just so far as you cheapen money by making it too plenty— and then how Government got alarmed and issued Specie Circulars, and wouldn't take any kind of money but hard money, and smashed away against all banks and paper money makers, bills, bands, notes and mortgages and brought a bushel mea sure right down to a quart pot—calling every man a rascally speculator who got caught on the wrong side of the fence.- 1 So that a good many folks who did not keep the run of things were like a man' who borrowed ice in January and agreed, !‘i pay it back in August—but govern ment rolks who held fat offices didn't led this as murh—their pay was ll,e some in gold—and of course the more valuable gold became the better for them, Why, says 1, Capting Tyler, if you bring all kind of property clown to gold and silver, and measure it by that standard alone, and have no other kind of money, then I say, giving all the property in the Union its fair chance, you could with one year of your wages (which you have a right to. take in gold) buy more property than you could shake a stick at. Now is that fair and reasonable? Is it right and just that this war of money against prrperty should go on till it gets to scalping, or shall thel whole people by the Government put a step to it, and so adjust matters that "property owners" and "money owners" shall both have a fair chance ? If a man buys a farm and pays half in cash and mortgages the balance, and Gov ernment adopts measures that changes money matters suddenly, and when pay day comes he finds what was worth a dol far is not worth ten cents in "Constitu tional money," away goes his farm and he is a beggar,—and just so it is with ev• cry body except the shaver and th.. fat of fice holder. It is the duty of the Govern ment to prevent it—and if the Constitution don't say so in so many words it only -bows that the wise folks who made it did not think it necessary to add to what it does say—that was the object and end of the People by their Government to make themselves as happy and prosperous as they could. That is wat I call an honest and fair construction of all doubtful pints. The country, says I, is now in trouble. Some of the States can't pay their just debts because the people of those States are junt'd—there is property cool and in dustry enuf all ready to make a flea-bite of the debts, and instead of being the scum of the world, or that part on't we own, we are able to put on the bunt of the other loot just as easy as to say so. And with that I handed over to the Capting that part of the clean corn I had been fanning the chaff from, and I tell'd him it was his business to see the planting on't. I had done my work in fanning off the chaff and now they must do theirs, and if they did not know how, then to let "the People's Congress" do it—that the evil upon the country had past off from " the rascally and unpopular Banks" and got down a mong the "popularity" itself—and this made a new question on't, and had noth ing to do with Vetoes as it once had—lor it had teach'd a pint that a Veto could not cure or remedy." And here I left the matter—and now if you wan't to know more about it, I refer you to Capting Ty• ler's next message and Mr. Forward's Treasury report, and if you don't find it there then look to Congress. And in the mean time it you want to trade safely, borrow ice in August and agree in return the same quantity in January, for every other bargain is unsartin till Government does something to settle this money ques-1 Your friend and lellow•ctf'zrn, J. DOWNING Maj. &r. dtc. dtc Hon John Q. Adams, durinu , a recent ,visit to mansfleld, Mass. announced to his constituents that he should cease to represent them at the close of the pres ent Congress. CONVENTION OF PRODUCERS .Votive to fl orking The workingmen of Huntingdon Coun ty, are requested to meet in their respec tive township, on Saturday afternoon Dec. dth for the purpose of appointing dele gates to meet in County ('invention, at Alexandria, on Friday Dec. 10th, for the purpose of expre , sing the Opinion of the working men, as to the measures of Reform, proper to he advocated by their, Representatives, at the ensuing session of the Legislature, and to consider what measures are necessary and proper to be adopted, to effect the organization, and promote the welfare of the paoducing class. We would respectfully call the atten tion of all persons to the necessity of at tt tiding township meetings • and have a fair expression of sentiment, as to the measures to be advocated, and he careful appoionting delegates that will carry out those measures, and have them fully in structed to do so. The neglecting to at tend the township meetings, by those who !lave no interest but the public good, and thereby permitting those who have a self• ish or party int , ,rest, that will attend them and have delegates appointed that will answer their purposes, are the principle reasons why men get into power, and measures are recommended that are not agreeable nor for the interests of a major ity of the community, and must stint con tinue to be so, until the primary meetings ,are more generally attended, for there and there only, can they express their opinions, and make arrangements to have them carried into effect—We would also call your attention to the One Term prin ciple, the electing of the Canal Commis sioners, the letting of the repairs of the public works in short sections to the low eat responsible bidder together with what may be thought proper. ROBERT LYTLE THOS. BURCHNELL DANIEL HEWII' Committee. JOHN S• ISETT JAMES TERRY November 18th 1641. THE JOURNAL. One country, one constitution one destiny Ilunlingdon, N0v.24, 1841. GEN &m's LErrEit.—ln our paper of to-day v ill be found a somewhat lengthy letter from the pen of General Winfield Scott. Although, we have made no dec larations, relative to our choice for the next Presidency, still we deem it a duty we owe to the people, to put them in pos session of the principles held by such per_ sons as may be likely to be before them as candidates, for nomination at the con test of '44. Sectarianism in Politics For the first time in our recollection, has sectarianism been introduced into the political field. For the first time has the churchman entered the political arena and proclaimed himself a political gladia tor, contending for specific privileges for his particular sect. And the fact, that it has been once done, should awaken, in the mind of every patriot, feelings of pro found regret, and a determination to re sist all such efforts ere they shall obtain power in partial success. If our beautiful fabric shall ever fall let not its foundation be assailed ere the blood of those who fought for religious freedom shall have sunk into the ground. Yet, fall it will, if that dread day shat ever come when religious intolerance shall forge its chains for the people.-- They can only retain their beauty and strength while every man, no matter Id what sect, mingles with the mass of the people, and by their united action guard their rights, and the rights of oth ers, at every avenue. Let no man stop to inquire what particular sect shall at tempt to array itself at the ballot box, and contend there I'm special privileges and powers. Be it Jew or Gentile, Cath olic or Protestant, every American citi zen should arouse, and by their firm pat riotic adherence to the principles of their fathers, drive back such fanatics, to the threshholl of their altar. Once let that demon—religious strife for power and place—rear its head in our free country. Once let it fasten its fangs upon our insti= tutions, and no power on earth shall force it away, until it tears out its heart, and scat Ors ruin and desolation over the earth and moistens her fairest fields with the blood of its sons. I.Vlien sect 13 arrayed against sect at the ballot box, each seek but ler power to oppress, and, perhaps, burn the other at the stake. In that contest they are found fighting for power alone. Success brings, instead of light and truth, intol erance and oppression. Instead of teach ing men to love one another, it encoura ges oppression—tills the dungeon and lights the torch. its ministers instead of peace and good will to all men, become the conscience keepers of some, and the ministers of death to others. Instead of offering the consolations of the gospel to the unbeliever, the wheel or the faggot are their instruments of conversion, and blood and tears form the cement with which they build up their temple. The history of the world is filled with admonitions upon this subject. It is written on the tombs of our fathers, and is heard from the graves of most of fallen nations. Americans, be not deaf to that call, awake ! and guard the citadel of your strength. When sectarianism shall snatch from your hands the ballot, "fare well, a long farewell to all your great ness." The Huntingdon Washington Tern: perance Society meets in the Court House on Saturday next, 27th inst. Michigan has gone in favor of the Locos, and they have the Legislature if rumor he correct. INFORMATION WANTED. INFORMATION is wanted of Mar tette Keller, who left Germany some time last spring. He was last heard of at Rochester, N. Y. Any information respecting him would be thankfully rece. ived by his brother, George Kvtter, qt Huntingdon, Pa. Nov. 24, 1841. Mr- Editors in 1,4 west would aid the cause of humanity, by giving the abovn an insertion in their parrs,