The President's Messages
Yucow-Ciouus or on Mous Au lioou or Russ-
SINTATITSI
Whoa we comp in thin tionditka of the country at the
pretest day with what it was one year ago, at the meow%
of Congress. we imell mach reason for gratitude to that
Alinigaty Providence which has Laded to interpose
for our relief at the mast milksl period of oar history.—
One year ago t h e emotional strife between the North and
the booth ba the dangeroas subject of Slavery had again
become so litine.•• te threaten the peace and perpetaity
of Me Coafederesy. The appboauciti for the admission of
Kerins as • State into the Union Imbued this unhappy
egitetion. and brought the whole subject once more beton
Oarignies. It was t h e desire of every patriot that snot
measures of legislation might be adopted aa would remove
the ezatiteatent from the States, sad °online it to the Ten
Mary aims it legitunauily belonged. Much has base
doom, I am happy to my, toward the acoomplishment of
this object deruig the last melon of Congress.
The Supreme Court of the United States had previotuly
Scalded that all American citizens have an equal right to
sane into the Territories whatever ia held as propsety
wader the laws of any of the States, and to hold such prop. I
etty there under the guardianship of the PeLeral Conltitu
don so long as the Territorial oo•dition shall remain.
This ts now a welliesteblished position, and the pro.
orteduip of the last Session were atone wanting to give it
presage' *Sot. The pnuciple has been recognised in
some term or other by fin almost unanimous vote of both
Maass of Congress, Met' • Territory has a right to come
taw the Union either as a fm or • slave State, according
to the will of a majority of be people. The Put equably
Of all the States bas Mug been vtudigeted, an# a fruitful
ewes of daagerosts d*senmen among them has be. rei
Moved.
While snob has hetis the beneficial tendency of your
legislative proeeedialk °skids of Kansas, their lnfiggeste
has 'matfett* basetialteppy as within that Territory Itself
Left to mange and aware/ its own affairs I. its own way,
tritium& tati pressure if eaternal influence, the revelation.
sty Topeka organization and all resultant's to the Temto
nal Ckoverament estalillakied by Coupes. have beep finally
abandoned. As • nataraf etietioqtamm, that nos Territory
now appears to he tranquil and prosperous, and Le attract
lag larrremung thousaads of immigrants to make it their
happy home.
Too past unfortunate experience of Hansa. has (intoned
the lessee so often already taught, that resistance to law •
fel antkonty, under our form of government, cannot fail
ta use mid to prove disestroas to us authors. Had the
people of she Irirritory yielded obedience to the Laws se
amed by their Legislature, it would at the present moment
have contained a large additional population of industrt
one and enterprising citizens, who have been deterred from
entering its borders by kie szistence of civil strife and on
poised rebellion.
It was the resistaaoe to rightful authority end the per.
soveriag attempt to establish a revolutionary government
wader the Topeka Constitution, which mused the people
of Leases to commit the grave error of refusing to vote for
delegates to t h e C lion to frame a Constitution under
• law sot dented to be fear and just in its provisions.—
This refusal to vote has been the prolific fumy** of all - the
evils which have followed. In their hostility to the Terri
tonal tiovertment, they disregarded the principle abso
lutely essential to the working of our form of government,
that • majority of those who vote—not the majority
who roes= at home, from whatever cause—mast decide
the result of the election. For this reason, seeking to
take advantage of their own dtror, they denied the author
ity of the Convention thus elected to frame a Constitution.
The Convention, notwithstanding, proceeded to adopt a
Constitution Unexceptionable ID its general features, and
providttig for, the submission of the Slavery question to a
vote of the people, which, In my opinion, they were bound
to do ander the Kansas and Nebraska aot. This 111114 the
all•important question which had alone convulsed the
Territory; and yet the opponents of the lawful Govern
went, persisting in their first error, retrained from exer
cising their right to vrte, and preferred that Slavery
shonid continue rather than surrender their revolutionary
Topeka orkentsauon.
A wiser and better spirit useemed to prevail before the
first Monday of January last, when an election was held
under the Constitutien. A majority of the people then
voted fur a tiovernor and other state officers, for a Meru
her of Congress and members of the State Legislature.—
Thu election was warmly contested by the two political
parties in Lenses, and a greater vote was polled than at
any previous election. A largo majority of the members
of the Legislature elect belonged to that party which had
• previously refused to vote. The Ants•Slarery party were
thus planed to the ascendant, and the political power of
the Suite was in their own hands. Had Congress admit.
tad Hansas into the Union under the Lecompton Coostitn-
Lion, the Legislature, might, at its very first session, have
• submitted the question to a vote of the people, whether
they would or would not have a Convention to amend
their Constitution, either on the Slavery or any other
question, and Uwe adopted all necessary means fur sir
' lug speedy effect to the will of the majority. Thus the
Kansas question would have been immediately and finally
settled.
Ueder them circumstances, I submitted to Congress the
Constitution thus framed, with all the officers already elect.
ed necessary to pot the State Gerernmeot into operation,
accompanied by a strong recommendation in favor of the
admission of Kansas ma • State. In the oonnie of my long
public life I have never performed any °Motel act which,
in the retrospect, has afforded me more heartfelt muster.
lion. Its admission could have inflieted no possible injury
on any human being, wink it would, within a brief period,
have restored peace to Kansas and harmony to the Union.
In that event the Slavery question would ere this have
been lastly mottled, according to the legally expressed
will of a majority of the voters, and Popular Sovereignty
would thus have been vindicated in a constitutional maw.
net.
With my deep convictions of duty, I could have pursued
no other coarse. It is true that, as an individual, i had
expressed an opinion, both before and during the session
of the Convention, In favor of submitting the remaining
Muses of the Constitution, as well as that concerning
Slavery, to the people. But, acting in an °Metal charac
ter, *either myself nor any human authority bad the pow
er to rejudge the proceedings of the Convention, and de.
elan the Constitution which it bad framed to be a nullity.
To have done this would have been a violation of the Kan
sas and Nebraska set, which left the people of the Territo
ry "perfectly free to form and repast, their domestic in.
stitutioas In their own way, subject only to the Constitu
tioa of the Muted States." It would equally _have viola.
tad the great principle of Popular Sovereignty at the foes
dodos of our institutions, to deprive the people of the
power, if they thought prb - per to exercise it, of cooldiag
to delegates elected by themselves the trust of framing a
Oemetination, without requiring them to subject their eon'
Ilailligall to the trouble, expense and delay of a second
election. It would have been In opposition to many pro
sodies* in our history, commencing in the very beet age
of the Itepabbe, of the admission of Territories aa States
into the Union, without a previous vote of the people ap.
proving their Conatitution.
It is to be lamented theta question so insignificant when
viewed in its practical effects on the people of Kansas,
whether decided one way or the other, should have kind
led each a tame of excitement throughout the country.—
ThiseeNoa may prove to be a lesson of wisdom and of
for our future guidance. Practically considered,
the question is simply whether the people of that Territo•
ry should first isomeipto the Voice and then change any
... provissoa in their Obaedtation not agreeable to them
salves,lllilig er Japery same object by remaining
oat of Me Valois ng another constitution in ea
serlaaeli with ._ In either case the result would
be areeimely I^' The only difference in point i 2
fast Is, net Min would have been math sooner an
teused,wad the t piseilleetion of Kansas tour, speedily ef
tested, 14 lc been admitted as a Butte daring the last see
sios of Coalmen.
My recentimmdation, however, for the Immediate adinis
dos of Kansas failed to meet the approbation of Congress.
They doomed it wiser to adopt a different measure fur the
*midmost of the question. For my own part, I should
have Mose willing to yield my assent to almost any eon.
millatiosal masseurs to accomplish this object. I therefore
esedisdly acquiesced in what be. been called the the Env
No g c om promise, and approved the "Act for the admission
' of the State of Kanmas into the Union," upon the terms
lasecia preeeribed.
trader the ordinance which accompanied the Lecomp
tem Constitution, the people of Kansas had claimed double
the questa, of public lands for the support, of common
esm o om which bad over been previously granted to any
State arta *staring the Union, and also the alternate seer
tiers of land for twelve miles on each side of two railroads,
proposed to be constructed from the northern to the south
er* boundary, and from the eastern to the western bound
fry of the Bata
C o ogmas, deeming thee* claims unreasonable, provided,
by the net et May 4, MS, to which I have just referred,
for the admission of the State ou an equal footing with
the original Seam, hat "epos the foundamental condi.
dee precedent" that a majority of the people thereof, at
as Motion to be held for that purpose, should, le place of
the large grants of public lands which they had de.
seder the ordinance, accept such grants as had
been made to Miasmata cad other new States.
Osier this act,liboaki a majoiity riled the proposition offered
theft "It shall be deemed and bold that the people of Kansas de
sot okOrs admission into the Union with mad coaathoUeo male r
the 'auditions set forth In odd proposition."
In that meat the ant antheetese the people of the Territory to
elect delegates to form a Cheditation and State Government for
timaselveo, "whenever, and mat halos% h is ascertained by a am-
Ma, gall and legally takes, that die pepalatloa of aid Territory
equals or emcee& the ratio of repreasalatios laws/rod for a mem
be e o l the Some of Sepreesawitives of the Cower of the
United Slates." The delegates thus assembled "Shall Brat deter
- aim by a rota whetherlt is the wish of the people of the pro
posed Stets to be admitted into the Union at that Guts, sad, so,
f shall proceed to form a Constitution, and take all mosesary Asps
fbr the establishment of a State Government is essjosudtg e dit,
SO MOW Goaatltatkos." - - -.
Alter this Coastitatioa shall Mee been formed, Coageeme, car
rying oat the principles ef popular sevemigaty cad Den-la term
eles;have We "Me mode end meaner of he val or rehas
hes by the peepie of the proposed Staterto be pnaaribed by my
sad the, "Moil Men be admitted tato the Ultima as a state mew
mash Ossetitedies this Wel, and legally reeds, with or without
jem m y, as said eenstitaties may prescribe."
/La eleetioa was held throughout Kansas, in parsamice
of the provides. of this act, on the second day of duvet
Met, sad It resulted is the rejectioa, by a large majority,
ad,. propadtins submitted to the people by Comprosa—
This Wag ma% they Ifs sew setberbad to form m
other sea We, preparatory to admission into the
Oaks, bat am until their amber, as aeconalaml by a
wow. shao it. or weed the ratio required to sleet a
member the !min of Reprematatives.
Is is sot to
pritiabis, is the present state of the ease, that
a third Omedistion am be iambi!, homed and proem.
sod to Osmoses by Isaias, before its Impaled,. shall
have meked the desigaistoti amber. Nor Is It as be pee.
Et, after their sad tisporleato la resisting the
lama Miry will attempt be adept • Coestitatioa
visitant' of ilia provisiess of aa sot of Con.
impsi s Deriag ea assidea ef 1864, maga o r the t i me of
was osespied ma the msestiea of admitting Kan
..., rag w o w t h e Topeka Ceastitatioa Apia, amity the
whale of lie lag smados mu devated to the gemthis e t
NI admilleamerkir tie Lesomptea OomMinstiom Barely
to require the people pf Kansas to
t i all= "l"eh a third sitempt, until ihr amber of
iggkr ' ' amosat to ainetribrm theamml
bar hardrel mad WNW Will We brief period the
hammy at the Staiiikeil Alien as the gnat babes. In.
Whets of rass flummiada that Me people of the
Veto* shall sat fir • ;bird time be asaralsed by Pottle
I=it4lll the lamas gaestioa. By welting fer a sheet
a s tl &Wag la, Alaimo to law, Lama w ig a uk
inns the Vales 'tabors the ellgliteet ispedimeat,
This asealleat prevision, which Nevem baw l =
to llsins4 «PO le Moripsiled mil mimed
. -
to all Tintadie 01 . !1•41 imilAmpreatur •90 adnioni‘ It
to the Ultima:
While Congress possesses tbe eitaPabted power .4 ad.
nitttiai a sew &ate late tlie Mama bower's small way
be the attabiu of its tababitalite, llet dm power owsht
sot, le uy *plates, to be a>owaiaat satire Mepopelattoe
shall mown to the ratio snaked by tbe set foe the ad•
missies otKensaa. Bad due been premeds the role,
Use °awry would have etasped all the evils and
tomes to which it Ina bee. exposed by the Kansas quiet
tion.
Of coves, it would b• aajost to give this nil a retro
optative appliestioa, tad eaetede • State whit*, eating
epos the pail proodoe of tie 6entaeat. i.Gi aimed,
formal its Cosuflitudos, Waded its lagislatore sled ether
officers, sad is sow prepared te sour the Maim.
The raki , ought to be adopted, 'bother we Got:staff to
hearing es the people of the Territories or spook the pimple
of Ulll Galatia( litotes. Mao, of the poems dloaosoloos
which balm promilod la Cloagrais sad throagboat the
a:pantry would have bolo .raided had this rat* be.. es•
tablla►ed at an earlier period of the Government
limmediansly upon the formation of a new Territory,
people from allireet States aid from foreign nonatries
rush Into it, fur the laadsblaparpoesi of improving their
eenditioa. Their first duty to themselves ism open and
cultivate ferias, to eonstinot reads, to isetablini schools, to
erect plane of religious worship, and to devote their Seer
glee societally to reclaim the wilderness sod to :lay the
fonadatiose of • flourishing and prosperous commobwealth.
141 a this incipient euedittem wit► a populates of a few
thousand, they should prematurely enter the Ilene, thy
ire oppressed by the burden of State taxation, and the
meameasseesary for the improvement at the Territory and
the ativaseentent of their own intonate an thus diverted
to a digerati purpose.
The Fedora Government has ever bees a liberal parent
to the Territorial, and a generous contrianor to chewiest'
enterprises of the early stutters. It has paid the expc•oos
of their Govikraments aid Legislative assemblies out of
the 001110011 treasury, and thus relieved them from a heavy
charge. Under these onreneestattees nothing eels be better
°anointed to retard their material progress than to divert
them from their useful employmenu by prematurely ex
ailing angry political contests among themselves, fur the
Windt of aspiring leaders. It is steely no hardship fur
embryo Governors, Senators sad Members of Congress, to
wait until the samba of inhabitants shall equal these of •
stogie Congressional Diana. They surely ought not to
be permitted to rush late tie Vona with a population I.
taus onaba/f of several of the large counties in the lute
nor of some of the Winn This was the rendition of Kan•
sus whoa it made application to be admitted under the
Toyota Constitution. Besides, it requires some time to
raider the Sass of a popsiatton collected le a new Terri•
tory at all homogeneous, and to unite them on anything
like a fixed policy. Establish the rule, sod all will look
forward to it and govern themselves accordingly.
But justice to the people of the several States retuire
that this role should be established by Congress. use
State is dallied to two Senators and at least one Repre
solitaire la Congress. Should the people of the State
fall to elect a Vice-President the power devolves 'six ,
the Senate to select this dicer from the two highesk Ninth
; dates on the list. In case of the death of the President,
the Fine-President thus elected by the Senate, becomes
President oldie United Suites. On all questions of legis
lation, the Senators from the smallest States of the llama
have an equal vote with those from the largest. The same
may be said In regard to the ratification of treaties, and of
the Executive appointments. All this hat worked ieduti
rebly to practice, while it conforms in principle with the
character of a government instituted by Sovereign States.
presume no American Masan would desire the slightest
change in the arrangement. Still, is it not unjust and
unequal to the existing States to wrest some ao,ooo'or
50,1M0 people collected in a territory with the attributes of
sovereignty, and plebe them on an equal footing with Ver.
gint• and New Fork in the Senate of the United Suited
Fur these reIISOOS I earnestly recommend the passage of
a general act which shall provide that, upon the eppoies
tine of a Territorial Legislature, declaring their belief that
the Territory contains a number of tobebitents which, tl
In a State, would entitle them to elect a member of Con•
gross, it shall be the duty of the President to cause a cen
sus of the inliebtuente to be taken, sod if found sufficient,
then, by the terms of this net, to authorize them to pro
ceed “in their own 'way" to frame a State Constitution
preparatory to admission into. the Union. I also mom
mend that en appropriation may be made to ebsbi• the
President to take a censits.of the people of Kansas.
The press* evaglition of the Territory of Utah, wseo
coutramed with what it was one year ago, is a subject for
twograffaistauct.' It WA/ then in a state of open rebellion,
and, cost what it might, the character of the Government
required that this rebellion shook( hi suppressesi, and the
Mururoa' compelled to yield obedience to the Constitution
and the laws. In order to accomplish this object, as I in•
formed you in my last annual message, I apposted a new
Governor instead of Brigham Young, sad other Federal
Aimee to take the place of those who, consulting their per
atonal safety, had found it necessary to withdraw from the
Territory. To protect these civil officers, end to aid them,
as a paw eessistatos, in the execution of the laws, id case
of need, I ordered a detachment of the army to accompany
them to Utah. The necessity for adopting these measures
is now demonstrated.
On the 13th September, 1857, Governor Young issued
hat proclamation, in the style of an independent sover
sign, announcing his purpose to r e s ist by fure of arms the
entry of the United Stites troops into our own Faeroese:
of Utah. By this he required all the forces la the4fferri.
tory to "hold themselves in readiness to mareh mo
ment's notice to repel soy and all such invosiouP end es.
tablished martial law from Its date throughout the Terri.
tory. Thesis proved to be no idle threats. Forts Broder
and Supply were vacated and burnt down by the Bor.
moos, to deprive our troops of • shelter after their long
and fatiguing march. Orders were issued by Boatel
Waite, styling himself ••Licutenaiet General, Naar, Le
gion," to stampede the mallards of the United States troop/
on their march, to set fire to their trains, to burn the grave
and the whole country before than and on their Banks, to
keep them from sleeping by night surprises, and tio -.
side the road by felling tress and destroying the fordo of
rivers, te.
These orders were promptly and effectually obeyed.—
On the 4th Ootober, 1861, the Mormouir captured and
burned on times River three of our supply trains, coast
tag of seventy-Svc wagons loaded with provisions sad
tefrts for the army, and carried away several bemired adi-
Male. This diminished the supply of provisions so mate
rially that Gen. Johnston was obliged to redoes the ration,
and even with this precaution there was only satiated
left to subsist the troops until the let of June.
Our little army behaved admirably in their encampment
et Fort Bridger under these trying privations. In the
midst of the mountains, in a dreary, unsettled and mhos.
Tumble region, more than a thousand miles from home,
they passed the severe and inclement Winter without a
monist. They looked forward with confideuoo fur relief
from their country in dos season, sod in this they were
not disappointed.
The becretary of War employed all his energies to for
ward them the necessary supplies, and to muster and
read such a military force to Utah as would render re
sistance on the part of the Mormons hopeless, and this
terminate the war without the elusion of blood., la his
effort* be was efficiently sustained by,cover the deficiency
thus neccessarily crsated,tand also provided for railing
two regiments of volunteers, "fur the purpose of quelling
disturbances in the Territory of Utah, for the protection
of supply and emigrant trains, and the suppression of
Indian hostilities on the frontiers." Happily, there was
no occasion to call these regiments into service. If there
bad been, I should have felt seritios embarrassment in
'electing them, so great was the number of our brave
end patriotic citizens anxious to serve their country, in
this distant and apparently dangerous expedition. Thus
it has bash, and inns it ever will bet
The wisdom and enconomy of sending sufficient re
enforcement' to Utah are established, not only by the
event, but in the opinion of those Who, from their posi
tion and opportunities, are the most capable of forming
a correct Judgement. Gen. Johnston the Commander of
the forces, is addressing the Secretary of War from Fort
Bridger, under date of October is, 1667, expresses the
°piston, that "unless a large force is sent here, from the
nature of the country, a protracted war on their [the
Mormons'] part is inevitable." -This he considered
necessary to terminate lb. "speedily and more economic
ally than if attempted by lasullici ens means."
In the MAIM time It was my anxious desire that the
Mormons should yield obedience to the Constitution sod
the laws, without rendering It necessary to resort to
military force. To aid le accomplishing this object. I
deemed It advisable in April last to dispatch two dis
tinguished cit.zens of the United States, Messrs. Powell
and McCulloch. to Utah. They bore with them a pro•
demotion addressed by myself to the Inhabits nts o
Utah, dated on the sixth day of that moth, warning them
of the* true condition, and how hopeless it was on their
part to persist in rebellion against the United Btatts
and-olferuts all those who should submit to the law s
full pardon-for their past seditious sad treasons. At the
same time, I assured those who sboald persist in re Ili•
against the United States, that they must not ex ct
no further lenity, but look to be rigorously dealt math
according to their deserts. The instructions to tliklie
agents, as well as a copy of the proclamation, and their
reports, are herewith submitted. It will be seen by their
report of the 3d of July last, that they have fully con•
firmed the opinion expressed by Gen. J hnston in the
pniviourOctober, as to the necessity o &Aiding rein.
1 forcemeuta to Utah. In this Uiey mate hat they "are
firmly impressed with the belief that the resolve* of the
1
army here, and the larg additional force that bid been
ordered-so this Territory, were the chief Inducements
that coined the Mormons to abandon the Idea of resist
ing the authority of the United States. A less decisive
policy would probably have resulted Ina long, bloody.
and expensive war."
These gentlemen conducted themselves to my entire
satisfaction, and rendered useful nerviest in executing
the humane latostioasof the Government.
It also affords me great satisfacitioa to state that Our.
Cusamieg has performed his duty la an able and °Quells*_
wry swatter, sad with the - happiest eat- I eanaot, io
la this oonationan, refrain from ssentiosing the valuable
services of Col. Thee. L. Kama, who: from motives of pure
benevolence, sad witbost any ollicilil /Manatee or pecaei
ary compensation, visited Utah dating the last inelement
Winter, for lb. puree of eoutribetiog to the pardeetwo
of the Territory.
I am happy to Worm you that the floverser and other
civil Aims of Utah are now performing their appropriate
fesetleas without resistasee. The entbarit* of the Con
stitatios sad the laws has hem fatly teetered, andlYeare
prevails throagliest the Territory. t
A portion of dm troops NM to Gish are now encamped
la Cedar Valley, ford-four ads. soathwest of Salt
City, mad the restehider here bees ordered eo Omgia i 6
suppose Lass headlines.
Thu mini of the army to Salt Lake City, through the
Isamu Territery, Ms had a powerful awn to sing
the hostile teensy maims she United States ri t i r g = ex
isted masa* dm lading in that merles; sad is
emigrants to the let West agaleat, thew Mts.—
Tine will also be the semis of setaldishiag mill posts
mad peal:tons; settlemeete siestethereate.
I meats/sad that the beerdlte or our Mad laws sad pre
emptiongams be extended Is the pew* of Utah, by the
establiskaselt of $ Lead Olen le thit Ttinitary4
I here eemelom eisetuangratahmt yea as the remit
slow negations with au
Tea were ishemed by my last missal mereage, that our
Makin had bees Instructed to campy a oettral position
le the beetiMitte madtteled by greet Muds sad Name
wham Cantos. Ile was, however, et the muse thee di
rooted to ee-opeesse mashy with the British read Pepe h
Itisietem o is all peeitenti meseuree to ware by treaty Mom
jut etemieedeas le hedge ememeree which too amiewt of
the weld had • eight le demmed. It was imperibii fee
me to mimed taribed Mao this es my *we mithOrity.
without aster the war tan idag poorer, swim the
Climilislies Wisp anis kr .
Bides, after • earellat etaustoatism of the alatare and
event et oar grievances, t did net Where 'bey were of
moth a pressing sod aggratrated character as 1i05.14 bar,.
join ilea Congress in declaring Ivor against the Chinese
Butpire, without first making another earnest attemit to
Aug Mpg by peseefel segallitiett. I warn lb. sure in
clined to this opinion becalm' of the severe eithatimaivat
•hich had been bet recently indicted oboe the Chinese by
our squadron in the capture and destruction of the But
net torte, to swoop as alleged iesultno liar gag.
The event has proved lb* wisdom of our neutrality.—
Our MluiLiter has executed his iii,traetioo* with ealia*tit
*bill sad ability. 19 conjunction with the aussian Kent-
Pulteeteezii he has leme 3 virallY, but effectually, eo-operoted
with the English sad retouch Plimipotealleriest sad ~lt
of the four Pesters has cut cluded a sithimet• .treaty with
Caine, 4 * highly satisfactory character. The treaty con
cluded by our owe Pleuiposentiory will immediately be
submitted to the Senate.
I am happy to automat* that 'brutish the energetic yet
conciliatory etioris of our Consul general to Japan. • new
treaty has beam concladed with that Empire, whit* may
be expectedspatenally to augment our trade sad infer.
course in 'tut{ quarter, and mum from oar countryint u
the disabilities which have heretofore been linposiol up'.•
the upraise aii their religion. The treaty shall be submit
ted to the &mate for approval 'natant delay.
It is my earnest desire that every misunderstanding
with the Government of Great Britain should be amicably
and speedily adjusted. It has been the misfortime of both
*Gantries, almost ever sumo the period of the revolution, to
have been annoyed by a suoireseion or irritating and dam
garotte questions, threatening their friendly relations:—
This has paittially prevented the full development of those
feelings of ibutoal fritsadistilp between the people of the
wo octant:tie so annual in themselves sod so conductive
to their stomps interest. Any stenos* interruption of the
commerce between the United Buttes and Great Britain
would be equally injurious to both. In fact. no two on•
Gong baveever canned on the dew of the earth which could
do sag other so much good or so much harm.
Eutettaming Gm,* sentiments, I am gratified to inform
you that the lotirponding controversy between the two
Governments, in relation to the question of visitation and
search, has been amicably adjusted. The claim on the
pert of Great Britain forcibly tt• visit American repeats on
the high sea/ in time of peace, could not be sustained no•
der the taw ul baubles, mud it bad been urernitod by her
own most mutuent jurists: This question was recently
brought to Was by theirpeio,ed acts of British cruisers
In boa:thug and searching our merubsot vessels In the
Unit of Mexico, sod the adj scent seam Those acts wore
the more tnjunous and anuoying as these waters ire Ira •
versed by a large portion el the oornmeren and navigation
of the United Stamm and their flee and unrestricted use ts
essential to the security of the - c ',warts° trade between
different States of the Luton. Such vexatious tuterrup,
lions could ant lac to excite the feelings of the country,
and to require the Interposition of the (Jovernment. Ito
monstranaes were addressed to the British Government
agmast these violations of our rights of •ovoreiguty, and •
naval force was al the saute time ordered to the Cuban
waters, with directions "tu protect all vessels of the Untied
States on Om high seas from search ur thiciFution by the
vessels uf war ut any 'Aber nation." These measure': re
ceived Abe• unqualified and even enthusiastic approbation
of the American people. Most fortunately, however, no
eAil/11011 took Owe, and the Brutsb &lowan:mimic promptly
avowed tit recognition of toe principles of &animation law
upon this SUbject, as laid down by the Liovernalebt of the
tasted Suites, in the note of the Secretary of State to the
British Minister at Washington, of Aprtl In, lo.sti, which
secure the vsasels of the United 64111.0/ spot% the hsgh ern.,
from visantion or h to woe of peace, under any cu.
cumstauties whatever. The claim has been abandoned In
a manlier reactant( honor on the British Univ.:woman', and
evincing ►dust regard for the taw of nation*, and cannot
fail to strengthen top amicable rolatious between the two
Cunt:lino*.
The Drithh Gorerumeut, at the same isms, proposed to the I a
toil State* ;het souse mode a/wont be adopted, by mutual =ran g .
noon heterf... the two countries, of a character winch may to
found =fertile • about betog °dentin fur verify Mg toe tirdioho.--
ity of rte eels suspected on good grounds of carrying false colors
I usy hare also int ited the I. I. Led States to take the iniati•w, sod
prose*. faeasuees fur this purpose. Whit. &minim, TAP meowe eo
gran. a reStionsibility, the Secretary of State hos inform.* the
hellish Government that we are ready to mauve en) propmale
a lint they may teal disposed tootle, having this object in vto • ,
and to =whiner them to an ainicribie slant. A itroug °putout is,
however, expressed that the useteasioned abuse of the hog of soy
nation to en sell tar less to to deprecated than would to the us.
tabludiumat of any regui•Uous •blich aught be incouitunime site:
the frwedotli of the =ea lots connexion' has yet second net
communloation specifying the mother In which the initial' ceor-'
=omen% would propose to carry ont their suggestion, and I am
Inclined tet behove that no plea which can be denied, will Le free
true pave natarresernents. Still, I shell form no deadent °motes. -
on the subject until I shall hover mrefittl) and iii the best spun
eta/mused =ay proposals which they may think proper to =tie
I am trnly sorry I cannot also felons you Widths complication.
between Greet Within and the Culled Suites, anemic out 01 the
idaytoa and Bolivar treaty of April, into, Lave been busily adjust
ed.
At the eoninaenceiment of your last seadon I bad reason to hope
that, emancipating themaeli es from further unavailing discule
Mona, thole,. gee eminent& would proceed to settle the Central
American question in • practical manner, alike honorable and
oailatactory to both, and this hope I have nut yet aboodumed. lu
my last Woo= wearier*, I stated that overture. had been made by
the British riv eminent for this purpoee, in a fruoully spirit, which
I cordially re= rooted. Their proposal was to withdraw them
questions'frosti tract negotiation between the two eneninients,
but to actpublihtt the same object, by • negotiation between the
British gores h tit a nd each et the Central Annul...au republics
shows tarrltot 1 ihteresiii are imusahately Involved. The settle
meat watt to be to &CPA - 4410r with the general tenor of ilas
inierpretatiou upon th. Ciarioo and tinnier treaty hi the
C acted States, wills certain modifications. As uesotirithiess are
etill pending upon this buds, it would not =proper for me new to
communicate their precool condition. A final settl,ment of these
questions is greatly to be =aired, as thee would wipe out the lost
remaining subject of dispute between the too couutnes.
Our relations with rue •greet Empire of Iran= and humus, a.
well in with all other Governments on the loutaneut of Europ.,
except that of .3pain,counnue to he of the most fneodly clusratter.
With Spain our relations remain in an unsatisfactory condition.
In any message of December last, .1 ItifurEllitl you that our Lett oy
hstratirditiary and Munster tOeniputeutiary to Mailed had ask.,
for tits math, and it an. my purpose to send out • nee nintamter to
that court, with special instructions on ail queoutins veto:lnc be
te ern the two governments, and with a determination to hal.
thew speruintd stenciddy adjusted, it that were pomible. 1 his • lrpatie has hitherto dries tad by causes which I need not
unit:ram ;
The mission to Spain has been entrusted to • distuigulahed citi
ten id hentucky, who • 11l proceed to Madrid without delay, and
make another and a tined attempt to obtain justice from that tit., -
tintinen tr
Spanish udichils, wider Undirect control of the Captain -Gen
eral of Cuba, have insulted our national dm& and, In repeated in
stance., have from time to time indicted !undies on the parents
and property tit oar =thee& These have given birth to nuns :-
0 claims again= the npainsh government, the merits of • huh
ire been ably dacha...if Mr a serfs. of yearn, by our enconals • di
p aafttic representatives Notwitlistanduag this, we hair out az
/kt a Feistiest result In any single Instance, under cc may
a pt the awe of the black Warrior under the late Aduunistra
t and that presented an outrage of such a chorister as •ou would lii:
I
jusUried an twitowiliala resort to war All our rittetopts to
obtain Tadrewa hare been Wiled and detested. The frequent sod
oft-recurring change, in the Spanish Ministry have nees esuployed
as reasons for delay, We have tern compelled to wait, again a nd
spun, until the new mintster shall hen had time to tovesttgate
the justice of our demands.
Even what have been denominated .the Cuban =ohne" in which
more than a hundred of our ethane are clumsily tuterest.l, hair
furnished no excepts. Thew claims were tor the refunding id
duties unjustly exacted Crum Amerman vessels at &decent t. us
tovaglovices in Cuba so long ago as the year 1544. Tlie petectid. a
upon which they rest are so menthstly equitable cad just that, al
ter a pesiod of nearly ten years, In itibi, they wear recognised by
the Spanish tioterotneaL Crupedings were afterwards iustituted
to seraertain their amount, and this ens dually axed, according to
them: owe statement (with which we are satisfied) at the sum 1,1
illfh,d.ix 54. dual at the toulienit, after a delay of fourteen y ears,
vane we had reason to expect that this sum would be repaid with
interest, we hare received a proposal offering to refund onenhird
of that onset (friihtiTle 4I) but without interest, • It we would at,.
apt ttill is lull rtes actor. The oder la also sccowpaoied by o
declaration that this tudenanifieetion as nut founded on any reason
of strict justice, but Is made es a bimetal lacier.
line alleged came for procrestinatiOn in the examination and
adjustment of our claims arises from an obeisant. • huh It is the
duty of the Spardah ouvernment to remove. While the Captain
imweral of Cuba is invested with general despotic authority to the
goverbsuentuf that island, the power is withheld from bun to et
+Woo and =Are= wrongs committed by olliciale ander Lis control,
ou Gluteus cif the United Stales. Instead ail making our complatate.
directly to turn et Harass, we are obliged to present then then'
our Monsterat Madrid. 1 hesitate then referred tach to the Cap.
tsins=neral for lutormaticiu; end much time to the oonsumed in
preliminary luvesUgetions and correepundence between Madrid
and Cubs before the Spanish liervenuneut will moment to proceed
to negotiation. Jeans of the diftleuities between the two Gement
nen= would be obviated, &Oda long train of secutiatiou avoided,
if the Captain-General were 'lnvested with authority to settle (tun.
toms of nay solution on the spot, where all the hats are fre,h
and could be promptly mid sethhworily ascertained. We have
hitherto in volts urged upon thedpsnish dovernment to =brew this
power upon the Coptalsaihiferal, and our Minister to Spain alb
ertin be Instructed to urge this subject upon their notice. In
respect, we occupy a dilierent position from the powers of Eu
. Cubs is almost with* sight of one shored our Commerce
it Is tar greeter tthatithal of any other nation, including
dodo itself, and our citizens are in habits of daily sod extended
personal tuterooctree • ith every part of the Island. It is, therefore,
a end, grievance that, when any dillicalty occurs, no matter how
unimportant, which might be readily settled at the motrient, w e
should be ohiled to resort to Madrid, especially when the very
*Met step to be tak e n there is to mkt It bark to Cube.
The truth is, that Cube, In its existing colonial condition, is a
constant *nurse of injury and annoyance to the American people.
It is the only spot in the civilised world where the African slave
trade is tolerated, and we are booed by .tasty with Great Britain
to maintain a naval tom on the coast of Africa, at much expense
both of lite and treasure, solely for the purpose of arresting slayer.
bound to that Wand. The late serious difilculties between the
United hied= and Great Britalo respecting the right of search,
now so happily terminated, could never ha* arrisen ileitis had
not aSorded a market for Wimple. As long as this market shall is
main open, than ean be no hops tor the chilisatina of benighted
Africa. Whale the demancilfor slaves eontiouiss is Cuba, wan will
be wowed among the petty and barbarous =detain Africa, for the
purpose of oohing subjects to supply Ude trade. In such a oefitil
tioti of affairs, it is imprienbie that the light of civilisation and re
ligion can ever penetrate those dark abodes.
It has been 01140 known fo the world by my predecessors, that
the l; oiled States have, an several weasions, endeavored to acquire
Cuba from Spain by honorable negotiation. If this were 54000.
plishod, the lost relict of the African slave trade would Instantly
disappear. We would not, if we "cold, =Nein Cuba In any other
10111111Ot. This is due to our tuitional character. All the territory
7 which we have acquired Mon the origin of the Government, has
• been by Wt purchase from Frame, Spain sod NT0.4120. or by
the tree and voluntary snot the independent State of Tens, In
1 blending her destinies with OUT 01111. This Coarse we atoll ever
pursue. Union ctrasuastanow should occur,which we do not pow
anticipate, rendering a departure from It leszly Pantilable, older
the imperative and overriding law efeelf.preservration.
The Island of Cuba, from - its peoprephical poidthon, commands
the month of the Illiadanippl, and the Immense and annually In
enessing trade, foreign and mast wise, from the valley of that no
b= river,now embraces half the eurentige States of the Union.—
With tha t Wand under the dotolatott of a distant foreign power,
thistrade, of vital isonnance to those States, Is expoited to the
dei of being des ed In tin= of war, and it ha hitherto been
to to peepetasl Witty sod tuesoyarice in tuns of peace. Oar
Wations with Spain, wW&. ought to be et the most friendly char
toter, must always be placed i li a rezaidy whsle the existing Colo.
mist over 'OW roman lacy present sea- .
While the posoessiee of this Island would be of vast importance
to the United States, its esthete Spain is =imperatively Inlayer-
Viet Such was the relative of parties when the great
Napoleon toondersol to the United Mann Jealous-as
he ever, wan of the eltlooal been end Interests of trance, no !n
-ano throughout the World has Imputed flaw to him for inept.
isignowntry equivsbent for this weedion.
publicity whieb boo bees glen to oar braise negotiant up
on thleint*occ sad the cage iecenepellatkin which owe be requi
red 'organ the pupae, render It baker making an
other attempt to renew the =OW* I should lay the
whale enhltect= te sopedolly elpened7, se it
any nowise ‘ to swam that I shoeid be intrusted
with the wenn of making an advents to the g dionnoant
howeedietety after the signindof the tresty, t angling the
istidestion of it by therleaate. las hicel .w to mine Ude seg.
potion the neseple of Mr. Jeanne to ebe i p, ne b a .„
of haw hearse, sad by that lit. P0L0.% view a the
aataialidatt of territory from Mexico. I neer the whole sullied
to Compose. wed eonoweed It to Moir Weed otmendierstion.
I repast the wwwwwendstion weds In reef Illisswitie of December
het, to knd lr et se opponent:too °YAW paid to the Spunk Gov
erinmeist the ist- re netrgegioa among the eledionts lo
the came" dtdent Polk it weds a idisilar recomeseri
denote la Ihneueber, len, and it ems oned byjsey poignant'.
Is
Die
OWL I entertain no dean that indenuity le Solely
due to then ehnsents menu ing treaty with of the 27th of
Osage. 17,1; owl eldhtetemissidimecinstiarre lee. Jeeeke,
An approprietiost peee!pel mud' be Mb meld not Ilitl
with o f
exert • fentlabisindestrece Os elignefe '
Our pention la relation to the bodepeeihred SI south us
on this onatineat, sadeeposially these nine the gat. of North
Asesebs, Met ehersider. The Derthimin betuedery of
Maxim le with ear owe southern boundary, how newt
to paw sad Anon issewendly feels bap taitaval la all that '
name, the end We ef se mar • reneddien We have i
share sloe IM be Os memo el tiall
We, mod istellselolipd Or by* lietil al& ei ist. alltse=
triShly .4 0 .1 P e ".
1111/11: We hare or
tM==!l
to ,total tiro
rtoNotoo oljp.oy •
.•t tutoresTia al
r . Nerils Ansesious oatt tlattea. reader this an
has tech to a suite of eonstaat nrrolatioo, almewst ever
slow It *claimed Its, ladepalosee. Ore wilaray *an Wear ea
"'kw ham elorPed the prevernenrat to rapid matimatoo, mad the
ysrloara 000stItutione trom tuna to item adopted have Wes set at
a tight almost as soon as they were prootionamh The soessodeo
threirametsts have alrordse au ishiquate protections, either to
eareleee deems or fmigoegged 111161,11 virtiturore
Hereto/oh% • Mastro if the capita a utilities oeiettaa bee
been csoorally followed by at Least the nominal sittsulsakia of the
esiestry ea bi t Me ter a War permea, hot sot de llnontO
miser of Nadeau atthira. A Hit war has beau mating for WEN
Woe thenaglaat Leo iesoaase, yotlillem the Croatia' hoverameat
and the Cler of Mertes, vadat. has soh:stored, tasseled the Cas
tanet/on last frasoe/..ey equitary power, and those who etatoteds
the am= that Coastitouon. he 484411414.4% pftrUall each
holdon of dlffor=t State* of the Sown; sMI tins kw.
tunlisot war aro ouastastay abaniens. Illasawbiln. taw mast par
rnlseuitlbis means Lan be= earouyed b 7 both porgies to extort
wlesoy from forolgwers woli arinatiros, to awry or tlas Mao=
oPutert nos troth is, that MP tins tonatry, Weir= with 4 pro
d... t,r and a Lento rltwata, has been reduced toy cavil Cap=
emu to a =soli Una Id almost =pelage anassity and Itabectllty. It
orouni let man for Stu. litiveraliseut to etiguipt to onforoo muscat
is in boey of the claims Of America' ettss=w, now anstounba( to
than ten millions dollars, sour= Meuse, =mu= abo ls des
titute of all regular) means to satisfy the= t 100142144.
Our Lahr sawalater waa furnished with am pi.
... lot the adjaitanent of ill eluding %anal
t:ovarameat of Mazica, sour he p•rfurmed
alAhly. The datum of ohs. asttataw. eotr
tisdo VUJIMAOU a 44 11/Fkall pruvUMO4 co/ the
Ilidalge, and others from gr.., in j uries to pm
orty, kart, remained wed/awed and 'vas
triilacrs sipacuit these grieraticesi We. Own
effect to tiat tiorettusosiit. Moautimie, TI
public, lust.nnOtil hare boon ououiroito, ul
moat and pluatlor ul out clti4cus, by alarm
a:ordain, a local juniclictt,,o; but Uls Uri
though roprstetify urged thrreto, Luise OMAN jig _
puoort tiro authors of these onuses or to ifrereat they recur
rruo. Nu American ciUsto coo uorr Siat liszroo on torgul Walt-
now without tietugur to his person and property. There ilk on erlr
liml• prat...two to either; mud to this nrspwet our treaty Path teat
Republic to almost a dead
rbla ..tate Whirs mu brought to a aisle la May Mot b) the
pro foolgatlon of a deem levying • imutributiam pro rata upuo all
the capital to the itopubti.,teetweese C•fii4tll .pact .4 amouuta,
whether held by Mexicans or l'orriguers. Mr. exult*, regarding
this decree to the light of a -torool lowa," formerly molaeteal
•41il•at Its application to his e.,untryneen, and advised them not
to pay the contribution, but to toiler It to be Wrellety exacted.—
Acting upon this adfu*, an American cativo reitiare3 to pay the
contribution, and his property was poised by wound area to &strut,
tho uner.int. Niet, Culal•ut eats that, Lho proteretieni
still further, and loull•4 a ileum. burustureg hint trout the country.
Our Minister nutnethsteely uouPed Usual that u this deeree would
earned tutu rsotutior t.• would furl it to ter Lila duty to ulopt
t r Usual dradoti innawur.. that bel.og IA? the powers snot sltup
t coo of trio representative Uffite. Notentluitatiotiag that ea/ ISMS.
leth,shotetkt grub:word, Ault unky 41 pruaaptly LAO.
I the (itiverhatent the •11/101•01.4 • LI of the polltle-4 rorlalmato of hr
egiition rub them, until t/... I,,eabury of 4441 own ..curt cm.
I=l
Itotrrolooot tlitlunt rrigartl the 000ttibuttou ampoord
dm dean , . of lb« l‘ota ut Nay ...tit to IM ra atztousaaa a -turord
loan," and a. Path protti toe truttl arttele of the treaty of
lh") between tireaL Lining., anti ilwaire, W We letueLita ul w
werlean cltniena are an tale,! 1.11 treaty, yet, tin, impost/lets el a,
contribution upon forvugu.ra vru consokernO an najnat son up
prtoalt, OleaSure hesxurs , 1u kraal 1.-Iyous io °Warr parts 01 Ls
Itepul,l4c nem at alc 6.ll.44CltUrexaction* upon to
~ operty our ettisrus and ,utert p . ing Ulelt conlaiterce. 114 r
sot been an entire failure on tio. part of our minister to secure
rrairrsa for the wrongs eloch our citt.una• bad endured, notetto
standing his persevering enorts. sad, trout this tousper Mead/sated
by the tiestcsu cs ,, eeromeot, lie 1.4 repeatedly ensured us that no
favorable change could Ire expected unitt the 1 oiled States should
"site striking conictaw of I Lour si id and poster to protect tuetr
,tizena," unl stmt "late,re CLA/Atturig is the only' earthly .tesueoy
our grorratirea. - row 1./.as staLrairtat of louts, it would 1.6 r
Ise.o ironic than l , lle to direct .11r orsyl/1 to retrace his stets sod
r,suuse diplomatic reintiour rub that liovaralaeut, and it was,
therot.ue, Lionlard proper Lo na4.1.1013 bus withdrawal ol OWN logs -
Mot. t-orn the lily of desoio
Abundant loAlr U.O44.4AbrUnily •Yrt•ta for a resort to hose lr
sowed lao. Uorrrulilanit stilt holding I.olllraaloo of Us opt
Ilse., succeed ..• subduing Use constitutional force.,
all reasonable hope will thou hare exp./nod ul a peasiefulaettlevarnt
of our dabrulnes.
/to the other hand. 55.0054 the eutialltutioaal party prevail, and
their authority Le established assrr to. li.pabilc. Wary VI rriuiron
10 hope that toe . , w.. 5 It 1.1.11/011,1 b) a 1,a, , tothrtendl) shim, and
may grant trust redress. w Atnencatt ahitrns windily ustice maims - ea,
so tar 0 they ma) puss.. the Urroaxi. taut Jul Wine lipectutuou I
•honUI ALM.. hate rtwoutuseude.l w Congreu to grant ter UuOur
lir, power to ter Pr. , lleat to tale la.aualliaa a a Suna:1•01. pats
on of the remote sho • usettled terntury or M•alou, W W held
In pledge unit, our lupines stall be ruvirvased and oar last de
-0:11tts lo•nulOOled. fir haio already vraLatiateavetu7 wilder Means
of obtatniug is *sat a aim, Ulu remedy of reprisals la
retool iced by tbs. Mies of nations, Dot leaky 50 just la steed, batiks
a moans of prereutssld actual !tray.
But there m &nuttier view of our relations with Mex
ico, *riming from the unhappy 000dittue of affairs a
long our south western frontier, which demigods Ito
wediate action. In that remote region, where there
are but few white iababitauta, large baud. of hostile
and predatory lediano :oaut promiscuously ever the
Mexican States ul Chibeabua and Sonora and our ad
joining Territories. The local Governments ut these
Males are perfectly helpless, and are kept in a state
ei constant alarm by the Indians. They have nut the
poser, if they possess the will, even to restrain law
less Mexicans trues passing the burden and cumulating
depredations on our remote settlers. A state of anar
chy and violence prevails throughout that distant
frontier. The laws are a dead letter, and life and
property are wholly insecure. Fur this reason the
setttetucia of Arizona is arrested, abile it is of great
iwportauce that a chain of inhabitants should isltend
all along its border. sufficient for their OWII
kreteCti o U anti t h at 01 the United States wail passing
to sad front California. Well founded apprehensions
are now entertained, that the Indians, tad wandering
.llrxicana, equally lawless, may break up the import
tut stage awl postal communication recently estab—
lished between our Atlantic sad Ysenbc poresesioons.
bis passes woo near to the Mexican boundry,
throughout the shelle length of Arizona. I can ima
gine vie possibie remedy for the.. evils, and D . Dit ,4,
of restoring law and order on that remote and unset
tled truut.rr, but for the Government of the United
States to assillne a temporary protectorate over the
northern portivus of Chihuahua and Sonora, and to es
tablish military posts within the amen and this is ear
nestly recouneuuded to Congress. This protection
way be withdrawn as SOOll as local Govrannieras shall
be established in these Mexican States capable of per
forming their duties to this United States, rostrata
nig the lawless and preserving peace along the bor
der
I do not doubt that this measure will be viewed in a
triendl) spirit by the Governments and people ot Chi
huahua and Sonora, as it will prove equally effectual
for the protection 01 their citizens on that remote mid
lawless trentier, as fur citizens sat the United States.
Aud in this centiectiou permit we to recall your at
tention to the condition of Arizona. The poeulatiou
of that Territory, numbering, as is alleged, more than
10,000 soul., are practically without a Government,
without leas and without any regular administration
of justice Murder sod other crimes are committed
a ith impunity. This state of things calls loudly for
redress; and 1, therefore, repeat my recommendation
teethe establ.shumut of a Territorial Government over
Anzoua.
The political coLditiou of the narrow isthmus el
Ceiliral America through which transit routes pats,
between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, presents a
subject of deep interest to all counnetcuil imbues. It
is over these transits that a large proportion of the
,trade and travel between the Eux °peen and Asiatic
eoutineuta is destined to pass To the United States
these routes are ot incalculable importance, as a means
ot cuininunication between their Atlantic and Pacific
possessions. The latter now extend throughout sere n
teen degrees of latitude on the Pacific coast, embrac
ing the importaut State of California and the dourish
ing Territories of Oregon and Washington. All com
mercial nations, therefore, have a deep and direct in
terest that these communications shall be rendered
secure from interruption. 11 an arm of the sea, con -
orrtiog the two oceans, penetrated through Nicaragua
and Costa Ries, it could not be pretended that these
States would have the right to arrest or retard its navi
gation, to the injury of other notions. The transit by
land over this narrow isthmus occupies nearly the same
position. It is a highway in which they themselves
have little interest, when compared with the vast in-
tareal' of the rest ul the world. While their rights '
of sovereignty ought to be respected, it is the duty of
other nations to require that this important passage
shall nut be Interrupted by the civil wars and revolu
tionary outbreaks, which have so frequently occurred
lu that. region. The stake is sou important to be left
at the mercy of rival companies, claiming to hold elm
tracts viith Nicaragua. 1 he commerce of other na-
tions is not to stand still and await the adjustment of
such petty controversies. The Government of the
United States expect more than this, and they will
nut be satisfied with lima. They would net if they
could, derive any advantage from the Nicaragua Ira.-
sit, not common to the rest of the world. Its tintrali•
ty and proteettals, forthe common use of all nations,
is their only object. They have no objection that Nic
aragua shall demand and receive a lair compeesation
iflilin 014 Companies and ledividuals who may traverse
the rim* but they insist that it shall never hereafter
be eloseid by an arbitrary decree of that Government.
If disputes arise between it and those with whom they
may have entered into contracts, those mast be adios.
led by some fair tribunal provided for the purpose,
and the routs must not be closed pending the contro
versy. Thiris our whelepolley, add it cannot fail to
be acceptable to other notions.
All them; dillieulties might be avoided if, consistent
ly with the good faith of Nicaragua, the use of this
transit could be thrown open to general bosspetition;
providing at the same time fur the payment of a rea l
sociable rate to the Nicaragua Government en poison
gen and freight.
In August, 1852, the Accessory Transit Company
made its lint iutoroceanic trip over the Nicaraguan
route, and continued in moaners] operation, with
great advantage to the public, until the 18th °Mehra
sty, 1856, wheal it was ono.' ~74 the grant to this
eampsu), as well as its ehart.., *ern euniramily and
arbitrarily resoled., dos Government- of President
'Rivas. Previous to this date, lawyer, in 1854. seri
ous disputes concerning the settlement of their an.
counts had arisen between the company and the Get
moment, threaten* the iatertintitou of lii route at
any namnent. These the United States to vain en-4
deavered to compose. It would be imolai to narrate/
the various Proceedings which frock plem betweee th
parties, up tilette time wiles ti x5l was diiiiii:l
*Mood. Sulfite it to say that, sides February, 1856,1
it has eralus*id aimed, greatly . to the prejedice et eitl-1
seas ofcalled States. Since that time the room -
e,
l
O ipetition s reseed between the rival route, ef Pasti
me and Prague, sad hi eeasequenes thereof, an
unjust aid lanramenable ammo' boa hese mac led
loom our chimes for their pump to and from Cali
fornia.
at treat, Pas signed en Os 16th day of November,
1857, by the theeetary of Ittiteued MiAreirot tile
tonna, wader the atip of which the use
protective il ity ttie Trinsit nuts would have '
cured, pet I. the Uuttea Siam Winne, .: ,
othersattop ' "HOW add ell what priihWbr tkia . y
ha. fated OD reeetwitterestMilOlK eil the Ni aria
Goveramestl will appearby the papers herewith eels
, niusicated from the litste irtsieet. The p - '
ebjeaties seem to nee bee to the presides
kieg the Mihail States to employ Wee to keep th
route apee r is sem Niserages abseil WI to porter*
bee fiellg he Ohio teepeeL rum the lbsillaws efts
A
.Its
deocalmato a Out
Ily usceseary
route; but for the safe
pp and repassing- to and
pessessious. Were NU* a stipulation
essaforaeediii I trottrjbotwain tai DOW 'States and
Nicaragua, the kossuledge of Win fact would of itself
moat probably prevent Wattle parties from commit
ting aggressions on the route, and reader oar actual
intutierenoe for its protection unnecessary.
The Lsocutiin Determent of this country, in its
hit/wooers' with lump • aliases. is limited to the em-
ployment of diplomacy alone. When this fails, it can
proceed; oo further. It mutat legitimately resort to
tome without thy direct authority- el Coagress, except
in reakniag sod repelling hostito w attacks. It would
halo no authority tomtit lb* torriferies of Nicaragua,
even to p t the deft:anthem of the transit, and pro
tect the lirew and property of our own cillscos on tboir
pommy, it is true that'oa a sudden emergency of thia
character the President Iwould direct an snood force
in the ticinity to march to their relief, but to doing
this he *mild met upon Motown responsibility.
Under thou eiroutnatancies, 1 oaroestly recommend
to Utiogroas the passage of an ant authorizing the Pi.
• • ri. l ions as they may deem Pre
id naval (urcia of the Unite.]
.ituait Irmo being obstructed
me, and io promoting the
. can eitisees traveling there
saws time that those force•
-.moot the dauger.aball hare
rob a prevision, our citizen.
to interruption io their pro-
jta for the passage of such au
act for the protection of the Panama anefehuantepeu
reutsm
la notorious) to the human route), the Coiled
Stares by their existing treaty with Nee -tireirada, ex
preosly guaradee the neutrality of the isthmus, " with
the new that the free trued from the true W the
" ether sea may net be interrupted or embarrassed ip
" any [saute tune while this treaty ezista."
In regard to the Tehaunte,iec route, which has been
recently opened under the most favorable auspices,
our treaty with Hesioei el the 311th of December,
secure* to this citizens of,,the United States a right o f
transit over it ler their persons and merchandise, stud
stipulates that neither Gevensosent shall '• interpose
any obstacle" thereto. It else concedes to the United
butes the '• right to transport across the lithuius, in
" closed bags, this mails of the United tittated not au
" tended for distribution sleug the line of the ruwwu•
•• tilcation ; also the 0110014 of the Gutted' States_Uuv
•• eruinett mid its citizens hick' way.be intended for
transit, and nut for dietribbtion on the Isthmus, tree
•• of custom-house or other charges by the llssican
" ti us e runic at- ""
liiese treaty stipulations With Ili - ow-Grenada so.l
Stexioo, in addition to the esonaiiiierahona
to the Nic.armea route, seem le require leg-
islstiou fur the purpose of carrying them into ...fleet
The infusions %loch Oasts beau indicted u l na, our c.i
izeus in Vesta Rica and Nicaragua during Th.. l a .l two
or three years base received the prompt attention ..1
this Government. Some ut these injuries were et the
most aggravated character. The transaction at Vu -
gin Bay in April, lii;,,. when a company tit unarmed
Aniericaus, who were in no way connected a ith alit
boliigericht conduct or party, were fired upon I.y tio.
trOopla of Costa Rica, and numbers ut them killed and
%rounded, was brought to the knew ledge al Coitress
by my predeceseur soon alter its occurrence, mud a si.
also presented to the Government 01 Costa Itti.a, to.
that immediate investigation and redress a loch the na
ture of the case deumoded. A similar course sea,
pursued a ith reference to other outrages in these
countries, some sit which were hardly leas aggravated
„In their character than the traumatism at Virgin B.
the time, however, when our present Minister to
N caregua was appoint/ad, In December, 1657, ~..• re
dsa had been obtained for any of these • rungs, and
*if reply even bad been received to the dewatels a tech
6WI been made by this teoveratueut upon that at Cos
ta Rica, more than a year before. Our Minister wa.
iortructed, therelore, to lose no time in expressing to
those tiovernmeuts the deep regret with %bra the
President bad wits/seed Ibis inattentiuu to the just
claims of the (jolted States, sod in dement/tug their
prompt and satudectbry adjuitureut. Unless this de.-
, nimel.ahall be cous?lied with at an early day, it sill
I only rdinain for this GSVOSSIMIIii. Lii adopt such other
measures as may be necessary, in order to obtain hit'
itaoll that justice which it has in vain attempted to se-
I cure by peaceful means from the Uovernanaut et Nl
caratua and Costa Rica. While it has shower. and
will continue to show, the most sincere regard for the
rights and honor of those Republics, it canted permit
this regard to be met by au utter neglect, on their
part, of wbat is due to the Government and citizens at
the United States.
Against Sec -Unsaid& we have long- - -standing cause.
et' complaint. •rtsicig out of the uusatistied claims at
i ur calico. upon. that Republic ; sod to these luau
been morn recently added the outrages committed tip
on our citizens at !amnia in April. lti.iii A t,esii
fur the adjustment of these diffiaultv..... euo,iUtied
by the Secretary of State and the Minister of ~ e.„
Laren/WA, in September, 11837, which raidameti just
and acceptable provisions for that purpose This trea
ty was transmitted to Bogota, cost was ratified uy tte,
(lever:tweet of .New-Granada, but with census amend
ments. It was not, however, returned to this city un
til altar the close of the last session sit the Senate. It
will be immediately transmitted to lust body tar their
advice awl consent i-and should this be ebtaluad, it
will remove all our existing causes iyi complaint a
gainst New-Grenada on the subject 0: claims
questioas have arisen betweeu the two Governments
as to the right of New Grenada to levy a teenage du
ty upon vessels of the United States in its rrtsid the
Isthmus, and to levy a passenger tax upon our citizens
arriving in that country, whether, with Ii design to re
main there or to pass Crow ocean to °eels', tor the tran
sit route, and also a tax upon the tuaVs at the United
Status transported over the Panama railroad. The
government of New-tirenada has been iulormed that
the United States would consider the collection id
either ut these taxes as an act to Nei:elation of We treaty
between the two countries, and as such soul.' be re
sisted by the United States. At the same time, we
are prepared to discuss these question' an a spirit 01
amity and justice, and with a sincere desire to adjust
them in a satistactory manner. A negotiation our that
purpose has already been commenced No etfart has
recently been made to collect these taxes, nor is any
anticipated under present circumstances.
With the empire el Brazil our relations are of the
most friendly character. This productions 01 the Ise
countries, and especially those of an agricultural na
ture, are such as to invited exteasivo mutual exchanges
A large quantity of Amerrean dour is i'olll , lllUsd iii
Brazil ; while more than treble the amount in veils, of
Brazilian oofee is consumed in the Carted St.,tea
While this is Rho case, a brag, duty has been levied,
until very recently, upon the impertgt ions of A, Will
can flour in Brazil. lam gratified. however, to he
able to inform you that in September last this has
been reduced from ell ;kJ to about forty-nude ceies per
barrel, and the duties on other articles ni o u r pro
duction have been diminished in nearly the settle pro•
portion.
I regret to state that the Ouvernment of Brazil still
continues to levy an export duty of about II per cent
on coffee, notwithstanding this article is aduiluitted
free Irmo duty in the United States. This is a heavy
charge upon the consumers of coffee in our coati' ry .
as we purchase half's( the entire surplus crop of that
article raised in Brazil. Our Minister, under instruc
tions, will reiterate his efforts to have this export du
trromoved 1 and it is hoped that the enlightened Gal
ernmeat el the Emperor will adopt this wise, just and
equal policy. In;tbat event there is a good reason to
believe that the commerce between the too county WM
will greatly increase, much to the advantage ut Loth
The claims of our citizens against the Government
at Brazil are nut, in the aggregate, of very large a
mount; but some of these rest upon plain principles oi
justice, sod their settlement ought not to be de
layed. A renewed earnest. and I trust a successful 'd
raft, will be made by our Minister to procure their fi
nal adjustment.
On the 2d of June last, Congress passed a joint rein,.
lution authorising the Pilsaidetit " to adopt such masa
ores and use such force as, in his judgment, may he
necessary and 'dirigible, for the purpose of adjusting
the differences between thb United States and the
lie Public o 1 Paraguay, in connectian with the attack
on the United States steamer Water Witch. and with
other measures referred to" iii his annual message
And on the 12th July followir4, they made an appro
priation to defray the expenses goAcompensation of a
Commissioner to ttMt republic, should the President
deem it proper to male such an appointment.
In compliance with these enactments. I have ap
pointed a Commissioner, who has proceeded to Para
guay, with full powers and instruetions to settle these
differences in an amicable and peaceful meatier, it this
be practicable. ii,is experience and discretion justify
the hope that his may prove successful in convincing
the Paraguan Government that it is 'due both to honor
and jtistibe tharthey should volutarily and promptly
make atooeasent for the wrongs which they have cow
milted against the Unithd States, and indemnify our
injured citizens Wbota they have forcibly despoiled of
their property.
Should our Commissioner prove unsuccessful after A
sincere and earnest effort to mecomplish the object of
his missioe, this no alternative will remain but' the
empinyment of kites to obtain "just satisfaction "
from Paragua) . .. la view of this contingency, the Sec
retary of the Kay, under my direction, has duel out
and dispatched naval Tome, to reedesvous near Bue
nos Lyres, wb It ia believed, will prove aufficieut
for the oommiom It is my earned desire, boa ever,
Milli may 004 be found oetwasary to resort to this
hist 'Ritualise. .
Wlrea rillitscese met la December km, the business of
the couistry bid Ptet been trashed by core tif thee* period
ical molt
system cinch are the inevitable conenqueoce of
our onset. and entraveguit of bank credit., end
inflated en y: With all the assent, et tational,
wealth Is shewiltimee, trey manalatuares were suspended
our ass* Ipa wed private enterprises were snested.
and thin:mods Midwifery were deprived ofemploymeat end
reduced do want.l Valuate' distress prevail/Camel' the
. 7.
ecotone ia l, riot and niechaiiical classes.—
Th is revulsion s `it We vole severely in the United
States, because Oar carte., had predated the like de
:Orbit effects t roughest their eteniescial nations ortu-
A.l l were sapeiimiciag Mid reverses at the same
arees ' eat. Oar iseeefshthrete trierratere oared Demero
-1 , net became* arise !seem eadeetaa hi the miff et (I*
solaia. haSbassatee then pm rap af at
• kw r irPindeetiona. The peer. 'wadeoag i anY
lied to
triet thenieeleee ie their pa/abases ta article' of pins*
• - .la ttai ii ==retioa of bestow thivirato
'aiesetileteree la seated mere
ape War elms, sail:web d=l mere
use the lan-
iodide easealaimiNsawed doe peat umber of tea.
abs bad been aapiarld /Edda amedilbramehafaariaise•
this lui
U 7. There could be nu supply *beo duos was no de—
'ru proem an example, there tusebi be sei deoseell.
6- railruad yam oaer our useigsubcoot gm/ow 411/1
extrodiug I....erients to every pone. eif the Uslioa7 l" 4
been brought to a dead pause. Me acute cuu.equeoeee
IVru resulted from similar cameos to massy other bato.clies
of unit& tneoulae tures. It u sell-evident that where there
le oo ability to purchase essaufacsaussi much*. Weed
cannot ho sold, and euneequeutiy must ewe to be yr cr
duc.J.
Nu Litiverhtuent. and especially ■ Government of such
liw itiul powers as that of the Lusted Suites, could bars
pre.ented the Ire revulsion. lbe whole commercial
world seemed Jur years to date Lees tualttug to W.. te
tas truithe. pie same ruinous cousequesce. would hare
Milk/wed to the Looted Y , t tier, whether the duties upon
foreign imports bed remained as they were twns( t4s tMr •
Iti ut id-W, or had bees mated to a touch higher iiitattuerd.
fits Toritt ut Ida had the Mesa'. Ihe
general muses ezistmg througtioitt the world. could not
emus been cutµrulled by the legislation of any partocubm
Lomat)
I he periodical resrulsi.ms wawa hare existed in our
past hiatus, ussi•st ~.utiouu tutelars at intervals , so bug
as our kommeemst uotiuuutied system u I bruit credits shall
prevail. I tie) will, however, probably be the leer se
very to im lu re , because it is uot to be expected, at least
for soros y cars Cu curiae, list the cuiseinercsal ratanss vi
.drupe, • tin e Mete au terests our ewe are an tuatenally
tut trived.*lts expose themselves to • under sadaseities,-
Dui this rube et wine treated so much at large se iny 194111
u , UU9J..)19 9 •98 9 that 1 *bell mat now pursue it furUeer.—
tisl, I ic•poctiully renew she recusumeodation. 111 1••0r
ill lile I/U.44160 1/1 a 11111101111 bankrupt law, applicable to
bum. lug 111s111u11015. Thie as all 4he three' power ever the
rubies, t • t a cit, 1 believe, the Federal titivernineet pus
actuate. :SIICII a law would tuntgate, though it might not
p r .s cm Ire et 11. l'he su , tiact of self-pruservetbou might
prod u, r a who lesonie restraint u pun Die ir - baolutig bum-
Hess, lb they knew in astveuce that a suspensive of specie
psi silents would suet palely produce theircivil death.
nut dr, uliet.te of the revulsion are now .lowly but
lately peening array. The energy rind enterprise ut our
citizens, l with unbounded resources, will„ within the
i s , 4a ,1 .111111114ef year, restore a state of wholesome in
d itAiry mad ( ( Ade, taimital has Resits accumulated in oar
huge braes. Ilse ruts: of tntereet is there very low. Con
' tab awe is gnidually ie•ivingi, and so *emu as it is 4119CW/-
tr.:Al 1, 4 1111111 cupital tan lenprobtaltle emplueed in ctan
mem.. tol mid mileometer's:lg, enterprises, and in the Cans
Ptructoin m ralruads dud other werk• of public and pn
vete siisproveineut, prosperity wall again steilts threughtsut
the issod. It Is vain, however, to dirgo we the tact 'row
Wll•.l,Cs, that a ssissmolutive iedutlou of our CUirOUCY,
v. itl,, a l a I. tat it.-1,,1“1,1/S 11111111140111101119? countries a how
1081141101 tun • come into C014,411U/1/41111111114 our own, ut•t
ever produce disastrous results to ow domestic - menu Ise
lures. 'su (arid, short el absolute prohibition, eao pre
vent Mein ...I s ousequemeee.
111 1,0110. 1,11 01 Ili ti... subject, it is proper to refer to
our Mists Mnl ronditmoll. The same causes which have
prudm.s.,s ire(. minify slistree. throughout tho country, hare
emu red mmictl toe ausuunt 01 imports from foreign countnes,
that tin r, .roue has prated msdcquate to meet the in.-
ce•mmur v t xi,. user of the Government. Tu supply the ste
rnum y, I.uogress, by the ail of the 23d ut December.
it , ......, a ethos' 'zed the I- sue of $20,000,U00 of Treasury
nets,., end tine ',fur mg inadequate, they authorized, b)
rise u. t u tJusse 14, Isscl, a luau ul 11 2 % 1 • 01,0,t iw , '' lu t"
applied lu (Go payusommt ul •ppropriatuame muds by las .
.1.. •intes•mostm would ad. sm. that we should go ou lO
rrcusidg the ust amyl debt te sili•et the ordinary expenses
,; the t,,,vcroment• Flue would t$ a p a wn ruinous pots
cy 111 CUM, .1 SSW'. our credit wet be WIC Chief PCIIOI.IICe.
at les..t ion the Pstst year, end Ibis would he greatly no
pasted by 11111 mug cootrat led a large debt in time of tweet .
II is . u, true po may to mores., our revesue ee a• lo equal
4,14/ ./speta•taturer. It would be ruitissus to couture. its
Issnr , ,w I:esides. at Luny be prampe to °bowie) that the
1.,. m teu'ima I pear, ova 11111• afforded by a revenue tend
.1, ts i.!, St the per-rat unimeet. to SOLOS 11,11C111, InClCll4le
the confidence al the Omuta:solaria; microbus, mid Rae a
ises•ts 4 11,111115 C 10 WA( ICI, mog Lowness. To that, surely.
~/ i temoom silt olv. et.
111 10,11 rd to the mode of assesiong and collecting duties
males e ',wetly revenue (oral, i lin•mm lung entertained end
alb 0 eltfrICOsc;111111 .1.11414.411, 1111111 sou, .1 policy require
hits slsoUl.l 110 ./one by /pet_ i t.c dulcet, in cases Ito Winch
tor., 11111 1, pr.,i.erlv epillie.f. They an well adapted to
wain...lllles Hindi, Sr. usually weld by weight! or Mess-
Ore, slot s latch Immo thou mature are vi equal or nearly
Irye „.51,1,1. Su, Is. 1,/ eSuitoitle. ere the articles of nun
us diaes, 1/ I . laslf , s, new rug it, amid foreign trines sad Imp
lu Iny delitx.ratr Judgment, aprcit;c duties are the best,
t,ie nn y tn¢aua DI *et:Ur dig the revenue sgauirt
lake and If itudulent invi.ices, and such has been the prae
t t. a adopted for this purpose by other commercial net
besides, specific duties would afford to the American Man
ulucturcr the tuLeleistral &nit antuges to ahich he is lairly
entitled under I. re, enne tariff. rho present system I.
-',ding reale to Ins disadvantage. hider it, when pr.( ea
ire high and business pro•peruus, the duties nee to
when ha least requires their and. On the run
tr ul y, Intl. piteel tall, and he is sit teeing against ad
erpsty, line (hit/. I are dumnirdied in the some prninirii /n.
great y to his minty.
Nen if• r w.tu'd thus he dancer that a higher ram "(dull
than tat intend. fl 1.% I ~n ,:tr.A, be levied to lin
form 01 Operihe In It ...Mid I.e tql•) :1•CCI - 11.•li
Cl1t.:(114e i.ilue sit any imported 11111, le 'sir • riell , l ,
Slid, lUD it 11.1 uI fili.jt t tti.g to .! I it a
Ce1(111111W 10 . 1' 1 JUILIIII, to 111110 1 I1101e 111 Is 1100. e 10
L1011:14'111 nl.. 1:1' I dill? •
...ICI! 1111 11111111,4r111 , 1“ Cofll,ollleir 14rUtild tint be tit
dun d. Ii 11.1 1111 e. 11111.011 1 , 11,•• 10 1011 II lIItIt nose duly
ire 11,11. IC tit 011 C year, but ti so, he aoubl pa. it
into tos• to 1111061 , 1. nod, 10 a series tol cats, %.,1114
Copt: of.. ILa tat,t se. 11 t.ditrt, and amount In the !ants 11.1114
for XS h/. 1 1111 is concetned. This inct.utenletnie
be I. Wang,. a hen contrasted w,ill tl,e addits.atal so
• wily t,nt•si!lut led a,t•titon frauds upon the rt tentte, 10
~.etfb.....teleruitts, is .1 it.s. iti
tl, tereotetl.
a wore teirowit ..0. rewu.‘4,
o w l , ot t uttsyuatuu, tuah n w Ctlittgreeti, to their better Iti,l
tor tit give ouch weight e 4 ttie, toe, ju.lly tierterre.
• Ihe lteittti t,i toe Se, refer'. 01 toe i'reesury will Si
pki; uc tt. te.l 10, ititeretiuns 01 that depurtutrut
of tlf
t,,,.rnuncnt.l b. r. eei pits mtu toe Tretteur irons rtl
•011ree• •Itir.og law &meal tear ending :Ail In Jun,- .ti
1.1.1 , 1; Ili. I ient , ury ttuthorteetl by the set of Dee
arc. 273.etei kllCil t11110Uni• a ttn tb
h‘tlastee ul su,i lu,ll 4 t.'.; remarmeg m the Icc stun it
ettattileast•eitteut al the 'ear, etnade, ell •I;grc gate
toe 0. II tee ~, the y Nit 01111 , 7,9, 4 3,9*J m,
I lw put, h.! ...peihitturee dunite the
Juur 11 1 . UlllO.l 10 ,:/t)...,W7 7% .1 .
It) .1 lu tiw ve.ltietit 01 the puLlt debt
end tL , tvoeitilitioll 01 l ' retlallry nolee, with ititerert there
AIL: in the Treasury LAI J ul, I, IN . ,'" taring
~,,, the prlAe ul n>C II M aur. $6,39 , .3 it; 41.
1 he re , es; t• tut. 1,1, lrealur) durrog quarter 01 th
i.r.reot 14•, a. i tar. coLOD./•nellig tle let of .luly. 1,5.. A, to. itia
ih.; .a,e Let.. 1 toe lot. of 4;241,0%).1".0. well. t6w premium 1:11.4
It ..“1110rt-esi by the art of .) true 14th, laoe, were
the too rus.,tol rer ell t• for the reuraluiu.r three quarter:
ire fro , ordinal . ? o,ureee, are b
•11.11 latiouve Leb.re ..tatett, au a,...greKate
eh, , 01 . 01 ,411“, e • .to r u, the let quarter of the prevent I.oe.
'v.v . ern, ..1 of whith 131.01034 J 37 were app'red t.
Lb , pa . wettlJf the pupil. debt and the reoeruption of Ireetoure
ti lt. ausl the roterepd tl.ereou The costimated et pendtt err
durtn,r the retnininitt4 three quarters. to :tuth JUI.IO. 16.11, gr.
au nAgrriaLe 01 674.v.3 95) lru.g au
.01 eivel..lll ere boy Ara the eatilrlated reeeigne tut. , Th•
re.t•ri ry from ordluhr) ouur.olo, 4U11101( the tlwsol year W th,.
one, 1, J.P.,:kal Lstraoriturtry moan• aro
pi fly IA ar a .1141 /1 her -.,rornau tof the :•ereerary 01 the
Lir, a., the fri,pue of treasury notes reJleerbol.intha Ly 1/tAvllo
11 , 4; the haleu , e ot the 100 u author:met Ly the al. I of - Litt, .11.100
ii. the extent 111,000.000, whieh. if realised during tb
prer•onl ear. will 140seillk halal:We the Treauury. tar
ILt let .f Jilt. lsd, , d ,u1kt..:50:.
the tekeeti.te Ilurteiz the nest Ural year. *tell h,4
J us ,e ere It ::.1.01 1 ,1451. which with the above eetitent..•
• f.: «.4 ^H i., tort, en aggregate fur the vertu/. .4
..1••• pact Clem! 'ear of I,6lo.utal.ai 4; The w.tituatel exprno:
tore , l‘antag the awct 4,0,1 year. •odlng Juror 3Utti. Ilwva. ere
Ir., I." , IV ln, whirh leaves detleat of leatlmateal ivuosua. p ou,
,• with the evtimated expuirlituree for that year. eoultueu
v..; • 0 la, lid ••1 . J ulr • Iv4J. of *1.075.1N1l
In relkil ion to 'ho , rum, Lbe hoitmarter.Geueml will moth,
from the freoeur), for e rereire of tb•Toet.tHlbee Department
a• explained in the report of lb* aerretary of the
rennin r}. widen will increase the *AM:Dated deficit on tn. .Nth
1..0 5 . 2,914,4 i To provide for the pa) me it uf tLlr
dedeleney which will he increased by soak appropri
1,4 May 'NO made by Congress, not estimated for In the r,
',et of the Irmi-ur) Deportment, .s well am to provide for the
tto dual rd,leutledou, from rev to year, of the out.taodlotr
Trea•un imbed, the reereiary of the Tfeaeury recommends AM/
a re. 000 n Lb. prwarnt Tariff ILO will rata, the required 111610tria.
Atl.•r .Its t I base Ilready said, I Howl scareely add that I sou
LIT 111 U. °pluton papreood to hi. report s •-that the public debt
.ti , übl but b. Increased by an additional loan, and would there
fore ;drool°, are. awn euntgres• the duty of making, ■t their
proodst sessiou, the nesnitary provision fur meeting these an-
l lie public dolt on the let of July, 1844, the commencement
o(Ihe-prwut fiscal year, was $25.156,977 66.
'hiring the Iltr,t quarter of the pIIMAISt year. the *um of V , :
OVU.V.LKI has been negutudeal of the luau authorize' by the act of
1 I h o(J one. IS5h--tristlidng lb* prroat outstanding pit bile debt.
e 'cleat •of Treeaury nada., pax, ,977 06. There woo un the
first ut Jul), I+s;gi. t.rrrewury notes Wiled by authority of the
wri of Dis ember li, 1n67. unredeemed. the onin of £19.;h00.--
making the amount of ectuel.indebtainms, at that dote. $:,4,-
910,711 6.1 To Una will la added $10.0004M0 during the pre,-
out tiscal year--this being the remaildtig half of the loan of
i ,. . 1 5.‘ ,01 ..0U0 not 3 et negotiated.
1 Ise rapid increase of the public debt and the necealty nbtrh
for • us elite Mimi of the tariff. to meet seen the ordinary
...pen.. of the tiovernment. ought to admonish cis aU. In on r
roomective spheres ut duty, to the practiee of rigid economy
Tie. &data of expeuditttre •botild be Mattel In number, as for
as chic may be practicable, and the appropriations mammary to
carry them Into otturt ought to b. diationard under the etricteet.
a.vuniability r nlightenal ea-onieny deem not oneriot In the
termed to appropriate money for aonatitmdonal murmurs., omen
tial to the defense, millirem and protTerity of the Repulate, but
lA. tatting rare that none tide money shall be Lamed by mi.
management, to Its applicatiou to the talecta Modatuated by law
Lutaparmouo beteseu the mutual ainemalltuai it the primeval
time, mid what it was ten or twenty year* ago, an altopithor
ir:.liwvour. The rapid hum., ut oar ououttry turnout. and pop
ni.:Jon. reader* a ODlTlPopoll.litle IMMO" of espoodi ;um to
tot.. Oa ton t- unavoidable. ibis broungtatatlx, ervoUoig new 01,
J. t• nteti.e.tdJtan, and ausokouttraft the amount required for
the old.
The true questions, then, are, have them (deeds leen no wpm,.
serily 00..1 or, Lae the amount expended upon any or GCs
of thine, been larger than comporte with dovecote's', t In as
cortiance with there principles, the heeds of the different execu
tive irpartment. of the tiovernment have been instructed to ree
dues their sellout., for the neat fiscal year to the lowest 'ten
der! coneletent w ith the rfilehniej of the service, and this duty
they have performed in • irdrit ofjuoteconomy. The estimates
of the Treasury, War, bevy, owl Interior Departments, have
etch beet, is some degree reduced ; and unions sudden and on
foremen emmunecy should arise, it is mot antiotheted that • de
ficiency will idiot either within the present or the next Anal
year. The Poet Milks Departinent Is pieced in a peculiar post.
tine, different from the otberdeportemnts, sad to this I shall
hereafter refer.
I invite Comprises to Institute • rigid scrutiny to ascertain
whether the expender In all the dmertaseate cannot be Kill fur
ther reduced; and I promise them all the aid I. soy power In
pureeing the Investigation.
I transmit herewith the reports mods to me by the fiscruari
of War. of the Navy, of the Interior, and of the Peettnaste
4.4neral They .eeb contain valuable information and ha
tan( reelnaulegimalums, to which I Invite the attention of u.
Irma.
In my last annual Blemode I toott *mad= to recommend
immediate coastructioe of tan smelt rteemeni of light draugh
.r the perjure or hiereenag the edlciestery of the Navy. OP
"Wig 11111100114114 to the recoutmendatiou by authorising the coos
strut:tam o f eigkinf them. The which bar bees suds
In executing ll6bb authority I. elated to the report of the Secre
tary of the Navy. I muour with him in the Wake. that •
greater number of this chum of dentehr is nerseemay Ibr the par.
pow of protecting he • more edielent seanmer the persons nod
property of American citizens an the high sass, and lea fbreign
oonatrise, es well a. In (warding 1101• ellenually our own
ammo leasordimgly recommend the piano of an act Om this
IE ". coutaised Is Abe lbeepert °tithe Secretory of
the isterior especially Ouse In moped to th e dispoddoe yet the
publle domain, the pennons and bounty land system, the policy
toward the loamy mid the eummtmeni of our patent laws,
ate worthy of the sertote, essaidelsollos K Ooserrews.
The Post, Oitoe Department temples a pellicle very dialer at
from that of the other tepartamsts. Tor many it was the
policy of the floeurnmeen I. vendee this a waits* Is.
st sear an op.
Of the ik onsilt Oda cannot sou r ithed in the mow
puritansumatury we to
Weal le Maisie, be priedimoble..
The Postmaster General I. Omega If • wed am pe.
eitkes by the ezistiog laws.' M.C.lllwil isny three
direct. Ile bee no o th er atimmetive. Ely ibid., however, that
this stases bed's" without heavy deimmds apes the lisimary
over sad sieve what received kr postage; aid these have
t e en a cgraehely isereadsg Pim am to yew, mall thew;
he the lad listal year, on the MO inns,
I. OM UM WOWS ; mblbit bp Ow the
eat, Nies' peer tk.viii elianiat to s6,2lidaw Ta w .
sar-imatto el We assayed eirpr•iptietlie el 11l tam",
eatioo air the anal servile porkausd kg JN. tr i,„
plea ead the otiose impartmout• and 0111 2 rt•
theitsuvensuun cerpri Nut ter.* t
Tbe °Meatier's delielte se widely 4 1,
iscrieseol ions.. ua Irstuopurtilsg W. Isasal• , a •
pall lot this ratio. wee Lot • frenum above 4,
LAW. yeas bas snowily larseased lo .4. r
ed more thee es,thopoo ; and **the weri/Ye •
bete dtbet it will summit to Aube Wee so , ..
The nreelpte ad We i• oft Mho.
approach or o pt iro./ lir riZiorluilturo
teleidUll of (loeie. Ito appl)ll4 Lt.;
takes that the people MUM NI cod , 44 ..„
whirls lbw) , are frilly entitled 1,•
perwieat. The pnioniwil refoo.lu. rt. •
.sibs LlCouareee by Um rustlat....o t 1
former taw of )41111.04.0 070.1 •logst• I• , • ,
imitate fur the tretikaig pnuilege Li..
WAWA to ictiyoi It of PoetAlrint stamp. our
nod to Wrobt UMB Deportaient, lu
krisamliatallOill Uwe MIMI, 10 Muliur Wigs
Ur rum emoroolry oar thui
to be traiolorteel In postaaectiee or ...ruse. I •""
deenipt:ou, Under We present my item, •ir
.rawest is greatly air:wed, by raiuulor u.. _
Le burled to aura YebleleoLo • 111 0r0ut024444.4,..„
.111 Le duos, without soy pay troab
roads warn, We travel in 1 reesunorele „
reowasetuletlues deoert• the grin. r. ,
I .veld SWAN Cab yOlal ailletiLat4.
rinr kteilroeu. !Wm and tenet wt. Li „
toe is We truth and Justice of the ,
tow patio. t In my last annual aleena,e,
i 4/ rider
rt Is fresiy soloaltted that It +souk: be ouezieu,...
(sordid:oat t la warrens the paver of
fiesiroesi Lt Its own lausediate %mac
crease the patressa4o of the tee, ltair•
std lu trYliaaa a 'Mani of jobbing Wed currbp., . 5
inineaou the part of Federal onieish.
detect Thie ran only be done by the oro o ,), •
careful supervision, ut indivraw.l .04
construction of the toad oufht, tbeiccas. L. L t r "..
conopauka 'Doors/rated by the trace-,
pecuniary interests would be Wriaby +Otte...
thee aaalat them 1r the work Ly gnat, .
bulb, uselor comb canaltdalre and scat rb tea, . .
lrooaportatkos of troop* and asausteuua ,
duos ge, and that of the luitell riot.
„..
We peke'. "
The progress of frusta duce the easemortguilea:
Session has shown hers soon W:health's dlesi ..e
and determined nosolotkab At that tIL:. ...„ ,
deemed by wise and patriotic men to L.
The great distance to he overrome. the ,4.w% uteu
ossul umerts in the way, were obstacle. • la. Li, 114 bt,
•U• 13), COlll4 uut be curl:wonted. iota IL,
Albans year, these obstacles, It bal. her, v'eLtnn',. u, 'stn .
Sormeheble than they were *upptitorti .
iebattelbiere wow pass and repass regular) L'" , ‘ Lon. s.„„
tiry a bbbillittotl aqvun road. between P.O 1 r13.. , •-•t
eat soessopliia, la teas than tisane, gv• %lay.
bee w
n rigatarly per
tit ~f ormed as it was
he Yarn sad this
Vb hole disclaiming all authority to aplrol r:c•. u.cus
chusteuvtiou of this mad. except that Jett% el t 1
"Ult. et LI •
.te lltere bre +Uric
lite evres 15 t,
la.t 41,1 Lr...,1 1111.111C114.UP It.v.e 1.., I bat ... L • rt
'• " • i" , ieriti. I t we v ii IL, , .
♦ ..at •Le u..clj .11,41uL41110 11.11. 1..0
itSlto lsco itltititrallutt
1 !Sul &WWI, 114 s c•-auswarcul pulialut view, 1 tutmirlogr
jreaL daj . 11• Lb, U.. •••• I + ll, 12,1 " -
•t:‘,141.1•11 alutus eha ALliaiitte,
list Pit am, tf all W. part. •••.•••4 Le u4s/teet I ) to..
rek4.l Leve.eattl) .
I:age kruy•attou ul tW traur Lul4 vl 1.1. at I• L. k
• ciat treatW •11.1. that. J•pau •• tit ,•..
point...us eispirta Lu utir Coin/Uri , au4 IL.
pru w Itut Wt iii•Liuu •liseL Laa g,a+LAIPI
•;lb Liu.lerli Asa La. aiaa)• . , ,
1 La IL, u,sat geugniptiacal
write. Awaistau La 1.11.1 a 1 -
Lehl 1u [sap tier ri.L luit•L• .
1.• aLtaii L.., „
•14.4 1L• pfG41.1.4. _ _
L 50a.4.1. 11••••••4••1 auch a cal/1 . ..ad
tuu• , ••Lscli •••41.1 but Is. it...p..1W b)
ii ittar, uur by doi Uvpu..l
'Lora Cu...Lk tit the Us. el &LAI
tmel.wenLi Xurepeo elect 4la
the 4/14 of Augtukt imet, Lteut J
lielpttse, Laythicst the
l'udaul, ut Nn./ Year kt•) t(.T
• ill, wore time three huudred Aire we 1W0...
PrIS., %Maar the cutuwand nl Lteut
;hues Joy, err - ilea at I:la.u.rit.tvu es" the.t7Lll , -:
the wrygrues, tlltU lu 1111 1 / 1 LAW, ere ucll.erci , ...s
the Lulled btatea Marshal ber the Lt arkt L
WV Were trat y4.ed lo Cradle Yluci.t...) .I._ b... el
Fort ZQUlpt•r, kW sate heeptug, • yrs art.
the lett :4/ytember, lettee4 the sureiver,...:.
each erect on heard Lim Ll4-wl btate• ate.::
trarlitiyoruril tO the coast of Aheica, under Ile er
~f the L nitwit distils, puns Cant to the irru , s. • t 1 •
44 of March, tali., •• to ruidltauct to tber• Le ; -1,..e......
tussle." Ungar the secutid section of thi. . ' '. ; f
- auttimised to make Dui b rsguratioris•ito. ...i.i ~ia..._
may drew eillregient , fur the mte kereplita se' r • ••••
harlultal the limits of Um tinned eitatea, ...1 a . a - :.et:
lattrwe to pertUtaS of Color 4a, lot., I, 4.••4. • .
refutes, as ma) 1.• defter:et-1 to the Maria. , ~f ...1 4 li e.'
which they ate Lrough , - and to 1.14...11. 1 • 1.
1.0 roue reeiding upon L 14004 0 14 of AAlit • Cl ...I- t •,
reatei•tug the 1it1r4.4.1 4 , norlattres. or 1.1..... t. I
,vl3l uu boarti • marls pellorat in the pro. ult , o - •
t elle be rust - W.l*M of tb• Lulled piste* items.: ,
A &tuft lustUraltatel) aion a. to the true cot.' • a •
act It I• gull. • tear trio, It. terms that the t're.,,e
410.rizet.1 to ?tor We • tor the tale are, 111, • 0pt.0 . : ..t..
o; 114.0..4 nangraolutt 'hl the time • : It,. Jeli••rt t • Li
Le I Lott t I Air) , • ; tout . o eaten .. I r• • tat a aa- watt.
{intent .4 autl.utpor I. arta I the) lat . too It l ~• ,14.
at.Uot.
sou ,t.li. ALFI a n ent .a. to I. •01,011. .et :• rat
.11 Ain. a, and It rattl tot hate 10ct. •t 4110. 01 that
Intrutte+l tie idotulti de-art tlrm at ',lon tat meat II.•
cit.... 1. 1.1. ti turn them to re lil. lit . tnlso.t.tte I tr.... 1 .•
ik 2401 ol trol. • r tr 1.....ina again floe •tet.ett• • 1
fiat Ittl. Luau 11l- Intention of t-ortureeir , Ut• .. 1
.1.,.
.1 I. r.rl. •al, theist who to it.,0.1 , 4 40 •• ..
.sa• nth. rooart • ant they UO,lll tastes' • • •
.te1...,,..1tere lo Attu, snit rot% e 11•... .
Le L 41 ,4 ,41.0 11 . 4 .4444.1 t 4.11.110) 1101...1‘ .1 1..
MI H. oh tor. 1.. it IV • I*g, .14. ~ 11.1•••,..• li
At ti , . I rot ......ou alit I t.. •• t aft. t ....
. a-- *tat la I.a. 0400;04. 444• • I • Ira. •
. 411 4401 at 1.• t. tat. "II) .1 4.14, .1, •
•• •• 00...
t 10.1.4 Antes, rms -a.. err a... awe, nt •
.1,0101 le attic to iiroeat • for throe-s
•
this Interpretation of the art of ' • I.!
o.obl 1..14.1 betel entetta4ll4.•l r •
Mtiall 1.. cut uffileal 1..... ,i•.e.: . :I t - t
• %hoot! It be 'term.. tort . . - • l• • I
i•r-rea-Oleago are Lail ot...ar . • •
to ••plata the art. all ttr `I a .- • , •
...ultra act" rtlltt. I. I '. • w•, .t.. , ..• • . .
sine the pr., tat r .t 0 •11 - 4. t it \ .I • ,
hoard the t... L,.heir .it I tared to ' f.. It r' . • .
I•4ol.Slir my duty 1.• vontil ler • I,•t .lii • .I le .
d thew 1.10.1r.. 1 . , .a. It -I' 1:11:40.1 1,14.4 4.• .
remote term tr , 111 • I/811 libl a.lt, n•
tha.ugh liar ..4.1.0 L• 1 •
../ I. e >title rut:,, Kl.. •
...,..1,, fp% IS/4 t • ,11, ..,11.1 •i• I t t.. e.s VCt tl• 4.
abut aIISIA. Late '• . I eat r let . .t . tt. I.lr ,
a hrtlonned etut.t.u•n• a t•I titre. Lobito-I I
ntetuarr ‘lt Intl, et hat • lt) , ritual ot I I.
...arta of intioitteLlent e and ...4 cap. .I. 1: .
1,. 0.0.1 1140111 we. 1140 .460.4400 .1 4 , • •
C.. 4.1 01 Afro a L. • 1 o If lb. y -.oft' le ft I'. ,‘
I. howaolly. .et tit t.• 1.0. it , t i ..,•- I ..•
. 11 nOtteluett on. ellteret Iht. a Ith il • I •
the :lb of t.t.tetutor Met •et i e 4• ”, •
MI:11 , 1, 1.11.4.40 , .1.0.11 the N. let) enttri.,..ii
I fort fee 11400•04101 41011.1. I. 1,41,1 A ... 1. 1, 0 .
11111 11 , to if.. •i 4. 01 01 Liar t lilt.' lat.te- at
ring the 1...h0t of one .tar thereafter ..•t•
, 10ti0n.... I i 011,i-1) ant. mesh., 411.0... tat •
to reretve , tat...1113e , 1.114.1 a 1.. I.• Liter 1 .
1401.1.0 teat iii the loth. if ri•Illtorl Me • 4 1. , •
ft i• aggretlute of tarty 111, t1.4_41.1.1.01 04. 1 . ,
.4::. a ant r none hutoired alit Ills , l. t al- •
and n• ll.cre. anti teen ,4•1041.,...1*.•1nert. , •
may Le more Is ft ri • Le) rent It Alfa a ILe '
ta Or , egotist Ie iiittrit to ma: e soil, a red' •
at tinder the 4 Itc1;1M.4411:1 4 Pe Itla) al {Tar-t''
I hi • ri,unot 1a• bawl until we •Itall arret • t ,
whit I. may I.r-we a .-teary. to tee 54,10:
If was elan diellut tly agreed. that. 1111 •••
.11.11 this tittieernment he called upon for t.IL .^•
DPI.
lite agents I f the froctety manlfe.ted ~.,,, .
rt rut to tits •Ishe• of the t.overn wet , I !hr. I .
flan 'ILO ...Urt•l me 11.ot miter n • are;
. • nal It re,ittrel to et lend the .oth ft , z
tone' , c• 11 cacti Intl. oluttl In et tot la Of , I
and they would L. , . ni .L'il.! lett t rentinters •
ear., trx.ol•le OA 'cal t-1.•. 1 .' •t• .1: a., i , rill. .
no Letter arrtirtio writ ere. , ;hr"Wa• ' A P I , 1,, . . ,
laurlng the rt-rlt o .11n II el . , it , ' Met I 0.. II 11,. ft.
alfell ID 11101..1ttl .. It.. 1../.1...1 4 0 51..14... I. 4 . I ton. 4
1f11.14 11, .' , ..4 irf bind are ler. tat • I , t.rent r
'Cherie harin.',Leen co out-tars:in: ..1 pi.i.i.rtut ton ni
:lire t.ttel.e.a. I +tilt i n.tr ',den. Nt. all I iiiii alley t n the..
I tt ere , it re' ttninat d that au apt roittiiiutin Ins • '•
the am 0114 her sertry to cart" tt into effr 1
• ' , her • artUrtle of a .11Ittlat tharaeler flay .4 • •
lie toatle by vier 1414‘4411 0 1 .14 . 11 . •(1 I eterneo.l4• yr. •.
Congress may 0133•13.1 the .reti n a recta h.l It •
1"19, at. me to free 14,0•0411411.1.,41011 from fit.' nn . 1.
no long esurtml. and rrouer tLe tint) of II r I ~
•tertiting 11. proTtalont ,
I rer'onttnelhi to )out' fat ore hie rep rd 't •
the; lii•triet .4 . 1 4 luntlita A. the restirent _-•
1:1141.1"Ut1%• Deltartisient• i he hot err are a.I
f•• 1 • de.{. neuter. in its welfare TIM , t• I . 'f•
high character e.4l_llle falleefUl clad .411. tit 4 .
dwelt Inhabitants
I cannot conclude without performing the ..wee. •
esTresising my gratrtleation that Congre•• .. .
to the reoommendation or my Mat Annual I t 0... '
me .ufacietit time baths , . the CIO. of their ts. , •
•samanation of all the hills prewented to me '
.1%
eh abge in the Tractive of CoughtaLs hat Tr, i ' •• •
reform. It eiertral •he ial inflow:nett' e -•'
legialatiee business. a • {led the et u• tit,
the country i t enabled tigress t. .it •
dignity and deliberstien so hemming t, •1 e rt •
all. greet RepUlilie, without ll.Tittit tr, a r
Troprtat ton Lille pr o• blobs inreiffir to th•' , ' ' '
fug constitntionality and ex; evert. lie e ' '
et re - the ly rcsoureo.ithhi pn<edrut tr. I at; ' . te•
a (Whit to their yrocatlbge dwing the tri .., • ''
J AII I . • t
Washington City. Dee. S. 111131 1
--.....
IMPOILTANT TO
Dwelling House Owners and °capita
THE ETNA INSURAN('E c( IMPA- •
wDIM'S to call your attourt,,i„l;., .r •
oiler for the trepecuil patroitar " • •
Houton, particularly thole located soli*
dangers from neighboring buildioga, to
lei. The retell of premlup being lower
any other clan of prepertft Imaging • •
tort , Virler of any prudent and Ititinitriou.
UD. The abatement from annual nor,
auntie's made with it tor periods it.n,. r •
serum, for nee year, may be .t . •
more than the rates of internal. and the (.1 ,
rate renews*
too. The facility with which Insurauce its
Um Agent, at Sri., who is WIT ncluntl•••""
teen:ant rotes of premium, and Wu 1'...t. •
out any reference or delay% Tice Are". , I '
loges at a Nome Institution, in ever) , me, • ,
trit. The stability that Insura.oce t • .t .• '
Ito prompt and equitable adluelmeal . I . • •
(almost forty year.,) thl• .geN• Ifpx it,
muted buidness, boa orstated It such en • 5 . • "‘ .
Ingepodrootsge, as to render its pet w0n.... •
%bumble. It Ia fne from the danger. and t
those Campmate a bruie iranoartion. ore n • '
PeCtiOn, or directed by a difierent ~.tom 1' •
the Coolant you intone witb, .o one et •,., . ...
Inpallinen. 'Ti., Cann CAPIT•L of tb• .1 •• . • ' '
LAVA all laid up and Wenn ly. 1 •••••••• • ' •
(July 1, 1868,) of nearly Sorts Hi PUPS'. 1 n •' s
--.
PR THE ROSES
TI.:41 0 it t f Ilbl •I '
mi t ,_,.„
re
If you re centered Uteri. the •,...'n
&truant ion of 10, by the • 11,,,, ' ' • '
•
milted to swept •erny, beyond the I. .• ' "'
..
facilities Um Po easy to reader a, pe, ~,,,,,, • • , • •
to Gm porseirear,
AGAINST TILE EVENT et) , I'E,TI t .11 , • Is t
J r
FARM l'hOl'Ell'i 1 . . .
IN tan rot A TER/ OP VA.", •r 1 I 1. •
... ,
...
Agency Office sa. E r ir . (N.M. , I a , •n. , ,
~ , ~ •*, ,
J r 1 ,1%m , - -
I ,
~.•
car - Any tonlionsimtion It. in 1,. t,t ter.
With prohipt attention.
Krie, Dee. 4. HMS .
A
_ Pine Heavy All Wool
~ +HI, i Cl 4
L. ..„
AT TWO DOL.L.A ft:... H fil 7ti i
~
_,,,,
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1 $25 RE Wit RD.
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