SLOAN Sr MOORE, PUBLISHERS.'
kOLUNIE 2'7.
THE ERIE OBSERVER.
PrEr 1 , 1111 r id/74011.Fri'
C\J. 1. -LOIN ► • a •I. 11. MOOUir.
t • ANI.1117112.1:-
P. I. 0 t N. N.Alt•r
or•, •
in .• . , .14 ..uth. .A
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a • • r nel•••1 en(
!4.1t11 - ~ 1 [1 . 1 . 11.
rir Rt&ol, • .«a abler. 43
•.•••16, a to I lib*. SOW.. 1/. subblkiis 13 Sib
• CR.
• • • ,re. 12) 11 D 7
P' • • ...re a •t k t
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, • • ~ • • .1 ,
tts
• •.tteLl,La lb* baibas.-as L.nr...1 a , 5.3 ea ,
f.l . a Card, r •Ix • k :1. I.
aL.. 1.1 tonal Dotter IlLbpußa a nue
ortilvn) . 011. , Li hxlithe
v, .14., • au.! 1 , R4 11 . 1,1 ~ 1 11,'
'6,11 lae auurrrrt toL, a u .11,„;d04,. c, 141& , &Cabil.
apace. the Lharg., 1., , e in pr' purtiun S..
u..ut ••d • .. b lttniate Miattaa.
Payment fir tr.trment a Ir.rtionnrob. nnelrow
1411,• f.•r erari• s..:vertasing prearatr4 hall
taction ~ 11.. h per MA,. • rll tot • L «uryt tea.
a& . '•
BUSII4'ESS DIRECTORY
IL HAL :St \
•, • r 1' t/%1.01
forPn \!•'" • e''.% SO ^h 14 'VI
. _ .
/;ILBNU7'II . U.l~k .I'IJUT
.! ..1,
=I
ORA. Bi.P.BE
yrtn.r.hip • w. uettref•p•rtfullA oder tine"
rrr". r ' n• ~r •toi MON kmpoe
=Ea=
EMI
Butrrni.u.
„
, , , -.us, i'urk., f .411, :.ast.i.rbal. , ,
. • • Nstls, tfrooms, Pa/14, 14 0.141., .au•
A A ••• 110 ',ash l'no-s Iv, Nu. 41% nrht s
. • ,n •. ,111). 4.0.1
1311
J 0 24:1'11
,vto ,72/4
MI
,r.a. • au, /6.4,71 Lonibtcat/ f r
MALI, as, s 41ar •, LI • 1,1/ ar.4
Malr3.••• • 1ln.: NI it res, s wv.h sr. t
•It
OE
1 .% ILLL t TIiOIiNTON,
• , e herds,4ll,llllll4lo
xr.,79ttelv rat4,lll
.0 %,
TLIONLAS :11001tHEAD,
t, 11.1 k lk ta,. M,.rtfage
n• •rl 111^'Et. : . 1 OM , 'n •
• • L 4, . •u, : - •n• • rr, • "1
EMPL It E. STU ti 1:3).
4 ~ .n/alf vLY, Jvl•Uerl, 11.4cL.4."1L1)
D vies:. ,. • Cnrpeermr
..T4klll (5:
.4.•: • oll.C.VroY $.(144NT1, I.ea)S,rl is Coal, 1. ob,
• 0 r 1 ("La• r Wt o
!Alit% tl,l,
- •.1 ,V - Lr.e , 1a 1 %ten n •
•• • .t Praha, rbonks and .1,- ,
, •
MEI
lilt. J. 1.. wrisw4HT.
.•r.an• (.17,,e .1. •%(t S ,nrl.. •
, entla gtme , e,
lEEE
4,,
Sr. 111. t'SfirMl Ott id
- Jv:.tpera ~ 1 I v • • rut.ti • Ur ,
t
, A IS. RI. an *OM
TL8131.L.... klt%L7 S CO.,
. .
r •'•` . I
111(.7,11.1, di:
~y. • °lc.. t, Brat% a
-. t.1 0 10 , I • t• Pc•b; .s • t)
•• • ..orato - 1 mp• rw , P.tlt.
• • •4., , ruLtAig 11,,La
% ILIA WILLINI:,
Av. lre , U. sae:. Al ;14e I a I.
t..•!t -I.le df tE , I rn Dd, Pa to
-On El. T. .TL.ILILETT & CO.,
8.L.1 Zlirct Vra.rt, e
, - f I , ,neh ! p,..«, appnatte the a •
• t • a t ',a.. chef, !the aiaah , I
',um •• ' ..• • ,
_
• k, • M,• , 4 Routing al.: -I , • ~
0...• wzol...dlaystcla a. rear, kabie
11.' LE & CAL unity,
kw/. s, at., Lk 'Jars Dat—ossuz.k nu Lupo rt d Vala,
Se car, Tobacco, Yrnrt, E tat., VII, dad Agelit I
•- tiulftln Alt No i Idormedl Lrie,
N at- It wiorta
/ L %%, I it
•••••-r* td 1 Az0.n....1..
tu4 ?rim-yet Cities of tbe .
,r •e. t`r u..d
r lr..terevt pal,: n 'tar. ilero.lta. )I -
• • F., W.'--rstrtz • .1 , 1 sr..l .veat , e.
.•
El
%1.11.k.N j A. C
NO I /JUL bik•cl •..
33
E. 11. A 81.1.1..
taw' to Wail4llll IL Sktrllll4.ll%,
—J.... -NOW:, bet. rcl/ 1.1/e 14...4 II ...We :Id
iltto tho art Sy,:
11 •
a,
1.. N. 111.11. , 6: CU.,
~aa,•.. 17: / RetA:l c!,..er. and rt..
'.t.; ' • • - • . •e• ..apn.t and Mtn in ns,
inann u t ' .r g nate, rar •asoll7, tar/1 ar OM •AL'',A,
RI( II %ILL) (•. 11E11110N,
/kr - 9d Urn
•
=err F:n• naps aLc.
La.. Pik
11;ZIECEINS
T1.104‘.. N. \ I -.TIN, •
1.. ..f In . .. _ /.... .... re 1 4.1
^..., A . ..tr.,... - -I, r ~ p rbune. Ilum al In
' "..-s " • V sm . ,. ir, 041n1 , , aboisal.e
_
MN. hk. , l hine.
Jinyearorr, to lAsese.. 4,4411 &...0
r, II ard W.., 1.. rocker],
- ..orner uc r ath Asal.
u41.1r, S
,tc tre.,
.TEUILETT,
►nl Dry(; eri•i,
• • - • • .. ' 1. •:w Fred , Wooden, W.l
st , tat •••••, r r t, LrairrA, Nat:, Pow .10. r. t•
Vet. r ase, tt , Ac Frei. a sweet, upPIP-i*
---
LIODk.LI.. KEPLEIt. d CO.,
1.4.1.10 r, 5t4.11.11 Bah.lors, V•Ji t Doo^a
4 w.. .:l k.aiks 0t Alicutne:y a..
M. CIiAPIN,
.1.1, r— Jtlle. In Uri AsumPtabga block,
rate .t.rr-. • tn. the Y .bL Sq iaer. .p
-l•-1 -gea rg-nrro rug', e, i gad gal r% rk bbr ngra red.
WILIALVVI
♦T I - . v
uf
M. SAINDirOKU
`thee, B►uk Note., i , rI4Ao►M. of Dry,. • 'yAc
• 1.,(i. •.• • ~tlc.• - 1.11
Public 1-. t uart. Erie
T. IllEttliON itT.
F' I ALI oar,'
Low fo etstet. • r Fo4' •
RUFTR REED,
..ertuan ••1•1 An....ri-sn !kr I•ram szni Crithery
• a41,-te• V. I !ted House, k..
JAHLi. KI,
bk ) •.r. ~, I t, of t+ use str,vt, ,Pa
ROOTH & WIPE WJ YT,
Dealen w }•w —• :tr.
Itted liou* t. • If • (.1
GEORGE H. CA.
Enc, County,
a.aela attended to with promPuleu
- -
C C.V.TER ac BROTH
and &tail Dealers to Dnaga,
GAAS, &c., No. t 1 heed Hod" CH,. l'a
JOHN SWERNIT,
ru Pact, Unice In the tom forwr
" 4441 4 in Witham's Block.
JOHN HEARN ik
• and Costsaisainn Ilarehmata, "ll 1 '
aireatial a dolly lux. of Upplt Lam
J. W. DOUGLASS,
Emr.—Odice with Breoado Gust, E., , l .rk
tibl Rood Hoer aisd Hrown's Note. Sri , P. 33
- -
AMICCIK LB dc 1151.1111141411 1 11.
IG sad Coromisalon Werthilide a nd V. • iti (./.)
near, wslaz Lime Gad Plaala.. a I , Last
tinwt. trIO. pa.
-
GllOll6lll .1. 1111111M824
Pak
csa lad Comagadas Iderebaat. bag Dcei •••
Aah ritsgt aad heater. C.
- ..
C. E. WEIGHT ic 0116 _
Celissiors sag Dealers is Gold sad Illkt,, ( ;, . a. , gr'
..' h aty. Load Romany sad Cortltions of I' , I • ''' .:°"'•
- 7. t i.he pescpsl dads this usSsu, 4,J111;• pit - , , 4
di'
tor solo. °flea. It laloloarlrinorl ~ NI, ' - iv.
44 Mo ir Notre.
~: rarr ,
F p B 1 ?LIM
_ _
.' '
T. It. BLAKt,
assale and hetet Dealt: n Poeetiew wC
" tr, merle, A rtional Flowers. Astoyetsi,
au,. 11, ;,Laerr,Nn 6 Fleets B.
' , t ri, ISsistesseews, Lrse,
' , tie , an , etoo pas/ so Orders
J ift"11144.. Yank
AT W. DS
_
At, D. B..IIeCBEART,
N
rtnet N ALL:OI 47* LAT Omce c•ortier vf Stat. , and
+Levan !Ivielahrt Drug Aura
Arno* C. MIARSINALL,
At I
KAI,
p o - bS ID T •ommem Wilda%
ot Los,
EEKLY _ tISERVER
,
ei., , , , tagme..etowikePateme4
...... trio. &sill a. J. 111T14116
-- -
Ve: C. DUALITY, - --
Seri I. aaasa,saast zatipas salsa F*Aas, laiyally
lOTA sal.saasise. bran Ist. spateaii to Ufa pas 4 V:p.
il ".. osal war Mk gnu Canal Laaillaa, Malin Wawa la ib
3140 To tire best likni4 Horse, u ). th e mil W. C. If,
psi,. *at+ Ilk ISM 44
---
4saasaasa as orwnreowomp L i., ftwism. Puck raw. saA, 41211114
Woodall
irwe lltaims Rau, kr
re.rua• ..s6 \ ,-, telMeigOW =
Natal 164 a.
- - -- —...---.
J. e. ,
Fr fiv114111417 e.at t i t A ft 4 4111 1 1 0 r. DISPIOrr 7" MO/WM
LTA sateo* o f every odeleripcooo 4 tate otreet,
opaocollbe WS, Mob, h.
• -
J.
111741/111 ITrialllW;
D 6.4414 44 04.,ta:tonary, kloodday Hafogiorta. /rime," hailer
tleolo-Rbeelllfuele.Wevrirpapers, Gold Pens, Pboket ['calory, ke.
rho ,Woor witialkwasi Ho" Brio- as
.44 , - F.i4,rt hism ./.‘ Lea*: 4,4 Desbla Ilectigisd WbJuksj , W U.
Rrnrow, !tweet it.
PARM i _Cata“ -- 1511
nun =OM% WITTAUIt-
INCE An GENERA L'AGYN ±ll,
mewl Iludir awl tiegaselny, laws.
PA It aunt a: portit, r PARKSJI ft GMAT
bows. begasa la Irhamet. :load Agnate, art id Sant.
AND LAND AGICTIS. BROILERS
eteatena . foam. I Lynn...
S- Ir. • • • crter % - s,aaa Land, in IX %Moro sod N orth Western In
•., Awatre sad I'vrem tioas is Nebessita wry
Lod gum- Pal Tuts. kg.
n.:r. U l / 4 4 MS 4/61110 , 10.11 01l 5.+...• 1444117 Pollak Wawa (al I
RF. FER TO 11,0 /*La Gaiteattli, umi N. B. Leen), Bp. fate
aapl 11. L. fia..lurbood, laq'a. Meadville; Hop C
Sr-.,t. gllaron, sod Samuel Protherton, Waterford, Pa Dr. ('
Plugateer and Ytte.t.lng se Coanelly, Bock WYd, i iytT
=EI
INIE=EM
MERCHANTS' INSURANCE COMPANY
IV?, I t Mere/wets' BreAmege, iledeiphie.
ISE3I=I
Authorized Capital, $400,000. Amount ile
oarely Invested, $200,000.
leo ',rated a Ivl ey the Leguksture al Pecias Ina* leader s
pert us! Cluuler
F *cri Inland Thworpertatten Risks taken at entreat
Willson % . PIMA. John Ifollsonali. Jr. KINN L. Woolson,
J.,:...t. t....M stgouter, b. F. Witmer, Juba 414.arsholl,
Jnbn. M Peinren, Jnbn M Hale, (too. W Woolston,
L. J. Met'aan, H IMMO Mlllar, Chas. B W Welk
JAL J Patters°. , NI In II Allen, Anton It. Dar
1. F WITHER, Vlce Pmt. WM. V. TIMM ?tent.
DA...N.1.E.L b. EINE becroterjr.
k,,rlll9,lSab —1,49 G A BENNETT, Agflat Ent., Pa
Ay. V
J. J. LINTS, INATRANCE AGENT.
R EPRESENTING the follueias reliable Compaalee,
ArryA TIRP PIA rm.i.ifcr romP4.NY,
of Hartf.ait, c.,ao - - • Capital $400.0011
MAI 0.% lI'.L.ILTH FIRE 42VD NARIYZ LYSCR.42CCI CO.,
Harrisburg, Penna., • • - Capita/ $3090110.
PL.N.N SIL Na l' 4 XL) MAP.LYE LiNSCALILNCS
Pi.t•Uurg, Pa , - Capital 8300,000.
LIMA 11F1. URA-NCE COXPLIY,
llartiord, Loon., - - Capital 5150,000
=I
Rate. a each as Inc as want, to tb.ln.and vii yamlt. 'Of
fice io Pam Ofßati
Fri.', April 1966 49
The Insurance for Town and Country !
THE Erte roust, Mutual Insurance Company continues to
make lasuranco on every durcrlptter of property la Tows sad
Lvard,r, at ail /or rat.. aa are COllliataat with wanly BARU /le
"...ided - into two eisseme, vls the , rartner's. tit 'trick nom but
farm pretetritr agatkdereilisse, 1341 feet .e over too expotabeea, are
Ina.re4 lima tLe ,m,wierei&l, which all kind of property are
remind. The leads Ist ittbrreeparlreat are not liable for losses la
:Li other,
T,t. r;
tzp-Carl. Insurance as Other Department at the nuts'
stock rates.
PIRECTORS
Jame' C Marshal?. c
oon ii maw.. WX. P.
Jmmocky, Jo. Y. Ittaerett,
fepler. nos Boorbaa.l Jacob Ranson,
04.0040 ♦ 5.1/1 , ' E Babbitt, WM B. Ha"
Alined King
OFFICCR 4
JAM:I ..11LaINIALL, rivet. Joni CA - numl, Sec
DEE
MIME
aAittis Trots
o' J ° Sterrrtt's. CLOD?
Jr..rut, J,,se 16:4,
E. r.-: P,
INSURANCE COMPANY,
of I".ll4ladeipA46l,)
Rl' n dolnousinevson the Nutual plan,Aiving the to
fl. rev .1 paruetpatwutotan prolitsoftheCuinpastyovithou
.1) be)uud the premium paid
isk• anonthe Lalt e•andeanai lowered on the aitastla vocal.
ter I.nsees wolinetitieraliy sad prompUy adjusted.
re r on mere handier, Muld,s. end ether proptiVe
r .Ra a harmed term eermaneaLy
DiRIXTO2.4
Joseph H gent, James C Hand, Helmond A Quo,-
nosaitalasa Paste ag,. JOAeig V. Duval. 11. Rases tiroolte.
It 0'0,11311M-4i Juhn Garrett. John E reterckeir .
Hurt. Craig laskawsel Edwards, Georg* Slierral I,
lie nary Los. rauc I balrad ki *Away Edward 13arliagssi
`.site. Kelley. Isaac R Usvis. 3 G Johnson,
Willtawi loiwall. lA' Melon Hay, John J. Natalie.
it :•• T'..romi.-..5, Dr. a M./humor. John Teller,Jr
Spencer'
hicilvtne.
ehard S. Newton,ld. Seet.y . Win . Mar Pr in
- %iplicatros csu be medete
K EL 1.,0ct3, Brie Agent
eakr, rah. 1i414:44
Fire, Marine. and Life Laurance Oonipan9
curer, 1 ?NNW' W Orr net. sreusii ex.l
Strew. Philo& lpion.
CAPITAL 330,000.
t.,,inpany effect. Fire Insurance ou Bus/dings. G...otb.
Dann,. We., Martoe 11114111111 Ce Oil V. 11.01., Carle •13 d
to an porta 111 the world. In and Insurances oa
Goods by It t•era, Lakes, Canal'. Railroad, and Land carria4
to alaperts of the Cain.. "Also, Insurance uperali Lairs laws
the wobt favorable lama,
DI llerolli
Boa. T. a F 'Assam. Cass. DI/10111
G 11 Alt le•Tatl.r True MASSAII/I•LS
It Pain Alisdearto•. Itameo. 11. ilsaatiot.a
tie.. llu a C.areast.llaswirral
Ja• t NIA LI ISAAC ULM, Ja.
Tisosams P. Piwitaddea, Pres' t.
Lt..tt Aar. H. 11AL%W. tr. Secretary
ALLAN A. CRAIG. Apes.
.t 2 N.,. I. Wididde Bireci
Fannaking and Hanging Bella.
rip aut.scribes woukl adopt ibis uteLbud of taiortutoi tht
Citizens of Erie and Erie county tbat be rives .pedal at
tea t" i a purl, wet • Masai gic SOW far print. Wawa—
W i lb all tee aemaaary rum Ay. 44.. si • •
In a mar lafactory manner, 'nil home that be will be favored wt
• Ispaual sitaisof tee public plumage. Ha may at all Wars be
fcji.iid at bis Bran Foundry, on dtate smear. lugweea Eltbtb tad
MI ellh, west old*.
Ertis,June 3, ILIAC toaECKI.
_
T. It. BLABS',
WHOLESA 7 E S. RETAIL MILLINER,
NO 6 n n e 111.001„ AT•TII arzsr , Ill; M.
MEIN fAlbt.Allibt , A. just retuned from Boston sad Nsw-York
witli the Lars a l boat stock of lisiliargy goods that be has
br,iiiitit to this cit.,
,NA
consisti al ng in part follows
. 11110LICTes
..• , Vrencli, English, Coburg, Neapolitan, Chip, Lice,
lick American Straw
CHILDILENS' kiaTti LSD JOCASYS.
OM=
i ..t. t., Pedal, Rutland, Lace, Pearl, and Eancy Bloomers—
aver elapse.
A fair Preach Pattern Bonnets
ust se may were Imported.
1.1 etc Crave, Mew!, Timm aad Lore Illoaneta V ir meat variety
Lawry Prow, Lebo' Dram fr v /14.
taw adDrums, Anal. Lica, Lunbreitlenes,
sear Ma" RetJus, aktisalo Bret" &low Mika, Mailks,
Piss sad gamy kffatiff_Seada,4. 4 inatereso fo iatiodisa.
T( Bit SOLD Wrt.ESA Git ASTAIL ?Ott CASE ONLY.
Eavtaa bean thirty -ear atm is the torten eiU and at the W
oos zuataaelenee.receaving the ant oelistiona of that: goocht, and
fu L eteg ',eared the lierrispo of some of the lama Bates fin,
LS_ wolf that
ISEIN3II
Every rffort made to please my aumermee Patrons
well be crowned with the 11 lame Inearein
Theproprietor, thankful for yait farms, hopes that with the ma
ny greet inediUts he ham, and by Mitt attention to bastion% to
mutt a continued abhnr of patrokar
T. IL IlL•12, hopriater.
IL.:Lners from all quarter will he sundial .krith every kind of
Millinery Goods, Patterns, and Patters Hata, at wholesale prima.
The Bliaahtaly and Proems doparteoest rill be leadoff the sow-
In tendon re of Yr Albert A Rake, beak one of the Urgent inikaulke
turMat booms ta kthussolartanta. Ms wort surds but a trial to ta-
•ur , clb;te patroa&ge.
Prices .r BlumeAlm. Prentag,
.itorra: duwount to Wittier,
Pt*, March 16. lddS.
litiggS— Erie & Meadville 111ffigg
EXPRESS 4 TRANSPORTATION CO
(Under tie management of flat flank Road Co.)
Daily Liao fromMe to rise" litiaboro,
Kleeknerrille, Saegerstown & Yewtilla
rIONNECTIFIG at Erie with the Aineriewa Bastiwn,
Western and Southern Express, will attend to do 001-
leetlon of Drafts, notes and accounts. Each Wagon ha/ a
Safe and is accompanied bj a Messenger.-
, I.
0. D. SP&FPORD. Sept
it. D. LarLAXIN Agt., Iris, A. M. Dzaami,lissilvile
art.. January, 26, 13.56
SOUTHERN LINE OF STAGE&
For illbtos, Vireessaitrille, West Onrumilk, Shansi ..d
Nets Cootie.
ADiIOC Use of rplosdid Soar-torso Casaba hos taos=n
tom °tram! to Ur above sad tollarsootalsso plasm
gen, Qua the most Street routs lot neat of the tows. to
r.softril, Wren., Huth? sod LoorrraioessatiosOtor ta ll hope
11. right's Hotel tat.assed dotb , sweepilas sloe" it X.=
orn,sl of the CI press Trus frogs tao seat Ton to Now only
ots,,t• Wait Gresselliii2.
S. $.--Paeosogore neat be two to *alto at Girard Depot Ibt
Cookies to irPita's Hbtet
WRIGHT, SOWN
Gio6 P t roprietors Giranl=*o.
toast sploadiKl mad wpm* acourtaiast at Goode
1 War orrollit to thht any, at
.1 aim Geitliftex t Noh aillrewliole PM**
la the store lately occupied by .0 . Y. loath% subractog
t LOTII9, CA SSE .111111111 K 1 1 1111111188. to.,
et the mat faaduarito Slew cad Pcdadatip.ohilgishcsolo
Iteody Made ser emery dearripttoa to oat the taste at the
meat huddles, sad the at the ant siloasaidcat,lf
y ft *obi tt, call. see to Ighopeci ot Go 441111111111 at
the Goods, and Low Mew Tbo Mane lOU
to i a l l o w l 1 1 :1
Ittna nod woody VOW sotmm
oillsio oosti am fit kis
!tstu ock to A who elna him& coll. DWI/ow% No. 11.11wown's
"melt
q.•v !,••
Clews Wed qu e g ht =iii 4.42. 1 112220.2211482212 p.
pr, - ,Yed lois} Let 22 peAl eterah tboir sea lair
rest by an asswisse2, 101 Oben
XII a. 112 011.2 =MX
og qpiup
Ogel. 44asies &ma
lt.. 011101101111111.1..
oleo
TRCSTEES
=l3
[ti!
•T R. 8., Proprieto_ ,r
• X.. 41 bra', Mock NW, dare'
&treks! What Uwe you 7 mad !
SPEECH OF HON. Wit. ALLEN
before die Dimessrati iot rillai Mkt. VP AMOS.
My fellow citizens of Pennsylvania, I have no
anecdotes to tell yrie—nn wit to display—nothing
to excite your merriment or elicit anything else
than your serious sod solemn attention The
matter involved in the pending contest is of a
value too great, and the aspect which that contest
lass already pot on is too serious and solemn for
us to spend an occasion like this, in any other
manner than in a pledge of our mutual aid to
each other, in a great effort to save the Constitu
tion of our Country. , Applause.)
For the first time in the history of the Re
public, an organised effort has been made to em
bitter the feelings, esinte the jealousy, and array
the passions of one half the Republic against
the other For the first time an organized effort
is made to make use of the power of the Free
States to drive cut of the Union the whole body
of the Southern States; to drive them out by
compelling them to retire in order to enjoy that
right of domestic and local legislation for which
our fathers wrenched these thirteen old colonies
from the crown of Great Britain (Applause )
In this very city, almost within the sound of my
voice, was put forward the Declaration of Lode
pendenee, to justify the insurgent spirit of the
people in the eyes awl in the reason of mankind,
for what they were about; and the great reason
given was that a foreign power made laws for us
contrary to our interests—contrary to our will
(Applause.) Before one century has expired, we
find a party rising in the United States, at the
very first Presidential election after the Free
States have a majority in the confederacy, and
calling upon sixteen to band themselves against
fifteen, because sixteen are more than fifteen, for
the purpose of depriving those fifteen of all the
benefits of the American Revolution—local legis.
lation That is the character of this contest
Now I know very well that these men say " We
only pr pose to limit the rights of the people on
the subject of slavery, and within the Territories "
Is that all you propose ? Is that the cud of all
this clamor by which you disturb the harmony
and affrignt the sections of this Union ? is it
to limit the area of slavery in the Territories
Is it to prevent a new State from coming into the
Union, when you yourself know that if she is
rejected toolay because she has slavery in her
Constitution, she may take slaves out ttemorrow,
come in the third day, and put slaves back the
fourth ( .Ipplatiee.)
=I
-Are :hey serious then, wbeu tbty tell us that
this is all they mean by abolition, that this is all
they mean when they undertake to array one
half of this people against the other, and to
precipitate them together in fierce quarrel first,
and afterwards in bloody struggle—all In order
to keep one State out of the i forty eight
hours, and then let her come in with negroes
Is that what they mean? Suppu. Kansas come ,
with a slave Constitution to the door of Congress
toinutrow? Congress says, you have g negroes
there—take them out Kansas steps behind the
door, takes out the utgroes, offers her Constitu
tion, and she is admitted The next day a Cot
vention is called in Kansas, the Constitution 1 ,
altered, and the negrd stuck hack. (Laughter
These tneu preteud that all they arc contending
for, is ju't the privilege of wak;ng this new
Stet.. :let the hypocrite for about six montL,
(Applause , But they cry out to the old farms rs
o f th. country whose sous arc going northwest
and South west, that we , t 1 te part,
by our pulley, are limiting tb,
qualitit) I iau 1 wi.1:14 ,) 1,,
cupied h, tu , t.tig Prow rii. I e Stab
and who do not wish to settle in . 1 .1,•• States --
They ea) we have pui,• d down tu , t.irricr by U.
repeal of iti.• auprum.•,. 411 I lett :It
whole N rtt, op, n nu hi 1.11 : Pi
Afri:an chJIL. , up •ti t,...1 0,- N ,s,
it Em hapi eo• th. moure tli
to tbimao.ert.on
I kit. of to red y u iti !(.1,11. I. iu 1.11 , • 1.0
this 1 brie d licitfl lig, of
50 without concealment of pilitical opiu
and I will gi to my grave •peiking the trutil ou
all then questions. If 1 had been a Senator
from South Carolina, bitlisiaua, or any Southern
State of the Union, wheu the proposittou to re
peal the Aissuuri Compromise was preseuted,
and I had been luilueuctd b, pro-slavery con
siderations aluue, I should have said "nu, let it
, itand " My logic leads we to quite an opposite
conclusiou trom that of many gentlemen on this
point; and I will tell you my reason. Every
human instals/awl, to endure, must have this
basis:—utility In the common phraseology of
the day, it must pay The institution of slavery
stands like every other human institution, upon
the sole principle of its utility, ur in other words,
its profit The question of _profit is determined
not as the wise creatures who call themselves
legislators, suppose, by acts of legi,lation, but by
climate nod soil
When the wise meu who inserted the Missouri
Compromise in the statute book found that the
public mind was then, very much like it is uow,
exasperated to a tury upon the slavery question,
they quietly got together lo the night, entered
skin a et ipulat ion as politiciaus, not as legislators,
but as men who meant to quiet the country, and
they put the political arrangement of a few
politicians in the ,shape of a law, and called it
lii Missouri Compromise. They knew when
thiy put it there that, it had nu obligation of law,
They stamped upon Its brow the death warrant
of the very article they were incorporating into
a law, for it purported to be eternal, whereas,
every law in the statute book can be repealed the
next diy after its tuactuieni, if the people's re
presentatives choose to repeal it They knew
they were legislating outside of the Constitution,
but they thought they were dung a thing that
would be harmless in its character, and they aid
it for the purpose of quieting the public agitation
of the moment. What did they mean by it'—
Just about this was their conversation in the clo
set at night, when the great and wise men of that
period debated the matter:—Mr Clay would say
to N• , ri heron gentlemen, "you know all experience
shows that slavery on this continent, on account
of the fierce climate that atteude the N ,rthweatern
coast, c.tooot be profiusuie oeyond 36 deg 40
w i n worth latitude, and because it catmint he
pru6table, it will never go there, weltier there be
a law to aid or to retard its march " As the
declaration of this fact, they proposed to limit
slater) where the climate limited it, and they
barely, - 4 mbodieci in the form of a legislative
protisi ,o, a recognition of a law of nature.—
Whetto.r that enactment stand or fall, m a k es no t
th e lest odds from the beginning to the end,
with regard to the extension or 000 traction of
slavery If slavery were found profitable up to
that it was known it would go there. If it
were nut found profitable nearer than five degrees
below that line, it would stop there. I come
now to the point which I particularly urge in
this c..nvention, and to whieh I especially call
the attention of my fellow-citisetui of the free
States. 1 nave already sail that slavery is kept
or rejected as an institution, according to its
p r ofi ta bl e ness or unprofitableuess; and the ques
tion of profit ie determ►ued by soil mid climate
There is a natural barrier beyond which it cannot
so, whether there be soy law on the ,abject or
Doc Not so with the spread of free population.
The Missouri Compromise line operated as a
tsciate-crow to keep North of the line the whole
tide of popoistion from the free States who
wanted to mule within the joriedietiot of tree
3 153.1Dass.
ERIE, SATURDAY MORNING, OCTOBER 11,1866.
07 OHIO
I. !lit i,,,sti 4.
$1 50 A YEAR, IN ADVANCE.
States, and not to go Within data Statejatiedior
Lion. Every Ysaka Ash hie tie oaf, tense did
not want to Settle is • Ante Sous ~ gem North
of that litre. He took It for greased that ail
Territory South of Ike line was to be ;dine terri
tory, and as he did not neat to live swam three
be kept North. This, the limitation mallow the
white population, not the Week The law was
no limitation 'against the ape, breanme hr tumid
not go'North of' the line,
the
or no lay; 'the
blimate topped % him; but law did hero a
limitation on the -white settlers, beanies they
could go South of that if the law wise sat there.
Henoe by the retioval of the Mieneari Compro
mine line, a larger space of country hes been
opened to the settlement of peoela this free
States than there was before. Now this; osa go
around the upper end of Texas, occupy ths whole
broadside and eentre stiles. of the Terr Mary of
New Mezioo They have actually gone 250
mile. , south of the line in the lower end of Cali
fornia. There is melting to prmrent, the whole
population of the North from sweeping the whale
region from the nortbsaittern end of sho.Free
State to the Gulf of Mexico, and hereby out
flanking the Slave States You hate this increase
of area over which the free pOpilatiall can spread
without the interposition of the black ulna. By
taking away the line, you remove what was ea
obstruction to the white man, and not to the
negro, because the climtte, in the absence of this
law, amounted to a stalcient obstruction as to
him
So much for that past of the argument, I have,
I think, demonstrated bat the Free States were
gainers, if the question be viewed between two
rival sections, one pitbd against the other in
a contest for power. Nat, however, is cot ex
actly the way in which I view the matter. I
am not habituated to look on the North and
South as rival sections. -Let, toe inform you of
another thing which perhaps it will be thought a
little bold to lay down. Let me, belonging to the
stronger side, tell you I who live in the Free
itates,—in a powerful free State,—l who belong
to one of the States which forms the 18 of the
31, that Autwithetanting our superiority of
power, the free Suiteeof they had ten of the lar
gest elaveholding State to help them, can never
keep the Union together by force. (Applause.)
The Union was not formed by foroe, and cannot
be kept together by fusee.. (Renew ed applause.)
It 1C.3 a marriage contract of great and indepen
dent sovereignties, and like all marriages founded
upon affection, can only be kept strong, pure,
6„lv. mad Ji.p.e.tug aaptenee. d a I.‘„. and
action (Great oheeritg.) A sense of right and
a mutuality of intern* from the great powers
tout bold this Union together—that sense of
right which, whatever may be said about the
frailties of our nature, is at laest a powerful ele
ment iu the American mind A sense of right
for the love of right, slid profound conviction
if there being, between !the different parts of
this confederacy, a mstuality of interest coast/-
Lute s the bond, the ligament, which holds the
Union together, and iy holding it together to
exhibit to the world the most powerful, as well
as the most splendid tution on its surface. How
w ,uld you hull it towsler by tome ?
Suppose half a doses States, or three or four,
o r iveu one, chose to go out of the Union, how
will you get them knelt ? Imagine that the
State of Peausylvauin, the gotystone in the arch
of the Uniou, should,,Jur any cause known to
hersett, nowev.r iueanr, withdraw from the Re.
Public , envtruued as Noe would be on all kande,
r I maamers of the ootifederatiou,
get tat back' You soy
rhe o:d Eur•ipenn stile of the dragoon and the
I I 1111/n111.7411 a war tlhould be got
lit t.g,lu-r Penolvaula—thirty against one
'tat, —aid they ,'ll'l roiled her frontier with can.
~ 0 , •, v r, I h.•l nouutains with riflemen, and
r p!ain, with cavalry, and slaughtered tine
‘:i -r r 1.0 hrf, h.r s..na, her mothers, her
heel rely little children. What
th all hit had been done in order to
t r back into the Union, would the object
have 0 , eu a.:couiplihed ? Suppose elle were an
.tble t ratsc au art, and was obliged to submit
the exteustuu ul the federal power around her
where woull she be ? Woltd she be in
tl,e ['won as an evil and an independent State? j
No, but she would lie in it as a conquered prov
tuee I gay, thiu, that this is a government in
which a civil war loweeer it may end, whether
the party representug the Federal Government
or the opposite part; prove victorious, dissolves
the eoufederation qually whether the vietory
f4ll on the one aide .tr the other. If lb the com
bat the seceding Skint, be viewing/I, they re
main out as a mailer ti ealtrita. If they be sub.
dued, they ere brought bask, nut as free and In
dependent States, wiling tu he where they are,
but as conquered proinees, 'stilled to be where
they du u want to te All attempts to induce
the people of the Nwth to believe they have
nothing to do but to bully the South, are, I
trust, doomed to diagneeful failure. It is not a
good business for anybody to undertake to buUy
Americans, either Nnth or South. No potion
will God it a very Trofitable inveetinent of its
courage to bully the molds of the United States
North or South; butof all the bullying in the
world, the bullying done half this nation by the '
other ha:f, is the mot to be deplored, because it
is the most ridiculots.
I declare t.. you, fellow citizens, u I amsome
what conversant wtu the active affairs of life,
that when at home sod daily employed in agri
cultural pursuits witi my friends and neighbor a,
I look at the situatim of the United States, as
it now is upon the tuck's sarfacie, and contrast
it with the:sittrition if all preceding nations, and
”f all Dation' that new exist upon our globe, and
when I remember, '.Oat through 6,000 years of
traditionary struggle, out of the entire Unman
race in the 'nubile of :he nineteenth eutary i , al
ter Lucke wrote and Newton thought, than are
about twenty-five mamas of freemen oat of tlho
thousand millions who inhabit our globe, when
1 behold these men, the demandable of the recs.
lutiooary sires, aeung as some of them set sow,
lam annoyed. Oar fathers, prompted by a de
sire to make their own laws in their own loath
ties, united to cut loose their former sanneetion
with the British Clown. When they sumeeded
to that great effort and formed our Constitutiou,
they preserved in it the organization of the Stave
Governments for. the express purpose of making
it unnecessary fur the Federal Government
to interfere in the domestic relations between
parent and child, husband and wife, muter and
servant, to regulate the manner in which real
estate should p4as, the manner in which, the es
tate of a dcceask•ii man should go down to hie
poatenty. When they preserved the State or_
ganizatioas for these views, they reserved to the
States the right to regulate the teal labor in
whatever form it might be, whether performed
by a black man or a white mea t or no mu at
all. (Laughter.) At least, say what yon wil lie
regard to 'slavery, it w oily one of the relations
between man mid OAS —as aniarcpy one, as aa
fortunate one. It is, however, nothing bat.a
iou: so there is a relation between master end
apprentice, contractor and contractee, husband
and wile, parent and child. All these mesquilly
personal relations, the sobjeaseer of the ms•
alai organization, and coming, therefore, prop•riy
within the cognizance of the load legisistare..
It was in order to give each State, by its Moral
legislature, entire jurisdiction of all these Ma
jects, that the Constitution of the Milted Stale
preserved the Suite governments. The gram
object of our Revolutima was sot to work a social
change. There wow inqub7 *ma as to whelks
or our emetry Mond be ant up into republic's
or amenisiliss. When we eat Mess from she
Ilittiah, maws we did sot ask Slag George and
UM &Wei Parliament whether we should have
a nobility or ore menareby, or not. That was lot
thisspiewiliss. Our fathers serer debated that
qnselioa among themselves, bees,es there wu
prelimieary point to be seeded, which was that
of independence, b which they would have this
that, or the other, form of local goverainent.—
The first object was to get loose from England.
Why? Bemuse whilst that oonnactiois hated a
foreign power legislated for us. When therefore
the Constitution wan shoat to be formed, the
fathers of the Republic saw the nemesis, of
guarding this great principle of local legislation
opium the absorbing Maumee of centralisation,
by keeping up broadly and distinctly the bound
aries of State jurisdiction; and hence they would
mot allow the Federal governmeet to put its tin
ger upon any one of that large class of doinesue
qesettoes which mission of and peculiary belong
to the local social organisation. If they had at
lowed it, what sheeld we Imes gained by the
rawhide*? If our eras; friends who are talking
about one Mr. Fremont (laughter) should, by
possibility reused, what will our Southern friends
have gained by the Ameriem revolution?' They
will have gained just this—before the revolution
Old England made laws for Virginia; now, New
Vuglond is to make laws for Virginia (Great
epptause.) But, gentlemen, let old Pennsylva
nia raise her mighty arm, and in -this c, ntest
bear in the palm of her hand her own illustrious
and worthy son, James Buchanan, (enthusiastic
aware for "Old Buck") and the success of the
LftleriOLO people in this great effort to perpetu
ate their government will be complete. Let me
dwell on this idea for a moment.
Our Abolition friends pretend that they are
very moral; they love God and justice so much
better than the people of the South; that, ►l.
though negroes do not interfere with them, they
cannot rest in their beds at night while there is
a slave. (Laughter) They become fretful and
feverish; their hearts reproach them with the sin
of remaining in connection with the Southern
States, so long as they have soy negroes. I beg
you to bear in mind how easy it is for you to
stand on one side of a river and make a system
of morals for the people on the other side, pro.
vided it does not apply to you. But when a man
is called upon to make a system of morals under
which he himself is to live, he will be a
particular about it. If he is to bear the burden
as well as the blessing, he will very quickly com
teepee to balance .the burden A gentleman's
logic is a very hasty aid to his morals in all his
reasonings, when be is laying down systems of
logic for the bedefit of his neighbors and tiGt of
himself. Let me put the case as truth requires
It, and then let .tne get up a system of morale,
and see who will be the first to flinch from it,
throwing out, for the sake of the argument, the
idea of local legislation as having nothing to do
with it.
[low came the Degrees in the South? The
present inhabitants of the South, against whew
the wild fanatics are trying to inflame the feel.
Inge of the Northern people. are no more response.
ble for the existence of slavery there than we
are. They were born long - after slavery had
been introduced. If you ask toe whether they
may not abolish slavery, I say it Is impossible
until; that state of things shall have arriv
ed there which has already arrived in the
East Wherever the advance of fla i ls white pop
alation,in density and in•space, shall have gone
VI .11111411 •114. • e.enusa iii ii tn the. siss,
ceases, to be profitable, the slaves will begin to
be removed from the South, as they were from
the Eget. Then, in all probability, they will be
removed by a gradual process, requiring them to
pats around the Gulf of Mexico, through Texas
LB a gate, landing finally in Central America as
their uluirtate home, separated forever from the
white race That will, I think, probably be the
course of events, the final destiny of the African
race upon this continent; and that process will
begin and end so gradually as to be imperoepti.
ble until it is far on towards its final accomplish•
intent.
The slaves will recede from the South in the
same manner as they receded from the North,
when they cease to be profitable, with this dif
ferenee : I do not think our Southern friends
will be quite so ready to get rid of them by bar
gais and sale, as our Yankee friends werd
(Laughter and cheering.) New England got rid
of her negroes, not by gradual emancipation,
forded on her by an imperative necessity„as will
be the ease in the South when emancipation shall
take place will h. ao rosirtetilm
Southern man to sell his negroes; but they will
pass in the manner I have described, performing
one of those great phases in the march of the lin:
man race aropnd the surface of the globe, which
we can trace as having an organic beginning, au
organic middle, and an organic end. Our Sew
England brethren, however, as long as they
could make anything out of slave labor, kept it.
When it ceased to be profitable, what did they
do ? As they amid no longer make any money
out of the labor of the negro, they made it out of
his blood and bones, by taking him South and
selling him. If that is not true, where are the
desesadanta of their freed negroes ? If they
emancipated all the slaves they bad and did not
sell them, what has become of their posterity ?
Freedom dose not unusually emasculate men.—
Where are the free descendants of the freed ne
groes that our Yankee friends set free ? They
did sot est them free, but sent them South, end
eontinued to import them. They insisted onrthe
Federal Convention which framed the Constitu
tion, that they should have until 1800 to import
them. They had Dome old vessels, not worn out
in the African slave trade, which would not be
used up before 1800, and they caused a clause
to be inserted in the Constitution covering the
entire profits that could be made out of the un-
Crion of the Afrioaa nos. Now, when they
et rid of their negroes by increasing the
solemnise of the South—for slavery is toques.
tionably a calamity wherever it eziate—and ren
dering it more impossible for the South to get
rid of this evil, they seem to have laid in wait
mail they got a majority of one State in the
Coofederaey, and then whispered among them.
selves "sow we have them ; let us elect a Prea
dult of the free States." The very idea is the
entering wedge, to a dissolution of the Ucion.—
The very fait that a man is running for the
Presidency in the free States alone ,, who has no
ticket in the Southern States, is an initiation in
the work of dissolution. Why does he run in
that way 1 He undertakes to ask the American
people to make him President. Under the Con
stitution the people of the Swirl have a right to
Toole for President; but they an called upon to
stand by quietly and see a Man put in possession
of their power, who claims that possession with
so avowed intention d sing that power to their
prejudice. Yet persons Wife the madness to is;
that 411.14110611111111 will stand all this ? Will they?
Renews the sps ; suppose the Sines States
should say--nod they could say ii with more
propriety, logic, and truth—"gentlemen of the
ores States, nothing but an air line divides us in
many plume; rivers short and fordable in others;
the proximity of this line of free States is preju
disial to us, bemire they Mimi an inducement
to ear slime to escape." The argument is true.
Suppose dm slave &saes should band together
•argsg thiswonseet, and should insist on the
bus adopting slavery, sad they should
run a meadow phofted to nee the federal power
wish winner is to nurse the free %ties to
become slave, would you sot consider it the ex
tremity of human wrogg and ittunno Orroigtar
And yet it would be but menial' an casa b as
coodition of things.
4- s have said that the present population of the
South are not responsible for the existence of
slavery. The immediate ancestors of the present
race of Southern people are not responsible .for
it, far they found it there under the old colonial
system ; bat the ancestors, and seen some of the
living men at the North, at the present day, are
responsible, because they brought the negroes
from Atm*, and sold them Now, let us equal=
tie the matter At the adoption of the Consti
tution, twelve of the thirteen States were slave:
holding. All of them except those on the South
ern reaboard emancipated their slaves, or rather
sold them, and said that no more slaves should
exist there As they now insist that the ne
groes' descendants shall be free, let the South
agree to it, and square the account between them
according' to justice and humanity. Let the
South say they will set thp negroes free at half
price ; suppose they are to be worth $5OO apieoe,
let them be willing to take $250 Then let the
son of the man who received $l,OOO for them,
pay the purchase money, up to this day, into a
common fund to buy out the negroes, and make
a joint.operation of sending them to Ifiberia.—
If our northern friends would only oome up with
their bags of dollars, which they received by the
original sale of the negroes, with the interest to
this day, and plank them down in behalf of hu
man rights, and then say to the South, "Now,
plank up your'negroes ; ' then we'd see some
thing like equality and morality in the proposi
tion • ( A pplause. )
I oboe knew an old gambler, who quit the
trade after having made money out of it. He
then went about lecturing against gambling, and
every body, said he was right. Finally, be got
to lecturing about religion. This touched a min
ister in the neighborhood who did not like to
hear a gambler talk about religion until he had
given some evidence or pledge of reformation.—
fie said to him, "My fried, I agree to all that
you have said about the gamblers • they are an
awful set, and ought to be punish ed : but have
you paid back all the money you won?" (Laugh
ter and applause.) "Oh, no :" Was the response.
On-this matter I hire no prejudice. lam a
native of a slaveholding State. I live in a free
State. My children are in the free States, to
partake of their fate; but I am an American.—
From my infancy, when I have glanced my eye
over the ample map of my country, and sur:
veyed its wide extended plains, reaching as they
now do from ocean to ocean, and from the Lake
of the Woods to the Gulf of Mexico, I have felt
proud that I was something more than a citizen
of the single State of Ohio, (applause.) I have
felt proud that I could travel a thousand miles
from my home at any point of the compass, and
still stand on land, where I could fold my arms,
and say—here I sin a citizen: I rejoice in the
splendor and prosperity of Philadelphia, my
heart is glsdened at the exhibition of her wealth,
her intelligence,, her power, the comfort of her
people, and the general happiness of the great'
community, as much as if I wore member of it.
(Applause )
When traversing the mountains of Penallylva,
nia, I saw that your penetrating intellect and
tremendous energy had brought down the Alle
ghenies to your feet; and where the rock was
too stubborn you have penetrated it, and passed
steam through the bowels of the earth. When
I see all this, L feel as proud of it as though it
were a scene spread out in my own native State
(Applause.) I feel proud of it, because I can
say to myself—this is one of the parts of the
great Republic of which I sin a citizen.
My friends, even the oldest of you, will hive
mournful days to pass through, if this Union be
dissolved I have told you that like the marriage
contract, it cannot be kept together by fome.—
It can be maintained only by a sense of justice
and right, and a mutuality of interest. The
sense of right is stronger in the human mind ;
but here we have a mutuality of interest which
is even stronger than the sense of right, and it
binds North and South together as one undivided
whole.
Look at the railroads which are hourly oon:
fleeting you with the Southern borders. 'lf the
Union should be dissolved, what will become of
the immense mass of property in railroads
'
what will become of the ten thousand mechanic
shops where now so many million dollars worth
of goods are annually manufactured for sale to
the people of the South? What will become of
the large amount of money that is earned by the
North lu th« ;mule rineratious
from the Southern seaports to En; f an t r a sit back
the products of the South ? What will become
of the or-yoke makers Of Boston : Nearly all
the agricultaaal implements of my States are
made in Boston, and so it is in the State south
and south-west of me. In the streets of Chilli.
cotbe, you will see the Boston stamp on the
rough common articles made of wood; because
in Boston, they have the machinery sod instru
mentalities for making them cheaper than we
can. But in the event of a diesels / don, where
would all this pro6t be?
I desire to call attention to a few other points
of the question. Get the map and put your fin
ger on the great navigable rivers that run from
the vast interior, rise in the Lake of the Woods
and stretch between the Allegheny and the
Rocky Mountains, look at the point at which
they enter the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic
Ocean. Every one of them, without exception,
is within the jurisdiction of slaveholding States.
Pittsburg herself, with all her Aboli tionists,
would find her navigation stopped at the month
of the Ohio, by a large barrier of intervening
slave States. The Ohio, the Mississippi, the
Missouri, wito their vast tributaries, 40,000
miles of navigable water, traversing the richest
plain on earth, populated by the mast energetic
and enlightened portion of the human race, en.
ter the Atlantic and the Gulf within thelurie.
diction of the slave States. Both the great rir
era of Pennsylvania, the Deleware and Basque-
harms, find their outlets to the ocean through
slaveholding States. In what a condition should '
we be in ease of a dissolution, with the slave
States in possession of the mouths of our rivers
from the Potomac down to the Rio Grande.— '
This is no small item. These rivers drain the
vast Northwest—the greatest grain growing and
meat growing region in the world. They bear
upon their ample bosom the iron wrought into
shape iu the furnaces of Pennsylvania. We
have, therefore, quite an interest in this matter
I have already spoken of tee repeal of the Mis
souri Compromise, as enlarging the area for free
emigration. Climate, as I have said, interposes
in some cases an impassable barrier to slavery.—
Let me explain to you, as I am a farmer, some
thing in regard to the value of slave lobor. I am
farmer, though known to you only as a politi
cian. I will explain to you why slave labor is
not so profitable as free labor, except under pe
, culler circumstances. Suppose a Kentuckian on
his aide of the Ohio river has 100 acres of lead,
j and I have 100 sores on my side. We each
propose to put 100 acres io eon next spring; we
know that it will take four field hands to do the
work in four menthe. I can hire the hands for
'that time, bat he mast keep a large family of
blacks—old men, aid women, and pug ism,
and eisildren—sad feed them all the year. Oa
this eeeenat, it is only in the extreme Ileatiers
latitudes where, owing to the atones of winter
they eau earry on out door work all the year,
sad Morons can be paying !be their bread and
B. F. SLOAN, EDITOR.
NUMBER 22.
meat, that slavery is profitable. The peculiar
culture et the soil there is also favorable. The
sugar eau requires eleven months labor oat of
twelve. This is in a humid climate, ander a
hot sun—deleterious to the existence of the white
man, but dot prejudicial to the bleak. Ulu
such circumstances, slave labor is profitable
but it is not so in the N,rth, where we have
snow cm the earth, sad the earth frown to grog.
ire, for five or six months in the year In sash
a country, with a miscellaneous crop, slavery
would sot only be a curse morally, but it ,wquld
be destructive of the interests of the people.—
Why is not Ohio a slave State Why is sot
Illinois ? Why is not all the North Western
Territory Because they are too far North for
Slavery to be profitable there On the coast of
the Pacific, you find that the same reason ope.
rates to• carry the white population 250 Miles
South of the Missouri line, in the new State of
California; of which my friend Bigler has bees
Governor. [Three cheers for Governor John
Bigler were here gives.] In the Caldontia Con
stitutional Convention, tot one man voted to
make it a sieve State. Why ? Because the peo
ple saw, from the character of the country and
the nature of the employment :n which men most
engage, that olive labor would not be profitable.
I can inform you that all the law* Texas cast
make, all the laws Coogress can make, all the
laws the human mind can devise, cannot make a
slave State out of Western Texas It is a gra
zing country It cannot be rendered profitable
for slave labor ; and slavery will never go is say
place where it is not profitable
I may mention a fact which is a powerful ii
lastration in this discussion. In the Stater of
Kentucky, a great part of which lies north of the
line of 36 deg 30 min , and in Western Virgin
ia, as the late Governor of the Old Dominion ,
Hon. Wm Smith,) and the gentleman from
Richmond, (Mr Robert G. Scott,) can testify,
15 or 20 years ago, there was a great slavertkag
itation. lii Maryland, it was common for dffng
men to bequeath freedom to their slaves. A
most eminent citizen of that State told me that
the example was becomiug so c .raagious that in
a few years Maryland would be a free State, but
it was delayed because the people did not want to
leave the negrues helpless, and unable to bear the
expense of finding a home Now, all this is
clanged. Instead of emancipation eing spokes
of in the Southern States, it is the reverse.—
WL) ? Because you would uut let the natural
feelings of men take their course ; because a por.
tion of the people of the North commenced inter
meddling in a matter foreign to their jurisdiction,
and beyond the orbit of their righttul powers.—
As soon as this was commenced, an unfortunate
tarn was taken in the public mind at the South.
They would not permit other people to control
them, to do that which they were willing to do
if let alone The effectof this principle of 000r
eionton the American mind may be illustrated by
a striking exhibition which every neighborhood
in this country will appreciate. You have Isere
no national religion In Europe, the Church in
some form or shape, is in partnership with the
government, sustains its authority, and gets the
benefit of its support. Large taxes are there lev
ied on the people to keep up the churches; and
priests and preachers of all descriptions are
paid out of the public funds Aocording to
j wronrreasonini, founded upon no knowledge of
'human nature, a man would say that in the Ifni.
tei States, where the law compelled no man to
pays cent to any church or preacher, there would
be none; but instead of that being the state of
things, we have in the 'United States mot*
churches, more ministers, and a better paid cler
gy than any people on thi. earth Every dollar
out of the immense CI (1111 tirr of millions annually
expended to sustaiu this great system is contribu.
red freely, without the compulsion of law, from
the good will, the religious feeling, and sense of
right found in the American character So in
regard to the uegr es, if the S ,uttrern people had
been let alone they would have aided time and
circumstances in facilitating emancipation, and
putting the emancipated negroes in a condition of
ease and oomfort. Ad this would have been die
toted by the kind fedings which rise up between
the master and slave, and especially between the
master and the slaves of a domestu household.—
I have been in Slave States ; I bate been a long
time in the District of Columbia, and I. know
there is something more than law which binds
the negro to his waster in the South The negro
recognises his master or his protector against all
trouble and all danger He recognizes his taas•
ter as the fit, permanent and sure source of live
lihood throughout the entire year No solicitude
misfortune to work without having the price of
his labor counted out in coin, he has the gratifi
cation of knowing that he is never in danger of
wanting bread and meat (Applause.) Strong
and powerful attachments spring up in this way;
and those are greatly mistaken who suppose that
if there were a dissolution of the Union the
North would have nothing to do but call on the
negroes to rise and put down their muters.—
Not one in 500 would rise against the masters
Some of the strongest defenders of the domestic
households of the South would be their domestic
servants. There is a feeling of attachment be
tween master and stove little dreamt of in the
Free States, because the Abolitionists have con
tinually represented this relation as that of tyrant
and oppressed.
I told you this much in regard to the institu
tion of slavery, from my own knowledge of its
workings—not that I would recommend it to yoa.
If slavery were proposed in my State to-morrow,
I would oppose it to the bitter end, on the soun
dest political and philosophic reasons. The peo
ple of Kentucky would probably get rill of slave
ry if they knew what to do with the slaves ; but
to abolish slavery in the South, is to tear up root
and branch the whole social organization of their
communities.
Can any good be accomplished by exasperating
the Southern people and making them our ene
mies, as though they were a hostile nation in
stead of "bone of our bone" and "flesh of our
flesh 7" Instead of encouraging the purchasers
of the products of our labor in the South, there
is an effort to destroy our beautiful cities, to
bankrupt oar industrious people, by interdicting
all commerce with fifteen of the American States,
forcing them to hate us, and to form alliances, we
with Great Britain and they with France against
each other I stand for the old partnership of
the Revolution. (Applause.) I stand for the
union of the States—all the States, and all the
people of all the Suites. If it were my right to
address a prayer to God on this subject, it would
be a prars for every State, and every man in
every 841 e. (Applinee.) I say you will injure
yourselves wore than you will injure the Smith
by a dissolution ; but I will not compere the ez•
tent of calamity that would befall tbet easing in
the event of that terrible catastrophe.
We have now presented to us another phase
of the old problem which has bo long been dabs.
tad in the political and politico-philosophical
schools of the world—whether man is capable of
self-government. We have had a little more
than half a century's experience. God knows,
every one knows, that we hmve prospered airier
our organisation to an extent which Lee astound.
ed sad confounded all remount. We have
imenned the world by the spread of our institu
tions, the increase of our power, the immense
augmentation of our wealth, the rural Mein.
tion of the great body of our people in point of
metal ..fort and happiness, the fact that our
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