I
p m v.
4
THE BLESSINGS OF GOVERNMENT, LIKE THE DEWS Of HEAVEN, SHOULD BE DISTRIBUTED ALIKE, UPON THE mail AND THE LOW, THE RICH AND THE POOR.
KEW SERIES.
EBENSBURG, PA. WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 12, 18G3.
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Rhea this Cruel War Is Over.
BIC11A1II.ES G . S A W T E U .
IVirest love, do you remember.
When we lat did meet,
Hw you told me that you loved me.
Kneeling at my feet 1
Oh! bow proud you stood before me,
In your suit tf blue,
Wlo you vowed to me and country,
Ever to be true.
Cuoiti a Weeping sad and lonely,
Hopes and fears how vain !
et praying,
When this cruel war is over.
l'raying that we meet again
Wheu iVe iuamver breeze is sighing
Murvifu'Ay along;
Vt mVten &uunn leaves are falling,
SaJly bteau.w the song.
Oft in dreams I see thee lying
Ou tlje Initio plain,
Lunelv. w.itirxM. even dving.
Callinj; but iu vain.
Cnom s Ww ping, sad, &c.
If ami.l the din t.f b.ittle.
Nobly yen should fall.
r'.ir.uvsv front ltn" who love VO'I.
Njiie ta hear you call
"ii!d whiMffT words of comfort.
l.'i w..(ib! s. mthe your pain ?
Ah ! the inaiiy cruel fancies!
Evi r in my brain.
I'liuuo Weeping, sad, Ac.
Bit our country c died vou. darling.
Anvils cheer your way ;
Wi.iie our ii;iti..s sons are fighting,
can only pray. .
strike for God and Liberty,
Let all nations see
H-w we love our starry banner,
Enbleai ( f the fice.
Choiu s Weeping, Fad, Xc.
well be proud of that Union of the people.
The Hon. Franklin Piekce presided,
and upon taking the Chair made the fol
lowing remarks :
Mu lrknds and IUouConidifinien :
While I have come to preside at this
meeting, at your bidding, oermit me say
that no command less iinperitive than
your wish on such an occasion would
have brought me here ; and I trust that in
view of the great aggregation of . ierson
al relations whichthirty years of manhood
life have formed between us, you will re
cognize in this fact a warm reciprocation,
on my part, of the respect and affection
winch, m ail time, 1 have never failed to
find on yours. We meet on the anniver
sary of a day hallowed by solemn memo
ries, and sanctilied as that of the birth of
the American Union. The Declaration
of Independence laid the foundation of
our political greatness, in the two funda
mental ideas of the absolute independence
.1 - A - ....... 1 .
oi me American people, ana or the sov
ereignty of their respective States.
Under that standard our wise and heroic
fathers fought the battles of. the Revolu
tion ; under that they conquered. In
this spirit, they established the Union,
having the conservative thought ever pres
ent in their minds, of the original sover
eignty and independence of the several
States, ail with their diverse institutions,
interests, opinions and habits, to be main
tained intact and secure, by the reciprocal
stipulations and mutual compromises of
the Constitution. They were master
builders, who reared up the grand struc
ture of the Union, that august temple be
neath whose dome three generations have
enjoyed such blessings ot civil liberty as
were never before vouchsafed by Provi
dence to man ; that temple before whose
altars you and I have not only bowed
with devout and prrateful hearts, but
where, with patriotic vows and sacrifices,
we have so Irequemly consecrated our
selves to the protection aid maintenance
of those lofty columns of the Constitution
by which it was upheld. Applause.J
No visionary -enthusiasts were they,
dreaming vainly ot uie impossible uni
formity of swme wild, L topia of their own
imaginations. No desperate reformers were
they, madly bent upon schemes which, if
consummated, could only result m general
confusion anarchy and chaos Oh, no
high-hearted, but sagacious and practical
statesmen thev were, who saw society as
a living fact, not as a troubled vision ;
who knew that national power consists in
the reconcilement of diversities of insti
tutions and interests, not their conflict am
obliteration ; and who saw the variety
and adaption of parts are the necessary ele
ments of all there is -sublime or beautiful
in the works of art or nature. Majestic
were the solid foundations, the massive
masonry, the columed loftiness of that
moving planet-like, in the orbit of its
proper place in the firmament of the
Union. Then we were the model Repub
lic of the world, honored, loved, or feared
where we were not loved, respected
abroad, peaceful and happy at home
No American citizen was then subject to
be driven into exile for opinion's sake or
arbitrarily arrested and incarcerated in
military bastiles even as he may now be
-not for acts or words of imputed trea-
Vallandigham, to discuss public affairs in I tion of a great object ; and they sought J we will cling to it "as the mariner clings
S l K E C II O F
FRANKLIN PIERCE
AT THE
CONCORD MEETING,
'N THE FOURTH OF JULY.
maimificent structure of the Union.
lie r- Minn TKist avs that the Mass
Mrtinr ,,f Democrats at Concord, New
""iiliiip, on Saturday, the glorious an
niversary of our National Independence,
in every respect one of the most en
th'iMastir, cheering and significant gather-
ver held in the good, staunch old
'ffanite State. The Democracy gathered
tvery city town, hamlet in the State,
nd whether viewed in point of numbers,
'"thus'iasm, a profound, steady determina
tion to ptand by the politicid principles of
fathers of the country, or the time
and place in which it was held,- it was a
"KM remarkable and mcmoriable assem
Hut not alone were the free
Juntain sides, the busy manufacturing
?recincto, the extended agricultural dis
cts of the State, the various walks and
locations represented, but all New Eng
Janl, New York, and Indiana and other
Pwions of the country sent up their sons,
0n again, on the Sabbath day of the
on, to baptize their faith, and take
"iel together in the trial hour of our
Coun7. It was an inspiring and hope
fol eight to thus witness full twenty-five
wuani Democrats met lor a common
na noble purpose. Concord New Hamp
New England, the nation itself may
Glorious was the career of prosperity and
peace and power upon which from its
very birthday the American Union en
tered, as with the assured march of the
conscious oilspring of those giants of the
Revolution. Such was the Union, as
conceived and administered by Washing
ton and Adams, by Jefferson and Sladi
son and Jackson. Such I say Was the
Union ere the evil times befel us ; ere,
in the third generation, the all-comprehensive
patriotism of the Fathers had died
out, ami given place to tne passionate
emotions of narrow and aggressive sec
tionalism. The Eastern States covered
the sea with their ships, the land with
their farms and their manufactures ; so
did the middle Atlantic States, with ad
dition of their general wealth of coal and
iron; while the -Southron States, with
their bright soft climate and congenial
soil, raised up the creat staples of cotton,
A.K.ifv ripp. rn which are the life of
VWV-vj ' J J
commerce and manufactures; and the
great regions of the West to be granaries
o" Europe and America, and still further
on was rsvealed the land of gold and sil
ver, on the remote shores of the 1 acme.
TIi..a wprp. the. material elements of our
son, but it he uo but mourn in silent sor
row over the desolation of his country
applause no embattled hosts of Ameri
cans were then wasting their lives and re
sources in sanguinary civil strife ; no sui
cidal and parricidal civil war then swept
like a raging temptest of death over the
stricken homesteads and wailing cities of
the Union. Oh, that such a a change
should ever come over our country in a
day, as it were as if sill men in every
State of the Union North and South,
East and West were suddenly smitten
with homicidal madness, and " the cus
tom of fell deeds " rendered as familiar
as if it were a part of our inborn nature ;
as if an avenging angel had been suffered
by Providence to wave a sword of flam
ing fire above our heads, to convert so
many millions of good men, living to
gether in brotherly love, into insensate
beings, savatrely bent on the destruction
of themselves and of each other, and
leaving but a smouldering ruin of confla
gration and of blood in the place of our
once blessed Union. I endeavor some
times, as I have no doubt you do, to close
my ears to the sounds, and shut my eyes
to the sights of woe, and to ask myself
whether all this can be to enquire which
is true, whether the past happiness and
prosperity of my country are but the flat-
enng vision of a happy sleep or its pres
ent misery and desolation haply the de
lusion of some disturbed dream. Une or
the other seems incredible and impossible;
but alas, the stern truth cannot thus be
disicllcd from our minds. Can you for
"ct, ought I especially be expected to for
get, those not remote days in the history
of our country when its greatness and
glory shed the reflection at least of their
raj s upon all of our lives, and thus ena
bled to read the lessons of the Fathers
and of their Constitution in the light of
their principles and their deeds ?
Then war was conducted only against
the foreign enemy, and not in the spirit
and purpose of persecuting non-combatant
populations, nor of burning unde
fended towns or private dwellings, and
wasting the fields of the husbandmen, or
the workshops of the artisan, but of sub
duing armed hosts in the field. Then
the Congress of the United States was
the creat Council of the whole Union
and of all its parts. Then the Executive
Administration looked with impartial eye
over the whole domain of the Union,
anxious to promote the interests and con
sult the honor and just pride of all the
States, seeing no power beyond the law,
and devoutly obedient to the commands
of the Constitution. I low is all this
changed? And why! Have we not
been told, in this very place, not two
weeks ago, by the voice of an authorita
tive expositor ; do we not know that
ran of our calamities is the vicious
intermedline of two many of the citizens
of the Northern States w ith the constitu
tional rights of the Southern States, co
operating with ihe discontents of the peo
ple of those -Mates T xjo we not kuuw
that, the disregard of the Constitution,
and of the security it affords to the rights
of States and of individuals, has been
the cause of the calamity which our
country is called to undergo! And now,
war ! in its direst shape war sucn as u
makes the blood run cold to read of in
the history of other nations and ot other
t'imes war, on the scale ot a million oi
men in arms war horrid as that ot bar
baric ages rages in several ot the States
of the Union, as its more lmmeuiaie
fiohl. and casts the lurid shadow ot its
national power, each State with its ditter
ence of -.ntercsts cooperating with the
others to constitute one harmonious
whole. And so the various European
... . .1 i- i-.ee. :
races, co-exist ing nere, mougu uiucuuS
in blood, religion, temper, the l'rotestani
and the Catholics, the Puritan and the
Cavalier,-yet by their very differences
hnrnrter. afforded the mental and
moral clement of the power of the Union
Glorious, sublime above all that history
records of narional greatness, was the
spectacle which the Union exliibited to
th world- so lonff as the true spirit of
the Constitution lived in the hearts of the
people, and the Government was a Gov
ernment of , men reciprocally respecting
, one another's rights, and of States, each
Ohio; (applause;) aye, even here, the
temporary agents of the sovereign people,
the transitory administrators of the Gov
ernment, tell us that in time of war the
mere arbitrary will of the Pre&ident takes
the place of the Constitution, and the
President himself announces to us that it
is treasonable to speak or write otherwise
than as he may prescribe ; nay that it is
treasonable even to be silent, though, we
be struck dumb by the shock of the ca
lamities with which evil counsels," in
competency and corruption have over
whelmed our country I Applause.
I will not say this without referring to the
authority upon which I rely. In his let
ter of June 12, lSGo, addressed to Eras
tus Corning, and other citizens of the
State of New York, the President makes
use of the followinff extraordinary lan
guage :
"Indeed, arrests by due process of
courts, and arrests in cases ot rebellion,
do not proceed altogether upon the same
basis. Ihe former is directed at the
small percentage ordinary and continuous
perpetration ot crime, while the latter is
directed against the Goverment, which,
at most, will succeed or fail in no great
length of time. In the latter case, ar-
arests are made, not so much for what
has been done, as for what probably
would be done. Applause. The latter is
more for the preventive and the less for
the vindictive, than the former. In such
cases the purposes of men are more easily
understood than in cases of ordinary
crime. (Laughter.) If not hindered, he
is shure to help the enemy ; much more
if he talks ambiguously talks for his
country with 4 buts and ifs and
ands.' "
It is seen by this letter, at least, that
there is no longer doubt as to where the
responsibility for those unconstitutional
acts of the last two years, peqK-trated by
subordinate officers ot the l-ederal Gov
ernment, both civil and military, properly
attaches ; but who, I ask, has clothed
the President with power to dictate to
any one of us when we must or when we
may spe:ik, or to be silent ujwn any sub
ject, and esrecially in relation to the con
duct of any public servant ? Ry what
right does he presume to prescribe a for
inula of language for your lips or mine ?
It seems incredible, and even with this
authenticated paper before us is amazing
that any such sentiment should have
found utterance from the elected re
presentative of a free Government like
that of the United States. My friends
let those obey such behests who will
you and I have been nurtured here among
the granite lulls and under tne clear skies
of New Hampshire, into no such servile
temperment- Applause. True it is
that any of vou, that I myself may be
the next victim of unconstitutional, arbi
trarv. irressponsible power. lui we,
nevertheless, are free men, and we resolv
ed to live, or if it must be, to die such
Falter who may. we will never cease to
hold up on high the Constitution of tl
Union though torn to shreds by the saen
lipious hands of its enemies. Applause
How strikingly significant, how suggestivi
to us, on this occasion, is the contempla
tion of that august spectacle ot the re
cent Convention at Indianapolis, ot sev-ty-five
thousand citizens calmly and
bravely participating in the discussion of
the great principles underlying their sa
cred rights as freemen neither awed
by cannon frowning upon their liberties,
nor provoked by threats into retaliatory
violence. I would say to you, fellow-citi-
its accomplishment with a stern, devoted to the last plank when night and the tern
self-sacrificing spirit They were anima- pest close around him." No matter what
ted bv that determination which in a may have been done North or South to
righteous cause of self-defence and self- J produce it, this terrible ordeal of blood
vindication is invincible. Thev knew the I which has been visited upon us ousht to
" mf I '
condition of the Provinces in point of men be sufficient to bring us all back to con
and munition, and they had a clear pre- sciousness ot responsibilities and dutics.
ception of the colossal power which they
were to confront liut neither one nor
the other consideration, nor both com
bined, shook either their faith or their
courage. They compensated for the want
of numbers, arms, and all which under
ordinary circumstances goes to constitute
the sinews of war, by the jrlory of their
The emotions of all good men are those of
sorrow and shame and sadness now, over
the condition of their country, .when they
retire at night, and when they open their
eyes upon the dawning day, struggle
against them though they may. v hy
should they attempt to disguise it ? Solici-
tuue which hinges upon apprehension ot
patriotism and the strength of their pur- ersonal danger or personal loss, and that
pose. To be sure, they fought for their alone, is contemptible. Trifling men may
rights, but their endurance and energy
were quickened by an incalculable power ;
they fought for their homes, their hearth
stones, their wives and children behind
them. I trust it may be profitable on this
occasion, as the call of your meeting sug
gests, to revive the memories of the heroic
epoch of the Republic, even though they
come laden with regrets, and hold up that
indulge in trifling words and thoughts,
while the foundations laid by the Fathers
are crumbling beneath their feet ; but the
artificers who laid those foundations found
no time for trifling while engaged in their
grand and serious work ; nor can you.
They could lift up their souls in prayer but
they had no heart for levity and mirth.
Mv friends, v-ou have had, most of
period of our history in contrast with the you have had great sorrows, overwhelm
present.
Though they come to remind us of what
were our relations during the Revolution,
and in later years, prior to 1 80 1 , to that
great Commonwealth which we were ac
customed to refer to bv the name of " the
mother of Statesmen and of States ; and
of what those relations now are. Can it
be that we are never to think again of the
and where the dust of Washington and
'atrick Henry, of Jefferson and Madison
repose with emotions of gratitude, admi
ration and filial regard ? Is hate for all
that lrgnna lias -taught, all that lrginia
ias done, all that Virginia is, to take the
place of sentiments which we have cher
ished all our lives? Other men may be
isked to do this, but it is in vain to ap
peal to me. So far as my heart is con
cerned, it is not a subject of volition.
While there may be those in whose breasts
such sentiments as these awaken no re-
ponsive feeling. I feel assured, as I look
over this vast assemblage, that the grate
ful emotions which have signalized this
anniversary in all our past history, are not
less yours than they are mine, to-dav.
Iiet us be thankful, at least, that we have
ever enjoyed them ; that nothing can take
from us the pride and exultation we have
felt, as we saw the old nag untold over
us. and realize its iilorious secretion of
death and lamentation athwart the whole
expanse, and into every nook and corner
of our vast domain. ior is mai an ,
for in those of the States which the roar
of the cannon, and the rattle of the mus
ketry, and the groans of the dying, are
beard but as a faint echo of terror from
other lands, even here in the loyal States,
the mailed hand of military usurpation
strikes down the liberties of the people,
and its foot tramples a desecrated Con
stitution. (Applause.) Aye, in this
land of free thought free speech and free
wr:tinT in the Republic of free suffrage,
with liberty of thought and expression as
the very essence of republican msUtuttons
n tJiASA free States, it is
inadecriminal for a citizen-soldier, like
gallant Edgcrly, of New Hampshire, to
vote according to his conscience; or,
like that noble martyr of free speech,
zens. emulate tnat exJiiouion oi wistiom
and patriotism, lie patient, but resolute.
Yield nothing of your rights ; but bear
TT x . 1 a.
ami ior Dear. Liei. your aciion snow ui
the world that, with courage to confront
despotism, you have also discretion to
avoid inconsiderate action in resistinc its
advances. George Washington and Sam'l
Adams. Mathew Thornton and Charles
Carroll, George Reed and Roger Sher
man, Philip Livingston and William
Hooper, Benjamin Franklin and Edward
Rutledge, George Walton and Richard
Stockton, with their associates of all the
thirteen then independent sovereign
States, stood eighty seven years ago to
day, in that simple but most memorable
room, where the Declaration was signed,
like the people of the States whom they
represented, with the solemn granduer of
high resolve, if apparently weak, yet with
stars from the original thirteen to thirty-
four ; that we say much, when we say,
in the language of New Hampshire
greatest son it we can with assurance say
no more, " The past at least i? secure
Rut if we cannot be joyous, my friend
as we have been on this anniversary, let
us show that it is our privilege, with the
blessing of God, to be considerate, brave
and wise. If there be anything of the
great inheritance, under existing circum
stances to save, may we not in an humble,
earnest way contribute to that salvation ?
If we cannot do all for which our hearts
yearn, may we not at least approach its
consummation, in the spirit of devoted
loyalty to the Constitution and the Union
which we feel ? Ix;t the disreirard of
others for what the Revolutionary Fathers
achieved, and for the compact which they
made, subdued as they were in all things
but a sense of right and honor by the suf
ferings of a seven years' war, now stand
out before us. Iet the people realize what
this constant ringing in their ears of the
charge that "the Constitution is a cove-
nant with death and a league with hell
has brought about. And then let them
sec and tec! what we had in eighty rears
of unexampled prosperity and happiness
under that Constitution.
ing personal sorrows, it may be true
but none like these, which come
welling up, day by day, from tho
great fountain of national disaster, red
with the best and bravest blood ot tho
country, North and South ; red with the
blood of those in both sections of the
Union whose fathers fought the common
battle of Independence. Nor have these
sorrows brought with them any compen
sation, whether of national pride or of
victorious arms. For is it not vain to
so apjeal to you to raise a shout of joy
because the men from the land of ash-
ington, Marion and Sumpter, are baring
their breasts to the steal of the men from
the land of Warren, Stsuk and Stockten,
or because, if this war is to continue to
be waged, one or the other must go to
the wall must be consigned to the hu
miliating subjugation? This fearful,
fruitless fatal civil war has exhibited our
amazing resources and vast jmilitary pow
er. It has shown that united, even in
carrying out, in it widest interpretation,
the Monr-e doctrine, on this Continent,
we would with such protection as the
broad ocean which flows b tv.eon our
selves and European power? affords, have
stood against the World in anus. I speak
of the war as fruitless ; for it is. clear
that, profociifed upon the basis of the
proclamation of Sept. 2 2d and Sept. 24,
18G2, prosecuted as I must understand
those proclamations, to say nothing of
the kindred brood which has followed,
'upon the theory of emancipation, devas
tation, subjugation, it cannot fail to
be fruitless in everything except the
harvest ol woe which it is ripening
for what was once the peerloss Republic.
(Applause.) Now, fellow-citizens, after
having said thus much, it is right that you
should ask me, what would you do m this
fearful extremity ? I reply, from the be
ginning oC this struggle to the present mo
ment, my hope has been in moral power.
There is repofes still. When in the
spring of 18G1 I had occasion to address
my llllow-citizens of this city, from tho
balcony of the hotel before us, I then
said I had not believed, and did not then
believe, agyssion by arms was either a
suitable or possible remedy for existing
evils. (Applause.) All that has oc
curred since then has but strengthened
and confirmed my convictions in this re
gard. 1 repeat, then, my judgment im
pels me to rely upon moral force, and not
upon any of the coercive instrumentalities
of military power. We have seen in the
experience of the last two years how fu-
Lct them look back upon those eighty
years of civil liberty, of the reign of con
stitutional law, eighty years ot security to
our homes, of living in our castles, hum
ble though thev may have been,, with no
power to invade them by night or by day,
except under the well defined and exhibit
ed authority of law. a written, publish-
ea law, eraciea oy tnemseives ior me
punishment of crime and for their own
protection, eighty reais of the great ex
neriment which astonished the world. I f
the people will do this, I cannot, I will
not believe that we are so smitten by ju
dicial blindness, that the great mass of our
population, North and South, will not
some day resolve that we come together
their armor on and their hearts strung again under tne old "oonstitution, with the
for the contest of civil liberty. If we old Hag. (Applause.) I will not believe
cannot be iovous and exultant on this an- that this experiment of man's capacity
' . I rt , . ....
niversary of that day, it may do us good tor sen-government, which was so success-
to remember that toy and exultation were xuuy illustrated until all the revolutionary
far from the hearts of the bravo men who I men had passed to their imal reward, is to
sanctioned the Declaration of Indepen-1 prove a humiliating failure. Whatever
dence, and then fought seven years to r others- may do, we will never abaudon the
maintain it No! they are not joyous nope that tne union is io oe rcsiorcu
i-.ii .,irir.5nm' Thev felt the insnira-1 (Applause.) Whatever others may do
TL"lAfa uv,.Vlii4v' J T " x x A a r
lie r.re all our eitoas to maintain the
Union by force of amis ; but even had
war been carried on by us succesi-fully,
the ruinous result would exhibit its utter
mpracticability for the attainment of the
desired end. Through peaceful agencies,
and through such agencies alone, can we
lope " to form a more perfect Union, es
tablish justice, insure domestic tran
quility, provide for the common defense,
promote the general welfare, and secure
the blessings of liberty to ourselves ami
our posterity," the great objects tor which,
and for which alone, the Constitution was
formed. If you turn round and ask me,
what if these agencies fail, what if the
passionate anger of both sections forbids ;
what if the ballot-box is sealed ? Then,
all efforts, whether of war or peace, hav
ing failed, my reply is, you will take care
of yourselves ; with or without arm?,
with or without leaders, we will, at least,
in the efforts to defend our rights as a
free people, build up a great mausoleum
of hearts to which men who . yearn for
liberty will in after years, with bowed
heiwls and reverently, resort, as Christian
Pilgrims to the sacred shrines of the
Holy Land.