'k . r
AYS ft Ti I A l i 6 ,i -rfV'
Ik !:3iJ: ' i-,U il-rMiS t : :''
- Mil1 1 ! u:, -
JLLC2S jjtou the man asd the low, the eich and the pooe.
24
1855;
VOI,. 3. NOl.
f -i'' V;.;
-it
TilE 1)EM0CBAT & SENTINEL, is ptilLsii
rety Wednesday morning, in Ebensburg,
jQunbri Co., Pa;, at $1 60 per aunum, tr paid
ijt ADVAircK if not $2 Trill be charged.
ADVERTISEMENTS will bee ' picuously in-
-H-ted at the follomng ras, wi..;
, 1 square 3 insertions, V
Every subsequent insertion, '
- I square S months, '
ti e -
- ff year, ; ; .?
f col'a . 1 year,
i Bosisesa Curds. , ; :
16iTweWe lines constitute & square.
41 00
. 26 ,
5 00
4 00
12 00
80 00
15 00
6 00
ADDRESS.
AT THH TIBST ASKUAL JTAIB OF THE
- CA2CBSIA COTTHTT AGEICUXTTrBJLL SOCIETY
HELD AT EBENSBURG,
On thd 3rd, 4tb and 5th days of October, 1855.
Published by a unanimous vote of ihe Society.
In accepting the invitation to deliver the
address on this interesting occasion, I vrould
be wanting in sincerity, did I not a70w my
inability to discuts the subject in such a .way
as to benefit my auditory. Having no prac
tical knowledge of agriculture myself, it may
appear much lite temerity for me to say any
thing to practical farmers about it. T trust,
however, my friends, you will bear with me
patiently, and I promise you that what I may
have to say, shall resemble those wonderful
medicines so conspicuously bro't to our notice
in the newspapers it shall be purely regeta
IU, and if.it docs you no good, will assuredly
do you no harm.
A kind Providence has once more blessed
the labors of the husbandmen. The fears
which so painfully seized upon the public
tnind in the earlier' part of the season, lest
lue present year Would, like the last, bo dis
, astrous to the hopei of the farmer, are all dis
pelled. The Bountiful Giver has not again
laid his finger upon the earth, blasting the
roots of the corn and the wheat. The eye
has gased with rapture upon the golden fields
of grain, from whose waving billows has gone
up the, glad songs from the joyous hearts of
the reaper and binder. And now Autumn
has come, bringing its tribute to the Creator
of mellow fruits, and distended clusters, ma
kins ehti. th-hea,w .wap... JTjady Peac; I . ,. ,. . , ,
. , A . . . T . : . rfTrtncmnd bpace The lightning Jaapa-
jm(j x icUiJT lUjju niuiiu vua uvi
those of us who have met here this day, are
taught by the sad oxperience of but a partial
failure of the crops of 1854, to lay aside all
the political differences which divide us, all
tha local interests and prejudices which so of
ten bring us into contact, and all with swel
ling hearts, whatever be the creed to which
'we conform, join in the Heaven-born aspira
tion. Goo Speed the Ploccii !
' " A history of agriculture would carry us
back to that period in the history of the hu
man race, when our first parents were driven
from the garden of Eden, for eating of that
forbidden fruit, " whose mortal taste brought
death into the world, and all our woe." It
vis a divine command to man, " to till the
ground from which he had been taken ;" and
from that hoar down to the present, the tilling
of the soil has been the employment of a large
portion of the human race. So honorable
, was this occupation esteemed, that all the
4 great nations of antiquity ascribed its inven- i
. tiou to superhuman agency. Among all the
, divinities of that ancient mythology which
peopled every grove, and hill, and valley
every fountain, and river, and sea with its ap
propriate deities, Ceres, the goddess of agri
culture, is distinguished for the vast benefits
- conferred by her upon mankind. For her
worship splendid temples were erected, and
T one of the great festivals of the Greeks and
' Romans, which waa held immediately after
' their harvest, was named in her honor, Ce
realia an occasion of universal rejoicing, at
- which persons in mourning were not permitted
-hr appear. And so well waa it understood at
' ihat early period, that Agriculture is the
foundation of all civil society, that toCeres
"cas also ascribedfthe establishing of laws for
" the protection of civil rights. The represen
tations of Ceres are characteristic. ' In some
he appears as a tall, majestic lady, her "head
garlanded with ears of corn, and a lighted
torch in her hand.In" others,"" she is repre-
acntod asa country woman ."mounted unon
the back of an ox, carrying a basket and a
- oe.j ,L fcope it will not be regarded as inter-
fering with the atu of Cambria ounty pol-
ica, waen i suggest that the latter renresen
- ay." perhap. properly regarded aa
ujunon oi, me larmeress and the goddess !
t- . , ' -
jroeui cave uag to us of n iron ae far
'-back in the history of the vorld, : when men
dwelt in peace and innocence then of & ail
L vr and subsequently of the golden age. -True
it is, that every age is distinguished by some
peculiar characteristics', which, ' standing out
- prominently, indelibly impress their character
-pc.it. Progreaa ia the word which suuis
P w tbat dutmgaiahea the present age.
a-rogrcn iietlled "God'i uxureral law,"
and U is through the ever pressing and y- -j
increasing wants of mankind, , the A.. ,
Creator secures the ' accomplishment of L...
great' design Man's Eternal Progress. - . At
no period since the commencement of the
world have so many important discoveries been
mado, as within the last fifty years. Canals
and rail roads, 6teamboats and : telegraphs,
have all followed each other with wonderful J
rapidity, and more wonderful results. 'We1
all agiee that Dr. Franklin was right when'
he predicted that within a half a century freC
his time, it would not take more than twenty
days to carry the mail between . Philadelphia
and Boston. ' It is now transmitted between
those points in less than twenty hours. Per
hajw I cannot mora fwoiily itpriytt wiih
an idea of modern progress than by exhibiting
to you this newspaper of a past century. It
is called . The Pennsylvania Gazette" bears
date - the 24th day of April, 1755, and pur
ports to contain the " Ereshest Advices, For
eign and Domestic." , Though published in
the city of Philadelphia, issued, as I believe,
by Benjamin Franklin" himself, it contrasts
poorly with the most ordinary country paper
of our day. Among the " freshest foreign
advices" I find in this old paper, are those da
ting back to December, 1754 ; it thus requi
ring at that time four months to convey intel
ligence, which is now brought to our doors in
ten 'days. Here, too, you find negroes offered
at public sale'm Market street, in the city of
Philadelphia, . while now the whole State is
agitated at the imprisonment of Taasmore
Williamson, for the rescue of a few servants
of a passing traveller. Such are some of the
startling changes going on around us. " Tem
pera mutantur, ct nos mutamur cum illis."
Tha rich . treasures of Science are . daily
thrown at our feet. By her disclosures, we
are enabled to interrogate all nature and learn
her secrets. By means of the telescope we
walk among the stars. Geology has enabled
ua to penetrate the . bowls of the earth, and
draz from it its hitherto unknown treasures.
The Astronomer in his study, by means of
his arithmetical science, demonstrates the ex
istence of another world, never yet seen by
mortal eye, and then discovers in that part of
space indicated by this conclusion, this new
planet, justly named La Verrier, wheeling its
silent rounds. Steam has almost annihilated
the clouds to bear our messages, and soon old
Ocean will wear beneath his waves, a girdle
of fire !
Prolific as is the theme, it is not my inten
tion to dwell on the amazing progress of sci
entific research and discovery in our own day.
This has so frequently, and so recently too,
been dwelt upon by others in addresses of this
kind, that for me to say anything more upon
it, might look too much like ' treading in the
footsteps of rav illustrious predecessors."
The dignity and importance of agriculture
have been often dwelt upon. Distributing
the people of the world into classes, represen
ting their respective pursuits, agriculture
presents sevcn-eighthsf while all others com
bined represent but one-eighth of the whole.
As a means of creating natural and individual
wealth, therefore, . agriculture is infinitely
greater than all others together. Sinco it
alouo supplies food and raiment for all, the
very existence of civilized communities is de
pendent upon its products. The soil is our
common mother from whose bountiful breast
we derive our subsistence. Agriculture is the
basis of all other industrial interests. As an
art, the oldest of the arts it is the sustaining
mother of all the arts. As a science, it
claims the homage and invokes the aid, while
it is the support of all the sciences. The
thousands of manufactories spread over our
land, the smoke of which darkens the air, and
which afford employment to so great a num
ber of our population, are incessantly employ
ing in changing the form of the products of
agriculture, and in supplying it with imple
ments and tools. The commerce which whi
tens every ocean, is but engaged as a carrier
tacjbatge the place of agricultural products,
by distributing the fruits of different climates
or localities of civilized life. "Without agri
culture, commerce and manufactures, with all
their important and -ever increasing interests,
never could have existed. Without it, edu
cation, arts, sciences, refinement, mental and
moral improvement, would soon languish and
die Without it, civilization would be un
known, and men be reduced to savage life,
prowling through the dark forests, like beasts
of prey, seeking an uncertain subsistence in
the spoils of the chase.
- The truth of all this will be at once' ad
mitted. 'Is it not then strange that the sci
ence of agriculture for a long period did not
keep pace with the other sciences, and in fact,
made no progress J , American farmers ap
peared -contented, year after year, to till the
son, extracting from it all the elements of its
fertility, without ever thinking of restoring
these elements to the eoil again. Yearly the
soil becain -more exhausted until the -coose-
quences of th'i ; ; ' J cf clivt - n - Icped
.themselves in tlr 4 :acrxied crcji v the
Vicinity of AfbayV less wheat is now raised
.C -v eere'th, there was thirty years ago,
and-v l ia t many other local! ;es. I
some States rs i plantations -have been
abandoned! "VLie! ;weje;oncc in a hih, state of
cultivation i 'tl. otaiTL ,"iia, cilo Jne,
sulphuric and phohoric w Js, nUicV iorm
co" nent parts ofr the soil, are JyCvly-iaf-
riwU awat and sold in the millions of tc . cf 4
cotton, hem we raise and
expoi LI -!i? ' rich , virgin
soil, we tc05.f ,1 ""Tain grow
in countries of Europe: ; Theiv,- here the
po elation is dense, and t-ger is the school
tLUajecaLg
attention. The facts just teferred to,' at
length attracted the attention of Borne of our
practical and -sagacious farmers, who immedi
ately commenced the work of reform, in
which they showed themselves national bene
factors. Neither can the importance of this subject
in a national aspect, be over-estimated. It
has been said, " that productiveness of crops
and destructiveness of soil, are the two mo&t
prominent features of American agriculture."
We forget to feed the land that both feeds
and clothes us all. The. great loss sustained
in consequence of defective tillage, may, per
haps, be best learned from a few statistics
which I condense from one of the reports of
the Patent Office. In the State of New York,
there were, in 1845, under improvement, 11,
737,908 acres of land. In 1850, the num
ber was 12,408,908 acres, showing an in
crease in five years, of 671,092 acres. Not
withstanding this increase of over half a mil
lion of acres of cultivated land, Jt is evident
that the soil parted with more of the elements
of crops than it regained, from the fact that in
this interval of five years, in the number of
horses, cows, cattle of every kind, swine and
sheep ; in the crops of wheat, buckwheat, po
tatoes, peas and beans, and in the quantity of
wool and flax, there was a large decrease.
Suppose now the lands in that State are dam
aged, on an average, to the amount of two
dollars per acre for each year, and you have
a loss of about twenty-five millions of dollars.
Extend this calculation to the 118,435,178
acres of improved land in the United States,
m returned, bj thecensus of . 1850. and the
nation loses annually more than two hundred
millions of dollars from the bulk .of ber na
tional wealth. Careful examination has shown,
thit to supply the potash, magnesia, lime, so
da, &o. , annually extracted from the soil to
its hurt and impoverishment, would cost even
more than the enormous amount designated.
Well may such exhibitions arouse us. It is
crratifvinff to witness the deep interest now
manifested by all classes on this subject
Such displays as we have seen here during
this, our first County Fair, serve greatly to
excite and Keep alive that spirit whicn is so
essential to the perfection of agricultural sci
ence.
I was much surprised to find, in the exam
ination of this subject, that the average crcp
of wheat per acre, in the harvests of Great
Britain, on the soil cultivated for hundreds of
years, is aoout double tuat produced on tne
. . . .a
soil of Ohio, the first wheat growing State in
the Union. Why is this? Because British
farmers are thoroughly educated for their
work, and so work wisely. They pay back to
the earth what they borrow. They endeavor
by every means in their power to enrich their
ground, and in return it enriches them
Perhaps the chief sin of American farmers is,
that they too often seek to double their acres
instead of their crops.
A glance at some of the means by which
European agriculture has made such marked
progress, may not be unprofitable in this con
nection. Prominent among the provision
made by England and France far the promo
tion of the arts and sciences generally, is that
for the promotion cf the art . and science - of
agriculture in particular. These nations not
only havo national institutions in which, phi
losophy, literature land art are taught, but
they have also national boards ot agriculture,
and excellent schools of instruction with mod
el farms attached, where every thing is taught
necessary to secure the success of the student
in bis career as a farmer. The constituent
.elements of the soil, and every mode of ame
liorotion "which ages havo brought or expen
ment recommended, are carefully taught in
"these" agricultural schools and upon these mod
el farms. Experience, the best of all tests
has shown the great national advantages re-Kukina-
from these institutions. The French
a
School is situated at Grignon, near Paris
The farm embraces twelve hundred acres, and
so prosperous has it been of late years- that
the profits have exceeded the expenditures,
and thus its advantages have been extended
to many free pupils. Similar institutions are
found in England, Ireland and Scotland, and
they have already contributed to that advance
ment of sericulture, both as an art tod a
pe, which has so signally marked its inod
- rogreas. - ' -' -
L ir own WAsnrxGTOjr. a practical farmer.
loved his occupation so well that he re
' atly tore himself from it for a time, to j
ce I the highest honors of a nation, used his
va esiaoiisti boards or agriculture in
tl iountry. In a letter to William 8trick-
' or .ngland, be says: "1 have en-1
pred, both in a public and private charac
Jo encourage the establishment of boards
cf r riculture in this country, but hitherto in
vaii' And in speaking of the National
zi of Agriculture, in Great Britain, he
s?y;;?-, x nave considered it as one of tne
st valuablo institutions of modern times ;
Uittowst.be productive.of great advantages to
the nation, and to mankind in general."
Is not the great want of American agricul
ture some such organised system as at present
exists in England, France, and Scotland?
Our Government has established military and
naval schools, which work well, and which
ars sustained directly from the national treasu
ry. What wouid our armies and navies accom
plish without the toil of ther farmer? Let us
tacn have agricultural schools of a high char
acter, with model farms attached for the pur
pose of making experiments, thus combining
the "book learning" with the practice of the
art. - I know the idea of experimental farming
is often sneered at, but why should it be ? Is
not avast amount of that knowledge of which
we boast so loudly, the direct result of exper
iment? Had Franklin not experimented, he
never would have made that splendid discov
ery which has immortalised his name, and
which will hand it down " till the last syllable
of recorded time. The discovery of the
age one that will confer greater benefits up
on mankind than all the blood bought victor
ies that stand ont so conspicuously on the
page of history, is that of Peruvian guano.
Providence has in this favored the farmer with
a substance by which he is enabled by use of
but little more in weight than the seed with
which he sows the land, to restore the most
worn out fields to the production of their palm
iest days. Fifteen years ago, viz : in 1840,
a few tons of guano were introduced into
England, which were used by way of experi-
ment. Now the consumption has increased to
100,000 tons annually, and the Royal Agri-
cultural Society Jhaa "offered a premium of
1000 for the discovery of a manure equal to
guano in strength, which can be manufactured
and sold in large quantities at 025 per ton.
I have referred to this for the purpose of re!a-
ting an incident. As far back as 1824, thirty
one years ago, John S. Skinner, a pioneer in
agricultural science, obtained two barrels of!
genuine guano from the coast of Peru. He
placed this guano in the possession of a few
friends, who neglected it, and that was the
endof.it. Had there been in existence at
that time, a National Industrial University,
with such an experimental farm attached as
the 1200 acres at Grignon, the inestimable
value of this fertiliser would hare been ascer-
tained years before it was. And is it an over
estimate to sav. that had the discoverv then
been made, the eain to the country would
base equalled our national expenditures from
that day to this?
But a brighter day is dawning. History
has shown that agriculture as an art, when
u
unaided by science, made but little progress
in a thousand years. .Experience might ac
cumulate facts, but no principle of general
armlieation could be established. A. manure
beneficial in one place was often found worth
M. K
less in another, because no rule could be giv
en for its uso no reason for its failure. Here
agricultural chemistry steps in and gives its
invaluable aid to the intelligent farmer.
When a student at college, our President, on
one occasion, in addressing our ciass, maae
this remarkt " Young gentlemen, the man
among you who knows the most Greek and
has the most Grace,, will make the bct preach-
er. : J. nis rule wui noia gooa in iarmmg as wen
as in preaching. Every farmer has his Greek
in his bonesi and musclesj and sinews his
Grace, agricultural grace, he iuu?t find in chem
istry. it is this science alone which determines
the nature and quality of the elements of the
soil, and also the composition of the various
manures, thus adapting the one to the other
without loss. The constituents of plants and
the substances necessary to their existance.
are also disclosed by chemistry. But for the
teaching of this science we must have agri
cultural schools and model farms. Pennsyl
vania, our own honored State, has taken a
noble 6tep for the advancement of agriculture.
The labors of Watts and Woodward, Elwyn
and Gowen have not been in vain. "The"
Farmer's High School of Pennsjlvauia," has
been incorporated ;.by our Legislature, and
soon the spire of the first purely agricultural
school in the Union, will point towards the
sky. The Plough on our State Coal of Arms,
is now an emblem of some significance.
The whivh is omnipotent
in this eountrv. is aLa ebntributinc its aid in
the advancement of the great interest of agri
culture. But a few yt ars aeo. and there
were no periodicals devoted to agricultural
science, now almost every btate in the L niou
sustains its agricultural newspapers, which are
weekly disseminating a vast amount of valua
ble information for the benefit of the farmer.
Through them the best talent of the land
speaks, and considers itself highly ' honored
in addressing such assemblages of farmers as
I have before me to-day. : -
Within the last year or two, hundreds of
thousands have congregated at the agricultu
ral fairs held at Saratoga, Philadelphia, Bal
timore, Dayton, Springfield and Columbus.
The exhibition at Springfield embraced horses
only, but is not the horse worthy of a natiou
il fair ITbe noblest of the animals, he has
been celebrated in history from the Bucephalus
who bore Alexander the Great on' his back to
the conquest of a world, down to Old Whitey,
who having carried Old Zach through all the
perils pf Palo Alto, Rcsaca, Monterey and
Buena Vista, next distanced all 'competitors
on the Presidential race course, and brought
his master in triumph to the much prized goal
-the White House, in Washington 1 These
fairs are powerful auxiliaries in the advance
ment of agricultural skill and science. It is
through these associations, - whether County
or State, that a Btrong agricultural public
opinion is being formed, which is fast making
itself felt and respected. ' Farmers j on these
occasions, meet together and feel that they are
no longer isolated, but a commuuity-a broth
erhood. A spirit of healthy enterprise and
emulation is excited. Through the agency of
such societies, new implements of agriculture
are brought to the attention of the cultivators
of the soil. In the invention of agricultural
implements our mechanics have won some
world renowned triumphs. Whilst England
and France are rejoicing over the fall of Se
vastopol, America is rejoicing at the victory
of her mechanic son, McCormick. at the Paris
exhibition of all nations. Our rejoicing is
not mingled with the wail of the widow and
the orphan, neither are our hero's laurels
stained with blood. "
The great contest of the age among ' the
j rival nations of the earth, is for commercial
supremacy. " Commerce is King, but his
j throne would soon totter and fall were it not
I supported by agriculture. IS very year our
ships find their way into new ports in distant
J parts of the globe, and it has been reserved
I for American diplomacy to overcome the eu
j perstition and prejudices which for ages have
j closed the ports of Japan to every nation.
j The overcrowded populations of China, India
and Japan, want our agricultural productions
This will render the Pacific Kail Road neccs-
sary, and it is through the instrumentality of
I our agricultural interests that the Atlantic
J and Pacific oceans will yet be joined by bands
I of iron. The day is not far distant when
I across this continent will be carried the com-
J merce of the East, which has enriched every
j nation that ever enjoyed it. The commerce
J of the world will pass through San Francisco
I and New York. Then will our commercial
supremacy be triumphantly estabiibhed, and
this nation become the mightiest power.- if
true to itself, the world has yet seen. But
this must be accomplished through our agri
culture, for no axiom of political economy is
more true, than that the commerce of any
country is limited by thj amount of products
it has to give in exchange.
The farmers in the United States occupy i
high position. In France the continual divi
sion of the paternal estates anions: all the
children has resulted disastrously to the agri
cultural interests, for the land is held in 6ach
minute portions as to render its profitable
cultivation impossible. In England, the laws
of primogeniture and entailment have ftccii
mulated the whole territory in the hands of a
few. The farmers are chiefly tenants, paying
enormous rents to tho nobility, besides heavy
taxes to the government. Thus, in 1S51, the
population of Great Britain, inducing Ireland
and the islands in the British seas, was 27,
619.86G, and of this number but SO.OOO were
land holders. The Licinian law of the Ro
mans, which fixed the quantity of laud each
one was allowed to hold, is needed m Great
"Rritian. The love of pronertv is said to be
J 0f tne strongest principles of the human
breast, and the prospects of its acquisition is
powerful stimulus to industry. Colone
Benton said of tenantry : "It is unfavora
bio to freedom, it lays the foundation for Eep
affile orders ia society, annihilates the love of
country, and weakens the spirit of indepen
dence. The tenaut has, in fact, no country,
no hearth, no domestic altar, no household
god." Here we have no 6iich landed laws as
deface the statute books of Europe. Our
1 ian(j tilled by tuetl who own the soil they
cultivate : bv men who love home and all
j the thrilling associations that word calls up ;
I men. who have ever shown themselves wu-
I line to lav down life it defence of Ihcir fire
1 side and their altars
-The monk, Raonl Glabcr, has jpjca u
terriblo picture .of. the ravages of famine at
several periods during the middle ages. In
1420, flofcks of fuuiLiliftd wolrcs, "finding noth
ing to cat in the country, came and devoured
dead and living beings in the outskirts of the i
cities as far as Paris. The lands were -all 1
held by the feudal lords, and were exceeding-" '
ly fertile; but says the monk, "the unfortu
nate serfs who cultivated the lands of the 13a,
rons, could not dream of multiplying the;
means of subsistence. - Why should , they T
If they produced more they would have . to .
give more to the lord ; to pay more taxes; to
sweat larger drops for taxation. And-'ao
what horrible times ! how many generations
during them were destroyed by hunger I
With agriculture as the national interest .
intelligent yeomanry who till the lands lor
themselves, and not for -some feudal Baron of
ord, with a country favored by Heaven, em
bracing every variety of soil and cumate, in
which millions of acres are yet untouched by'
the hand of culture, we need little fear a re
turn of those dark days so vividly depicted by
the monk. Truly, ours is a croodlr Leri
tage .
Let no one then despise the pursuits of thd
farmer. It is the occupation in which bur" -noblest
statesmen gladly take refuge from the
toils of political strife. . Mount Vernon and
Monticello, Ashland and Marshfieid are dis-
tinguished names on the map of agriculture.
Amid the scenes of rural life the heart is
brought into closer communion with nature,
in her green retreats and shady bowers, and
imbued with a sense of its dependence, turni
thankfully to the Father of Mercies. Let us
seek then to elevate and ennoble agriculture.
Let us tc ach our sons, who arc so eager to
rush fiom the farm to all the temptations of
city life, too often, alas ! to fall, that happi
ness and distinction are not always found by
those who dream of forensic fame, of senato
rial halls and the high walks of professional
life. Teach them never to forget
" The orchard, the meadow the Jeep tangled
wild wood,
And every loved spot which their infancy
knew."
I will detain you no longer, With the
hope that this, the first Fair of the Cambria
County Agricultural Society, may be produc
tive of far more good resulte than its intelir
gent and public spirited founders ever antici
vdted ; that it will inaugurate a new era ia
our little mountain county, and make her as
distinguished for her agriculture as she now
is for the beauty of her daughters, and the
bravery of ber sons J and that after another
seed time and harvest are past, we rtay all
meet again at our next anniversary, I shall
conclude in the language of true poetry :
Wide wide may the world fed the power C-f
the plow,
And yield to the sickle a fulness delighting, '
Mar this be our conquest, the earth to subdua.
Till all join the song of the harve&t inviting.
The sword and the Fpear
Are only known Lere
Aa we I'low, cr we prune or we tod void ct
fear ;
And the fruit and the flower all smile at their
birth.
All greeting the farmer, this prince of the earth.'
Coxstttctiox or the Eabth. A writer
in the Scientijte American, after examining
all the vanous theories concerning the struc
ture of the earth, endorses the conclusion
that the world is one mass or globe of mined
metals, of which the mere crust has become
rusted, or of earthly form j tho outer rind,
as it were preventing any rapid combination
taking place with the metallic surface, five or
six miles below the faced the dry land.
Eruptions from volcanoes be thiuks are pro
duced by the sea getting down to the metalio
surface through some fissure in the carth'a
crust, a decomposition of the water then takes
place, fire flame and steam causing an erup
tion. m
FxAarcL Rktribction. James W. Co!f
roth, a Stato Senator of California, elected
originally by the Democrats, but recently by
the Know-Nothings, made the following re
mark at Benicia in 1853 i If ever , I de
sert the Democratic party, may my right arm
be withered. lie became a member of the
Know-Nothing Ordcr,aod was their candi
date at the recent election in California far the
State Senate. On tho day of the election, he
fell from his horse and so completely shattered
his right arm that amputation was deemed
necessary; -
. .
A Jest Rebuke
In a recent criminal trial in Michigan, the"
wife and infant child of the accused, accom
panied by A minister of the gospel ia the re-
In tiou of a friend of the family; wvro constant
ly present, and afforded the counsel for the
defence an opportunity, which waa pot lost, to
make a very pathetic appeal to the jury. The
jiidge thereupon took occasion to euto. in his
charge, that ho " hej.ed never again to wit
nes such things brought into court as a part
of the machinery of the defence.
STDoo't be afraid to marry a sentimental
young lady. She may be foiuctunts melan
cfinlo but tin matter aa lner as t,k in TanrT
I J , . o i
1 without the ex.