mi
V-
THE BLESSINGS OF GOVEENMENT, LIKE THE DEWS OF HEAVEN; SHOULD BE DISTETZTIZD ALIKE UTON THE HIGH AND THE LOW, THE MCH AND THE FOOE,
i ;
! Y
in II I
EW SERIES.
TBRM8:
THE DEMOCRAT & SENTINEL, is publish-
. ed every Wednesday mornings in Ebensburg,
Cambria Co., Pa;, at 4 1 60 per annum, if paid
1M advance, if not $2 will bo charged. : .
ADVERTISEMENTS will be conspicuously in-
; serted at the following rates, viz.
1 square 3 insertions, ,
" Every subsequent insertion,
1 square 8 months, . .
1 " 6 "
1 year. .
"col'n 1 year,
. A " " . .
Business Cardu. ... , : -
gey-Twelve lines constitute a square.
$1 00
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SO 00
15 00
6 00
The American. National Council Its Plat
form Adopted
The majority of the national council of the
American" party continued in session after
the - bolting of the delegates .representing
twelve States in the council, and have, after
considerable labor, fashioned the following
platform of principles, upon which they re
commend the party to public support:
PLATFORM AND PRINCIPLES. " ' '
I. The acknowledgment of that Almighty
Being, who rules over the universe who pre
sides over the councils of nations who con
ducts the affairs of men, and who, in every
Step by which we have advanced to the char
acter of an independent nation, has distin
guished us by some token of Providential
agency. '
II. The cultivation and development of a
sentiment of profoundly intense American
feelings ; of passionate attachment to our
country, its history and its institutions ; of
admiration for the purer days of our national
existence ; of veneration for the heroism that
precipitated our revolution ; and of emulation
of the virtue, wisdom and patriotism that fra
med our constitution and first successfully ap
plied its provisions.
III. The maintenance of the union of these
United States as a paramount political good;
or to use the language of Washington, "the
1r:mary object of patriotic desire." And
lence
1st. Opposition to all attempts to weaken
or pub vert it.
2d. Uncompromising antagonism to every
principle of policy that endangers it. .
31. The advocacy' of an equitable adjust
ment of all political differences which threat
en its integrity or perpetuity.
4th. That suppression of nil tendencies to
political division, founded on " geographical
discriminations, or od the belief that there is
a real difference of interests and views" be
tween the Various peotlono of lUo ITnlnn-; ' :
5th. The full recognition of the rights of
the several States, as expressed and reserved
in the constitution; and a careful avoidance
by the general government of all interf.rence
with their rights by legislative or executive
- Action.
IV. Obedience to the constitution of these
United States, as the supreme law of the land,
eacrcdly obligatory upon all . its parts and
members ; and steadfast resistance to the spir
it of innovation upon its principles, however
.specious the pretexts. Avowing that in all
doubtful cr disputed points it may only be le
gally ascertained and expounded by the judi
cial power of the United States.
And as a corollary tothe above : -1
. A reverential habit of obedience to the
laws, whether national, state or municipal,
until they are either repealed or declared un
constitutional by the proper authority.
2. A tender and sacred regard for those
nets of statesmanship, which are to be contra
distinguished from actsof ordinary legislation.
by the fact of their being of the nature of
compacts and agreements ; and so to be con
sidered a fixed and Bettled national policy. ; -V.
A radical revision and modification of
the laws regulating immigration, and the set
tlement of immigrants. Offering to the hon
est immigrant, who from love of liberty or
hatred of oppression, seeks an asylum in the
United States, a friendly reception and pro
tection. But unqualifidely condemning the
transmission to our shores of felons and pau
pers ......
VI- The essential modification of the na
turalization laws. .
The repeal by the Legislatures of the res
pective States, of all State laws allowing for
eigners not naturalized to vote.
The repeal, without retroactive operation,
of all acts of Congress, making grants of land
to unnaturalized foreigners, and allowing them
to vote in the Territories. r
-VIT. Hostility to the corrupt means by
which the leaders of part' have hitherto for
ced upon us our rulers and our political
creeds, v ' . ,'..".. ,
Implacable enmity . against the present de
moralizing system of rewards for political sub
erviney. and of punishment for political in
dependence. - - .--
Disgust for the wild hunt after office which
characterizes the age. '
These on the one hand. On the other
Imitation of the practice of the purer days
X 7 e,febllc f admiration of the maxim
that office should seek the man. and not
man the office and of the rule that, the just
mode of -ascertaining- fitness for office, i9 the
capability, the faithfulness and the honesty of
the incumbent or candidate. ; - K r -.
YIIX . Resistance to the aggressive policy
and corrupting tendencies of the Roman Ca
tholic Chnrch in our country by the advance
ment to 1 all political stationsexecutive, leg.
islative, judicial or diplomatic of tliose only
who do not hold eivit "allegiance, directly or
indirectly, to any foreign power, whether civil
pr ecclesiastical,' and who are Americans by
birth, education and training -thus fulfilling
the maxim; " Americans only shall govees
America." ' - $ . . . . .
Jhe protection of all citizens in the legal
rfaK?r0pf erci8e of eir ivil and religion
SS?rf "'kges; the maintenance of the
nd MaXry man the fuU strained
nd peaceful eymcnt of his own j
opinions and worship, and a jealous resistance
of all attempts by any Beet, denomination or
church to obtain an ascendency over any other
in the State, ,hy means of any special privile
ges or exemption, by any, political combina
tion of its members, or by a division of their
civil allegiance with any foreign power, po
tentate or ecclesiastic.
IX, The reformation of the character of
our national Legislature, by elevating to that
dignified and responsible position men of high
er qualifications, purer morals, " and more un
selfish patriotism. . .-.".
X. The restriction of executive patronage
especially in the matter of appointments to of-fice-BO
far as it may be permitted by the consti
tution, and consistent with the public good.
.XI. The education of the youth of our
country in schools provided by the State ;
which schools shall be common to all, without
distinction of creed or party, and free from
any influence or direction of a denominational
or partisan character.
And, inasmuch as Christianity, by the con:
stitutions of nearly all the States,- by the de
cisions of the most eminent judicial authori
ties, and by consent of the people of Amer
ica, is considered an element of our political
system, and as the Iloly Bible is at once the
source of Christianity, and the depository and
fountain of all civil and religious freedom, we
oppose every attempt to exclude it from the
schools thus established in the States.
XII. The American party having arisen
upon the ruins and in spite of the opposition
of the whig and democratic parties, cannot be
held in any manner responsible for the obnox
ious acts or violated pledges of either. And
the systematic agitation of tne slavery ques
tion by those parties having elevated Bectional
hostility into a positive element of political
power, and brought our institutions into peril,
it has become the imperative duty of the
American party to interpose, for the purpose
of giving peace to the country and perpetuity
to the Union. And as experience has shown
it impossible to reconcile opinions so extreme
as those which separate the disputants, and
as there can be no dishonor in submitting to
the laws, the national council has deemed it
the best guarantee of common justice and of
the future peace, to abide by and maintain
the existing laws upon the subject of slavery,
as a final and conclusive settlement of that
subject in spirit and in substance. .
, And regarding it the highest duty to avow
their opinions upon a subject bo important, in
distinct and ' unequivocal terms, it is hereby
declared as the sense of this national council,
that Congress possesses no power under the
constitution, to legislate upon the Bubject of
.slavery !-ko st where it does or may ex
ist, or to exclude any State from admission
into the Union, because its constitution does
or does not recognize the institution of slavery
as a part of its social system ; and expressly
pretermitting any expression of opinion upon
the power of Congress to establish or prohib
it slavery in any Territory, it is the sense of
the national council that Congress ought not
to legislate upon the subject of slavery within
the territory of the United States, and that
any interference by Congress with slavery as
it exists in the District of Columbia, would be
a violation of the spirit and intention of the
compact by which the State of Maryland ce
ded the District to the United States, and a
breach of the national faith.'
3(111. The policy of the government of the
United States, in its relations with foreign
governments, is to exact justice from the stron
gest, and do justice to the weakest; restrain
ing, by all the power of the government, all
its citizens from interference with the internal
concerns of nations with whom we are at
peace " "
XIV. This national council declares that
all the principles of the order shall be hence
forth everywhere openly avowed ; and that
each member shall bo at liberty to make
known the existence of the order, and the fact
that he himself is a member ; and it recom
mends that there be no concealment of the
places of meeting of subordinate councils.
E. P. BAItTLETT, of Kentcy,
President of the National Council.
0. D. Dkshler, of New Jersey, Cor. Soc.
Jas. M. Stephens, of Maryland, Rec. Sec.
On the adoption of the forgoing platform by.
a majority of the convention a large body of
the delegates seceded and published, the fol
lowing manifesto : . . .
TO THIS PEOPLE OF THE TTSITEB STATES 1
The undersigned, citizens of the various
States assembled at Philadelphia on the four
teenth day of June,' 1 855, feel constrained,
under the existing state" of 'affairs,1 to affirm
the following principles. . vr t
1st. The unconditional restoration of that
time-honored compromise known as the Ml3.
souri prohibition, which was destroyed -in lit
ter disregard of the popular will a wrong no
lapse of time can palliate and no plea 'for its
continuance can justify ; and that we will uso
all constitutional means to maintain the posi
tive guaranty of this compact until the object
for which it was enacted has been consummat
ted by the admission of. Kansas and Nebraska
as free States. - :-! ' :" . : ...
2d. That the rights of settlers in Terri
tories to the free and undisturbed exercise of
the elective franchise guaranteed to them by
the laws under which they are organized
should be promptly protected by the national
executive, wherever violated or. threatened,
and that we cannot consistently act with those
who will not aid us iu Xli3.correoi.icn of those
national Wrongs, and will not even permit
or, falr consideration and full discussion.
8-..'.-We further declare our continued and
unalterable determination to use all honorable
efforts to Becure auch a modification of the
naturalization laws, aided by ich an eleva
tion of public sentiment, an BhaU preserve the
true interests of the nation and ehall guarantee
the three ntal principles of a Republican Gov
ernment spiritual freedom, a R,7J- J
free tchooU, thereby promoting the great work
vl jmuctiuiii i laiug America.- - -.;
4th. That we invoke the arm of legiala- j
EBENSBURG,
tion to arrest that growing evil, the deporta
tion, by foreign authorities, of paupers and
convicts to our Bhores ; and that, as our Nation
al Constitution requires the chief executive of
our country to bo of native birth, we deem it
equally necessary and important that our dip
lomatic representatives abroad should ; also
possess no foreign prejudices to bias their judg
ment or to influence their official action.
OHIO.
Thos. II. Ford, -II.
II. Olds,
Joshua Martin,
J. K, Marly,
George R. Martin,
A. McKay,
II. M. McAbec,
John Tl. Rccs. '
. INDIANA.'
William Cumback,
Schuyler Colfax,
Godlovc S. Orth, -;
J S. llarvey.
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
Anthony Colby,
Jesse Mann,
Stephen B. Sherwin.
VERMONT. .
'Evelyn Pierpoint, ;
Joseph n. Barrett,'
' Ryland Fletcher,
-R-M-Guilford,
Jo. P. Hatch. -
MAINS.
Louis O. Cowan,
A. S. Richmond, -Benj.
D. Peck, '
John L. Stevens,
John S. Say ward, .
Joseph Co veil,
James M. Lincoln;
F. D. Allen, ; - .
James R. Bryant.'
MICHIGAN.
Israel Coggeshall,
Moses A. McNaughton,
ILLINOIS. '
Wm. TV. Danenhowcr,
Wm. II. Young,
Henry S. Jennings,
D. L. Enstman, .
MASSACHUSETTS. .
Henry J. Gardner,
Henry Wilson,"
J. W. Foster,
A. C. Carey,
II. W. Rugg, "
James Buffington, ,
Andrew A. Richmond.
" IOWA. J v
James Thorington,v'
William Loughridge.
RHODE ISLAND. '; -
Jabez C- Knight,
Nathaniel Green,
Wm. II . Sweet.
CONNECTICUT. .
David B.- Booth. '.
Thomas Clark, ,
N, D. Sperry.
" WISCONSIN
d. e. Wood,
It. Chandler,' ' 1
C.W. Cook.' '
I approve of the above adding no more
slave Staes, no more slave territory. , ,
BCBHNEL WniTE.
Others protested against the platform in the
following terms : . .
PROTEST OF PENNSYLVANIA, fcc. '.
The undersigned, citizens of the United
States and residents of the States set opposite
their names, solemnly protest against the in
troduction of any question connected with
slavery into the platform of principles of the
American party, being convmcea mat no sucn
issues were intended to be embraced within
its purposes and objects. ; - . -
That we believe in and shall defend the
right of freedom of opinion and discussion on
that and every other subject not intended to
be embraced within the design of our organ
ization. , ; :
That if the question of slavery is to be pas
tea ppou-admaJ m afLonr,. national
erecd, then in that event we cannot consistent
ly act, with fidelity 'to our principles and
former professions, with any national organi
zation whose action on the question of slavery
will result in endorsing the Kansas-Nebraska
act, and which refuses its sanction to the prin
ciples of the Missouri compromise act of lo"20.
That we believe that time-honored compact
was an honorable and fair adjustment of the
question of slavery.
We desire to place this ; protest upon the
journals of the council, that in no future time
the undersigned may be charged with infrac
tion of expressed or implied faith to, their
fellow-members in failing to support the ma
jority resolutions. . , ' ..
Wm. F. Johnson, Pa.
J. Bowman Bell; Pa.
D.E. Small. Pa.
R. M. Guilford, Vt.
Evelyn Pierpoint, Vt.
George D. Hatch, Vt.
Rich. Clement, Del.
E.S.McCL3llenN. J.
R. Coulter, Pa.
John A. Prichet, HI.
Joseph II. Barrett, Vt. David B. Booth, Con.
norrace Kinsley, Vt. A. S. Livingston, N.
W. D. Danenhower, 111. . J.
PROTEST OF INDIANA .: . "
The , undersigned Delegates, representing
the Council of the State of Indiana, respect
fully protest against the platform adopted by
the National Councu at its present -session, ;!
and beg leave to say that, in regard . to. the
measure known as the Kansas-Nebraska: bill,
those within the council of the State of Indi
ana, nor the people, have awaited the action
of the National Council in order to form their
opinions.' - Their opinions have been formed
and avowed. An issue has been made with
their political antagonists, and the soundness
of those opinions tested in public debate and
tried at the ballot-box. ' .- a . ;
The edicts of the national council, however
canonical they maybe, will, be powerless to
change those opinions or to reverse the action
of the people of Indiana, a Always conserva
tive in their opinions and. actions; always
mindful vC tiro cvuijnomuMs of ilao -OoniltitJl-
tion of the United States ; . ardently devoted
to the American Union, , they will see with
regret the promulgation of a platform by this
body which can have no other effect ' than to
increase the fury of the conflagration which
the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska bill has
lighted up. , i '. . ; ; ? :.
The undersigned respectfully express their
deliberate conviction that immediately upon
the publication of the platform adopted the
order in the State of Indiana will ceaso to
acknowledge the authority of the national
council, and they respectfully ask that this
protest may be received as a termination of
their duties as delegates from that State. .
James R. M. Bryant, Godlove S. Orth, v
S. 8. Harvey, Thomas C. Slaughter,
T. D. Allen, Schuyler Colfax,
Will. Cumback. - i ' '
Fourth Dsqrss. The Boston Atlas sug
gests that the know-nothing party , needs a
fourth degree to render it perfect, under which
members shall obligate themselves not to seek
office. There would'nt be much knocking at
that ' door. It is believed that all the disap
pointed and broken down of&co-seekers of the
two old parties nave already joined the Coun
cils and they would'nt feel disposed to take
more than the third degree, which requires
members to vote for brothers of that degree
In preferenca to all other,
JUiLT'll,. 1855.
The Charge of Roman. Catholic Disloyalty.
The following paragraphs occur in the Pas
tora? Letter lately addressed by the First Ca
tholic Provincial Council of Cincinnali, to the
clergy and laity of that diocese. The docu
ment is signed-by fJohn Baptist, Archbishop
of Cincinnati, and six biehops : i ' '
To the grevous and utterly false charge of
disloyalty to this. free government, your best
answer -will be, to continue what you have
all along sought earnestly and sincerely to do
to discharge faithfully . all your, duties as
citizeis to the republic, rendering toXJfcsar
the tiings that belong to Caesar,1 without at
the sime time, forgetting to render to God
theJljDg8 that belong to God. The Catholic
religion exists and flourishes under all ..ns
of civil government ; it is the visible kingdom
of Christ on earth, which is not of this world;
it is incompatible with no well ordered form
of govennient because it interferes with none.
Its sphfcVe of action is essentially different
from, ted essentially higher than that of any
mercH human organization. Its "ends, ; its
ineanslof action, its doctrines, its sacraments
and It4 government all belong and look to the
spiritual order. It teaches man the way to
Heaveu, and seeks to wean his affections from
this eirth.. It wages war with the passions,
and it Inculcates self-denial, obedience to con
stituted authority, humility and charity.
All that the Catholio church asks of the
world.is a free passage through it to her pro
per home in the Heavens. She wishes her
ju$t rights to be protected; but if, in spite of
her remonstrances, they be violated, she has
loig snd thoroughly learned in the school of
the croh., the &ulimc lessons of patience and
of firm reliance on that God who controls the
destinies of manl'iad, and who can relieve,
who will protect her in his own good time ;
thereby verifying his own solemn promise,
that the gates ,of hell shall not prevail against
her.) Her influence is thus eminently conser
vative ; she knows no geographical bounds,
no country and mo race; she is all thi2s to
all men, to gaiu all to Christ; she directs the
attention of all to heavenly things ; and if she
be occasionally farced into conflict with world
ly passions and interests, she enters the lists
reluctantly, only in defence of her heaven
born rights and privileges She unceasingly
tells, all her children to be subject to the high
er powers, for there is no power but from
Goa, and those that are, are ordained of God;
and that therefore he that resisteth the power
resisteth the ordinances of God, and they that
reshit purchase to themselves damnation.
The Odious Juj Law.
When the I'reachers hegin to legislate, it i
time Hie people begin to Preach,' :
5he above was the inscription 1 on a banner
earned at the head of an immense delegation
to the recent Convention held at Lancaster,
against the Know-Nothing License Law.
There was much sober truth and sound sense
in the remark. When Ministers of the Gos
pel once forget, as many of them have done,
th dignity due to their stations, and leave
their pnlpits for the lodges and the legislative
balls, it in time for the people to speak out
against them. Far be it from us to say one
word against ministers of the gospel as a body,
nir would we deprive one man of his political
rights. The members of that highly honora
ble profession, in this vicinity, so far as our
knowledge extends, confine themselves strict
ly to the exercise of their political privileges
aid the discharge of their ministerial duties.
Tkey do not turn bar-room politicians nor
soil their reputations by aq active participa
tion in the political movements of the day.
But in other portions of Pennsylvania, the
case is different. In many of the Northern
and Western counties, the leaders of the
Know-Nothing lodges are Ministers of the
Gospel- ' Quite a number of this class found
their way into our State Legislature last win
ter, and this miserable liquor law, which the
people " are every where condemning, is the
invention of their diseased brains. No such
law would ever have passed, had these fanati
cal priests been left at home to mind their
own businew" instead of being allowed to turn
their attention to making laws. Ministers, as
a general thing are not fit men for legislators.
Their avocation unfits them for such - work.
They do not mingle enough with the great
mass of the people to know what the people
want. Law making is out of their line of
business. - " Der Schumacher sticke zu teia
Iceste. j -' ' ' -" '" ' ' : "
We have indeed fallen upon evil times, if
the pretensions of these impertinent and offici
ous black coata are not oVcliol. - In tLo Ks
England States, a majority of the clergy claim
it as a right to regulate the political afiairs of
the country. , Full one half of the last Mas
sachusetts Legislature was made up of such
men, and Henry Ward Beecher, the great
abolition declaimer says, every man "should
go to his preacher for his political opinions"
just as he does for his religious information.
Such doctrines suit better to the monarchial
dominions of Austria or Prussia.-than Repub
lican America. They are iinsuited to our in
stitutions. Any man who utters them will
only be regarded as a fanatic and a fool, and
laughed at by sensible people. The citizens
of every community employ a minister for a
certain purpose. His duty is to preach the
gospel not politics - If they wanted tb be in
structed on political affairs, they would no
doubt tell him so. All congregations are
composed of men entertaining every shade of
political opinions and a minister has no earth
ly right to thrust his own views upon his con
gregation." The clergymaa who docs this.
, The duty of ridding the people of this odi
ous law, now devolves on the Democrats.1 We
must send enlighted, liberal-minded men to
the next - legislature, who are unconnected
with any secret lodge, and who will honestly
and faithfully carry out the wishes of the peo
ple Eatton Argu$.
The Reform Legislature.
During the election campaign last year, it
was industriously circulated that, as the Dem
ocratic and Whig parties had become corrupt,
it was necessary a new party Ehould be formed,
which would not only reduce the expenses of
government, and consequently the taxes im
posed on the people, but enac t wholesome and
judicious laws. The Know-Nothing organi
zation was breathed into existence, and the
people by hundreds and thousands connected
reform would be effected. - The election result-
tnemselves with it under the hope tuat some
eg in the elevation of Mr. .Pollock to the gu
bernatorial chair, and a large majority of
Know-Nothings to the popular branch of the
Legislature. It i3 unnecessary to recapitulate
the acts of the Legislature. ... They are not
even entitled to the .common respect of the
peoplefniuch less approbation. And it is
universally acknowledged, such a Legislature
never before congregated in this State, and
the constant, earnest prayer of all is, that it
may never again. -
But as the people were induced to join the
Know-Nothing organization, . and under its
power elect men to the Legislature, with cor
rect notions of reform, it is but due they should
know how far economy characterized the ac
tion of their representatives. The Democratic
Legislature of 1 854; was made an especial
targt for the fire of the Know-Nothing and
Whig presses. It was pronounced corrupt
its action misconstrued, and its expenses her
alded forth to the tax-pa3'ers of the State, as
an evidence of the mort reckless extravagance.
Because that Legislature was democratic, the
democracy of course were compelled to take
the responsibility ; and as it did, so we now
deem it but fair to test its reckless extrava
gance with the one which old Father Time has
just driven out of existence.
The expenses of the Legislature of :
1854, embracing only the pay
of Senators, Members, Clerks
and officers, was .....$79,849 09
The expense of the last Legisla
ture, embracing the same items,
r.4....... .....101,627 73
Difference,....:; 22,778 64
Thus will the tax-payers of the State per
ceive that in thein effort to reform, hy elect
ing Know-Nothings to the Legislature, they
have increased the expenses of the Legislature,
22,778 C4. In this calculation we have not
included the contingent expenses postage,
printing, newspapers, &c for the reason
that the accounts have not all yet been settled.
When the correct account shall be made out,
which will not be long, it will be found at least
thirty tfumsand dollar $ of an increase. It
must alfo be remembered, that the last legis
lature was in session the exact time of the
Legislature of 1854, ttnd therefore this in
crease of expenses did not arise by length of
session.
Now, what we desire to ask the people, is
how much better have you made yourselves
by connection with the Know-Nothing organ
ization, under the hope of reform? You be
lieved that the Democratic Legislature of
1854 was a reckless, extravagant one. You
were told this, by those who desired to obtain
the offices, and who used the worst means to
induce you to believe them. Tod reposed
confidence and trust in what they said, and
went to the polls, giving your votes to men
who were deceiving you all the time. From
the above comparative statement of the expen
ses of the two Legislatures you can , readily
see how you have been duped and fooled. If
the Legislature of 1854 was an extravagant
one if it was corrupt, as you were made be
lieve it was. how much more so has been tlie
Legislature of 1 855, which increases the pub
lic expenses, so far as can at present be ascer
tained, 22,778 64? Will it be said this is
an item of no account that it is too small for
consideration? Small as it is, it nevertheless
proves that the people have gained nothing by
the change, and that in endorsing Know
Nothingism as a means of reform, they but
helped -men into power Whose only object seem
ed to be to teach succeeding Legislatures what
extravagance was. Uarritiburg Union. .
Coffee Curious History of its IJse. -Coffee
is of Asiatic origin, and brought
to the Occident by the Turks. They call it
eahveh Yemen, a province in Asia, is gen
erally considered a place where, the coffee
sprung up. Certain it is that . Arabian
herdsmen of the desert of Al-Dshesira, tp
proaching one evening tho 6hores of the
Euphrates, were the first to .discover the .en
livening power of eoffee. Worn out as they
wen, JW.& -tirAsaniA iQnroeythroiigh this
desert, they were reclining beneath a coffee
tree, and for. pastime began chewing beans.
They soon observed that t heir weariness pass
ed away, and left them fine spirited through
the night. Next evening they repeated their
pastime, and it had the same effect. They
were convinced that there was hidden and
refreshing power in the coffee beans.
It was then introduced as a kiud of rredi
cine for relaxation, for whjch purpose it was
roasted," ground, and boiled iu hot water, in
the manner we prepare coffee now. Conse
quent on the prohibition of wine drinking J,y
Mahomet, the use of coffee foou became in
extensive demand all over Arabia, Turkey,;
and Persia. From thes-j countries coffee was
introduced by the Venetians, in uieyenr l
91, into Italy, to be u-o-1 only as an enliven
ing medicine, At first they trial it with the
leaves of the coffee tree, which was however
abandoned , and they resorted to tho coffee
beans, and prepared it in the sarua manner
tlia Arabians. After a while it 1-rcame a
favorite beverage for dainty persons, and its
importations from foreign country rendered
it in the jes of the aristocracy of that period,
desirabla. . . . - . ;
From Venice, coffeftjraa introduced into
England, Franco ajid Holland5 The first
tmblic coffee-house wdwH'tl in Londou in i
the year 1C52 ; a few years after the ecoul j
VOL. 2. JNrO, 38.
appeared in Paris, and a third in Amsterdam.
Not, however, until the year 1092, was coffee
known in Germany; it Was impoited from
Holland already rpasted.: t The first , pub'io
coffee-hbu.se was establish ed i h Le.tpT' . in
the year 1720. which, no doubt, is the oldest
coffee-house in the Vsr!d,rtts it is even at the
present day a place of public amusement.
Two circumstances contributed principally
to make coffee a general beverage in Germany;
firstly, that coffee was exempted by the gov
ernment from the taxes laid on beer and winet
nd, secondly, the powers of coffee to produce
an airreeable excitement without intoxication.
These qualities made it the most agreeable
beverage to ladies and business men. The
Jews in Germany, known to be the most ac
tive merchants, became exceedingly fond of
this enlivening beverage, and also the poets.
It is a well-known Gtory that the French poet,
Rousseau, once on a visit to Voltaire, remark
ed to the latter th at coffee was a poison . Vol
taire replied, . True; but a powon which
affects the health very slowly, as I have been
drinking it for sixty years."
; The greatest opponents to coffee drinking
are the homoepathic doctors, who consider cof
fee as niofet injurious to the health. Indeed
it is; to nervous people; particularly strong
coffee ; also to dyspeptics it may prove not di
gestible ; but in the latter case its ill digestion
arises from the impure milk which is mixed
with it. . .
The French and Germans drink more black
coffee than white, and take Boon afterward
glass of pure, cool water ; and that custom ii
one which would be useful to adopt in thia
country, as in this manner coffee is not even
injurious to plethoric people, if they drink on
ly a small quantity of it.' It serves under
this condition to aid digestion and enliven the
spirits. To young people it is not bo whole
some as beer-soup, which ,is used for them in
Germany. And young ladies who, wish to
become as fleshy as the vocalist Albcoi, must
refrain from drinking coffee and had better
imitate the German in the use of beer-soup.
There is often added to eoffee roasted root,
as that of succory or carrot, for Instance,
which diminishes its flavor. Roasted beans
of cocoa, on the other hand, are most healthy
and palatable if mixed with coffee. The
Turks add different ppices, and the French
pour rum in it, bo do also the Italians and
Germans; and they uso the yolk of an egg
instead of cream, which is commendable where
there is nJ po4 milk tb be found. Particu
lar care is everywhere taken, except in thia
country, not to roast and grind ib.3 coffee be
fore it is wanted for immediate use, otherwiiO
it loses by exhalation the volatile oil which
imparts such an excellent flavor to it.
The Crcsade Extent1 isg Methodism At
tacked. We see that tho attack made by the
Know-Ncthings of New J ersey on the Meth
odist Church has extended to this State. The
New York Times gives an account of a lecture
delivered on Thursday night at Knickerbock-,
er Hall, by Mr. John Auincy Adams, the ob
ject of which avowedly was to prove the iden
tity of the internal policy of Episcopal Meth
odism with that of the Roman Catholic Eystenl
besides which, the lecturer contended, the
principles of church government adopted by
that body of Protestants were opposed to A
mericaniim. The argument of the speaker -was
enllrcly one "of critical reference to the .
internal constitution of Episcopal Methodism,
which he denounced as a system framed for
the especial and exclusive benefit of self con
stituted and authoritative priests. He affirmed
that it placed powers in the hands of the
' preachers ;" any member, however innocent
of moral criminality, being liable to expulsion,
if the offender object to any feature limiting
the prerogatives., of the priesthood. These
positions the lecturer endeavored to substan
tiate from an examination of the fundamental -constitution
of Episcopal Methodism. Albany
Atlas.
ArsTRii. Tho position of Austria, at least, is '
both unpleasant and precarious. She is standing
on tho brink of a precipice, and one false step
may precipitate her and her fortunes forever, and .,
it is difficult to perceive any escape from the ne
cessity of taking that fatal step in advance. She
is surrounded on every side by eager and watch
ful enemies actually ringed with Cre and where
ever her eyes are turned they encounter ablor
rence, hatred or contempt. The people of En
gland, her uoniiniil allies, despite her and her
government; and murmur audibly against the "
Ministry which, condescends to accept her assis
tance. TIio people of France regard her as a ho-
reditary fiie, whone pretentions must he suppress- "
cd in blood, nnd bide tb'jr time in silent dctwla- '
tion, fr the day of battle and retribution. The
Czar of Riivsii. hns complete control over Sclavie
Bubjccts, and he who once saved her crown can '
fling It linilC the " fi-rt of ber insurgent rT
Louis Napol'ion, ou the contrary, can slip Italy ''
on Ler flanks in a mnirent, for it is evident that '
the survivors of ' 48, and their friends, are year- '
n:ng for a ban-dog leap at her throat. Ifehe''
side with Russia, she' is ttruck by the Italian sti-
letto; if she join France, she is Rtmng!ed by her '
Sciaric subjects, who own n o viceregent of God
on earth but the terrible Czar. So th old, hag
gard, blood-stained nationality stands to-dny i
ringed as we have said, by , fire. Exchange ro
per. r TnE Nkw CtTT oJ Leavbxworth Ijoaven
worth City, Kansas Territory, haring beeom
the starting point of the Salt Lake traders, it
doing a thriving business. Such is the quan
tity of eood riSg tLrough the place, that '
. f 1- 14 -?J -;
in tne space OI one went r , waa paiu
for freight on goods landed there. At the laat
dates, a train of fix hundred wagons Iadca
with government stores, was about to Ptart for -the
Salt Lake," the draught cattle of whick
train would v. 5 bcr four thousand oxen, be
sides several hundred horses and mules. Sev
eral of the Salt Lake trading firms have sent
off twelve hundred wagous, a like number of -teamsters,
and over ten thousand draught
caule. , . - - .
" EZT A man recently died at Stamford,
Con . lAarine fir children, all of whom were
born after he nas 70 years of ago.