A
it
.7
WW
'WE CO WHERE DEMOCRATIC PRINCIPLES POINT THE WAV J WHEN THEY CEASE TO LEAD, WE CEASE TO FOLLOW."
BV ANDREW J. IUltiY.
EBENSBURG, THURSDAY, APRIL 17, 1851.
VOL. 7. NO. 27.
II II III
V
MISCELLANEOUS,
From the Richmond Enquirer.
THE NEGRO RACE.
In the able and learned lectures of Mr.
Gliddoit, our attention was particularly
txcited by his accounts of the antiquities
in the Egyptian province of Meroe; be
cause those antiquities constitute flie most
striking illustrations of negro civilization
which history and archeology can pro
duce. Meroe was a country on the Nile
above Egypt. When the last named and
most famous seat of ancient civilization
was overrun by Cambyses and tho other
cruel conquerors, a portion of the inhabi
tants retreated up the river and etablished
themselves in Meroe. Hither they trans
ported their old forms of government and
of worship, their old arts and theiraniique
customs. They built temples and exca
vated tombs; they erected obelisks; they
covered them with inscriptions in their
hieroglyphic alphabet, and the inscrip
tions and sculptures which date with the
first generations of this colony, are found
to be as perfect as those of the Lower
Nile. But the colony was cut oil' from
the body of the nation by intervening de
serts and fierce nomads. The number of
emigrants was never increased from the
old race. Necessarily, the men were in
a great disproportion to the women and
they were forced to take their wives and
concubines Irom the captives whiuh they
made in their wars with the surrounding
and barbarous tribes. Now, the Egyp
tians were white men, but these tribes
were negroes. Hence the second genera
tion of the Meroits were mulattoes. The
proctss of amalgamation continued. They
formed harems from their sable captives,
and by their sable purchases; so that the
third generation were Samboes. The
next were still nearer the negro type; and
the work proceeded until all traces of Cir
cassian blood disappeared, and Meroe was
inhabited by a pure black race like that of
the vast regions on its boundaries.
The interesting circumstance connected
with these facts, is the continued deterior
ation in the sculptural remains of the
country, and their final cessation with the
disappearance of the white blood. The
inscriptions and portraits of the original
emigrants as before said, are equal to those
of the Old Empire. Hut in those of their
mulatto children, there is a great differ
ence. The sculpture is clumsy; the in
scriptions in bad grammar and worse
orthography. The next arc inferior even
to these; and in the succeeding generation
it becomes evident that they had wholly
lost the language, and no longer under
stood what they wrote. The inscriptions
are nothing more than miserable copies
from the earlier works; so that on a tomb
which is evidently of a late date, will be
found a badly executed copy of the in
scription on the tomb of its owner's great
grandfather even the date and name be
ing unaltered. After that, they lost even
the power of intelligible imitation, and a
few scrawl on uncarved rocks are the la
test remains that are found. The Meroe
ites then cease to be Egyptians even in
name and tradition. They have forgot
ten language, government, religion and
arts. They have no buildings, and no
enduring tombs. The province is no
longer distinguished from the country.
The race has relapsed into absolute negro
barbarism.
This illustration of their incapacity, not
merely to obtain civilization, but even to
retain it when given them, is a type of
the universal history of the negro race.
The world has their history in its hands
for a space of nearly five thousand years.
Negroes appear on the sculptures of old
Egypt. But in that mulxitudious country,
they were utterly valuless. The Egyp
tians considered them too stupid to be
worth teaching even agricultural drudgery;
and we only see their figures when led as
captives in the triumph of some belliger
ent Pharaoh. From that day until this,
the negro has never appeared save in
thre.e forms of existence; Captivity, Bar
barism, or Slavery. The last is the high
est form of social life of which experience
at least, permits us to suppose him capa
ble. Circumstances would never have kept
down any race for five thousand years,
on'Trf.ff rl9iS int c"
timp barbarians'- K,r.lle races liave "een ,n
time Daroanans, but an 1,0 w-.n..i., h ve
m time left it, and attained their natural
grades of civilization. But the ncro has
never left the lowest type of barbarianism
aave for captivity or slaery. jn lne vast
continent of Africa they have always ex
isted in millions, with no chenmstances
to depress them. But there, we never
hear of them save as cannibal savages.
No such thing as a Hegro government has
ver existed jn Africa. Petty kingdoms
habanddo exist there, some with so
ealled cities like Timbuctoo. But the
tare-breeched ruleis in air these kingdoms
are Moors or Fellahs a branch of the
Arab family; and the people of Timbuc
too are Arabs and Felhhs. The Repub
lic of liberia can scarcely be called an ex
ception, since it is watched and guided
by the Colonization Society, supported
on all sides by England and other govern
ments, is reinforced every year from the
United States, and is governed by mulat
toes. Even with all this assistance it is
evidently falling to pieces in the growing
barbarism of the people. Dr. Mechlin",
who lived in Liberia five jears, and for
part of that time was Governor of the col
ony, has declared the experiment to be a
failure and died in Mobile with the dec
laration that he saw no hope of ever ren
dering the negro race fit for self-government.
On tills continent they have re
ceived the most signal trial- In Hay ti
they achieved their freedom by the mid
night murder of their masters. They
were protected by civilized States. They
possessed the richest Island on the globe,
wiin me ricnesi commerce at their doors.
The result is very notorious. Famine
ravages often that fertile land. Petty, but
hideous wars occupy its sections. The
only government which subsists is that of
a bloody and stupid beast who is emperor
over one corner of the Island. Oft" from
the seaports the people have lost arts, re
ligion, industry, decency have relapsed
into absolute cannibalism. Dr. Nott stares
on the authority of an eye-witness, that
on two occasions, while travelling in
Hayti, he saw the negroes roasting and
eating their Dominican prisoners by the
road side.
In the free States of this country, the
negro race can reach every advantage
which the white possesses. A large por
tion of them are educated. But where
have they evinced capacity to make use
of our civilization? Where have their
best classes achieved a higher destiny than
that of tavern waiters? Where have their
masses risen above the very lowest level
of the worst population? Where has any
individual ever attained, not to say dis
tinction, but even respectability, in any
profession? In England, many negroes
who were supposed to exhibit talent when
children, 'have been subjected to a hot bed
process of culture, and two or three of
these have been brought up to the mark
of writing verses. These have been col
lected in a volume; and Bishop Gregorie
of Blois, has written a stupid book to
prove therefrom the intellectual equality of
the race. But any one who will take the
trouble to read these verses will find them
for the most part, a doggerel too poor to
be called verse at all; and whenever a
copy occurs of sufficient merit for the
poet's corner of the smallest kind of coun
try newspaper, its author is sure to turn
1
up a muiauo or quadroon when the ac
companying biographies are referred to.
By the history of the negro race, it is
therefore incontrovertibly proven that thev
are utterly incapable of civilization or de
velopement beyond the point of slavery.
When ihe starved barbarian is taken from
the wilds of Africa, clothed well, fed well,
and associated with the whites, he quickly
acquires a certain degree of health, strength
and intelligence. He will quickly ape
the white. But there his developement
ceases. Beyond that in no instance, has
he ever gone. Without amalgamation
with the white race, he remains where he
began, and sinks so soon as the superior
influence is withdrawn.
These phenomena are peculiar to the
black race. None of the diversified fam
ilies of the white race exhibit them. To
which one of the white races could the
advantages be given which lie before the
negroes of the Unitad States, without an
immediate assertion and proof of its talent
and its intellectual superiority, in hundiedo
and hundreds of instances? All the white
races have been civilized and developed
in time, and where circumstances have
thrown them back in barbarism, they all
exhibit capacity for civilization again.
But the exact contrary is the characteris
tic of the negro.
What deduction is to be drawn from
the fact? The plain and inevitable de
duction is this: That the negro is a to
tally distinct and inferior animal or spe
cies of animal from the Caucasian; that
the negro is the connecting link between
man and the brute creation; that the negro
is intended by nature for a similar depen
dance upon the Causasian man, in which
only the ox, the ass, and the horse, fulfil
the intent of their creation; that the negro
race is the result ol a different act of the
Creator from that which originated the
Caucasian,- and is consequently beyond
the scope of those abstract axioms of the
white race which declare that all men
have equal rights.
GPThe sword worn by Napoleon at
Merango has been bought by the Czar
for fifty thousand roubles, (thirty two
thousand dollars.") The buvernlrendv lias
a large collection of the relics of the great
soldier. j
THE COUNTRY PRESS.
Few of our readers, we apprehend, are
in the habit of reflecting seriously on the
moral, social, and political influences ex
ercised by the conductors of the country
press. They are aware, it .is true, that
almost every village and hamlet within
the extended borders of our free and hap
py country has within itself one of those
potent levers, and ffenerallv under the
guidance of a single individual, who is
often impelled to the performance of his
duties more by the regard he entertains
for his profession than by the encourage
ment or the rewards that are bestowed.
But they do not always fairly appreciate
the control which that single individual
holds over the opinions, and over the
passions and the prejudices of whole com
munities. They do not at all times fully
recognize the importance of those rays of
light and intelligence which emanate even
from the most unpretending of the co
workers and laborers in the wide field of
letters, because it is not in their power to
trace out, at one view, their effects upon
the minds of numerous persons. When,
however, they look abroad, and contrast
the intellectual, social, moral, and religious,
condition of the citizens of this entire re
public, with the enslaved, ignorant, and
degraded condition of the people of almost
every other country on the face of the
globe, they will not, they cannot hesitate
to do justice to those who,by their eflbrts,
have done so much in preserving within
the bosoms of our people the pure spirit
of liberty, and in establishing and main
taining that regard for individual rights, j
and that implicit obedience to the laws, j
which lorm the true foundations of our
national superstructure.
It is in this view, if we would estimate
them at all, that we must consider the po
tent influences of the country press. And, j
inns estimated, Avho then has an interest
in the progress of intelligence, and in the
preservation of constitutional liberty, will
deny to the press in their . immediate cir
cle, that support which can alone enhance
its usefulness and extend those influences
for good? How frequently are we pain
ed and mortified by the perusal of appeals
made throngh the columns of prudently
and ably conducted papers, for the means
of continuing labors which have for years
been almost gratuitously performed for
the benefit of the public! It is snd, in
deed, to see men of genius, and men of
industry and perseverance, in such a di
lemma as this their pride of profession
subdued; their intellectual energies yield
ing under the pressure of neglect; their
generous hopes, and their warm ambition
to be useful and honorable, destroyed by
political malice or sect.iri. nrpi'mi;!
I Such Wrongs. We fr;ir nr tnn nf'tn;nfl,n
ted upon the conductors of the country
press, notwithstanding the professions of
liberality we hear on every hand, and not
withstanding the universally acknowledged
importance of sustaining, in the midst of
every community, an independent news
paper. We may say, indeed, that we
know, personally, several such cases as
are here referred to; but we hope that they
are all that ever have occurred or ever
will occur.
As, however, nearly all the country
papers that come under our observation
and they number some fifteen hundred,
hailing from every quarter of the Union
are conducted with a view to the in
struction and the advancement of the fam
ily circle in morality, literature, and sci
ence; and, at the same time, present a
synopsis of the stirring events of the times
in which we live, we cannot imagine how
any judicious parent can withhold his
eupport from euch publications, struggling
in his own vicinity, and, at the same time,
bestow his patronage on papers from a
distant State or city. If it js true that
charity begins at home, our country
friends are bound to support their country
press first, and then, according to their
means and the generosity of their dispo
sitions, to extend their charity abroad, and
render it as diffusive as possible. We
have lately witnessed, in the rejuvenated
and cheerful appearance of many of our
old and valued country friends, the most
gratifying evidences of the "march of im
provement," as well as of the favorable
estimate placed on their characters and
services by their immediate neighbors.
This speaks well for proprietors and pa
trons; and wc hope to see these evidences
of mutual confidence and of public spirit
increase an hundredfold, until all our ex
changes shall look as bright as a gold
dollar.
In conclusion, we do not believe that
any well-conducted "eastern publication"
entertains any other opinions, or would
suggest any advice that would not fully
accord with the sentiments here expressed.
If there arc any who do not agree with
us, we are happy to say we arc not on
the list of their confidential friends.
Godcy's Ladtfs Book.
The. editor of the York Republican,
haying no doubt taken lessons from an
Allegheny county judge, says, although
Pennsylvania has withdrawn her iocofo
co Sturgeon, New York has sent a whio
Fish to supply his place. It is only fair
that the tenants of the water should 'have
a Sena-ibr,' while the earth, has its ", Clay
and Downs the trees' their Underwood
the beasts their Badgerihe storms
their Hale the sun its Bright-ncss the
soldiers their Shields the mechanics their
Cooper and Mason men their Foote and
Soule sportsmen their Hunter and Chase
churches their Bell manufacturers their
Miller servants a Butler flour a Busk
monarchs a King tricksters their Dod
ges, and the man's wife who went to
Cousin Sally Dilliard's party her Jfade.
The birds have no Senator, unless it be
Daw-son -as for the progressives they
have a JValker.
JTio Filled Tecumseh? At a recent
meeting of the New York Historical So
ciety, as we learn from the New York
Commercial Advertiser, Major Richard
son, formerly an officer in the British ar
my, read a paper on the "incidents of the
war of 1812, embracing particulars con
nected with the death of Tecumseh."
The Commercial Advertiser says:
"Major R. having been an eve-witness
of the most of the matters described, and
a personal friend of the great warrior, his
narrative was of more than ordinary inter
est, and commanded almost breathless at
tention throughout. He related many
instances of generosity and chivalrous gal
lantry on the part of the Indian chief
which would have done no discredit to the
knights of feudal times. In relation to the
manner of his death, Major R. is of opin
ion that he fell by the hand of Col. John
ston. Such, he says, was the universal
understanding on the night of the battle,
when all the circumstances were fresh in
in the minds of the witnesses, and he sees
no reason to dispute the fact at this late
day. The question, "Who killed Te
cumseh?" may therefore be considered
settled."
Major Richardson is known to the read
ing public as the author of "Wacousta,"
"Ecarte," and other novels.
Terrible Scenes in New Mexico.
Horrible Atrocities. Maj. Bartlett, com
missary of the boundary commission, ar
rived lately at New Orleans, and commu
nicated to the Picayune the following
fearful narrative :
"Maj. B's. party, when about 224 miles
this side of El Passo, discovered a smoke
at some distance. They sent out a party
to reconnoitre, and discovered a negro man
and woman in the act of cooking food,
and, on further search, the head of a ne
gro was found in the fire. They said they
had been compelled to kill one of their
companions for food. They had been
nine days out, their gun had burst, and
they were in a state of starvation. The
account they gave of themselves was this :
they were all slaves of a man named Ow
ens, near Holly Springs, Mississippi, and
had run away together last corn-planting,
making for Mexico. The boy killed was
about 19 years of age, named Arthur; the
other is a black, aged from twenty-seven
to thirty, calling himself Henry; the girl,
a bright mullatto, about twenty-one, named
Malinda.
"These last two were taken to San An
tonio, and left in custody of one Antonio
Navano.
"Major Bartlett brings accounts of some
horiible scenes of disorder, riot, murder
and execution which tojk place at Socorro
about the closing1 day of January. It
seems that bands of armed ruffians dis
charged teamsters and soldiers, and fron
tier desperadoes had been over-awing
the quiet inhabitants of Socorro, by para
ding the streets armed and committing all
manners of lawless acts.; They robbed
and killed openly, without any provocation
or remorse. Instances are given of their
seizing an unoffending man, taking away
his gun, and killing him with it, without
the shadow of a cause, and brutally beat
ing the women. Through the 28th and
29th of January they ranged like wild
beasts, committing all sorts of crimes,
when a party of the citizens sent an ex
press to the United States troops at San
Elezurio, about six miles off, asking for
protection, which was declined, and the
applicants referred to the civil power.
"On the night of the 29th a most auda
cious outrage was committed. The robber
band, seeking a man named Clark, (E. C.
Clark, said to be the son of J. W. Clark,
United States Senator from Rhode Island,)
went to the fandango or dancing party
where he was, and maltreated the whole
party of males and females. They placed
sentinels at the entrance, and fired oil" pis
tols at the candles, and otherwise terrified
the women, threatening death to man or
woman who should stir; and finally the
leader, one Alexander Young, assisted by
three others John Wade, Marcus Butler
and William Craig fell upon Clark, and
gave him nine or ten mortal wounds
Another man named Charles Gates was
badly shot. Next morning some members
of the boundary commission who were
present in town resolved to arrest the
murderers at ell hazards and sent an ex
press to the main body of the commission
at San Elezario for help. In three hours
a large party of Americans and Mexicans
arrived, in such force as to be enabled to
search for and seize eight or ten of the
worst, including Wade, Butler and Craig.
Young, the ring-leader, escaped.
"These men were brought before Judge
Berlhold on the 30th January, examined
and committed, and tho next day they
were tried by jury, and sentenced to be
hung within one hour; and notwithstand
ing the threats and preparations of their
association, the sentence was enforced,
and they were hung up to the branches of
a tree on Friday morning. The bodies of
the murderers were buried, and at 2 p. m.,
that of the murdered Clark was also bu
ried. "A large reward ($100) was ofTcred for
the arrest of Young. He was arrested on
the 1 0th brought to Socorro on ;he 11th.
He made full confession of his crime, but
was nevertheless put on trial on the 12lh.
His own written confession, which he re
peated and signed, was added to the other
testimony. He was found guilty, con
demned, and executed on the same tree
where his companions had been hung.
"Major Bartlett repeats that since these
examples Socorro has been perfectly quiet
and orderly."
Judicial Nominations.
No ticket ever presented to the peopla
ought more strictly to denote the lines of
party, than the next State Judicial ticket.
The Supreme Court is a part of our Gov
ernment, and an essential and influential
part of it. The Legislature has been at
times in the hands of our adversaries; but I
never the Supreme Court. If we look at
the history of" Whig Legislatures, we may
form some idea of what a Whig Supreme
Court would be. The Democratic ma
jority will be large for the Governor; and,
we believe,as large for the Supreme Court.
Any Democrat in the State who could so i
far forget the great interests of the Com
monwealth and of the Part', as to be be- 1
trayed into the support of schemes, if such j
there be on foot, to put forth a mulatto j
ticket, (an admixture of both parties,) will (
never cease to regret his mistake. It will j
be of no use for Democratic Legislatures
to enact good laws, if a Whig Supreme '
Court is to mould them by construction.
We feel it to be our duty, thus early, to
urge upon all our Democratic editorial
brethren throughout the Slate, to take
strong and manly ground upon this most j
important question. If by any chance, '
or mischance, a Supreme Court should be j
elected, composed entirely of Whigs, or
what is worse, partly of Whigs and partly j
of tishv Democrats, it will require three
triennial contests nine years to gain
what we would throw away.
Pcnn sylvan ian .
Arrest for Mail Robbery. Colonel
Ottinger, the active U. S. Post Office
agent, last week arrested William King,
at Franklin, Venango county, under charge
of robbing the mail. King W3S deputy
under Larkin Turner, a former Postmaster
at Brownington P. O. Butler county, Pa.
The charge was, for purloining money
from the mail about a year ago. After his
arrest, he procured a habeas corpus, and
had a hearing before Judge Plumnjer, by
whom he was remanded. This arrest will
probably lead to that of others, as a gang
of depredators on the mail have existed in
that direction, for some time, who have
been exercising the vigilance of the Post
Office agents.
No cause from the direction of Union
town, has we believe yet turned up for
the May term. American.
The Fugitives ix Canada. Our Can
adian neighbors are beginning to be gorged
by the influx of fugitive slaves among
them and some of the people arc becom
ing restless and disgusted vith. the sudden
and overwhelming irruptions of such a
homogeneous kind of population. A re
cent Toronto paper states that he has "re
ceived a letter fiom Chatham, complaining
that the country in that vicinity is being
inundated with negroes from the United
States; that lhey.are allowed, equally with
the white population, the right to vote, to
be elected to office, and to sit as jurors.
The writer complains that one fourth of
the votes at the late municipal chictions,
were polled by negroes; and that as Lord
John Russel iutiniated in a late speech,
that as the circumstauees of Colonics are
different, and require different constitu
tions, so provision should be made to de
prive the colored race of the rights cn
joyod by the white population of Canada."
The same writer made the following
significant suggestions: 3
"Might not a further influx of negroes
be prevented, and reciprocal free trade ob
tained, by our agreeing to give up Fugitive
Slaves!" ,
So it seems, after all that this boasted
British love of liberty and equality, and
philanthropy, are.-ready to be exchanged
for free trade in cotton and bread stuffs.
And we should not be surprised if this
should be the ultimate result of inundating
the Canada3 with fugitive negroes. The
white population will soon become cured
of their theoretical philanthropy, when
they find themselves equalled or likely to
be out-numbered by a race whose nature,
habits, and character are so little con genial
to their own. Their love of the negro
will vanish with thaf'distance wh!ci gives
enchantment to the view." Iiodiester
Advertiser.
A letter to the North American, from
London, says:
The U. S. frigate St. Lawrence wa
towed into the Southampton docks last
Saturday. Her cargo was entirely dis
charged on Tuesday last, and placed in a
warehouse, where each package was
weighed and the seal of the Customs at
tached, after which the whole were for
warded to London by the South-western
railway. The goods were taken from tho
station in vans, over Waterloo bridge,
through the Strand to Hyde Parke.
It is stated that the monster block of
zinc ore from New Jersey attracted treat
attention at Southampton. Seventy "men
were employed thirty minutes in raising
it from the hold of the frigate and landiug
it on the quay. It was lifted by a capstan,
worked by fifty-two men, and the scene
is described as a curious sight. "The
tramping of the men round the c3pst.u1,
the music of a marine fifer, the creaking
of the tackle, the hoarse bawljngs, and
sounds of the silver whistles of the boat
swain and his mates, in giving orders
while the gigantic lump was imperceptibly
rising from the hold of the ship, were very
singular."
One of the greatest curiosities among
the American contributions is an air ex
hausted coffin, which will, it is said, pre
serve the human body for many years.
This coffin contains a beautiful boquet ot
natural flowers, which appeared as fresh
as if the flowers had only just been gath
ered. Mineral W'ealth of Pennsylvania.
From authentic statistics of the mineral
wealth of Pennsylvania, it appears siie
possesses 504 iron works in the whole
State, the capital of which, in land-, build
ings and machinery, amounts to twentv
and a half millions of dollars, not inclu
ding in the estimate any of the mining
capital daily employed; and that these
504 works furnish employment to 30,100
men, and 13,552 horses exclusive of coal
lands, farms, grist and saw mills, and
dwellings for workmen. The ore is bo't
of the larmcrs in the vicinity, who dig it
011 their farms and haul it to the furnaces
in the winter, when out t agricultural
occupation.
The value of these ors banks and the
labor spent on them forms another distinct
item of value. Forty-five counties ia the
State contain iron works; of the seventeen
that have no furnaces, nine contain abun
dance of ore and coal; but have been neg
lected, owing to the want of good reads
to a market. Eight counties only are not
suited to the manufacture of iron. In
1847, these works consumed 493,000 tons
Anthracite coal, 1,007,600 bushels bitu
minous, snd 1,490,252 cords of wood
the total of which was $5,000,000. Penn
sylvania has no nobler title than that of
the "Iron State."
Has a State a right to stci:p:: .' t
a question which is just now very ablv
discussed in some of the Southern paper.
The Virginia Resolutions of 1798 have
been supposed to favor such doctrines,
but we are told that "it will appear from
Mr. Madison's papers, now iu the pos
session of the Government, but as vci
unpublished, that Mr. Mad.son himself
did not so consider them." Among the
papers referred to, it is said", are several
very able essays in strong opposition to
the nullification and secession principles
that have prevailed in South Carolina,
and which have been advoc.ueJ to a con
siderable extent in other State.
!3?Carbonda!e, in this State, has becu
made a City and has elected a May or, it.
CsTIt is reported at Rome, that a lan:
number of valuable MSS., relating to the
early history of America, have been found
in one of the Monasteries of the Domini
can Friars.
FSmilh O'Brien has accepted a ticket
allowing him six month's absence.