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' ' " "WE OO WHERE DEMOCRATIC PRINCIPLES POINT THE WAY; WHEN THEY CEASE TO LEAD, WE CEASE TO FOLLOW."
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BY JOHN G. GIVEN. EBENSBURG, THURSDAY, JANUARY 3, 1850. VOL. C NO. 13.
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'T'' " ' " " -tfT...1 rrTT-n M n W,WJW
MISOELL ANE O XJ S
The Brothers Montcsquiou, and the Homicides at
St. Lonis.
The deplorable and almost incompre
hensible event which produced so much
sensation in the public mind at St. Louis a
few weeks ago, and so much grief in sev
eral families, seems to have excited equal
sensation and grief in France. The last
steamer brings oilt from Mr. Rives, our
minister at Paris, a letter of his own to
Senator-Benton, with many letters and
official, documents from himself and others
to Senator Benton, Senator Cass, and the
lion. Hr. Winthrop, on the subject of this
most melancholy occurrence. These let
ters make known the fact that the father of
these young gentlemen (the late Count
Montcsquiou) labored under insanity, and
destroyed his own life two years ago, and
that their elder brother isj now insane in
Paris; and hence raise the irresistible
inference that inherited insanity must
have broken out in the two brothers at St.
Louis.
All the letters speak of them in the
same terms, as being remarkable for the
amiability of their characters and their
"mild and inoffensive manners;" that they
came to the Uhited States for information
recreation, and especially to see the west
ern country, and with ample means and
credit. They descend from a family in
France, not only of great historic name,
but distinguished for privete virtues. The
celebrated Duke de la Rochefoucauld
Liancourt, author of the "Maxims," is
their grandfather on the mother's side; the
present Duke de la Rochefoucauld writes
in theirbehalf as his nephews. TheGen.
Oudinot (Duke) of Reggio, and General
Arrighi, (Duke) of Padua, also write in
their behalf as relations. The Count
Montesquiou himself belonged to the dis
tinguished and amiable family of that
name. Many Americans in Paris, among
them Mr. Wm. II. Aspinwali, of New
York, also write, and with all the deep
feeling which" the view of the agonized
condition of the unhappy mother and re
lations so naturally inspires. These let
ters and official attestations are all forwar
ded to St. Louis, to have their effect in
explaining a trarsaction which seemed to
be incomprehensible.
We believe the trial has not yet taken
place at St. Louis. These papers will
show it to be a deplorable case of inherited
insanity, breaking out in a strange land
and leading to a most calamitous event.
A calm and unprejudiced trial is assured
by the character of our population, and by
the particular conduct of the inhabitants of
St. Louis at e time of the dreadful oc
currence, and where the circumstances
were so exciting. Two amiable young
me.i killed, two others wounded, all in
their own rooms, by strangers just arrived
and between whom and themselves, not
even a look had ever exchanged; the crow
ded hotel and the neighborhood raised by
the loud report of the firearms, and rush
ing to the ghastly scene; yet the arrests
were made without violence, the unhappy
strangers conducted to prison without harm
and, upon some fear of an attempt on the
prison, conducted to the military barracks
fifteen miles distant, and there militarily
guarded and protected. This was honor
able to the population and to the character
of the hotel, Barnum's, one of the most
respectable in America, and whose pro
prietor was the uncle of one of the young
men killed. This calmness, moderation,
and regard to justice and decorum at the
moment of the catastrophe, give assurance
of an unprejudiced trial at the time it shall
take place, and that these unfortunate
young men will be delt with precisely as if
tney were our uwa tuiiciw. iimnut
Intelligencer.
A Touching Incident.
Many beautiful and eloqueut incidents
took place during the sojourn of the Hun
garian refugees in New York, but the fol
lowing, which occurred on Monday mor
ning last, is among the most touching ev
idences of fraternal devotion which we
have ever read:.
Among the vast crowds who thronged
to pay their respects to the illustrious
Hungarians, were three sturdy Germans,
evidently workingmen. They were in
troduced, and remained some time in con
versation with Gov. Ujhaza and family.
Finally two of them withdrew and left
the third, who continued to talk, but
seemed to have something to say which
he could not easily get out. At last ad
dressing Mile. Clara the daughter of Mr.
Ujhaza, he said that exiles, who were
remote from country and friends, and
whose property had been confiscated in
consequence of their devotion to freedom
and the people's rights, they must be in
an embarrassed condition. Then draw
ing from his pocket a bank note, he said:
"Fraulcin, this is but little fori am a poor
man, and have onlv what I cam, but I
could not refrain from giving: the tribute
of my mite to you. Receive this I beg
you ns the heart offering of a workman to
the defenders of liberty."
M'lle Ujhazy who had not expected
any thing of this kind; and was rather
embarrassed, replied in tone of emotion
that she was deeply grateful for such kind
ness, but that they were not in a condition
to ask it, when her father said: "Take it,
my daughter, and feel thyself and us all
more honored than if a monarch had be
stowed millions upon thee!" at the same
time warmly pressing the hand of the
noble laborer, and assuring him that they
could not forget him. The effect of this
incident may be better conceived than
described. There was not a dry eye in
the room; while every heart beat a res
ponse to the sympathy of the noble Ger
man laborers. Such evidences of devo
tion speak more eloquently than the
achievements of heroes on bloody fields;
and liberty cannot long be withheld from
a people who display such glorious attri
butes of heart and mind. Pennsylva
nian. HungaryState of the Conntry.
The Tribune translates from the cor
respondence of the Kolnische Zeitung the
following letter dated Nov. 19:
The unfavorable result of the Pesth
fair has destroyed the last hopes of the
merchants and working men, and losses
will be incurred by all who deal with
Hungary and especially by the Vienna
houses which must produce serious con
sequences. The people with the best
inclinations, cannot pay, since they have
lost a great deal of their money by the
executions of Winndischgratz and Hay
nau, and the plunder of individual sol
diers. The Jews of the small city of
Raab alone have been forced to pay 200,
000 florins, and in geueral the whole race
of Israel has suffered beyond measure.
Landed property in Hungary was for
merly cheap, it is now almost given away
merely to escape taxation, and because
there are no means of the minute cultiva
tion which is necessary for a crop. Nea
the Neusiedler Sea, grow the fine grapes
of Ruster and Odenberg. A farmer in
Odenberg, when I was there, offered his
vineyard for 20 florins an acre, but could
not find a purchaser. In the most bloom
ing district of Hungary the vinecovered
soil is of no higher price than the primi
tive American foresl. Between Gongo
and Raab, three places are pointed out on
the map three heaps of ruins, where there
is not a single house to show the spot.
The inhabitants who barely escaped with
their lives, hitherto found shelter of some
sort, but the severe weather which has
prevailed for several days drives them
forth again to seek a better protection.
The appearance of these unfortunates
strongly reminds me of the scenes of Irish
wretchedness. They are only old men,
women and children. .The youths and
men have either fallen in battle or have
been presed as soldiers. It is a part of
the leorganization of Haynau to place in
uniform the few powerful hands who could
again cultivate the land to some extent'and
support their families "in order," as they
say, "that the spirit of insurrection may
disappear from this generation." Cer
tainly the best means of doing this is to
make the whole generation disappear.
And yet I am told that it appears well here
in comparison with the northern borders
of the Carpathians, and especially with
Southern Hungary, in the districts from
Arad and Ternesvar, to the Platten Sea.
Regions of several square miles in extent
are deserts; the population has generally
died out, and if it were possible to take a
census, the deficit would cause the great
est astonishment. If it is not possible to
snd off large detachments of emigrants,
and with sufficient pecuniary means the
population will diminish every year, swept
off by disease and misery.
The California Acquisition.
The London Chronicle refers to the
case with which the adventurers from the
United States) have constructed a State
government. It says an American emigra
tion carries along with it the seeds of its
national institutions, which begin to ger
minate as soon as ever it has found a
parmanenl resting-place in a new soil It
contrasts this with the trouble experienced
in the British Colonies and the difficulty
that British statesmen experience to work
out a satisfactory system. On the expan
sion of the Union it adds
"Experience only can convince us that
the world is destined to see, tor any
lengthened period of time, the unprece
dented spectacle of a united Federal State
we will not say embracing the whole
North American continent, but stretching
from the banks of the St. Lawrence and
the Columbia to the head of the Califor
nia Gulf. Time must show whether the
railroad and the telegraph, which, have
already done wonders in linking the Wes
tern States to the Atlantic sea-board, will
be able permanently to bend together the
far-extended limbs of so colossal an empire.
California will not be "tapped" quite so
easily as the Mississippi valley The Pa
cific affords her a ready outlet on the west,
and her highways of communication with
the Old World will be cut, n6t across the
Rocky Mountains, but over the Isthmus
of Panama. With her facetothe West,
and her back to the American continent,
she seems destined to be the centre of a
new commonwealth, or group of common
wealths, on the shores of the further
ocean."
From tbe Republic.
English and French Intervention in behalf of
the Hungarians.
We copy below an article from the
New York Express, in which the opin
ion is expressed that the late movement of
England and France in favor of the Hun
garian refugees in Turkey was a feint,
intended to appease the popular feeling at
home. We do not endorse this opinion
fully, although we are constrained to ad
mit there is some reason for it, especially
as the French Government was supposed
to give a hesitatingassent to the move
ment of the combined fleets, and never
promulgated its ulterior policy with re
spect to the Hungarians and the Porte:
The London Chronicle, remarking on
the fact that Kossuth is still a prisoner in
Turkey , follows up with the language
which we here quote:
"One day Drings us the intelligence that
Russia has conceded the question of the
Sultan's right to protect them; another,
that she insists on the perpetual consign
ment to a military prison. One day we
are assured that the Czar will consent to
nothing but this; the next, that he will
have them driven out of the Sultan's terri
tories. Now we are told that the Porte
will listen to no terms but such as are con
sistent with the highest honor; another,
that he is treating his unhappy captives
with a severity and indignity that are de
spicable. This mail brings us word that
the Divan is rejoicing in the assurances of
England's countenance and promise of
active aid; the next, that Prince Demidoff
has arrived in Constantinople, and is sow
ing jealousies between the ambassadors of
England and France. Meantime and
all this time one thing only remains
certain, that Kossuth and his brave com.'
rades continue prisoners. The people
of England should look to this. It is plain
that the re is something wrong at the bot
tom. With the prompt declaration of
hospitality and protection on the part of
the Sultan, with the prompt assurances of
the sympathy and support of England and
France, there should, as a natural result,
have been as prompt a liberation of the
prisoners.
"Kossuth ought, ere this, if there were
no domination on the part of the Czar, no
cringing fear or treachery on the part of
the Sultan, to have been in London, in
the midst of a free,a sympathizing, and
admiring people."
No doubt of it! Public sentiment has
been "hushed up" pretty effectually by
the imposing display of a combined French
and English fleet in the Dardanelles. We
undertook to show a while ago, when the
press was exhausting its enconiums upon
these two Powers, for what was believed
to be real and not stimulated sympathy
for the Hungarian prisoners, that neither
Lord Palmerston nor Louis Napoleon
cared a fig for Kossuth, so that the popu
lar feeling in London and Paris was sooth
ed a little, and Russia, by some means or
other, kept out of the Mediterranean. And
if we are not mistaken, the sequel demon
strates that our showing was correct. Sir
Stratford Canning, and a half a dozen
French seventy.fours, have kept tke Rus
sian bear from pouncing upon the Turk,
and cutting his way through the Golden
Horn into the Mediterranean. This we
always looked upon as the real object the
French and English Governments had in
view when they sent off their fleets to the
Dardanelles. . No demand was made for
Kossuth, nor any stipulations entered into
for his release, or the safety of his life
even. The threatened war was blown
over, and all being quiet again, we pre
sume it has been mutually decided that,
after all. it is wisest to keep Kossuth
where he is. Were he to go to England
or America, his restless spirit and fiery
eloquence might reanimate the sinking
spirits of those who would follow them
into exile, to some issue perhaps prejudi
cial to those whose sworn enemy he is. If
this is not the motive of his imprisonment,
what is it? As the Chronicle remarks,
"There is something wrong at the bottom.' '
There is treachery and collusion in this
matter, wc suspect, in a quarter where the
world, perhaps, is least disposed to look
for it. .
Wc arc not to be understood to sav,
the sympathy and solicitude the British
people, and some portions of the people of
France, have shown for the helpless out
casts of Hungary. Indeed, we believe they
feel as deeply their sufferings and priva
tions as our own countrymen do; but we
cannot help thinking that the great flourish
of trumpets bothGovernments have been
making," on behalf of Kossuth and his
companions, is but a miserable ruse to
obtain credit for what it never entered
their heads to perform. It looks very like
it at present, does it not?
Cumberland Coal.
The New York Herald of Wednesday
says:
It appears, from recent experiments on
the Camden and Amboy road, that Cum
be rland coal had fully sustained its char
acter as a superior fuel for the use of rail
roads; and, following the experiments of
the Camden and Amboy, similar examples
are in progress on the Reading road. It
has been ascertained that Cumberlaud coal
will create more steam" than any other
species of coal, and when compared to
wood, the difference, in point of economy,
is not less satisfactory. The official re
ports of the Baltimore and Ohio and Cam
den companies have proved that a ton of
Cumberland coal is equal to two and a
half cords of wood; consequently, coal at
$6 would result in a saving of fifty per
cent., wood being at 84 the cord. It is
not, however, very probable that the Erie j
company will use Blossburg coal for sev
eral years, as wood will be abundantly
supplied it a price not to exceed one dol
lar and twenty-five cents.
To the above we may also add, that E.
K. Collins, Esq., has made severalValua
ble experiments, with and without blow
ers, which have resulted in the conviction
that Cumberland coal is the best fuel for
steam purposes.
Answering a Fool according to his Folly.
?The American Messenger for August
has the following:
During the month of November, 1843.
a clergyman and an atheist were in one of
the night trains between Albany and Utica.
The night being cold, the passengers gath
ered as closely as possible around the
stove. The atheist was very loquacious,
and was soon engaged in a controversy
with the minister. In answer to an in
quir' of the reverend gentleman as to what
would be man's condition after death, the
atheist replied: "Man is like a pig; when
he dies, that is the end of him." As the
minister was about to reply, a red-faced
Irish-woman at the end of the car sprang
up, the natural red of her face glowing
more intensely with passion, and the light
of the lamp falling directly upon it, and
addressing the clergyman in a voice pecu
liarly slarding and humorous from its im
passioned tone and the richness of its
brogue, exclaimed: "Arrah, now, will ye
not let the baste alone? Has he not said
he was a pig? And the more you pull his
tail the louder Jie'll squale!" The effect
upon all was electric; the clergyman apol
ogized for his forgetfulness in attempting
to make any reply to such an assertion,
and the atheist was mute the remainder of
the journey.
Professor Webster.
" Hon. Franklin Dexter has ceased his
visits upon Professor Webster. It is ru
mored that the Hon. Rufus Choate will be
employed as senior counsel. Mrs. Web
ster, with three of her daughters, visited
her husband a few days since, for the first
and only time since his imprisonment.
The scene was a most interresting and af
fecting one. Yesterday, Judge Fay, of
Cambridge, visited the Professor, and was
for some time under lock and key in pri
vate consultation with him. The Profes
sor has been making arrangements to have
the series of lectures continued at the Col
lege, which he commenced before the un
happy circumstances occurred which re
sulted in his imprisonment. His cell is on
the same floor with those prisoners who
arc committed for offences of a similar
character. He is lively and free to chat,
and seems very much interested in the
perusal of books devoted to the science of
which he is Professor. Many individuals
have been admitted to see him and con
verse with him in private as well as pub
lic. Boston Times, Dec. 20.
The Boston papers state that the trial
will not take place earlier than May next.
We conceive this to be a judicious deci
sion; for by that time the excitement will
have calmed, and the question of guilt or
innocence can be much better discussed
and determined.
Lje Many mcu forbear doing ill because
they will not do it - others because they
cannot. Many refrain out of conscience,
but more out of shame. Some arc kept
under by reputation, but more out of fear
FOREIGN NEWS.
ARRIVAL OF THE
The steamer Hibernia arrived at Halifax
on Saturday morning.
Prussia.
A Telegraphic despatch from Berlin an
nounces that the Austrian Cabinet had
made a formal protest against the convo
cation of the German Parliament at Er
furt that the Austrian Government al
luded to the probability of armed interfe
rence by Austria in the affairs of Germa
ny. The same despatch states that the Prus
sian Government had answered the Aus
trian protest by declaring that Prussia
would maintain her rights, These ac
counts have been partially confirmed.
The Cologne Gazette, in a telegraphic
message from Berlin, announces that the
King has signed a law for the election of
representatives to the German Parliament,
to assemble at Frankfort.
France
The personal quarrels of the members
of the Legislative Assembly terminated in
some half dozen duels. M. Pierre figured
in three or four of these encounters. None,
however, terminated fatally.
Measures for modifying the constitution
arc still discussed. It is now suggested
to change the Legislative Assembly into a
constituent body to be invested with the
power of electing the President, and of
extending the term of his office to such a
period as may avoid the necessity of fre
quent appeals to universal suffrage.
Turkey.
From Constantinople, nothing has tran
spired to change the previous pacific course
of events. It is confidently stated that the
British fleet has orders to withdraw from
the Dardanelles.
Nothing further has been heard respect
ing the whereabouts of the Hungarian and
Polish refugees. The Russian Ambassa
dor has once more been admitted to an
interview with the Grand Vizer.
The diplomatic relations between Rus
sia and the Porte may be presumed to
have been renewed.
The Ionian Islands have been restored
to perfect tranquility.
We have official information that the
dispute between the French Governmeut
and the Emperor of Morocco is satisfac
torily adjusted.
Austria appears satisfied with what
Turkey has done, by transporting the
Hungarian refugees to the interior.
Russia demands that thjD Polish refu
gees be expelled from the Ottoman Em
pire, and that the chief should be impris
oned.
Mexico.
By the arrival of the brig Titi, Captain
Rodovich, we have been put in possses-
sion of files of 4Vera Cruz papers to the
3d instant, and of Mexico to the 29th ultt-1
mo. The Titi had on board 12,96 i in
specie. I
A proposition signed bv 12 members,
has been submitted to the Mexican House
of Deputies, for the adjournment of Con
gress on the 1st of December.
The insurrection of Sierra Gorda being
quelled, the Minister of War of the Repub
lic has ordered the National Guards who
served under General Bustamente to be
disbanded and sent back to their respective
btates.
The Minister of Finances has been au
thorized by Congress to contract for a loan
ot $1,500,000, to be paid back from the
amount which will be due by the Ameri
can Government at the end of the month
Maynext.
The cholera has considerably abated in
every part of Mexico. There are still a
few cases at Salina, in the Mate of San
Luis Potosi. The whole number of deaths
in that city, from the 8th Oct. to the 19th
Nov., is 91.
On the 10th of October, tho Indians had
besieged the Presidio of Janos, in the State
of Chihuahua, and made 29 Americans
prisoners. The Government of the State
in order to release the latter, had offered to
the enemv 'an interchange of prisoners,
which thev accented. The 'Governor of
Chihuahua stated that if he could not get
a sufficient number of Indians to tally with
that of the Americans, he would give what
ever the enemy might ask to have our cit
izens set at liberty.
A coach going from Puebla to Mexico,
was robbed at noon by 12 banditti, at a
place called Llano Grande, in the vicinty
of Rio Frio. An escort of soldiers was at
a short distance.
The news from Yucatan is rather gloo
mv. Another Indian outbreak is hourly
expected. Gen. Micheltorena, has been
appointed military governor of that Peuin-
l:i Hp lrfi Mfvu'o a short tunc mucc
with the sixth battalion o( infantry.
The Montplaisirs have met with an
enthusiastic reception from the diettanles
of Vera Cruz. XewOrleans Bee, IQtk
inst.
LATER FROM CALIFORNIA!
ARRIVAL OF TllE EMPIRE CITY !
New York, Dec. 26.
The Empire City has arrived from Cha
gres, with twoj weeks later news from
California.
The steamer Panama had arrived at
Panama.
Two hundred and fifty passengers, and
half a million of gold, and a large number
passengers.
Among the passengers is Hon", a bearer
of despatches to government.
The Empire City did not bring the Cal
ifornia mails.
The gold continued as plentiful as ever.
The election for the ratification or re
jection of the new Constitution, was held
on the 10th of November. At the same
time, a Governor, Lieut. Governor and
two Representatives in Congress were
chosen. Also, members of the Senate
and House of Representatives of the State
of California.
It is certain that the Constitution has
been adopted by an almost unanimous
vote.
It is the general impression that Peter
H. Burnett has been elected Governor,
John M 'Do well, formerly of Indianapolis,
Lieutenant Governor.
The returns from San Francisco and
elsewhere, indicates the election of Red
man Price and George W. Wright as
Representatives to Congress.
The entire Democratic ticket succeeded
in San Francisco.
Col. Sutter was the Whig candidates
for Governor.
He ran on the People's ticket.
It is now clear that T. Butler King will
not be elected to the United States Sen.
ate.
It is manifest that the Legislature will
be largely Democratic.
The chances are in favor of the election
of Wm. K. G win and Charles J. Fremont
as United Slates Senators.
The overland trains which left the States
last spring and summer, across the moun
tains, had all arrived safe in California.
Col. Russell, of Missouri, who headed
the vanguard left Independence on the 21th
April, and arrived at Sutter's Fort, on tho
8th August. His company broke up be
fore he reached California. Tho gallant
Colonel is now at Puebla, practising law.
Edwin Bryant, formerly editor of tho
Lexington (Ky.) Intelligencer, had reali
zed the snug sum of $100,000, by specu
lating in lots in San Francisco. He will
return home m June.
Carpenters' wages $16 perday. Build
ings are going up with a tremendous rush.
Both San Francisco and Sacramento were
rapidly filling up from the mines.
Living is getting more costly, daily.
The rainy season was prevailing.
The Wheeling Bridge.
Jt is evident that the Wheeling Bridge
Company will have more trouble than a
little. The fact that our boats for a sec
ond time have been stopped on account of
the lowness of the Bridge, will furnish
additional evidence that the structure is a
nuisance and should be abated. Tho Jour
nal of Wednesday says:
"We cannot scarcely imagine by what
pretext the Wheeling Bank and Bridge
Company will neutralize the Hibernia's
compelled stoppage and return in this in
stance. On a former occasion they excu
sed the bridge by charging thatthe Hiber
nia would have "gone under" but for a
diabolical counsellor in the person of Ed
win M. Stanton, Esq., who has charge of
the case against the Bridge Company.
That gendeman, most unfortunately, is
confined to his bed by an injury, which
will defer the trial of this case. As ho
was not on hand to advise, what will the
Wheeling folks do to explain away the
damage done the Hibernia this second
time? Will they charge it to spite or the
Bridge? Perhaps we shall hear that the
boat could have proceeded on her voyage,
with chimneys intact, by waiting only a
few days. We believe that, loo."
Wc have understood that some of tho
citizens of wheeling were patlicularly
pleased when they heard ot the accident
that happened to Mr. Stanton, and they
even boasted that the case in the Supreme
Court would be abandoned. But they
will find themselves sadly mistiken. The
interests of Pittsburg, wo feel authorized
in saying, will not materially suffer in
consequence of the illness of Mr, Stanton;
as Thomas J. Bingham, one of the rnost
eloquent members of the bar, will see that
Wheeling obtains no untue advantage
over Pittsburg, on account of the unfortu
nate accident that befel tho senior counsel
in the cac. Pittsburg Post.