ivn
EBENSBURG, PA.
THURSDAY, DECEMBER '13. 1819.
eHThI Sentinel, has much the largest cir
dilation of any paper published in this county
and as an advertising sheet off'rs superior
inducements to merchants and business men
generally. Those desirous of making us of
this medium for extending their business can
do so by either sending their notices direct, or
through the fallowing agents:
' JohnCrouse, Fnq., Johnstown.
'E. IV. Carr, Beans' Buildings," Third st.
Philadelphia.
V. It. Palmer, Esq., New York, Philadelphia
and Baltimore.
GfAttenlion is directed to the new ad
veriiocmcntq in to day's popar. It will
be seen that our friend P. S.M'Clcskey,
Esq., has opened a house in Johstown for
the accommodation of his friends and the
public. He is a clever fellow and de
serves, and we hope will receive, a liber
al share of public patronage.
Prnnnsn Is will htt received nt the office
" I
of the Superintendent on Friday the -1th;
1 I
day of January next for furnishing the
Portage .Railroad with the horse-powen ;
wood, coal, materials, &c, necessary for
keeping the road in 'successful operation'
during the season of 1850.
Besides these, there are the Sheriff's
Sales, Register's Notice, Administrator's
Xttice Arc, &c. Read them.
Central Railroad.
It isgratirying to learn that the work I
on this great Pennsylvania improvement
is rapidly progressing. Operations have
briskley commenced on the contracts re
cently let at Johnstown, and we learn that
the road on the east side will be comple
ted as far as Waynesburg this week.
Recently a meeting of the Board of Di-J
rectors was held in Philadelphia, at which
it was reported thatjthe total receipts for
transportation of freight and passengers
on so much of the road as is open, during
the months of September and October,
were S1-I.S02 76; while the expenditures
during the same period amounted to S3,
405 :V7 leaving an excess of SI 1,397 139
which is equal to -If per cent, interest
upon the amount expended in the building
and equipment of that portion of the road.
Of course the piofits will increase as the
road is extended, and affords a cheering
prospect that it will be a very profitable in
restiiicnt for the stockholders.
c u n a .
Highly Important MoTcmenl!
The Washington Globe of Saturday
last contains the following important an
nouncement relative to the contemplative
revolution in the Island of Cuba. It will
be seen that the patriots of Cuba are de
termined to proceed in their work of re-
leasing their Island from the tyranny and
oppression with which it has been ruled,
notwithstanding the formidable barriers
which have been thrown in their way.
To the Editors of the X. V. Herald:
The undersigned beg leave to avail
themselves of your widely distributed col
umns, to announce to all who may be in
terested in such announcement, that, by
appointment from General Don Narcisc'o
Lopez, well known in the Uuited States
as well as Cuba, as the head of the late
projected revolution for the liberation of
that island from the oppressions and deg-
rauauon oi us present condition, they have
accepted and undertaken, in concert with
General Lopez, the duties and responsi
bilities of a "Patriotic junta for the pro-
motion oi tne political interests of Cuba."
Without infringing on the laws of this
country, by the present announcement, or
contemplating hereafter any action which
they will not stand prepared to justify be
fore all tribunals, human and Divine, they
feel that it is alike duo to their cause and
their country to stand forth openly to meet
all the responsibilities which attach to
their undisguised hopes, aspirations, and
rourse, at the same time that they are
enabled to serve as a centre for correspon
dence, with a view to concert, to the thou
sands of noble spirits who, in all sections
of this Union, sigh to behold the slavery
and sufferings of Cuba, and long to contribute-any
aid, honorably and legitimate
ly in their power, to her relief.
This honorable trust, associating the
undersigned, for the purposes indicated,
with the illustrious patriot and chief who
will preside over the junta, they have ac
cepted as a duty not to be declined; pro
foundly distrustful, indeed, cf their own
ability or worthiness, but supported by
lhe conscious rectitude of their motives,
and by an unhesitating confidenceah the
favor of Heaven and in the generous sym
pithi?s of the noble and free American
people.
The. Jtmln Promovcdora de hs Tolif-
MOUNTAIN SENTINEL
ico ce Cuba, will shortly establish itself
at the city of Washington, to which city
may. be addressed, directly to Gen. Lopez,
post paid) all correspondence of its friends
box 51, Pgst Office.
With great respect, your ob't ser'vts,
" Ainb'rosVJdse Gonzalez, ofMatahzas.
Jose Sanchez l"znagar of Trinidad
de Cubxr. ,. :, . .
Cirlo Jlllaverdel of Havana.
J. M. Mac ids t of Matanzas. '
New York, December 5, 1849.
The Xew County of Conemangh.
Upon a mere maturejreflection, we have
come to the conclusion that our Johnstown
friends committed an error in. the bounda
ry they have adopted for their proposed
new county. We think they have been
entirely too liberal in their demands, and
we are happy in being able to point out
their mistake before it is too late. We
therefore suggest with all due deference,
that the-turnpike be adopted as the north
ern boundary of the new county afford
ing, as it does, a much better line than the
one they have proposed. It is so plain
too, that it would at once avoid any diffi
culty on the part of the - citizens in deter
mining in which count)' they resided.
The balance of Cambria would be suffi
cient, we suppose, to satisfy the friends of
Pine county, and thus it will be percei
ved, that we will be able to supply the
wants of our friends on both sides of the
wvusx M V. V I. t II It. 11 .1 -J 111 UUfcll J V w .
county. It is true that by this movement!
J J i
Cambria might be numbered among
"things that were," but that is a matti
the
er of
no consideration when weighed in the
scales against the modest wishes and de
mands of the friends of new counties.
And besides Ihis, Cambria always was an
insignificant county, and should never
have been erected; and if her dismember-
ment will satisfy our southern friends, she
will have died in a glorious cause. A
most unpardonable error was committed
at the time she was erected, in placing
Johnstown at one end of the county an
error so flagrant that we are utterly as
tonished that it has never before been dis
covered; and we think it nothing more
than an act of justice that our Legislature
should embrace the earliest opportunity of
rectifying this grand mistake of our fore
lathers by a total dismemberment. By
doing this, they might administer a slight
salvo to the wounded honor and pride of
the good citizens of Johnstown, and make
amends, in a small degree for the errors
of the past.
In case Cambria should be stricken off
Irom the list of counties, it may be matter
of serious enquiry what will be done with
our new Jail and Court House. But we
hope this difficulty can be settled to satis
faction of all parties. The Court House
will make an admirable Church, and the
Jail is capable of being converted into an
excellent School House. Those residing
on the north side of the turnpike in the
borough of Ebensburg, however, will have
the privilege, which must be distinctly
granted in the bill erecting the new coun
ty, of attending church in the Court House,
whenever they see proper. This demand,
so reasonable in itself, will not, we sincere
ly hope, be denied them by our disinter
ested neighbors of Johnstown. There
! may, perhaps, be a few other demands
j m!1de on the liberaliiy of our benevolent
neighbors of the south, in case they should
succeed in getting a new county, such as
hunting squirrels in their territory, fishing
in their streams, &c, fcc, but they think
it scarcely necessary to have it mentioned
in the Act, as we feel confident that our
southern friends will grant we these
I privileges by an order of their Court.
California.
We are indebted to our old friend Col.
John W. Geary, Chief Alcalde of the
city of San Francisco, fur a copy of the
"Constituiion of the State of California."
formed by the Convention recently as
sembled in that territory preparatory to
their admission into the Union. The
Constitution is founded on most liberal
views, giving the largest freedom to the
people compatible with a due regard to
the protection of person and property.
The following extract from the Address
of the Convention to the people of Cali
fornia may be interesting to our readers in
conveying an idea of the difficulties thcy
had to encounter in the formation of the
Constitution and the policy proposed to
be adopted for the government of the
country.
"In establishing a boundary for the
State, the convention conformed as near
as was deemed practicable and expedient
to great natural land-marks, so as to bring
into a Union, all those who should be in
cluded by mutual interest, mutual wants
and mutual dependence. No portion of
territory is included, lhe inhabitants of
which were not or might uot have been
legitimately represented in the convention
under the authority bv which it was con
vened; and in unanimously, resolving to
exclude slavery from ihe;Staie ofCalifor
nia, the great principle ha? been main
tained, that to the people of'eaich State and
Territory, alone, uelongs'the right to' es
tablish such municipal regulations-and to
decide such questions as affect their own
peace, prosperity and happinees. -.
A free people in the enjoyment of an
elective government, capable of securing
their civil, religious and political rights,
may rest assured these inestimable priv
ileges can never be wrested from them, so
long as they keep a watchful eye on the
operations of their government, and hold
to strict accountability, those to whom
power is delegated. No people were ev
er yet enslaved, who knew and dared
maintain the co-relative rights and obliga
tions of free, and independent citizens.
A knowledge of the laws their moral
force and efficacy, thus becomes an es
sential element cf freedom, and makes
public education of primary, importance.
In this view, the Constitution of Califor
nia provides for, and guarantees in the
most ample manner, the establishment of
Common Schools, Seminaries and Colle
ges, so as to extend the blessings of edu
cation throughout the land, and secure Us
advantages to the present and Future gen
erations. Under the peculiar circumstan
ces in which California becomes a State
with an unexampled increase of popu
lation, coming from every part of the
world, speaking various languages, and
imbued with different feelings and prej
udices, no form of government, no system
of laws, can be e.vpected to meet with im
mediate and unanimous assent. It is to
be remarked, moreover, that a considera-
I I., . . f. . ll
ble portion of our fellow-citizens are na
tives of old Old Spain, Californians, and
those who have voluntarially relinquished
the rights of Mexicans, to enjoy those of
American citizens. Long accustomed to
a different form of government, regarding
rights of person and of property as inter
woven with ancient usages and time hon
ored customs, they may not at once sec
j the advantages of the proposed new gov
ernment, or yield an immediate approval
of new laws, however salutaiy their pro
visions, or conducive to general welfare.
But it is confidently believed, when the
government as now proposed, shall have
gone into successful operation, when each
department thereof shall move on harmo
niously in its appropriate and respective
sphere; when laws based on the eternal
principles of equity and Justice, shall De
established; when every citizen of Cali
fornia shall find himself secure in life, lib
erty and property all will unite in the
cordial support of institutions, which are
not only the pride and boast,of every true
j hearted citizen of the union, but have gone
i forth a "guiding light to ever- people,
groping tnrougn tne g oom oi lengious
superstition or political lanaticism. in-
stitutions, which even now, while all
Europe is agitated with the convulsive
efforts of nations battling for liberty, have
become the mark and model of govern
ment for every people who would hold
themselves free, sovereign and indepen
dent." .
Liter ary Gazette. We have neglec
ted to notice the change which has taken
place in the control of this paper. The
establishment has been purchased by
Lydia Jane Peirson, A. Eshleman and
P. II. Gochnauer, by whom it will here
after be conducted. Many improvements
have been made in the appearance of the
paper, and the literary department being
under the control of Mrs. Pierson, who is
widely known as one of our best author
esses, it now ranks amnog the. best literary
papers of the day. Both as an agricultu
ral and literary journal, it is entitled to a
liberal and extensive patronage.
Congress.
We have intelligence of . the proceed
ings of Congress up to last Monday even
ing, at which time they had been unsuc
cessful in the election of Speaker. On
Friday last the democrats released their
nominee Mr. Cobb of Georgia, but made
no ether nomination, and last intelligence
every man was vpting ashe'seen prop
er. The whigs still stick to their
nominee Mr. Winthrop, but cunuot con
trol a sufficient number of votes to elect
him. There is no telling when an or
ganization of the House will be effected,
and of course no Message will bejeceived
until that is accomplished. .ThefolIow
ing is the result of the three last ballotings
on Monday:
29th 30th 31st
Winthrop, of Mass. Whig, 102 103 101
Potter, of Ohio, Uem.,
Wilmot, of Pa., Free Soil,
Boyd, of Ky., Dem.,
Richardson, of III., Dem.,
Green, of Mo., Dem.,
GentrjT, of Tenn., Whig,
Miller, of Ohio, Dem.,
Brown, of Indiana, Dem.,
M'Willie, of Miss., Dem.t
Stanton, of Tenn.,
Durkee,
Bowden,
McLean, of Md., Dem.,
Harris, of Ala., Dem.,
Meade, of Va., Dem.,
Kaufman,
Bayly, of Va., Dem.,
Cobb, of Geo., Dem.,
McQueen,
Colcock,
79
77
78
G
5
1
10
5
3
6
4
1
12
5
4
1
1
6
5
10
5
3
2
1
1
1
I
5
1
Total,
219 221 221
Failure to Pay the Appropriations oa tlie Public
: Works. ' ' '
We learn by the last llarrisburg Key
stone that the hands in the employ cf the
State in the Parksburg shop "on the Col
umbia Railroad turned out last Thursday
and refused to work on account of nt
having received their pay for several.
months This is a pretty state of affairs;
it must be acknowledged, and is disgrace
ful in the highest degree to the character
of the Commmonwealth of Pennsylvania
The Whig Treasurer, in order to swell
the. amount remaining in the Treasury
at the end of the fiscal year, has evidently
withheld the money appropriated by the
last Legislature to the payment of the
debts contracted by the State on her pub
lic improvements.
On the 30th of November last, there
were remaining in the Treasury of the
appropriations made for the Columbia
road and Portage road, the sum of $178,
599, which is due to the creditors of the
commonwealth, aud which should have
been drawn and disbursed long since. Out
of this sum $102,895 belong to the credi
tors on the Columbia road, and $75,701
to those of the Portage Road. We hope
this matter will be properly investigated,
and those guilty of such disgraceful pro
ceedings held up to the indignation of the
people.
nHBKflBw-am
Washingtoa Daily Globe.
We ackovvledge the receipt of the first
numbers of this excellent paper, published
in Washington City by John C. Rives,
at five dollars per annum. It is very
beautifully printed, and contains a large
amount of reading matter. It is designed
to give full reports of Congress free form
party or political prejudice, and those
wishing to receive the proceedings
through the medium of an independent
journal, will find the Globe well worthy
their favor and patronage.
For the Mountain Sentinel
Mr. Editor Dear Sir: It is but a short
time until the Senate and House of Rep
resentatives will convene in this State,
and observing, from the election returns,
that the democrats wield a majority in
bath branches, the consequence will be
the choice of democratic officers to preside
over their deliberations during the session.
For years past the Senate has been offi
cered and ruled by the Federal party, in
the persons of Gibbons, Williams and Dar-
sie the most bitter, vindictive and malig
nant Federalists that ever disgraced a seat
of honor.
From a long, intimate and personal ac
quaintance with Judge Frailey, of Schuyl
kill county, 1 think him a gentleman pos
sessing all the necessary qualifications for
Speaker of the Senate. His experience
in legislative matters is equal, if not su
perior, to any other member of that body,
besides being distinguished for his cour
tesy towards his fellow-men, at all times
governed by the highest sense honor, to
gether with all the energy of character
and business habits so well calculated to
facilitate their deliberations and render
general satisfaction to the democracy
throughout the State. His selection would
be a well merited compliment paid to the
democracy of that infected district which
placed the apostate Bill Johnston into
power that he is only capable oi uisgrace-
ing.
J. .
For the Sentinel.
Tariff Duties and Protection.
No. 1.
Now that the attention of politicians
throughout the Union, is being called to
the subject of tariff duties and protection,
and large meetings of capitalists, are held
for the purpose of forcing, if possible, on
Congress the adoption of whig measures
of financial and protective policy, it is the
the duty of the people the farmers, me
chanics and laborers whose hard toil must
produce all the revenue and protection in
which politicians speculate, to take cogni
zance of the measures proposed to be
adopted to inquire into their nature and
practical bearings, and if found to operate,
or capable of operating against the inter
ests of the producing classes, at once to
repudiate them.
That tariff duties are but a contrivance
to tax labor instead of property, and that
protective tariffs are but contrivances to tax
Jaboi for the benefit of capital are matters
which have long since been understood by
leading politicians of all parties-the demo
crats generally opposing such measures
because they have this tendency, and the
whigs supporting them for the same rea
son. But it must be confessed that the
producers, in general, whose labor must
support the whole, have paid too little at
tention to the real nature and bearings of
our tariff policy, and are in fact robbed
and their earnings plundered by it without
their knowledge or consent.
For the benefit therefore of those who
have not yet taken the trouble to inquire
into the practical bearings of tariff duties
and protection, the following numbers are
written truth being the sole object of in
quiry, without regard to factional or party
prejudices.
The subject of taxation has in all ages
been considered one of the most delicate
and difficult questions that come within
the duties of civil legislation, as well on
account of the difficulty of adjusting laws
for the equitable distribution of taxes, a?
the reluctance with which they are gener
ally pjiid. j : . .
Taxation j has j distinguished into two
sorts; namely, direct and indirect. A di
rect tax is that which is levied directly on
property ard estimated according to the
value of the property for which it is paid.
When we consider that by lar the great-
er Ia" ui our .eg.aiau
the protection of property, and compari-
tively little for the protection of labor and
poverty, it is but reasonable to suppose j
that property should pay the expenses'
which are thus incurred almost exclusively
for its own benefit. But the wisdom of
the world has long since learned to over
look these plain principles of reason and
justice, and has contrived by what is
called indirect taxation to saddle the bur
then of governmental expenses on the
shoulders of labor and productive indus
try. A direct tax falls on the property of the
wealthy, and they being the powerful and
influential, as well, as also in most cases
the legislators and maturers of laws, self
interest impels them to oppose the levy
ing of taxes on their poperty, and their op
position is regarded as more formidable
than that of any other class of men. It
therefore becomes necessary, as is sup
posed for the peace and harmonv of socie
ty, to employ an indirect mode of taxation,
by which a revenue may be extorted from
the laboring and industrious, whose igno -
ranee, in general, it is supposed, will pre -
vent them from knowing that they pay
and whose want of power and influence
will render their opposition harmless if
even they do know it. Hence has arisen
that form of taxation known by the name
of tariff or revenue duties. Instead of as
sessing a direct tax on property for the
support of government, a duty is levied
on the necessaries of life, which are im
ported into the country in the way of trade
and commerce. I his duty is paid at the
port where the merchandise is landed,
and there goes into the public treasury, by
which the expenses of government are
paid, and the poperty of the wealthy eased
from taxation.
We thus see government supported by
an indirect tax and it may be a legitimate
subject of inquiry, for those who have not
made politics their study, to inquire who
ultimately, and in reality pays this tax.
It is not the importer, for he adds the
amount of the duty paid to the price of
his merchandise, and charges it to the
wholesale dealer
He in turn charges a
profit on the original cost of the article and
a profit on the duty he has paid on it, to
the retail merchant. The latter charges
the amount of all these put together, and a
profit on the whole, of from 25 to 50 per
cent, to the consumer. Thus all who
consume the merchandise (nine tenths of
whom are productive laborers) pay the
original cost of the articles a duty on the
same a profit on the duty to the whole
sale merchant and and a profit on the du
ty and profit both to the retailer. All
these the consumer confounds together,
at the retailers counter, and pays them
without ever dreaming that he pays a tax
at all. And herein is considered the su
perior merit of this mode of taxation,since
men pay it, without knowing that they do
so, and consequently do not complain.
This is the ground taken by Judge Black
stone in its favor, and many of our own
statesmen support it for the same reason.
But notwithstanding all this, the principle
is in itself" wrong, oppresive and unjust,
and should be repudiated by every friend
of justice and common honesty.
A part ot every poor man s earnings is
taken from him in the shape of an indirect
tax, while in most cases, he is utterly ig
norant that he pays any tax, and in so far
the practice of this policy is a species cf
hnancial stealing, and is in truth and jus
tice as widely apart from equity and
justice, as the depredations of the highway
robber or the midnight thief. And it is
manifest that if the mass of our citizens
understood the nature of this contrivance
to rob them of their earnings without any
adequate recompense, they would never
consent to it; and yet our learned jurists
boast most vociferously of the justice and
benignity of our laws, that will suffer no
man's property to be taken from him with
out his consent. What a mockery of
common sense, as well as of truth and
justice.
JUSTICE.
ONE MONTH LATER
FROM CALIFORNIA.
Arrival of the Crescent City. One Mil
lion and a half in Gold Dust. En
couraging Accounts from the Mines.
Excution on board the U.S. Frigate
Savannah. The Ships Susan G.
Owens and Mason at San Francisco.
New York, Dec. 7, 1 5 P. M.
The. Steamship Crescent City, Captain
Stoddard, arrived here about noon, brings
dates from San Francisco to the 2d of No
vember. The Crescent City has on board 160
passengers, and J. P. Judd, Miniser to
the King of the Sandwich'Islands, accom
panied by Alexander Libihiho, heir appa
rent to the Hawaiian throne, and his broth
er Lot Camehamheha. The object of Mr.
Judd's visit to the United States and Eu
rope at this period, has refereuce to the
late outrages of the French at the Sandwich
Islands, the particulars of which appeared
in this paper some time ago. Mr. Dillon
the French Consul, as our readers know,
came on to this Island since the dispute
alluded to, and took his passage to Ameri
ca to go on to France to lay the whole af
fair before his government.
The Crescent City has in freight about
one million dollars in gold dust, in addition
to about $400,000 io the hands of passa.
ge- - . . ;
The accounts from the jnines continue
encouraging. Gold vai UJl found ia
abundance. ;
The health of the mines are generally
good, with the exception of some wiio ire
subject to slight attacks of dysentary.
It is estimated that there are at leasf
80,000 persons at the mines.
essels continue to arrive inlanre num.
bers from the United States and all parts
oi lurope. I here are now about one
hundred British vessels in the bay of San
v rancisco.
Thirteen hundred passengers passed
through Chagres on the 25th and 26th
ull.
There are not now over 100 passengers
at Chagres awaiting passage to California.
The Isthmus is perfectly healthy, and
travelling good.
The ships Susan G. Owens and Ma
son arrived at San Francisco oa the 12th
ult.
Brevet Capt. Warner lost his life on
the 27th of September, while engaged in
ascertaining the feasibility of a railroad
route to Oregon through the bead sources
of the Sacramento. His party of 'eight
men were tired upon by a large body of
Ind
ians. He and two of his companion!
were killed
The prospectus for a religious paper, to
be called "The Watchman," is published
jn lne San Francisco papers. It is, at first
l De published monthly, and the issue in
urease m irequency as circumstances war-
rant prices zo cents per number of eight
. quano pages, or one sheet.
The U. S. frigate Savannah, sailed for
Monterey, on the 25th ult. On the 24th
ult., the United States' sloop of War St.
Mary, sailed from Canton, touching atths
Sandwich Islands. The following United
States' vessels of war are now anchored
in the bay opposite the town, viz: Sloop
of war Warren; Schooner Ewing; Propel
lar Massachusetts. Many desertions have
occurred.
A naval execution took place oa board
the United States' frigate Savannah, oa
the 23d of October last. The parties
charged with mutiny, and attempting to
murder one of theofficers of that vessel.
The names of the mutineers were John
and Wm. Black, both Englishmen, shipp
ed some time since at 'Valparaiso, in the
U. S. schooner Ewing. There were five
persons implicated , but the above named
men having confessed the crime, and ac
knowledged their guilt, the other three
were sentenced to hard labor for the re
mainder of their term of service, viz: threo
years.
Gen. Reilly has issued the following
proclamation in reference to the new Con
stitution, which is published in the papers
before us.
To the People of California.
The delegates of the people assembled
in Lonvention, have lormeda ConsiituuGii
which is now presented for your ratinca
tion. The time and manner of voting on
this Constitution, and of holding the fiut
general election, are clearly set forth in
the schedule; the whole subject is therefore
left for your unbiased and deliberate con
sideration. The Prefect (or person exercising tho
functions of that office,) of each district
will designate places for opening the polls
and give due notice of the election in ac
cordance with the provisions of the Con
stitution and Schedule-
The people are now called upon to form
a government for themselves, and to des
ignate such officers as they desire to make
and execute the laws. That their choice
may be wisely made, and that the govern
ment so organized, may secure the perma
nent welfare and happiness of the people
of the new State, is the sincere and earn
est wish of the present Executive, who, if
the Constitution be ratified, will, witb
pleasure, surrender his power to whomso
ever the people may designate as his suc
cessor. Given at Monterey, California this 12th
day of October, A. D. 1849.
B. RILEY.
Bvt. Brig. Gen. U. S. A. and Governor
of California.
Delaware and Slavery.
We gave a paragraph a day or two
since from the Wilmington. Delaware,
Republican, to the effect that slave owners
there were selling off their slaves as fast ai
they could first into Maryland, thence to
the South, to prevent loss from their run
ning away. Now this, it seems, i not so.
The North American- says: .
"Slaves are not sold to the South ia
Delaware, for the simple reason that the
laws forbid it; nor do they often run away
a circumstance which we might almost
ascribe to the fact, that there are scarcely
any there to do so. In reality, they have,
and they have long had, in operation, ia
Delaware, a system of laws the wisest and
most effectual, perhaps, ever devised for
the gradual and silent extinction of slave
ry; the basis of which is a statue render
ing it a misdemeanor, punishable by hea
vy fine, to sell a slave out of the State;
while the superstructure consists of acts
giving the strongest encouragement to the
practice of manumission. The number
of slaves in Delaware, in 1840, was 2,605,
and these were slaves only in name, the
vast majority probably, three-fourths, or
nine-tenths, as estimated by different in
telligent Delawarians being manumiued,
and therefore, not slaves at all, and the re
mainder nearly all old people whose mas
ters would be delighted to have them run
away, since they would thus "relieve the
former from the legal obligauon of sup
porting them."
Excellent sleighing on the mountata.