Arrival of the Hermann.
TWO DAYS LATER.
The amount of gold received by various
mercantile houses at London, was about
4 0.000 stcrliusr.
All efforts used by the government of
France and Great Britain, to renew the
armistice between Sardinia and Austria
had failed, and hostilities would therefore
bo re-commenced and carried on with great
viffor on both sides.
Although the European sympathies
were strongly enlisted on the side of the
Italian cause, yet it was generally feared
that Kins Charles Albert would be beaten
by hi3 powerful enemy who, with an army
100,000 strong, meditated a direct march
upon Turin, there, as Radetsky's manifes
to stated, to negotiate terms of peace The
, 0 j
latest accounts from Hungary state that the
Imperialists were not making much head
wav against the Macrvars, as success had
had latterly crowned the arms of the lat
ter, and the Austrians had several times
been beaten with considerable loss.
The Drone-sal to appoint the Kins: of
Prussia Emperor of German v, was re
iectcd bv the Frankfort Parliament. This
" , , ,
unexpected uecision causeu ureai excite
ment, and would, it was feared, lead to
unpleasant consequences between Russia
and Austria.
The Republic of Palermo h id rejected
the Constitution and proposals made by
the King of Naples.
The French and British fleets were
about to withdraw, and the Sicilians were
preparing for hostilities, which would im
mediately ensue.
The King of Naples would with great
difficulty keep his throne, as a formidable
insurrection was about breaking out in
Calabria, and the Neapolitans themselves
were unquiet.
The returns from the Bank of France
were not quite so favorable for the trade of
Paris as some of the previous returns.
A manifestation on the part of the So
cialists and Communists, was expected in
Paris on the 25th, and great military pre
cautions had been taken to preserve the
public peace.
Lord Aberdeen's speech in the House
of Lords, relative to European affairs, had
produced a good effect on the Paris Bourse.
The three per cents were at 52f. 70c.
Five per cents 82f. 95c.
The French Government had received
telegraphic despatches announcing; that the
Sardinian army had crossed the Tisino on
the 20th, in three divisions. On the 2 1st,
ths Austrian army had crossed the same
river, and experienced some resistance. It
was supposed that King Charles Albert
would be forced to recross the river Tisi
no, and that a great battle would be fought
on the plains of V ercelli. A French ex
yrdition of twelve thousand men
ready to sail immediately, should the Aus
tnans set toot in the Pontihcal States.
Paris, Sunday March 25, 1 1 A. M.
The Assembly after post hour last evening,
brought to a close the debate of the law on
the clubs, which was finally adopted. The
third and conclusive reading will take place
after five char days. By this law clubs
are interdicted, but public meetings for the
discussion of political subjects, which have
not the character imputed to clubs by the
present law will be permitted.
A Paris letter of Sunday, the 25th ult.,
says: Great agitation prevailed in Paris
last night and yesterday afternoon. Jlt
troupements were collected in various
quarters. The town was patroled by
strong detachments both of cavalry and
infantry during the night. A popular
movement for to-morrow continues to be
spoken of. The troops were every where
under arms yesterday and last night.
Sardinia. The Picdmontcse Gazette
quotes a letter from Corao of the 16th,
stating that the Austrians have evacuated
that place, and earned off the boilers of
the steamers to make them useless to the
insurgents.
We have received despatches from our
correspondent at Turin, of the 21st. A
bulletin had just been published at Turin,
by the Minister of the Interior, announcing
the passage of the Ticino. and the march
of the Piedmontese army into Lombardy.
Ths headquarters of the king .were at Tre
cate, a small town on the Piedmontese
bank of the Ticino, close to the road lead
ing from Nevara to Milan. It was by the
bridge upon this road, leading to Butfalora
that the army crossed the river. The pas
sage was unopposed, the Austrians having
retired from that point. The road to Mi
lan was reported to have been crowded
wtth tl
-.w miw una ixicii C1 O 6 OJiU
munitions in full retreat.
Advices hnrl hppn rnprW-oA d-.-m Vn-l.-l
ra, of an attack made by the Austrians I
- I U" 11C
upon the Piedmontese, who
defended the L
of Mezzana-Cort
i .
- fvfc with all if 3 rapure
13 v love, with ;!lii t.-)
near
Pavia.
Its hiisa wvinVJf;rrr renu3ed, after which
1 ? ;,-. wf.va
-tuT ?fcdmon.ese partly stroyed ho
wuon the division Approached
. i .
'aTBuffalors, the Ifcw himsell
danced suddenly to its .Dcao, - vas m
a. t cross the bridge. v
ur&fc ;r n11Kishes two v
lamations
addre
other to those
Lomuaru " , .
the ormerKadewy
1 ,m- the war upon the cue in
I I 1 ... .1. . H'litltll' I II IllLLil
but U trauqu --
" I I I 1 . IJ-''
UliXk - .
ficient garrisoiiand a . t.
.-v n. I
The Mnan -; me 17lh were w
oi uk - , lh,ueeineu
ssedto tne iuutuiMi. - , t me
ot me
i II nrni II ill I Llkuuv. i i iml
Hc hopes that -"r: Tv to fight for
j .v,r Vipinar ready
econu o .-
rights of his sovereign-
tUl.nmn Ct XCW
. . i t vow
arrival ui
t f 11p MCilUlCi aiuu"
Steamer
leans.
Arril .
arrived at New Orleans from Chagres, but
her dates are not as late as those brought
by tli3 Northerner.
The Picayune contains a letter from
Mr. Freaner, dated Panama, March 10th.
He says the project ofnavigating the Cha
gres river was a humbug, such a thing be
ing impossible.
Tickets on the Oregon steamer," to sail
for San Francisco on the 12lh inst., had
been sold for $700.
The editor of the Charleston Mercury
has had an interview with Mr. Graham,
one of Col. Webb's party, cn-route for
New Pork, who gives a most" melancholy
picture of the ravages of the Cholera a
mong the expedition. When Mr. G. left,
ten had died, and twenty more were sick.
The disease was raging dreadfully on the
banks of the Rio Grande. The' boat on
which Mr. Graham was a passenger, lost
in three days the pilot, clerk, bar-keeper,
captain and one hand, all of the Cholera.
At Brownsville and Matamoros the
disease was awfully destructive, the in
terments showing a large per centage on
the number attacked.
The schooner President has arrived at
Georgetown S. C, bringing in the crew
of the schooner Freemau, of East Thorn
town, Maine, which vessel was recently
wrecked.
Aggression
nt lliissin nn TurVrr.
The movement of Russia towards Wal
Iacliia and Moldavia has set the Porto to
work. Forty ships of the line are now
completely equipped in the harbor. The
Vice admiral, Mustaplia Pacha has sailed
into the Black Sea, and a fpv days after
several vessels left for the Danube, laden
with artillerv and other warlike stores,
which appear to be chiefly intended for
the fortress on the Danube. These for
tresses are, nevertheless, in so ruinous and
perfectly untenable a state, that merely
supplying them M'ith artillery will not pre
vent their speedy capture. . Osman Phaca
has been recalled, and has been replaced
by Emir Bey, in the Archipelago, and left
on the 24th for his destination.
A letter from Bucharest, of Feb. 20, in
the Paris National, says: -
War is imminent. The Russians al
ready amount amongst us to more than
100,000 men. The Turks are also sen
ding numerous reinforcements. A body
of 20,000 troops from Asia have just pass
ed the Danube, and 40,000 more are ex
pected. Omir Pacha has received orders
to concentrate the different detachments
of the Turkish army which are dispersed
in the country. The new corps of the
Turkish army which arrive make a sort
of a triumphant entry, the people receiving
them as liberators. Superior Russian of
ficers have been given to the Molpo Wal-
wasjlachian militia; but, as desertions are ap
prehended in the face of the Turkish camp,
orders hive been given to semi the greatest
part to Transylvania, where they will be
employed in concert with the Russian
troops in defending the fortified places.
Orders were at the same time transmitted
to the commander of the Russian troops
in Transylvania to have all the refuges of
the Wallachian revolution arrested. We
do not know if Austria will consent to de
liver them up; but what is certain is, that
the Russian General Duhamel, has prom
ised to have all the partisans of Kossuth
who should seek an assylum in the princi
palities arrested. This reciprocity of
friendly proceedings causes us to be unea
sy as to the fate of our brothers who have
taken refuge in the States of Austria.
The Turkish Commissioners have, how
ever, informed the Wallachian authorities
that he will not suffer the duties of hospi
tality to be violated with respect to the
gars who may be forced by events to
seek an assylum on the neutral territory
of the principalities. In a town of Lesser
Wallachia there have been new troubles;
the peasants have risen against the Prefect,
who is a man sold to Russia, the Russian
soldiers received orders to inarch against
ths crowd; but some Turkish soldiers hav
ing hastened to the aid ot the peasants, a
struggle ensued, which was near being the
signal of a real insurrection.
California lutrlliscncc
The Galveston, Texas Xeics, of the
31st of March, contains intelligence pur
porting to be from Los Angeles; Califor
nia, of the 14th of February.
This, if correct, is seven days later from
that territory, but very little and perhaps
not so late from the gold region. Los
Angeles is about three hundred and fifty
. , :i . r o r- - .... J
avs:
We have just been' fav
iVorp
v - 1
: . iu lUitv vita tne
JTmSros Angeles, is
California, dated Feb. B14. The letter is
from a surgeon in the U. S. service, ad
dressed to his brother in this city, and its
statements as to the almost incredible pro
ductiveness or the gold mines, lully con
firm all that has hitherto been published on
the subject. The name ot the writer.
e at liberty to give it, would be
a sufficient guaranty for the truth
assertion. 1 he writer gives it as
opinion that our accounts of the mines
hvinot ex eratedt aud that from
P . 'by every man. He does not give
1
I I II K .11 m "
, I
a aenteda, ra I be country is repre-
the from all partV H w" g"
i" . trxnl as nnnnnor manv in-
ducemenis ---a. -j .
due
orate there
Y of enterprise to emi
Of
. . V . . . . - .1
nr.
or .
wnoie i-m ;s , .u1,
. itfti- hut nnoi recanuuiaie me
throughout is caiwtj
who have once deterrtvencourage those
not vO auii"'-1 uoii tuts
i
mail due mis ever- end , t to pcrse.
: rtsfi
. -v
Mr. Buchanan at Hojis.
In ths Lancaster Intelligencer we find
a correspondence between Mr. Buchanan
and the Democracy of Lancaster, which is
highly interesting. The letter inviting
him to a public dinner is signed by nearly!
a thousand names. 1 he , micuigcncer m
publishing the correspondence, says:
Since his return to this city, Mr. Bu
chanan has been personally waited on by
numbers of his old personal and political
friends from all sections of the country,
who have come to revive former intima
cies, and recount the interesting remini
scences of tlie eventful Past. To these
visits has been added a more general mani-f
Testation, by the tender of a public dinner
on the part of the Democracy of the city
and county, which elicited the subjoin
ed interesting correspondence.
Among the signers of the letter of invi
tation, the reader will discover the names
of those staunch and true Democrats, who
in sunshine and in storm, in good and evil
report, have upheld the time-honored em
blems of Democracy. These men have
known James Buchanan long and well.
They knew him when pursuing his hum
bler professional avocation, more than a
quarter of a century ogo, and they have
watched his course as step by step he has
progressed to the highest honors of the re
public. Whilst his brilliant public career
has been to them a source of unminled
pride, they have not been unmindful of
the fact, that he has passed through all the
allurements of place and power, fame and
fortune, and has preserved a personal
reputation pure and unblemished.
The following is the lelter of the people,
d Mr. Buchanan's reply:
am
Lancaster, April 2. 1849.
lion. James Jhtchanan Dear Sir, On
your retirement from the office of Secreta
ry of State, to which, four years ago, you
were called by President Polk, your Dem
ocratic fellow-citizens and neighbors of the
Cliy anu county of Lancaster discharge a
most agreeable duty in extending to you
a cordial "IVekome Hjme." Moretnan
a quarier of a century has elapsed since
you were first called from professional life
to engage in the more responsible and ex
tended duties of a representative in Con
gress.. With short intervals, you have
continued in the public service ever since.
During this period, many and trying have
been the scenes through which the Repub
lic has passed momentous and often ex
citing the issues decided by the Federal
Government. In most of them it has fal
len to your lot, first as a member of the
House of Representatives, then as a Sen
ator of the United States, and more re
cently as the first Cabinet oflicer of the
Executive, to act an important and con
spicuous part. It may prove some recom
pense for your long and arduous public
services, to be assured, that your Demo
cratic Fellow-Citizens of ths city and
county of Lancaster, who were ever first
and foremost to urge you upon the stire
of public life, retain for you undiminished
attachment, confidence, and respect. To
them your unsullied pri vate and your brill
iant public career have been alike a source
of heartfelt satisfaction. They have beea
especially gratified with the important part
you have taken in the foreign and domes
tie policy of the late administration, which
for the magnirude and success of its mea
sures, is without a parallel on the page of
our country's history.
We beg leave, therefore, on your return
to private life, to welcome you to the so
ciety of your former neighbors and friends,
and beg your acceptance of a public din
ner at such time as may best comport wit'i
your convenience.
Lancaster,
April 5,
1840.
i t
r ellow-Utiize.'is: Accept
my cord:ai
and grateful acknowledgments for ths very
kind welcome which you have extended
to me, on my return to the place from
which my heart has never wander-ad.
Satisfied with the public honors and pub
lic offices, I feel happy in the prospect Of
passing the remainder of my days among
the cherished friends and companions of
my youth and their worthy descendants.
Henceforward, it shall be my ambition, to
perform, usefully and acceptably, the du
ties of a private citizen.
To my fellow-citizens of Lancaster
county I am personally, professionally, and
politically indebted for as much kindness
and support as they have ever bestowed
upon any oilier individual Seven tim?s
have I been before them as a candidate for
office, and seven limes have they honored
me with a large majority of their suffra
ges. Whilst 1 deeply regret that at pres-
JjcnMhe majority honestly differ from me
I in po1i0 JM run a
' jr .in. i t
every .rSrrTTe t tillS
circumstance
XrW'r"::' i -atlons for past
Ld.ll llUtl i.uuvv.ii -e
favors recorded on a gratelul heart.
You state truly that "many and trying
ve been the scenes through which the
Republic has passed exciung and mo
inpntnns thf issues decided by the Federal
Government," during the long period oi
. . . , . r
ror.-n tViin (tranti'-sRvpn vears since 1 nrsi
Illi biAcxm j j
took my seat, in December, 1821, as your
Itepresentative muuugicas, aix .--time
the country has advanced, rapiuly
and steadily, in prosperity and power, un
der the guidance of Democratic principles,
with but a few brief interruptions, l tic
impartial historian who shall carefully
trace events to their causes will find' that
whenever these principles have been de
parted from in the administration of the
Government, whether State or National,
disastrous consequences tiare followed;
whilst a steady adherence to them has uni
formly promoted the welfare of the coun-
trv. For my own part, after long expe
rience, it is mv solemn and liberal convic
tion that their prevalence is necessary not
only to the harmony ot the states, oui io
the perpetuity ot the union.
Whilst the Democracy has. ever
built
r.non it3 -eicat foundations, it has not re
mained st- "onary in ths developement of
its principles, when all the world around
it has beejaftn progress- On the contrary,
recognizing'the right of the people to con
trol their Government, it has ever advoca
ted the extention of their power over their
own agents, and every where with the
happiest results. This may be called pro
gressive Democracy; but it is in fact the
great conservative safeguard of our liberty,
property, xmd union. Universal fcullrage
combined with universal Education can
alone, under the blessing of Providence,
correct the tendency of power to steal from
&3 many to the few, and successfully re
sisi the encroachments of capital upon the
rights of labor encroachments winch
have been made in all countries and un
der til Governments of which we have
any, historical record.
Under these deep convictions, I shall
ever adhere to the Democratic creed, and
asJa private citizen shall always cor
diilly support Democratic men and
measures. This unquestionable right,
however, shall be exercised by me. with
kind personal feelings towards political
opponents. To worship1 God according
to the dictates of his own conscience, and
to form and express his political opinions,
are inherent rights of every American citi
zen; and to assail and persecute any nan
or any party for the exercise of the.se sa
cred rights would be to violate the precept;
of Christian charity, the spirit of our in
stitutions, and the dictates, o; true policy.
It would ill become rcie to state the part
i nae lawen in me HTiar.y exeitinand mo
mentous political questions to which you
reier, uiai nave aguated the country du
ring the period cf my public service. My
greatest hor.or and highest reward, next to
the approbation of my own conscience,
are that I have been sustained throughout
my past career by the intelligent, faithful,
and glorious Democracy of my native
State. I might add, that I have enjoyed
. i r
line connuence ol every Democratic ad
ministration of the Federal Government
since I first took my seat in Congress,
commencing with that of Mr. Monroe
from all of which I hive received volunta
ry offices of high and honorable appoint
ments. The administration of James K.
Polk, in which I bore a part, I am con
tent to leave to the impartial historian.
In returning amongst you, it shall be
my pride and my pleasure, as a private
citizen, to sustain the Democracy of this
renowned old county, whether in prosper
ity or adversity, and to promote by all
honorable means the harmony of the par
ty. In union alone there is srrength.
I regret that circumstances which 1
need not detail deprive me of the pleasure
of accepting your kind invitation to a pub
lic dinner; but I regret this the less as
such meetings at best partake in some de
gree of a formal character, and it is my de
sire to mingle freely among my old friends
and neighbors of Lancaster county, with
out the least restraint. I, therefore, in
turn, earnestly invite you, one and all, to
call and see me at my residence, as often
as your convenience may permit, where
you shall meet a cordial and grateful wel
come from
Your friend and fellow-citizen,
JAMES BUCHANAN.
To Hon. Ellis Lewis, Michael Carpenter,
William B. Fordney, Dr. N. W. Sam
ple, Joel Lightner, Capt. John Steele,
and nearlv a thousand others. -
Remarkable Toiiits in Pennsylvania Politics.
It is a singular fact in the history of our
Siate that precisely every fifth election for
Governor has resulted in the choice of a
Federalist. The Democratic party has
been successful in twenty, gubernatorial
contests out of twenty-four, or four out of
each live.
After the organization of parties Mif
flin was twice elected, and McKeax
twice, as a Democrat. During the second
term of the latter named gentleman, he
quarreled with his part-. The party re
pudiated him and nominated Simox Sny
der as their candidate. McKean was
taken up by the Federalists and elected.
This was the first Federal governor.
After McKean retired the Democrats
elected Snyder three times and Fixdlay
once. Then IIeister the. Federal candi-
didate was carried by a small majority.
Siiulze, the Democratic candidate suc
ceeded IIeister by an overwhelming vote.
He was twice elected, and Wolf his suc
cessor was also twice elected. Then came
the disastrous and- fat administration of
Ritner; chosen by a minority of tho peo
ple in consequence ol a division
llpmni!,.itif nirf?
Ritner went out in disgrace, and the
Democrats elected Porter twice and
Shc'XK twice. The unlucky period had
come aain, (hastcued by Shunk's resig
nation,fand Johnston succeeded by a ma
jority of a Htde less than thrre hundred
votes.
AU these Federal administrations have
hppn failures :rross, entire, total failures.
In the cases of McKean, IIeister, and
' t-J - m
Ritner, the powerful reaction ot public
opinion in tavor oi uie ucukjlj o
sufficient proof of their popular condem-
nation. The tide is aireauy rouiug iu
against Johnston with an equally irris-
t ihlp force. These administrations have
I. nil nlikfi in one respect; they all dis-
.nnnintPil their friends and verified tl
worst predictions of their enemies. But
though generically similar, there are spe
JfiTlifTprences between them which serve
to distinguish each from all the rest. Mc
KFAx'swas the ablest; Heister's the
most harmless: Ritners the most ruin-
nnd Johnston's the most, timid.
Federalism like every other evil thing,
arrows worse as it gets older it has fallen
a most pernicious height irom jjicmas
to Johnston!
III T 'Mf
. 1 1
tvt. a. i . -morl-ikl rk tl-iinrr in iVrc
reminiscences is me curious laci mai tmy
. i r , T
one of ine reaerai uroverTiurs una
apostate Democrat and all were compara
of the f ederal uovernors
tively recent converts when they were
taken ut bv the Federalists. Neither of ,
them supported the administrations of the
others. McKean had been the trusted
champion of the Democracy before he
turned. Heister had been a warm and
efficient friend of Snyders against Mc
Kean. Ritner opposed IIeister, and
Johnston opposed IJitner. Every time
the Federalists got the government into
their hands they made themselves so odious
that they could never elect another man
who was not able to show that he had no
connection with the party when it was in
power before. All of their successful
candidates won whatever popularity they
possessed in the ranks of the Democratic
party. In their political action they adopt
ed one of the great principles of free
trade they bought the confidence of the
people in the cheapest market and sold it
in the dearest. Tii trik of rhin-rinir the
party name was adopted by them all. The
iuciyean men called themselves "Inde
pendent Republicans:" the IIeister men
"Friends of Keform:" the R itner men
"Ap.'a-masons;" and the Johnston men
xvctuid vi infill ncic n linn"
to be called by their true name "Federal
ists."
If. we judge of the future by the past,
no manjkvho is now a member of the red
eral party, or a supporter of Johnston,
can beelscted Governor of Pennsylvania.
Jiui prooayiy, in twelve or niteen years,
some Democrat who is now winning srold
en opinions and building up a reputation
lor sound principles, by opposing the State
Administration, will have carried his char
acter over into the Federal market, and by
protesting that he is still a Democrat, he
may, on that and on other false pretences-,
orpt vntpa nnrmrrti tr rl rrt liini ond flint? in
the fulness of time, Federalism may enjoy
another brief triumph. Who the unlucky
individual may be that is destined to re
ceive this doubtful reward for his future
apostacy, we have no means of conjectur
ing. We are glad that we don't know.
Pennsylvania!. j
An Ehclivc Judiciary.
We are indebted to the Harrisburg Key
stone for the resolution of the Legislature
providing for a vote upon the proposed a
mendment of the Constitution of this State
making the Judges elective by the people.
The Constitution makes provision for the
amendment of that instrument in a very
plain manner. The resolution in favor ol
such amendment, which follows, haing
been adopted by a majority of our Legis
lature, it must now pass by a majority of
the Legislature which shall meet-:?t Har
risburg in January of 1850 'and,' in the
language of the Constituiion, 'such propo
sed amendment or amendments shall be
submitted to the people in such manner,
and at such time, at least three months af
ter being so agreed to by the two Houses,
as the legislature shall prescribe; and if the
people shall approve and ratify such a
mendments by a majority of the qualified
voters of this state voting thereon, such a
mendment or amendments shall become a
part of the consiitution, but no amend
ment or amendments shall be submi fed
to the people oftener than once in five
years; Provided, That if more than one
amendment be submitted, they shall be
submitted in such manner and form, that
the people may vote for or ajrainst each
amendment seperateiy and distinctly
The following is the resolution adoi
adopted
by the Legislature:
Resolved &c, That the constitution of
this commonwealth be amended in the
second section of the fifth article so that
it shall read as follows: The iudo-es in thp
supreme court, of the several courts of
common pleas, and of such other courts
of record, as arc or shall be estabVished by
law, shall be elected by the qualified elec
tors of the common wealth in the manner
following, to wit: The judges of the su
preme court by the qualified electors of
the commonwealth at large, the president
judges ol the several courts of common
pleas and ot such other courts of record as
are, or shall be established by law, and
all other judges required to be learned in
the law, by the qualified electors of the
respective districts over which they are to
preside or act as judges, and the associate
judges of the courts of common nleas hv
the qualified electors of the counties res
pectively. "
iold their offices for the term of fifteen
years, if they shall so Ion? behave them
selves well, (subject to the allottment here
in after provided lor, subsequent to the
first election.) The president judges of
the several courts of common pleas and of
such ot.her courts of record as are or shall
be established by law, and all other judges
required to be learned in the law, shall
hold their otices for the term often years,
if they shall t"o long behave themselves
well. The associate judges of the courts
of common picas shall hold their offices
for the term ot live years, it they shall so
long behave themselves well all of whom
shall be commissioned by the governor;
but for any reasonable cause which shall
not be sumciett grounds of impeachment,
the governor shall remove any of them on
the address ol two thirds ot each branch
of the legislature.
The first election shall take place at thn
general election of tbis commonwealth,
next after the adoption of this amendment.
and the commissions of all the judges who
may oe then in othce shall expire on the
first Monday of December following when
uic ic mis ui me new juuges snau com
mence. The persons who shall then be
elected judges of the supreme court shall
hold their offices as follows: one of them
( for three vpnrc. rrt r fm-
I vi n r . i - .
lor
ume ouc ior iweive years, and
for fifteen years; the term cf each to be
decided by lot by the said judges u socn
after the election as convenient, and th
result certified by them to the mrJ!
one
that the commissions may be issued in
cordance thereto. . The j udge whose com.
mission will first expire shall be chief jus
tice during his term, and thereafter
judge whose commission shall first exDie
sua.li iu iuiu oe me cruei justice; and" "if
two or more, commissions shall expire nr
the same day, the judges holding then
shall decide bv lot which shall ho-.. v
clue! Justice. Any vacancies, happening
by death, resignation or otherwise; in aay
of the said courts, shall be filled bv ap
pointment by the governor, to con.i:m
till the first Mondiy of December succeed
ing the next general election. ThejuJ2es
ol the supreme court and the president of
the several of common pleas shall at stated
times receive for their services an adequate
compensation to be fixed by law, which
shall not be diminished durinz their con
tinuance in office, but they shall receive
no fees or perquisites of office, nor hold
any other office of profit under this com
monwealth, - or under the government of
the United States, or any other state of
this union. The judges of the supreme
court during their continuance in office
shall reside within this commonwealth, and
the other judges during their continuance
in office shall reside within the district or
county for which they were respectively
elected.
Curious Mechanism, of Olden Time-
Machines made to stimulate living ac
tions have been constructed in all ages,
Archytas of Tarentum, an able astronomer
and geometrician, who flourished four hun
dred years before the Christian era, is said
to have made a wooden pigeon that could
fly; and Archimedes seems to have devo--
ted no small portion of his time to similir
mechanism- John Muller, a German as
tronomer ol the fifteenth century, con
structed a wooden eacle. that flew forth
rom the city met the emperor;, sauted.
urn, and returnedr he a so made an iron
fly, which hew out of his hand at a feast,
and returned after sporting about the room.
t was said that these machines were noth
ing more than an ingenious application of
the magnet. Alburtus Marrnus spent tliir-
ty years in making a speaking figure; B-
con constiucted another; and br. iluck.
succeeded in framing a flying chariot, ca
pable of supporting itself fjr some lime
in the air. Le Droz, a Swiss watchmaker
also executed very curious pieces of flying
mechanism. Une was a clock, presented
to the king of Spain, which had, among
odier curiosities, a sheep thit imitated the
bleating ot a natural oue; and a dog watch
ing a basket ol fruit, which barked and
snarled when any one attended to-lift it:
besides a number of human figures, exhib-
"'"o iiwiu u my sui uiisuit;. XllOiliCr
automaton of Le Droz's was a figure of a
man, about the natural size, which held in
the hand a pencd, and by touching as rin
that released the internal clockwork fro a
i.s stop, the figure began to draw cn a cardr
and having finished its drawing on t ie first
card, it rested, and then proceeded to draw
different subjects on five or six other ca:ds.
The first card exhibited elegant porirai-s
of the k'ng and queen, fi-cinj each other;
and the figure was observed to lift th : pen
cil with the greatest precision, in the tran
sition from one point to another, widiout
making the slightest slur.
One of the most celebrated mechanic's1
in recent times was M. Vaucansou, of the
Paris Academy of Sciences. In 1733
this gentleman exhibited to the academi
cians his celebrated flute-player, which was
by far the most wonderful and curious ma-"
chine ever presented to t'le world. It was
the figure of a man. the size of life, who -
played on the flute sweetlv to the number
of twenty tunes. The astonishing me- "
chanism of this figure was able to produce
all the motionsVequisite for an expert play
er on the flute, and which he executed in
such a manner as to produce music equal
in beauty to that derived from the exertions
of a well practised living performer.
oome ol. Vaucasons other automata.
were still more ingenious than his flute
player. His mechanical performer on the
pipe and tabor, constructed in 1741, was -
capable of playing about twenty airs, con- -
sistmg ol minuets, ngadoons, and country
dances. His celebrated duck was capable
of eating, drinking, and imitating exaedy
the voice of a natural one: and what is
still more surprising, the food h swallowed '
was evacuated in a digested state, or at
least in an al.ered state by means of che
mical solution. The wings, viscera, and
bones were made to resemble those of a "
living duck, and the actions of eating and
drinking showed the strongest resemblance
even to the muddlimr the water with its
bill. V :
About twenty years after Vaucanson
had astonished the world with his mechan
ical inventions, Kempelen, a Hungarian.
gentleman, produced his automaton chess-
player. This machm3 was considered;
more wonderful than any which had pre
ceded it, until it was ascertained that a
small living man was concealed in the body
ot the figure, when all the novelty ceased,,
and automaton chess-players became quits
common.
Onr Minister in Mnira.
A correspondent of the New York Her
ald, writing from Mexico, relates the fol
lowing: . ..
I called to-day on Mr. Clifford, the A
mencan Minister. He lives in very good
style, in front of a spacious domicil, in the
rear of - which resides Mr. Hargous, the
well known Mexican mAPibant. whose
business extends throughout all Mexico,
has arri