=
==
#itOlt . irlfttrf Pstig.
• !artily ; a grain,has poisoned a tiorson
fatally; two grains poisons fQbblly at
while 960 grains have tailed to
pohion fatally; . the fetal result is not al-
Ways in Same time but. varies widely
from two hours to 'two years. , pifferent
individuals have different Powers of
bearing the effects of arsenic, depending
Upon conditions of health and various
other causes, and the same individual has
• at different times widely different tolerant
powers: If trained to taking arsenic, by
graduallir fricreasing the 'quautity ;
person May'become so able to bear its
presence or effects, as in time to take.
\with impunity what would be considered
' fatal amounts ; thus the arsenic eaters of
Styria are able to take five grains of ar-.
undo at a time with impunity; this
tolerance of'- arsenic having been
eddied to a certain extririt;aiid the per- -
son fooling that it is going too far, and
desiring to suspend its 'use, would in all
probability, Auickly die, if ho did so,. sud
denly; but if ho comes down the hill
by gradual steps, asire wont up, dimin
ishing the quantity day by day, he may
finally come td - the starting pOint and do
• that with impunity ; as with the con
firmed inebriate, who, increasing his'
drams,- roaches ther extreme limit at,
which ho can 'hear it. If, by accident,
he break his leg, and the surgeon forbid
him taking any liquors the serious chance
is that he will go into delirium troinens
or mania potu...:The sudden leaving off
• of that stimulant leaves him in that con-.
dition. If he come down gradually be
may reach the point of sobriety without
any serious results. It is well known
' that arsenic, no matter how adminis- -
tared, whether by the stomach or by rib
' sorption through the skin, or_ by appli
cation to a wound, has a very special
tendency to G,t, upon the .bowels and
stomach, and if it acts upon the bowels
and stomach it may derange them how
soever introduced. - Ifit doesnot.derange
them it leaves them more susceptible-to
causes of inflammatory disease.: If no •
-- indigestible food should_ be_ taken into
the stomach, or anything else would act,
upon the system tending to or pro
ducing irritation of those organs,
the arsenic in the ' system, having
the same tendency, would, in mi
opintoriThrerease - the - inflainmatiom-and, -
thus set up symptoms of gastro enteritis.
Q. Row far would a chemist rely umm
Tteiiieh's,rest and the octobedral tests
when the quantity of arsenic is almost
infinitesimal?
A. The chemist may be -within him:
self sufficiently satialled with that test
with its eight-sided crystals, when, with
him it is a mere matter of opinioti;"or
' even when property is involved, but iu
4 1; the grave hero of lifo'or death I sh• m td
!kit be satisfied IP relying exclusively oil
that test and those eight-sided crystals,
nor should I be satisfied until I had ex
hausted and traveled over'and ov r again
the prominent testa' which the , higb an
thoriries give ; these tests I gave to you
• before ; may have omitted some unim
portant. details ; the, chemist works by
rigid rules ; there arc other-substances
which will give eight-sided crystals much
resembling those 'of arsenic, this is a
matter of fact outside these circum
stance's. Them. are substances 'which
'-might find themselves in a tube which
would have titit eight-sidCd crystals, but
which do not legitimately come from the
Reinsch test ; if some ono gave me a
tube contain ug eight-sided arsenical
c;rystals, and I were criminal enough,
could remove them, and substitute I
eight-sided crystals that could not be
distinguished from arsenical crystals
without further investigation, and •yet
Outlining no arsenic.
Q. Could a drop of Fowler's solution,
accidentally getting upon a box, such
as Dr. Rand analyzed, and drying, be
afterwards detected by the process fol
lowed by Dr. Rand? '
e A. It could with the greatest facility ;
from experiments which my friend, Dr.
Reese and I have made, the one-tenth
part of one drop, amounting to one
twelfth hundredth part of a grain can
be detected, to say nothing of how Much
smaller quantity could he. Having per
formed these experiments truly late
yesterday, we had not the advantegel'of
the best light ; I Mu 'not willing to Say
anything yet in regard to the onelixth .
thousandth part of a grain upon which
' wc,operated. 'We obtained the one-tenth
part of 'the drop by putlitig a drop of
Fowler's elution into 9 drops of water,
and Mott taking one drop of this solution.
The doctor beret:M(3W iuto au explana
tion of the process they used ih die-
• covering the one-tenth 'of a drop
from the - box, by the method adopted by
Dr. Rand, •and from the experiment
Caine to'tho conclusion that one-tenth of
a drop could have been discovered.
•°. The praeticu . of chemists when re
ceiving substancerfaimposed to cout:tiu
poison, is to enquire wheic ft came front
, and by, wit:al:tut/bray it was sof t and
to whom we am to look for comptaina
tion, and totike pains to ascertain that it
has came to us so protected so that titer-,
Was
,it was tainpereil
with ; and if
-the chain bo not complete
in that respect, we refuse to have any,
thing to-do with it. I frequently, and I
knovi that other chemists, do the same,
who, like myself, receive letters request
ing us to analyze for poison' which we
refuse •to'do:. I dOn!t say 'the tube con
tains the one, six-thousandth part of a
grain, as I have not been able to see it
with those eyes which would make it
definite—the microscope..
One-fiftieth of a drop of Fovider's cola.
tion represents one six-thousandth of a
:grain 'of arsenic:
By ,the, Court. --When a person has
taken I 6 grains of arsenic in Fowler's
solution and poWderri and pills, during a
period , of 8 months, would gastro enter
itis bo more likely to bo caused by eating
Unwholesome food than if no arsenicpad
been previously taken medicinally?,
A.—l think it would, and even if .a
much smaller amount had been taken in
that period it would. I frequently make,
analysis of, substances supposed to con
tain poison. •
croee examined by Mr. .11141dughliTh.
I'give testimony' to the fact thrit
Band is a skillful chemist, and a man of
high reputation ; occupying , the position
of profaner 'of eheinbitry in the Jefferson
Medical College, gives him naturally
• Buell reputation. . • ,
Q. What ,do you mean by arsenic
taken medicinally, remaining in, the
• system a considerable. ,
" When- . we-speak of arsenic being in
the stomach, the ' term 'has two very
diLibient meanings it may be inside the
caVity of the sternapb u like water in that
glass; but if .1 throw the water out of
glaini; ifwater entered Into ateimobition
of glass you WOuld say water wad in the
glues ;.;or If I bad shot in the tumbler It
would contain itiad; but throw thO Shot
out and there' would still be lead in it—
' being in the toddy of en* Bo' with
the arsenic in tiuk stomach. Hence, a
person may vumit all the arsenic out of
, the stomach and yet the structure con:.
tain ars tllc. Arstliiio id holtitien hitatitln
hp by absorption mute' rtifildly than
solid arsenki. : Solid arsenic is nottialion
up at a11....1t must become dissolved be
foie it can be taken up.!.. The absorption
of arsenic varies as to timo very widely
Recording to circumstances. It is -im
possible to prescribe the time w ith dell
nivness, :hough on an emptyatornaoli
the solution may begin to bo taken up
immediately. On a full stomach it would
bo retarded. If it have fair opportunity
it may be absorbed—some of it—as 'soon
as it comes in contact with the mucous
membrane of the stomach. '
Answer to question in regard to Sti
Therapeutics.—Dr. Stifle is recognized.
as among the authorities. If a person
take a little astringent, medicine before
swallowing arsenic the absorption would
bo very much retarded.
— Court adjourned— .-
FRIDAY AFTERICOON
J• H. NONAMAKER, .81.0011.
I live in Mechanicsburg ; am in the
drug business ; have been for three years;
never sold John Kiehl any poison.
P. B. Britton, sworn.
Iliv&in Mechaniehliurg. Am in the
drug business. Never sold Kiehl any
medicine.
DR. ALFRED DAT, morn. -
Live in Mechanicsburg. Arn.a drug=
gist and- physician. Never sold any
poisOn to John Kiehl.
ALEXANDER FORDEt3, sworn.
I livo in Chambersburg. Had been a
druggist in Newvillo up to the twentieth
of April. Didn't sell John Kiehl any ar
senic as I know of.
J. W. BYER% Bloom ' •
reside iu Mechanicsburg. Have
been s'druggist, for 2 years, Never-sold
Kiehl auy poison. Never saw him be
fore.
Dn. S. S. HOOVER, sworn.
I reside in Newvillo. Have been a
druggist for 2 years. Never sold Kiohl
any poison. .Never saw bin before.
Itnor. ROOEIIB, recalled.— Cross examined.
The absorption of arsenic would de
pend on the condition of - thThitnach,
whether full or empty, diseased or oth
erwise, and upon what. might have been
previously taken into it. In an ordi
narily healthy person, if the stom !eh
re-emfityl u.ease-of-F-owlees - soltrtim
the absorption would commence imme
diately. It Would then be carried by
to different parts of the body.
It teaches some portions of Clio body al
most as soon heaters; first, it reaches
`the mucous membrane, then absorbents
take it tip and carry it, into the c-rcula
tion. This is an immediate process. I
cannot tell how lung 10 drops of Few
solui um would reniaia in the stom
ach. We have no data to tell how long
18 drops of Fowler's solution, taken in 3
doses menu day, would remain iu the
.
stornaeb or would be - entirely absor .l bed
from the stomach into the - circulatiou.
Q.—What is . your opinion? A.—l can
form no opinion. I presume it would be
taken up into the circulation in 2 bays—
think it world be taken up in one day.
If the stomach were full when the soh':
tiou wits taken as before mentioned, it
woull be taken up in one day. I think
if food were in a digestible conditioh.to
pas- away it would. . —ls it laid down
in books that arsenic In sOltition would
be taken up into circulation more rap
idly than any other metallic substances
ru solution, and that the process of tak
ing up arsenic into circulation islo3lllo
- ? A..-1 don't think they say it is
taken up inoie readily. I think that
'the taking up Ununthattly of arsenic
into the eir.mlation is so apparent, trial,
the question would not arise. It is• so
well-knoom a physiologic d fact, that it
would be known to the merest medical
tyro, and yet. cases have been found in
which arsenic has not boon detected ru
the tissues, this depending upon other
circumstances. Too days might or
might not be lung enough for the ab
sorbents to take into solution one t o enty
fourth part of a grain of arsenic taken
three times a day in pills. Orfila is
recognized as go&d authority. He was
fully up to histime, but later w-irks have,
in a measure, superceded it. I recognize
Dr. Wormly, as very high authority.
If the kidneys are diseased by which the
flow. of urine is ,interfered with, the
.oimination by that source cannot be as
rapid as ordinarily. ,Arsenic might be
eliminated in 15 days—in less or' in '
more. By an examination of the kid
neys Innean making sections into the
cavity, and of the ovaries by cutting
them throl.gh And through. I will not
pass any opinion on the autopsy as far
as the examination of 'ovules were con
cerned, as I never paid ibucit attention
to obstetrics. The effect of death from
disease of the heart would be most mani
retain symptoms of heart itzelf. Ido
not believe that enlargement of heart
would cause death by vomiting.
Q. When arsenic, administored meai
'-inally, when healthful 'effects are
,cle
sired, how do the symptoms manifest
themselves? -
A. They intilifest themselves variously
.acute diu.,- Ltitiiti • conilit.on.ortho .sistem.
for which it was, administered, accord
ing to the quaittity administered. The
effects oramenic are subject to modifica
tions, as is the case withlii.jgreat many
other remedies. There 11213 no invari
able or fixed symptoms, you have sense
of weakness, faintness, nausea, sickness .
Of stomach aad many .othersymptoms.
In case of eloW action of arsenio the
symptoms vary as widely as those from
a large dose. In order to satisfy me
that arsenic, was present, Dr. Rand after
obtaining the black or steel-gray coating
should have sublimed it or driven it from
the copper foil, after, placing it in' the
proper tubes, so as to receive the eight=
sided - crystals. These crystals should
have been subjected to the Marsh test
and its modifications, to the_ reduction
and to the liquid tests. By, the liquid
test I moan the treatment of a .solution
of the crystals in nitric acid, by a solu
tion of .ammoulacal nitrate of silver,
ammoniaeal sulphate of copper, and 'a
stream of sulphureted hydrogen gas, re
spectively. Icsaw the major part 5f the
sublimates Dr. Rand bad. I think
there is arsenic there that opinion
Weald not allow me to rest at that
point in the investigation when agrave
issue is before mo such as this one. ,
In regard to my opinion of the sublimate
olained from the box, I can only au
swer as I did the last question. Q. Could
the other tests not be applied to the
dreount - intube obtained from box? 'lt
is so extremely small that While I should
be most anxious to apply all those test's,
I should fear
,I should fail to obtain any
satisfactory result."' Therefore, unless
I could, obtain additional.conflrmation iuf
that opinion, I should remain in Mit
'opinion.. I mean that with the • dark
material on copper, and the extremely
minute quantity of arsenic visible odly
In a few crystals_ under a powerful
microscope, I simply entertain tho oplo
' ion thatit is arsenic with the qualifies
diens before mado ; the quantity, how
.
°ler, is so extremely minute that while
I should desire 'to appy those tests
Which l biLVI:I inetitionnti Ue impiirtatiti,
t should leaf lymild
any ,Lltisfinittlry , result, ddd if L did fail
to obtain iuch,tsbouldbe of tbe't,saniti
opinion.' We -used Reiiihoh's test 'in'
analysis of,box last night
Q. - Does Wormly say in tiler -book that
Beinseles test is preferal)le in medico:
legal examinations because it' does not
detect the presence of extremely minute
particles pf, arsenic that, Marsh's ,test,
does ?
-A.. I. cannot say in what connection
Wormly says that, but I feel quite as
sured that recommending Reinsch's test
was never intended ,to confine itto that
alone. I re'cognizo Tardieu4ts a valuable
work which gives us valuable informa
tion.
.... _ . .
Q.. Do either Wormley or TaylOr lay
down different rules- for obtaining the
quantity of tirs , fic different from that
pursued by D.. fiand ? -
A. The processes 'in all details are not
the same in ono as' lb the , other. Dr.
Wormley does mit lay down the process
Dr. Rand used, but requires additional
•precautinns. Taylor is an older work
than Wormley, Dr. Doremus, of New
'York, is - a, very , superior chemist._ Do
nut know that he fecommends the course
pursued by Dr. Rand. Not to stomach.
and liver the - organ 4 -that would ahoy;
the greatest quantity of arsenic.relatively,
are bowels, bladder and spleen. The
heart is often the last organ in which art
sonic is found. It is found in the kidneys
and grain. .If found in a section of
small intestines, arsenic would be dis
tributed throughout the whole length of
igtestines. If in a case when there - was
violent purging and vomiting, a certain
quantity of arsenic was found in Stomach;
wcreould draw no conclusion 'as to re
lative quantity taken into the stomach,
the quantity found would not indicate a
large quantity taken. You cannot de
finitely relate the quantity taken to
the quantity , found in the tissues of
the body, because at times a very
large aniouht of arsenic might be taken
and yet very little be found in 'the
- organs- named,and-again-a-little_maybe
taken and a la . rger proportionate amount'
found in the organs named. Do not
know from experience or books any case
where all , the arsenic -was found that
NV - 11 - tTiliou. 'fire — axsenic — is—takon—upi-
carried through the body by circulation,
and deposited in different organs ; and
the stomach receiving so much blood
receives so much of the arsenic taktu—
this independent of that which adheres
to the structure, it being understood that
circulation and absorption had time to
completely take it up .and carry it
through the channels. Q.--:What metals
will volatilize in the Reinsch method-?
A.—Antimony, mercury and arsenic.
Antimony will volatilize ' with the in
tensest heat alcohol will give, 'and your
test tube be yeyxl small so as to bring
the copper foil under the immediate in
fluence of that intense heat. While you
get the arsenic and the mercury readily
volatilized, you will get a displacement
of the antimoy. .simply. Arson% will
7
give eight-sid ql crystals ; antimony will
~,z
not. I sas eight-sided crystals Dr.
Rand had. I _ saw •micro-photographs
Dr. Rand presented. Q.—Did you or
did yon not, in presence of Prof. Reese,
Prof„ limns, Dr. R oyl, W. H. Miller,
esq., and myself M. r. Sadler,) pronounce__
curtain m cro-photographs—those shown
by Dr. Rand=to be the photo,
graphs of eight-sided crystals?
A. I looked at photograph of substance
representeeas taken fro:u box, and I
remarked to some one, I don't know
who, that with that pocket glass the
coarseness of the paper provenfed me
making out the precise figure of the lit
tle object, and I did look through the
microscope at two tubes and saw crys
tals, and they were 8 sided. I looked at
coated copper foil, and it was such as I
would take ,for arsenic without testing.
Dr. Rand did' not say that he used the
corrolprative tests with reference to
precipitate obtained from the stomach
'to prove that it was not organic matter.
I said this morning that some of the
authorities say that those little yellow
masses that aro sometimes found upon
the urine surface of stomach which re
semble sulphide of arsenic, are often .
really a mixture of albumen of fat.' Q.
Might the yellow shot like particles
found in the lilter after the using of the
hydrochloric acid and pronounced, ift. l
opinion of Dr. Hand, to have been orpi
ment, they being crystalline, fat or ulbu•
men ? A; In absence of any statement
from Dr. Rand that he made any exam
ination of them of a chemical kind, the
question is an open one, whether they
are orpiment 'or a mixture of fat
and albumen, He did not demon
strate that they were orpiment.
CONCLUDED NEXT WEEK
........
give (syaliole gut. iitil.
VOL. 71. NO, 48
P.RESIDENPS MESSAGE.
WASUINGTON Die MI II KR 41.-711
dressing my titird annual message to the
Yaw-twitting branch of the government, it
is gratifying' to be able to state that during
'the past year success has generally attended
the effort to execute all hum found upon
the statute book. ..The policy has been not
to iiiquire into the wisdom of hives alrbady
enacted, but to I earn their spirit and inter
est, upd to enforce them accordingly. The
past year has, under wise Providence, been
one of germl prosperity to the nation. It
has, however, been attended with, more
than usual ohastisement, in lose of life'and
property by' storm and fire. Those dims-,
tors have served to call forth the best die-
cents of human nature in our country,
and develop a friendship for us on the part,
of foreign nations which goes far towards .
alleviating the distresses occasioned by
these calamities, and the benevolent who
have so generously shared their means
with the victims of these misfortunes, will
reap their reward in the consciousness of
tidying performed 'a noble act, and in re . -
ceiving the grateful thanks of men, women
children. ,
The relations cif the United States with
foreign, poweri cliqtinue to be friendly.
The- , year has been nn eventful one, in
witnessing two great ndtions, speaking one
language, settling by peaceful arbitration
disputes of long,standini , and liable at any
time to bring those nations into n bloody,
and costly conflict. An example has Olds
been set which, if successful in its final
issue, may be followed by other'Civilizad
nittions and'fitially bo the means of return•.
ing to productive industry, Million's 'of
Men are now maintained to settle the dis
putes of nations by the , bayonet arid, the'
broadside. I trausmit herewith a copy of
•the treaty alludelto, which has been con
cluded since' pie adjournment of Congress
with h'er hritannlc ,majosty, and a copy of
protocols of the conference of , the Commis
sioners by 'v./hont it was negotiated, This
treaty provides a melltdd forndjustin'g the'
questions pimding between the two nntions,
and various questiops are to be.adjustod
- 14'firbitration. . , •
I recommend Congress at an early day
d innlce tho ildcos4tirt" ptvlsion fut. the
tribinnti :at Geneva;lind for the Several,
coriinqsleds. on—the =part of the I.lniteff
StateN'ealled for bji..4to treaty. Kis Mir
jesty,p'e King of Italy, the President of
the Swiss CorifederittiOn, and His Majesty
ho,.Einperor of Brain, have consented on'
the joint. request. of the two powers, to
natie an arbitrator for tlio tribunal at Ge
neva. I hitire,onitsed my (hunks, to be
,suitably oxplosttqd,fev 'the readitiesi with
which the joint - re.qu4t has been don-tidied
.with Lby the appointatent of gentlemen of
- eminence end learning to these important
positions. - His majesty the Emperor of tier
many has boon pleased to comply With a
joint reqta , A of the twp governments and
has eoneented to nutzs arbitrator of- the din
pus ed water bouridary between the United
States awl' Greet ltrititin.- The contract-
ing parties in the treaty have undertaken
to regard as -between, themselves certain
principles 'of - public• law fir which the
(Jailed States have contended (rein the COM
moucument of their history. They liave
also agreed to bring those principles tpthe
knowledge of the other maratime powers,
and to invite thorn to accede to them. Ne
gotiations are going on, us to the form and
mode- by which invitation is to. 'be ex
tended to other powers. .
I recommend that the legislation neces
sary on the part- of the United States to
bring into operatibri articles -ofrtreaty're
luting to. the fisheries and oilier matters
touching the relations of the United States.
towards British North AMorican provinces
to become operittiVe so soon as proper leg
islation shall be had on the;' part of Great
• Britain and its possessions. It is much to
be desired that this legislation may bet ome
operative before the fishermen of the United
States begin to make their arrange
ments for the coming season. I have ad-,
dressed a communication, of which a copy
is transmitted herewith, to the governors
of New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, In
diana, Michigan, Illinois and Wisconsin,
urging upon Ste governors of these states
respectively the necessary action on their
part to carry into effect the object of the
article,df the treaty which contemplates
the use o'ecauttls on either side connected
Wil„Filic nuvtgntiiin of th - e - lake`s - and - riyers.'
forming the boundary on terms of equality
by the inhabitants of both countries. It
is to be hoped that the importonee of .the
ob'ect and the he n elit_s_te_fluAr_the_refranL,
will secure the' speedy approval and logic
- halve sanction of the states concerned.
renew the recommendation for an appro:
priatian for determining the *true position
of the forty-ninth parallel of, lattrude.
where it forms the boundary bet ween,the
United, Suites and the British Not tit
American provinces bet weerL:th. Lake ut
the Woods and tine th e Itt.a‘)o
lountains. The earls action of Cora ren
u this riirouiniendalion would !nit it in
bin power of the nnir department to plitei
a force in the field during next summer.
The resumption of diplomatic relation
between France and Germany has enabled
me i° give directions for the withdrawal
of protection extended to Germans in
France, by the diplomatic and consular
representatives of the United States in that
country. It is just to add that the deli
cate duty of this protection hen been per
formed •by the minister and the consul
general of Paris, and the, various consuls
in France, under the supervision of the
latter. with great kindness .a. 4 well as with
prudence and tact. Their course. has re
ceived the commendation of the German
ueernment, and has wounded no nuseep
ihility of the French. The got . itertinitnit,
f the, Itimpt:ror of Germany continues to
tannest a friendly feeling towards thi
Jrtited State, tend 11 device to 1111111111OliV,
ith the iniler,itti end just policy which
I his government nuliniaills in its relation,
with the Asiatic powers, as well ns with
the South American republics. I have
given assurances that the frlonillx feelings
of the government Ore fully sl u rred by the
people of the United States.
The rati flea! io n of tho consular and
naturalization convention With the Austrm
Hungarian Empire bits been exchanged
have 'been officially itifyvined of the an
nczation of the States of the Church to the
Kingdom of Italy, and , the removal of the
capital of that kingdom to Rome, and In
conformity with the estadishetl • policy of
the United Staten I have recognized this
change. The ratification of the new tromy
of commerce between the United States
and Italy has been exchanged. two
powers have agreed on this treaty that
a•ivato property at sea shall be respected,
iluringa war between the two powers. The
United States have spared no opportunity
of incorporating this role into the obliga
tions of nations.
The forty-first Congress at its third ses
sion nude an appropriation fur an organi
zation of a mixed commission fur adjusting
upon the tlaims of citizens of. the United
§tatmi against Spain, growing out of the
insurrection of Cuba. That commission
has since been organized. I transmit
herewith the correspondence relating to
its formation and its jurisdiction. It is to
lie hoped this commisslim will afford the
complainants a complete remedy for their
injurie.s.
It has been niade the agreeable duty of
,the:'tinited Statesio,preside. avere_confer,„
Mice at Washington between the plenipo
tentiary of Sp6in 611(1' the allied South
American republics, which has resulted
in an armistice, with the reasonable-as
surance of a permanent peace. The inti
mate friendly relations which have so
long existed betiveen the United States
and Russia continue 'undisturbed. The
visit of the' third son of the ' emperor is
proof that thero is no desire on the part of
his gowrntnent to diminish tho cordiality
of these relations. The hospitable rewp
lion which has been given to the grand
dukeis proof that on ,our part we share
the 's;
wishes of that government. The
inexcusable course of theltussinn insnister
at Washington, rendered it necessary to
ask , his recall; and to decline to, longer
receive that functionary as ti•diplomatio
representative. It was impossible—with'
self-respect or with a just regard to the
dignity of the country to :pertait Mr. Cat
aeazy to continue to hold intercourse with
this government after his personal abuse
of a government official, and - during his
persistent interference, through various
omens, with the relations between the
.United States and other' powers. iln ac
eordanee with niy wishei this government
has been relieved - of 'further intercourse
with Mr. Catecazy, and the management
of the imperial legation has passed into
the hands of a gentleman entirely unobjec
tionable. With Japan wo continue to'
maintain intimate relations. The cabinet
of the Mikado has, since the close of the
last session , „of Congressiseleeted citizens
of the Unit4d, States to servo in offices of
i'mportancein several departments of the
government,„ Lig!) , reason .to think that
0
Ahe soletition is duo '*a appreeltitioit of
th4disiliteredness of the policy which the
United States has pursed toward Japan.`
It is our desire to continuo this disitilered..,.
nese and just policy with China and Jbpnn.
The correspondence tranSmitted•licrowith ,
shows there is no disposition On the part ots
this government to swerve frbm' its estab
lished cunt:lie. Prompted 'by a deeitm to
put . an end . to the barbarous treatment of
our shipwre'olied sailor% on the Corcan
Wad t: instructed our • minister at Pekin
to otridertSier td etificlude a convention with .
Corea for securing the, safety and bunion°
treatment Of :such 'Mariners. '-'Admiral
Rodgers was instructed to accompany-him
'With inifficiant force te prdieet liim in case
ot need:' A• small surveying-patty sent.
out, otiyeaching the coast, was treacher
ously attacked; at. t . disadvantitge ; ample oriPortunity wairgiriti.for explanation and
apology for tho insult; neithcir came ; a
force then landed after an arduous march
over a ragged:end .diflidult country. , The
from which forts which the outrages were corn,
milted were reduced by gallant assault and
were 'destroyed. Hay . ing 'thus punished
criminals and having vindicated the honor
of the flag the expedition returned, flailing
it impossible under 'the circumstances to
.concludO, , the desired convention. I re
spectfully refer to the correspondence re
lating thereto herewith submitted, and
leave the subject.for, such notion as Con
gress may see lit to take. The republic of
has not yet repealed tile very odi
jectionable laws establishing what is known
as the t , Free Zone" on the frontiers of the
United States. It is hoped that this may .
yet be done, - and else that more stringent
measures - may be...-takon by that republie
for restraining lawless persons on its fron
tiers. I hope that, 'Mexico by its own .
action will soon relieve this govklrnment of
the difliMilties yip" eriefictd — from these
causes. Our relations with the various
republics rik.....oMitral and' South America
,continue, With ono exception, to be cordial
and friendly. I recommend some action
'by Congress regarding the overdue install
ments under the award of the Venezulean
claims of 186 f,. The internal dissensions
of this government present no justification
for the absence of effort to meet their sol
eran treaty obligations. ratiflcation•
of an extradition treaty with Nicarauga
has been exchanged. It is a subject for
congratulation that the great empire of
Brazil has taken the initiatory step fo r
wards the abolition of slavery. Our rela
tions with that empire, always eerdial,
Will naturally be made more so by this act.
It is not too much to hope that the govern
ment of Brazil Indy hereafter find it fo'r its
nterest ly -right,_te_
advance toward entire :emancipation mere
rapidly than thp present net contemplates.
The trite prosperity and greatness of a
nation is to bo found in the elevation and•
education of its laborers. ,It is a subject
for regret that the reforms in this direc
tion, a hich were voluntarily promised by
the statesmen of Spain have not been
carried out in its West Indies colonies:
The laws and regulations for the :in
parent-abolition of slavery in Cuba and
Porto 'Rico leaves most of the laborers
in bondage, with no hope of vele:l4lin
'il their lives become a burden to their
employers.
ldesire to direct your attention -to--the
fact that the -citizens of the United
States, or persons claiming tobe citizens
of the United States are large holder's in
foreign lands of;,,this specieSX)f property
forbidden by the fundamental- law of
their alleged country. I recommend to
Congress to provide by stringent legisla
tion a suitable remedy againat the hold
ing, owning, or dealing in slaves or be-‘
ing interested in slave pro p erty in foreign
lands, either as owners, hirers, or mort
gages by citizens of the United States.
it is to be regretted that the disturbed
condition of the island of Cuhacontinues
to he a source of annoyance and anxiety.
The existence of a protracted struggle
in such close proximity to our own
territory; without apparent prosTpect of
an early terminition cannot be other
than an object of concern to a people
who, while abstaining from interference
in the affairs of other powers, naturally
desired to see every country in the un
disturbed enjoyment 'of peace, liberty,
and the blessings of free institutions.
Our naval commanders in Cuban waters
have been instructed, in case it should
become necessary, to spare no effort to
protect the lives and property„of bona
,fide Anier,fban 'citizens, and to maintain
the dignity of the flag. It is hoped that
all pending qUestions-with Spain grow
ing out of the affairs in Cuba, may be
adjusted in the spirit of peace and con
ciliation which has hitherto guided the
two powers in their treatment of such
questions, to give importance, and to add
to the efficiency of our diplomatic rela
tions with, Japan and China, and .to
further aid in retaining the good opinion"
of those people and secure to the United -
States its share of the commerce destined
to flow between those nations and the
balance of the commercial — world. I
earnestly recommend that an appropri
ation be, made to support at least four
American youths in each of those coun
tries, to serve as a part of the official
family of our ministers there. Our repre
sentatives would not even then ho
placed upon an equality with the repre
sentatives of Great Britain and of some
Other powers:... As now situated our
representatives in Japan and China have
to depend for interpreters and transla
tors upon natives of 'those countries who
know our language imperfectly or ',pro
cure for the occasion the servieell ''
''efem-•
ployees in foreign business houses or the
inierprotei to other foreign ministers.
I would also recommend liberal measures
for the purpose of posting the American
lines of steamers now plying between
San Francisco and Japan and China, and
the Australianline, almost our only re-
maining lines of ocean steamers, and of
increasing their. service.
Tile national debt has been reduced to
the extent of $813,05 . 7,126.80 •during the
year, and by the timickiation'of national
bOnds at a lower rate of interest,Alie in
terest has been so far diminished that
now the sum to bo raised for the interest
account is nearly $18,000,000 less - than
on the first of March, 1869. It was
highly desirable that this rapid diminu
tion should take place both to strengthen
the credit of the country and to convince
its citizens of their entire ability to meet
every 'dollar of liability without- bank
rupting them. But, in view of the ac
complishreent of these delirable ends; of
the rapid development of the-resources
of thecountryi its increasing; • ability to ,
Meet ,large demands, and the amount
already paid it HI - nbt desirable that the
present resources of the country should
continue to be taxed in order to continuo .
this rapidpayment, and I therefore rec
ommend a modification of both the tar
iff and internal tax laws, and recommend
that all taxes - from internal sources be
abolished except-. those collected from
spirituous, vinous and.malt li,onorii;to
bacco in it its various forms,:and from
,stamps. In re-adjusting the tariff I
suggest that a careful estimate be made
of' the amount of surplus revenue col
lected under the present laws, after-pro
viding for tho'Current expenses of the
government, the Interest aecount and a
sinking fund; that this Surplus be re
duced in micha! manner as to afford the
greatest relief to the greatest • number.
There are many articles not produced at
home, but which enter largely into gen
eral conteimption, through articles which
aro manlufnetnred at' home, snob as.
medicines, compounds, etc., from which
verydittle revenue iS derived, but which
. .
\
enter 3 nto
, getletal use. All such: eta'
cies I recommend to be placed on the
free :list..Should a further rkandidn
prove -advisable, 'I would then recom
mend that it be made upon those cad- .
dos -which' did best boar it without
disturbing horneproduotion or reducing
the wages*oK American labor, I have
.not entered into figures, because to do
'so ivonld be to'repeat what will he laid
befOre you in the'rePort of the Seeretarr
of the treasury. The Present laws for
colledting the revenue parcollectors of
customs small' salaries, but provide for
moieties, shares in all seizures, which,
at principal ports of entry particularly,
-raise the compensation of those officials
to a large sum. It has alwaya
to mons if this : system - must, at times,
work perniciously ; it holds out an in
ducement to dishonest mon, shoUld such
get possession of tliose offices, tc be lax
in , their scrutiny of goods entered, to
enable them - flnally - to make larYe seiz
ures. Your atto 4 ntion is respectfully in
vited to this subject. Continued fluc
tuations in the value of gold as compared
with the national currency has a moat
damaging effect upon - the: increase and
development of the country in keeping
up prices of all articles necessary in
every day fife. It fosters a spirit of
gambling prejtidicial alike to national
morals and the national finances.--If
OA question can he met as to how to
give a fixed value to our currency, that
value 'constantly '''and uniformly ap
proaching par with specie, a very desir
able object will be gained.
For the operations of the army in The
past year, the ( expense of maintaining it,
the estimates for the ensuing,year, and
for continuing sea coast and other im
proveinents conducted under the super
vision of the war department, I refer
you to the accompanying report 'of the
secretary of war.
Leall your attention to the provisions
of - the act . of congress, approved March
1869, which discontinues promotions
the staff corps of the army until pro
vided for by law.
I recommend that the number of ofil
-cersin_each_grade in .the_staff_eoriis_be2
fixed, and that whenever the,number in
any one grade falls below the number so
fixed, that, the vacancy may be filled by
iromotion from the_gra.do-below—l-also
recommend that when the office of chief
of a corps becomes vacant, the ,place
may be filled by selection from the corps
in which the vacancy exists. The re
port of the secretary of the navy shows
an improvement in the number and
efficiency of the naval force without
material increase in the e e xpense of sup
porting it. This is due to 'the policy
which has been adopted and is being ex
tended as fast as our material will admit
of using snuffler vessels as cruisers on
the several stations. By this ineasure
we have been enabled to occupy at once
a larger extent of cruising gromid; to
visit more frequently to posts where the
presence of oar flag is desirable, and
gene_ rally to discharge more efficiently
the appropriate duties of the navy in
time of peace, without exceeding the
number' of men or the expeuditurg
authorized by law. During the past
1? ,,,
year, nav has, in addition to its ,
regular servie', supplied the men and
officers for the, esselsof the comitaurvey,
and has completed the serveys author
ized by congress of the, Isthmus .of
Darien and Tehuantepec, and under like
authority has sent out any expedition
complet6ly furnished and equ pped, to
explore the unknown ocean of the north.
The' suggestions of the report" as to the
necessity .for increasing and improving
the material of the navy, and the plan
recommended for reducing the personnel
of the service to a peace standard by the
gradual abolition of certain grades of
()Ricers, the reduction of others, and.the
employment of,,some in the service of
the commercial marine, are well con
sidered, and dewy() the thoughtful
attention of congress. I also recommend
that all promotions in the navy, above
the. rank of captain, be .by selection
instead of by,seuiority.
This course will seen , e it in the higher
grades, greater efficiency and i.old out .3-11
incentive to young officers 'l improve
themselves in the knowledge of their
profession. The present cost of main
titining the navy, its cost cOMpared wit
that bf the preceding year and the
estimates for -the ensuing year; arc co..
tainei in the accompanying report ..1
tho secretary of the navy.
The enlarged receipts of the poet Alec
department, asshown by the act:owl/Ally
ing report of the postmaster general,
exhibits a gratifying increase in the
branch of the publie t:ervice. It in'the
index of the growth of ducutiuu anrlV
tbo' prosperity of the people ; two
elements highly condueive 'to the vigor
and stability of repulpies, With a vast
territory like ours, much of it sparsely
populated, but all requiring the services
of the mail, it is not at present to . bo
expected that this department can - be
made self-sustaining, but a gradual
approach to this end from year to.year
is confidently relied on. The day is not
far distaiat When ~the Test offieo depart
meet of the .gOVernment will prole a
Enna greater bleesing to the whole
People than it is now. Thu suggestions
of the postmaster general for improve.
manta In the department. presided over
'by him; are earnestly recommended to
your special attention. Especially do I
recommend favorable consideration of
the plan for Milting the. telegraph
system • of the United States with the
postal sy,stem. •It is believed that by
such a course the cost
_of telegraphing
could be mueli reclined, and the service
as well.if not better rendered. It would
secure the further advantage of extend
ing the telegraph through portions of
the country where private enterprise will
not construct it.
Commerce, trade, above all the efforts
to bring a people widely separated into a
community' of Interest, are always bone
fitted by rapid intercommunication.
Education, the, ground-work of republi
eau institutions, is encouraged by the in
creasing of the facilties together speedy
news fnimall paits.of the country, and
the desire to reap the benefit of such im
provements will stimulate education.
rarer you to the report of the post
master geheral for full details of the
aoperation of last year and for com Par-
tive statements of results with fohnor
years. There has boon imposed upon
the executive branch of the government
the execution of the act of congress, ap
proved April 20, 1871, and commonly
known as tho Ku Klux law, m•a portion
of the State of South Carolina. The
necessity of the course pursued will be
demonstrated, by the report of tho'Com:
m Mee to. Investigate Southern Outrages:
Under the provisions of the above act
I issued a proolamation willing the at,'
tontion of the people Of the Unites States
tg the 'same, declaring my roludtatiett to,
exorcise any of the extraordinary,powers
thereby conferred upon me, exceptAn
ease of imperativenocessity, but making
known my purpose to - eierclse such.
powers whenever It should yecome neces•,
hary'to doso, for the purpose of securing
to alleitiien's of the tinged .States .the
peaceful enjoyment of tho rights guaran
teed to them by the Constitution and the
laws. , After the Foliage of this law in-,
formation wati.reeeived, from' time _to
time that .combinations 9f the character
referred to in this law existed add were
powerful in many parts of the Southern
States, particularly in certain counties of
the, State of South Carolina. • Careful
investigation was made, and it Was -as=
cortained that in'nine counties of that
Stiite such combinations wore active and
powerful, embracing a sufficient portion
of the citizens to control the local au
thority and having, among other things,
the object of depriving the emancipated
class of the substantial benefits of pre-:
venting fieedom, and of the free political
action of thOse citizens whO did not
sympathize with their own views.
Among their operations were frequent
seourgings and occasional assassinations,
generally perpetrated at night by Ws.
gUised persons, the victims in almost all
cases being citizens of difliOnt, political
sentiments from their own or freed per ;
sons who bad shown a disposition to claim
equal rights with other citizens.
Thom ands of inoffensive and . well-d is
posed citizens were the sufferers by this
lawless violence. Therefore, on the
twelfth_of October, 1871, aProclamation
was issued in terms of the law, calling
upon the members of those combinations
to disperse within five days, .and to de
liver to tho marshal or military 'officers
of the United States all arms, ammunir
tion, uniform, disguises, and other means
or implements used by them for carry
ing out their unlawful purposes. This
warning' not having been4reeded, on the
seventeenth of October another proclama
tion was issued. suspending the privi
lege .of the writ of. habeas corpus in nine
counties in that State. Directions wore
given that within the comities so desig
nated persons supposed upon creditable
information to be members of such un
lawful combinations should be arrested
by the military forces of the United
States and delivered to the marshal to be
dealt with nceordingto law. In two of
said countfes, York and Spartanburg,
many arrests have been made. the
last account the Dumber of persons thus
-arrested-was une litthill'erdltnd sixty-eight.
Several hundred, whose criminality was
ascertained to be - of an inferior degree,
were released for the present. These
have generally made confessions of their
guilt., Great caution-has been.exercised
in making these arrests, and, notwith
standing the largo number, it is believed
that no innocent person is. pow in cus
tody. The prisoners will ''he held for
regular trial in the judicial tribunals of
the United States. As soon as it apt.
peared that the authorities of the United
States were about to take vigorous
measures tirenforee the law, many per.
son§ absconded, and there is good ground
for supposing that all of such persons
'have violated the laW. A full report of
what •has been done under this law will
be submitted to Congress by. tho At
torney General. " In Utah thein still re
mains a remnant of barbarism repugnant
p civilization, to decency and to the laws
of the United States. Territorial offi
cers, however, have been found who aro
willing to pel-form their duty in a spirit
•of equity and with a duo sense of r,us•
taming the majesty of thelaw. •
Neither polygamy nor any other viola
tion of existing statutes will be permitted
within the territory of the United states.
It is not with the religiTin of the self
styled saints that we, aro now dealing„
but with.their , practicer. They will be
protected in the worship 4, God accord
ing to the dictates of theilrf conscience,
lint they will not be permitted to violate
the laws under the cloak of religion. It
may be advisable for Congress to con
sider what, in the execution of the laws
against polygamy, is to be the status of
plural wives and' their ofnritihg. The
propriety of Congress passing an enab
ling act, authorizing the territorial
legislature of Utah to legitimize all
children horn prior,tl(;; a time llxed in
the act, might be ju•titled by its human
ity to these innocent children. This is
a suggestion only, and not a' recom
mendation.
The policy pursued towauis the In
dian, has resulted favorably, so far as
can be
,judged from the limited time
durin g -, Lich it has been in operation.
Through the exertions of the various
maiietieri of Christians to whoM has been
ii ti usted - the execution'of the . -policy,
and the board of commissioners author
ized by the law of April 10, 1869, mahy
ti Hies of Indians have been , induced to
nettle reservations, to cultivate the soil,
to)lerform productive labor of various
kinds, and to partially acceptciviliza,
Um). •They are being cared for iiitinch
a way, it is hoped, as to induce those
still pursuing their old habits of life to
embrace the only opportunity, which is
left them to avoid extermination. I
recommend, liberal appropriations
carry out the Indian peace policy, not
only because it is humane, Christian
like and economical, but because it is
right ----- I - recommend to your honorable
consideration also the policy of grant
ing a territorial government to the In
dians in -the Indian territo4, west of
Arkansas and Missouri, and south of
Kansas. In'doiug so every right guar
anteed to - the Indians by treaty should
be secured, such a condo might in time
be the means of collecting - most of the
Indians nova between the Missouri and
the Pacific, and south of t the British
possesSions, into one • territory or in a
State. The secretary of the interior has
treated upon this subject at length, and
I - commend to you his suggestions.
..
1 renew my recommendations that the
public lauds be regarded as a heritage
to_p c ur children, to be disposed of only
as required for occupancy and to actual
settlers.l ;Those already granted Dave
been in great part disposed of in such a
way as to secure necrosis to, the balance
by the hardy settler who may wish to
aYafl himselfof them, but caution should
be exercised even in attaining se desir—
able an object.
Educational
~interest may Well be.
Retied by the grant o? the proceeds of
thii . eialeof public lands to aottlers. I do
not wieh'to be misunderstood as recom
mending,.in the-least degree, a curtail-,
moot of what is being done by the
general government for the encourage.
moat, of education. The report of .the
secretary of the interior, submitted with
this, will give you all the' 'information
, ()collected and prepared - for publication'
in regard to the census taken during the
year 1870. The operations of the bureau
of eddeation for the year:; the patent:
O'incii - ; the pension calico ';. the land office
and the Indian bureau.. The report of
the commissioner of agriculture gives
the operations of his department for the,
year, As agriculture is the groundworh.
of out , prosperity, too much importance
:cannot be attaohed to the labore•of •thic
dePartinont:.; It is in the hands . of an,
ablelead.lWith able ' assistants, as 'zeal
ously devoted to, introducing into the.
agricultural. productions of the nation •
all useful prodUetti adapted to any of, the
various- climates .and .soils of our vast
territory, and to - giving , all useful infor
mation as to the method of oultiVatiori
of the plants, serials, and other product§
_adapted to particular loc.slitioi.N4uletly,
but `surely, - the agricultural' bureati is
working a great national good, and if
liberally supported, the more widely its
influence will be
.extended, and the less
dependent ".we shall. be upon the pro.
ducts of foreign countries.
The subject of compensation to the
heads of bureaus and officials holding?
positions of reirponsiffility and requiring..
ability and character, to fill properly is;
one to which , our 'attention invited.
Bet few of the officials receive a compen
sation equal to the respectable. support
of a family,' while their duties are such.
as. to involve millioud of interest in_
private. ~it©bBi`vicos,domand compea.
satiou equal. to the services rendered. A.
wise economy would dictate the same
rule in the government service. have
not given the estimates for the support
of government for the ensuing year, nor
the comparative statement between the
expenditures for the year just gassed
and the one just preceding„ because 'all
these figures aro contained in the accom
panying 'reports or in the one presented
directly to Congress.
- These estimates have-my-approval...--
Moro than six years haVe elapsed since
the last hostile gun was fired betsyeen
the armies then arrayed against each
other—one for the perpetuation, the
other for the destruction of the union—
it may well be considered whether it is
not now time that the disabilities im
posed by the fourteenth amendment
should ho removed. Time amendment
does not exclude the ballot, but only im
poses the disability to hold offices upon
'certain classes. When the purity of the
ballot is, secure majorities aro sore to
elect officers.reflecting the views of the
majority. Ido not see the advantage
or propriety of excluding men from
office merely because they were before
the rebellion of standing and character
sufficient - toTbe — olecterlto — pogitions re
_quiring_them..to_take_oatha___to_support_
the constitution and admitting to eligi •
bility those entertaining precisely the
pme_viesia-but-of—less st.iuding firth kir
communities. It may be said that the
former violated au 'oath: while the latter
diefiot. The latter did not -have it in
their power to do so. if they had taken
this oath it cannot be doubted they-would
have - broken it as did the former class.
If there aro any great criminals dis
tinglished for the part they took in op
position to the government, they might,'
in the judgment of Congre , s, bo excluded
front such, an amnesty. This subject is
submitted for your careful consideration.'
The condition of the Southern States is,
unhappily, not such as all time patriotic , :
citizens would like to roe. Social ostra
cismfor opinion's sake, personal violence
or threats toward persons entertaining
political views opposed to those enter
tained by the of the old citizens
prevents immigration and' the Clow of
much needed capit.il into "the States'
lately in rebellion. it will he a happy
condition of the c-mntry when the old
citizens of those States will tak6 an in
terest in public affairs, promulgate ideas
honestly entertained, vote for men rep
resenting their 'views and tolerate the
Same freedom of ex pressfou and ballot
in those entertaining differmt
convictions.
Under the provisions of the act of tiiii
gross approved February 21, 1871, a
t en-Ito, is I government was organized in
the District of Columbia.. Its results
have thus far fully realized the expecta
tions of its advocates. Under the direc
tion of the territory's officers a system of
improvements has been inaugurated by
means of which Washington is rapidly
becoming a city worthy of the nation'a"
capital. Tho citizens of the district,
having, voluntarily taxed thomrielves to a
large amount for the purpose of con
tributing to the adornment of the seat of
government, I recommend liberal appro
priations on the part. of Congress in order
that- the government m•ty bear, Its just
share of the expense oF' carryitg out a
judicious system of improvements. By
the great lire in Qbica go the Most import
' ant of the government buildings in that
city were consumed, • Those burned had
already
government
inadequate to the wants
of the government in the growing city,
and, lOoking to the near future, were
totally inadequate. ',l:recommend there
fore, that an appropriation be made
immediately to purchase the remainder of
the square ou which the burned buildings
stood, provided it can be purchased at a
fair valuation, or provided that the legisla
ture of Illinois will pas's a law authoriz
ing its condemnation for government
purposes, 'and also an 'appropriation of
as much money as can properly be ex
pended toward the erection of buildings.
During this fisbal year, the number of
immigrants ignorant of our laws, habits,
etc., coming into our country annually,
has become so great and the impositions
practised upon them •so numerous and
'flagrant that I suggest congressional ac
tion for their protection. It seems to
me a fair subject of legislation by Con;
gross. I cannot now state as fully as I
desire the nature of the complaints made
-by .emigiants of the treatment they 're
ceive, but will endeavor to do so during
the session of Congress, particularly if the
subjects should receive yourattention. It
has boon the aide of the administration, to
enforce honesty and efficiency in all public
offices. Every publideervaut who has vio
lated the trust placed in him has been
proceeded against with all the vigor of
the law. o f bad mon have secured places
it has been the fault of thilystem estab
lished by law and custom for making
appointments, or the fault of those who
teconnuend,f9r government positions,
persons not sufficientl s y Well known to
• thernpersonally, or who give letters in- .
doming the characters of office-seekers.
without - a proper sense of the- grave re
sponsibility which such a course devolves
upon _Biotin A civil service reform
which can correct this abuse is 'much
needed: - In mercantile pursuitathe busi-
MEM man who gives a letter of recent
•mendation to a friend to enable him to
obtain credit from a; stranger is, regarded.
as morally responsible for the integrity
of hiefriond, and his ability to , meet his
obligations. A' reformatory law_ which
would enforce this principle' against all
endorsers of persons for public . place,'
would insure groat caution , in making
recommendations: A salutry .le'sson,
has been taught the careless and the din- .
honest pUblio servants in the - great par&
her of ProSectitions and convictions of
]the last two years. It is "gratifying to
notleo -. .the, favorable. change which is
takinlace thioughbut.the . Country • in
bringin
proven i ereant to the triista . conilded to
g-i3to punishment those : who have
them; and in elevating to pUblio office
none - but thoisi who:pefisess the con,,
Ounce of the Inmost and virtuous; who,
it will always be
.found, comprise the
majority of the cummunityju whhihthey
live: . , .
- 1111111011111/11
In my Message to Congress one year
itgo • I 'urgently recommended a .reform,,
iu the civil service of . the i country.' In
conformity with that .roeommeM:hitizm, -
Congress, he the ninth section of an act
making a - Ppropriations , for,sundry Civil
expenses of the government, and ,. for .
other purpoies, approved March p, 1871;
gave the necessary authority to the '
executive to inaugurate a ' service
reform, and placed upon him the re. •
sPonsibility of doing so. Uudee i author-, .
ity of said act, I convened a
,board of
gentlemen, eminently 1 1 . 1i:tilt:led for,
.the
work, to dcotlst rules and regulations .to
effect the needed reform. Their labors
are not yet completed, but it is believed
that they will succeed in deVising
which can ho adapted to i.he greaCreljef
of the e2Ocutive,sthe heads of depart
ments and giembers of .C.ongress,_and
-- Vitae!' will redound to the true interest
of the public service. At all events, - the
experiment shall hare a fair trial.
I have thus' hastily sumMed_ up the
operations ofthe government during the
last year, and made such suggestions as
occur to me. to be koper for. - your con
sideration, and submit them with a con
fidence Unit your combined action will
ho wise, statesmanlike, and in the best
interest of the whole country.
/Signed.) U. S. GRANT.
Executive Mansion, pec. 4, 1871.
Items •
:1
'edbOitt hOide
4 .
THURSDAY, DECEMBER 7, 1871.
. ,
'J'ita alarm' of fire last evening was
ca&md by the accidental burning of a
chimney on East Louther street. The
ilremenyromptly responded to the alarm.
Amolio the. professional, cards in this
week's issue, appears that of lion. James
U. Graham, who having associated with '
him James.ll:„Praham, jr., has resumed
thepiactiee of the law. Judge Graham's
long experience as the Presiding Judge''
of this district, his admitted ability-as a
jurist, his great industry in his pro
fession, and his unquestioned integrity
are known to all the citizens of this
•judieMl district, and will. at once_bring
to him an extensive and lucrative prac
tics: I=ho_now-tirm has-our_bestwishc.s- 7
for their personal a lid professional suc
cess.
H McssAo4.—Pried.
dent Grant's third annual message is pre
sented to the reader in another part ot•
this paper. It is so libel —compared
With situih u • documents—and so business
like iind concise in its si atements, that
a recapitulation of the various questions
which it discusses is ttnneCessa:ry: It
gives a history of the - .condition of the
countiy during the past year in so small
a compass that•every cit:rien should make
-it a point to read it with c.ire. To use
the President's onn tintds, in din-lug
his comemnication to Congress, "lie-Inrs
summed 1111 the nprrulirni rif the gov
ernment during the p.ist }'ear, iimd-tnade
such suggestions as occurred to hint to
be Notrer fm• their crmAideratimi."
PEAK FAMJI,Y 11011, RINOERS.--Our
amusement. loving eitiZernt will In, di.onbt,
hail %%lib pleasure the annoancement of
the return of the'se old favorites. The
following , talented artists will appear itt
a highly attractive and oliginai pro
grant me : Mrs. William 'Peak, Miss FOn-
Me Peak, Mile. Zelda, Mrs. D. Fitz,
Mr. William Peak, "sr_ Piaster Albert
Peak— the youthful bell player and vo
calist, and Mr. J. D. Kelly—the great
London mimic and eccentric musical
genius, who is "immense" in himself.
The bell lintsitrbeitig under the directiim
of William Peak, sr, is hlllECiVnt
Mane tha't "those -evening bells" will,
as they,havc for`so many years past,
still charm all hoards. . This iT4lchrated
troupe of artists will e*hiMt in Rheem's
Hall, on Wetinemiay evening next. Ad
mission, 35 cont., ; reserved seats, 5U
cents; children, 21 cents. Doors open
at 7 o'clock ; entertainment to coal
mence at 8.
LIST OF PATENTS.—Tho ' following
pat entawere issued from the U. S. Patent
Office, to citizens of Pennsylvania, for
the wetk ending November 28..1871.
Reported for THE HERALD by Alex
ander ct, Mason, solicitors of patents,
6O seventh street, Washington, D. C. .
lacing machine attachment, Louis
C. Bristow, et al., 'Wilkesbarre,; bed
bottom, Solon L. Deming, Andrew J.
Derning and R. Alden, Erie ; wash-boil
er, Abralutin S. Kerr, Brainbridge ; ma
chinery for handling- logs in saw n1;16,
Ed ward 11. Stearns, Erie ; sheet-washer
Geo. C. Bailey, Pittsburg; Waslting ma
chine, Jacob A. Boyc'e, Altoona ; shovel,
Robert Calhoun, Allegheny ; soldering
apparatus, John Gracie, l'ittsburg s i pipe
wrench, 'Henry A. Shaniburg ;
steam and water injector, Samuel S.
Jamison, jr., Saltsburg wldilletree
Wm. J. McMaster, Dixniont ; combined
potato masher„, steak pounder and 'ice
breaker, Henri P. Stichtor, Pottsville.
I=
John Griffin, pile for rolling beams,
Ph conixville.
TRIBUTE OF RESPECT.—A. meeting of
the members of the Bar was held in the
Court Room on -Friday morning last.
William IL lliiller, esq., was' called to
the chair, and William Kennedy, esq.;
'ves-chosen Secretary.
. At the request of the chairman, Gen:
Todd, in a Tow brief and appropriate re
marks, announced the death- of 'R. P.--
McClure, esti., which occurred at his
home iu Shipponsburg, during the seP
siott ofl the court, and moved the appoint-
Meet 'of a, committee to draft a series,of_.-
resolntions, expressive of the feelings of
members of the bar at the loss of oncrof
their number so Aniversally respected as
Mr. McClure. R. M. Henderson, W. J.
,Shearer, d. Bt Sharpe and W. M. Pen
rose, esqrs, followed in remarks
Ostia of the character of. the deceased,
his genial disposition, his strict integrity '
and his professional ability.
.The clutirinan, before putting the mo
tion, !mid Ao one could be more• sensible
than himself of the changes death had -
beau' makieg in the bar, for of all the
members of the bar, at the time Mr.
Todd and he react la7w; there was 'not one
.in active 'practice to-day.
Thu motion was passed, and Messrs.
Todd; Henderson and Sharpe were ap
pointeCa committee, and subsequently .
reported the folloWingresphitions, which
were unanimously adopted
Resolved, , That wo have heard with
profound sorrow of the death of our much
esteerned , brother, R. P. McClure, osq.. -
whose amiability and unblemished per
sonal and moremdonal ,lire always. isom
manded oil esteein and'ennfidonee ; and
that wo tender tddlis family and friends
our sympathy in their .bereavement,' oc
eitedonerkby his misfortunes, and untimely
death. .- 1, '
Resolved,..Tbat by his 'death the Bar •
has lost one of its worthiest, most accom
plished members, and the_comminiity a .
practitioner of yam business qualitdes, of
uniform,
.Courteous demeanor,' Mad 'of
Universally accepted and..- recognized .
purity of character.
Resolved,' That our late brother, R. P.
McClure, esq., • was, throughout his
career, eminently distinguished for gen
tlemanly deportment and'a nice sense pf
professional honor,. and for nMitnoss and
accuracy in the transaction of business,
qualities that, made him a valmible and
safe 'cOuneellor, and an influential and
trusted member of Ids profession.
ResOlved, Theta copy of the proceed
ings of this mooting, signed by
. iIY, MB- r .
cars, ho sent to the . family of the de ,
ceased, and that they be published in the•
county newspapers; and also entered /
upon the minutes of the Court.
A truotopy of the minutes. •
MILLER, Piesidebt.
' WILLIAM KICIOTEDT, Secretary.