Eil J. iL WEAKLY.Y. J. AL.:WALLACH. J FIRST ANNUAL MESSAGE OF U. - S. GRANT," , PRESIDENT QF TILE lINITCD STATES, DP ItIVRRED DECEMBER 0, 1860. WASHINGTON, Docombor . 6, 1869. At one o'clock and six. minutes a joint committee, consisting Of Messrs. Wilson and;Thurinan, on the part of the Senate,' and Messrs. Schenck, Dawes, and Wood ward, on the iart of the Honig), waited upon the President to know . if he had anything to communicate to the Houses of Congress. In response the President sent the fol-_ lowing message: . . To the Senate and Howe of Representa qN- I itiGontlemen - : In coming before you for the first time as Chief Magistrate of this groat nation; it is with . gratitude to the Giver of all good for the many bene fits we enjoy. We are hli3ssed withpeace at home and aro . without entangling alliances abroad 'to forbodo trouble. With a territory unsurpassed in fertility, of an area equal to the abimdant,support of five hundred millions of , people, - and abounding in Nwoiy variety of useful minerals, in quantity itufficient to supply the world for generations_; with exuber ant crops k with a "Variety of climate adapted to the production of every species of earth's riches and suited to the habits, tastes, and requirements of every living thing ; with a population of 40,000,000 of free people, all speaking one language, with facilities for every mortal to - acquire an education ; with institutions, closirig to none the avenues to fame or any blessing of fortune that may be coveted ; with freedom of the pulpit, and press, and schools ; With a reienue flowing into the national treasury beyond the requirements of government, happily Order is being . rapidly restored Within our own borders. Manufactures hilherto ithicnown . within our country are springing up in all directions, pro- ducting, a.degree of national' independence unequalled.by that of any other power. These blessings, and countless 'others, are submitted to your care and mine, ,}Wore for safe keeping for the brief , iieciod of onr tenure of office. In a short time we must each of us return to the ranks -of-the.people who have conferred upon us our honors, and account to them for our stewardship. I earnestly desire that neither you nor I may be condemned by a free and enlightened constituency, nor by our consciences. . Emerging. from a rebellion of gigantic magnitude, aided as it was by the sym pathy and assistance of nations With_ which wo were at peace, eleven States of -the Union were, four-years ago, left with out legal,i3tate governments. A. national debt had been contracted—American •commerce was almost driven fro in tho seas; the industry of the country had been taken'from the control of the capi talists and placed where all labor right: fully belongs, "in the keeping of ;iheo laborer, The work of restoring State governmentaloyal to the Union, of pro tooting- and 'fostering_freolabor and pro. vidingrneans for paying the interest on the public debt, has received ample at tention from Congress, although your efforts have not mot with the success, in all particulars that inightliiiveilsoon - de-- sired,Teralfr - fiiiliae, -- tlreirliiWirbiSiiii • more successful' than could have been reasonably anticipated. Seven States which passed ordinances of secession have boon fully: restored to their places in the Union. The eighth, Georgia; hold an election at ' which she ratified her Constitution, republican in form, elected Governor, Members •f Congress, a State 'Legislature, and, all other alms required. The Governor was duly installed find tho Legislature mekand performed all the acts thcri•re. (piked of them by the reconstruction acts of Congress. Subsequently, how ever, . in violation of the Constitution which they had just ratifle/—as since de cided by the Supremo Court of the State —they unseated the colored, members of the Legislature and admitted to seats some members , who aro dis'qualifled by the third clause of the fourteenth amend ment to the Constitution, an . article which,they themselves had contributed to ratify. Under these direurnstances I _would - submit .to you whether it would not be well, without delay, to 'enact a law.authorizing the Governer of Georgia to convene the members originally CAected . to the -Legislature, -- requiring each 'to s take the oath presented by the recon 'struction acts, and none to be admitted ••whaaie ineligible under the third clause of the fourteenth Amendment. The freedmen, - under the protection which they laVe reCOived, are .rtiaking rapid progress in learning, and no com- Jplaints are hoard of lack of industry on their part, where Ahoy rcceive:fair•re . .muneration for their labor. ,„ The means Provided for paying the :interest on the public debt, with all other .expensea of Government, aro more than *table: - The Toss of our 'commerce is the only result of the late rebellion which has not receird sufficient attention from you. To this' übject I call your earnost:atten- tion..:ll not now suggest, plans by whioli this object may be effected, but if necessary,' make it thi3 subject of a iipecial message during the session. At the. March term, Congress, by joint resolution, aUthcirized tho Executive to order elections in the States of Virginia, and. Texas, to submit. to theni the constitutions , which each had 4roiriousli in couyention formed, and '.submit the constitOtions, either entire or . 'in separate • parts, to bo iotetthipon at - the diseption of the Executive. Under 1111's authority elections were called in Virginia. The election took on faith of July,_lB69. The rtiolierpor 'Lieutenant tiovernor elected have been infilalled, the Legislature met and Aid all required by;thisresolution andby • 411 the reconstruction . acts of Congress, and ohstained frau, alLilouhtful author - - ity:7 roceeninanill,thai her Senators end r Itepresentativoi,:bil promptly admitteil to their seats—that' the State be fully t yestored to. its place in tim family of Statei. ' Eleetions Were called in 3fissiti sippi_Ond Texas, to commence on the thirtieth of Novembei, 1909, 'land to last two days in Mississippi and four days in ,iToicas.. The elections have taken pine.; but the result is not known. It is to be hoped that the acts of tho• Legislatures, -of these States, when they meet, will bo • such as to meet your approval, and thus raloselthe Work of recoristmetion. Among the evils growing out of the (1 . I ' ' 7 crt „ Y SI: • ,tIJ ,1 l '`: • ;:i) 4 4, 71 4ir ti;n t t --1 1 4 0 -. : 10 ' 4 .ourlaat,*•ohl' , ,„ , • ,0.11:-.; ?MT 1/1 , lo NO :LTA: 4.17 , I :1 — I • ' "" L ---t•-b;"V 11.,1 .1.11'.14 ` M*11)411. : , , , ‘.01 ; 1•1- ctz. : • 6r _ _ _ _ . „ ftIWZD • • • _ I • ~"/t I I .1 :1 . • , ? elee , , . 4-4+ TE 4 . 1 ," I.t ,411 ),titY ai - bm,:t •F r ~ , „ ;2 t,,, f!,? t , .I.` 1 I • " fl ; , , 3.4 Ai , ' r cf.', -,rA OAP , , . • tr, r "r , t""' 7- •' I • kt+.ll, rebellion, and not yet referred to, is that of an irredeethable currency. 'lt is.ian evil which I hope will receive O'er must careful attention. I£ is a ditty, and One of the highest duties of governmeht, t t , .,' secure to. the. citizen - a-prili,um' of 433.,:- change of fixed, unvarying value:.' `Phi's implies ayeturn to,a specie basis, and no substitute for it can 'be devised: ' It should be commenced now, and readied' at the earliest practicable . moment coe- - ' slate* with a fair, regard tO the Interests: of the debtor class. Immediate resum.P.' tion; if practicable,- would not be deslia- , blth It would compel the debtor clasa 'to Pay beyond their contracts the premium on gold at , the' date of their pprelthae, and would bring bankruptcy and ruin to thousands. Fluctuations, howeiiK in the paper value of - the measure:of - an values, gold, is detrimental to the inter estaof trade. - It makes the 'man of busi ness an involuntary gambler, for in all sales where future payMent ,is to be made, parties speculate 'es to what will, be the \nide of the,,eurreneY to be paid and received. I earnestly recommend to you, then, such legislation as will insure, a gradual return - to specie payments, and put an immediate stop to fluctuation' in the value of currency. The methods; 'to secure the former of these results are as numerous as are the speculgorron 'Political economy. To secure the latter I see but one way, and that is to-author • ize the Treasury to redeemits own paper at a fixed price whenever presented, and to withhold from circulation all chimney - so 'redeemed until sold again for gold.. The vast resourceri'of the nation, birth. developed and undeveloped, 'ought to: make our credit the best on earth. With: a less burden Of taxation than the citi-' zen has endured for six years thrt, the entire public debt could lie paid.in less than ten years ; but it, is not desirable that the people Should be taxed te:l‘air it in that time. Year by year2the,ability to pay increased in a rapid ratio, but file burden of interest ought to be reduced as rapidly as can be done without the violatioii of contract. The public. debt' is represented iu a. great part by bonds; , i , having from do 16 twenty and from fen to forty years t run; bearing interest at the rate of six per cent, respectively. It is optional with the Government to pay these bonds at any period after the expi ration of the least time mentioned itpOn their face. The tithe has already expired when a great part of them may be ta ken,_ and is rapidly approaching wlien all may be. ... It is believed that all which are now due may be replaced by thoS'e bearing a rate interest not exceeding four and one half per cent, and as rapidly as the ranifider become duo that they may be replaced in the same way. To' accom plish this, it may be necessary to autlici-r -ize the interest _to be paid - at — either of three or four s of the ,money_centres_a Europe,' or, by any Assistant Treas urer of the United States, at the option of the . holder of tho bond. I suggest this subject for_the consideration aeon ; gross, and also simultaneously with-this the propriety of redeeming our currency, as before suggested, at its marketNalue, at the time the law goes into effect, in creasing _at the_mte at' which currency will-be-bought-and-sold-from-day-toay; or week to week, at the same rate of in terest as Government pays upon its bonds. The subject of tariff and.internal tax ation, will necessarily receive your zit-' tention. The revenues of the country aro .I,,rreater than the requirements, and may with safety be reduced.; but as the funding'of the debt - in a four or four and a half per cent loan -would reduce' the, annual current expenses largely, thus af ter funding justifying a greater reduction of taxation than would be now expedii, ent, it may be advisable to modify taxa tion and the tariff in instances where 'un just or burdensome discriminations aro made by the present lawiF regulating this subject. I recommend the postponement of it for the present: , I also suggest the reneital of the tax on incomes, but a reduced rate, say three 'percent, and this tax to expire in three years. The' funding of the national debt,. as hero suggested, I feel safe , in saying, that taxes and the revenue from inverts may be reduced safely from sixty to eighty millions per annum at once, and may be still further reduced, from year to year, as the resources of the country are developed. The report .of the Secretary of the Treasury , slioNis: the receipts of the Gov- . ermnent - for the fiscal year ending- Juno 80,= 1809, to be $370,949,747, and' the ex expenditures, including, interest, bean ties, &c„ to be $391,490,597. The esti mates for the ensuing year are inure fa vorable to the Government; and -will no doubt alien , : aTinnolilargerTdperease of - the public debt, The receipts in the Treasury, beyond, expectalions, have ex- . ceeded" the amounts necessary to place the sinking fund as provided by law. TO look up the surplus in the eTreinairY and withhold it froni circulation would lead 'to such a contraction of the currency as to_cripplutrade and seriously itffect .the piospOriti - Jrnder these circumstances, the Beeretaryof the Treas ury andmyself heartily concurred in the . purchase of Government bonds; thus rO (hiding the . interest bearink.debt of the country, and of submitting. to,Congress - the - question Of the dispositiOn to "lie made •of the bonds so pnnshatielt The bonds tor held, by the TreaSury.ainiount to abbot,seventy-five million dollars, in- , eluding those tolonging to tile 4anking fund, . and I reconimend, thitt the whole be : placed to. the' credit of the' sinking fund. Your attention invited to the reCOmmendations of the'Becretary of the Treasury for the ckeetron. pf the office of Commissioner of CustornerAcvl exiue, for the increase' Of salary to, cor--. tarn class of officials, .and the subseftu! tion of increased National Dank circular stion, to. replhee_thes.oiitstandiffilliree ,per, cent, certificates, ecttacates , innt Poet CeP OOIOI Y to; recommendation for the. repeal ',Of, shaies; of 'fines, ~penalties and forfeitures to oilkor's of, the; ment, or to informers. The office of COmrnissoner of. Inter. nalAevenuo is one of the most arduous and redpiknsitie: the !f i iiiVetainent, itAhils but* little, , it net:position !nits -I'sibititios would ashi, ,therefore;', fey Mich :higi4ritl'en. as in'.yrirtF jadkeeOfit will pJ'pep; pragp on a fdothit dignity ) commensurate with its importance and., T .s; Min=l= CM ' It'll 11 1 17 ( 1 ,4 , 1 ,11,}i 1 14.1,71" 1 :7 1 1 1 1:5 %, .`. l vl /5,1 ill , l - 41111i 1 701,1•44.1 -11., 1 o ,t.:l ,_. .: qualfleatins °flit° class , rm of on required .r ws.ilitiJUniteit Sttiteet is theT'freest of ll .'.rcitiOniii.: l 4,toii,' the iieople syi'ili.ti,-, Abize'with : all pimple strugkling- forlih.. erty andlselfr-govurinnent. A But While sympathizing, it 4s due to, ,euy honor that we, should - abstain.:froin enforcing , our r . : 44:i uPeti.tinWillingiintions;a4ul - from. lir t\i tifiltli au intereited.Part without aiitn- . vitatio .. In the-quarrels between -dif ferent nal ‘ ns, or between governments ' amd their ..pi jeets,. our course should al ways be in c ormity with strict justice and law, into iational and local. Such has been the i Olicy 'of the ..adminiSira:, tien in dealiat with these - qUestions. ' - . For mote than a . year , a valuable prov- , 1100 --- of Spain, and a neat neighbor of -ours,- - in - whom all our people - cannotlnit feel a deeP interest,. stiutgling for indOPOndon.ce and. -freedom. 'The: people and Grover/mica 7of the. Unite l d States entertain' 9167e:rn) warm footing gild sympathies for the People ,of Cuba . 'Millen: pending strugglif that they 'iWart ifeSted thionghent the:previous struggle between quill and her former'colonies in behalf 'of the hitter. But the contest ifts:at nu tune assumed - the' conditions . which ainount pri,p., war in the sense of international law, or which would show lho 'ex:lstate° of a 'defcicto. political or gaiiization'of the insurgents 'sufficien to' justify a recognition, of belligerency. The, ptificiple is maintained; hOweyer, that this natOn is its own judgewhin to accord the rights Of belligerency, either to a people struggling to free themselver ~from e.,.governuiput :they helieve to'.be oppi:essix , e, or twoliuldpendent '• nations at War with. cash other.. • .. The ;United EtitteS Late ito diS • position to'interfere with the existinpelations of Spain to her colonial possesSiovis on this continent.. They believe that in duo time Spain and other Europ r ean powers will find their interests in terminating these relations, and establishing their Present powers, members of the family of nations. The dependencies zje no longer regarded al subject to traesfer from one European power to another. When the present relation of colonien ceases, they 'ate to become independent Powers, demising the right of choic'e and of p3lf,con_troll.,in. the determination of their future condition and relations with otherpowers. The United State's, in order to put a stop to bloodshed in Cuba, and in the in terest of,,a noigliboring people, proffered tlibir good offices to bring the existing widest to a termination. - The offer not boingaccepted by Spain, on a basis which we br ed 'could be received by Cuba; was withdrawn. It is hoped that the good offices of the. "United States may yet prove advantages to the settlement of this unhappy strife. Meanwhile a num ber -of-illegal expeditions againt Cuba have been brolten up. It has been en de-we;or the neutrality laws in good faith, no mat: ter how unpleasant the teslt—made from tlipaiiffering we have endured from lack of likeTkbod ,faith towards us bs other nations. On -the 26th of March •last, the United States schooner Lizzie Major was arrest ad on the higli seas by a Spanish frigate, aiiii - wo-9)assengera---wero-taken.-from,it, and casried as prisoners to Cuba. Rep resentathies of these facts wore •made to' the Spasis „government as 'soon as sufficient information of them- reaelieir Washington, The . two passengers were set at liberty, and the Spanish govern ment assured the United States tgi4 the. captain in making the capture had acted without orders, that he had been repri manded for the irregularity of his con duct, and that the Spanish authorities hi Cuba would sanction any act that could violate Lie rights, or treat with disrespect the sovereignty of this nation.- TIN question , Of , tho seiime-of the-brig-Mary Lowell, at one of the .Bahama islandS, by Spanish authorities, is now the subject of 'correspondence between this Govern ment and those of Spain and Great Brit tali'. The Captain General of Cuba, about May last, issued a proclamation authorizing search to be made of vessels -- on the high seas. 'lmmediate remon straneo„was made against this, 'where upon the Captain General issued a new proclamation, limiting the right of search to vessels of the United States so far as authorized under the treaty 175. This proclamation, however, was imniediately withdrawn. ' , • 4 I always felt that the Mostinti mate relations shonld be .cultivated be tweeh the Republic of the United States and all independent nations on this con- Uncut. It may be well worth consider ind whether now treaties between the United States and thorn may not be profit ably entered itM to tecuromorointimatee relationspfrientily r eommereial aiid_ other,. wise. • . The anbjeilt of anocennie canal to coll ect• the Atlantic, and Pacific oceans through the Isthmus of Darien is ono in. which comnierce,. is grikttly "interested. Instructions' have been given to our min-. istor to the republic of the United States of Columbia to endeavor to obtain au lliority- for a survey b'y . the , ...Glovernmont, in order to determine 'the practibility of sueli an undertaking and a charter for the right of way to : private enterprise for. such is work, if the skyey proles *to be practicable. . . . , In order to comply NvithiliOitgreenient of the Unite4 . States eom- . , mission at Lima for the adjustment. of *kinds, it beblune necessary to appoint a commiSidoner and a, secretary, tO' Liana in Ani'bet, last. • No. appropriathin linving been 'made br Oongiess fortliis ptirPose,• it in now asked that one be ',made covoi ,ing the past and future oxpotiaee oi the committee. , !rbezood Offices of Stio Viiited States 01 3 0,1* about a peace, betweett Spain tituttlie South :American llopuldic with vihtidi, alio is now at 'witt, 'ha:ol>i been', r.t,e°PW , J>Sr. . Peru, and. Chili, a . „I:loagrois lino been •inyited-to be held in' Washiiigton„during preiMilli*lpter.. il' graiit : liax;Leen given Ici: , Ettropians of an Ox,clasivo, right of transit oyor4lie . territory of Rlearaugas Rica has giveli its assent, iv)19.11, 'k is al leged;' conflicts with yested.tights ofeit,- .igensOf.tlmVaitediititteSili,,The pop'art, ynoiit'qt Stitt!) knit! poW•Riiii etthjeotAiOder • '..; . • .114 4 . *i»lo4•4oo . o..biiillikwitilo yeAnctirpp'o W:oWit" Wit York,. thirty gall boats, wllich migb be ME c" . _L _ ' CARLISLE - ,:TENWA ' 'THURSDAY DECEMBEtt:I6;, - ;.1569; - MENEM used by; Spain in such a waylaaO'relieve, the 'flairallorcOut as to operate ag,ainst Peru,. orders were given 19.pre- Yrimt. their:departure, :No further, haling been taken by. the representatite of the GoiTernMent - to"Prsvent, the departiire of these ViSliels,;aud,'lrticiC feeling anthorized.tp detain the propOrty, of a nation with which we are,at peace,. on a mere !sa+ecuti , ve Order, the Matter. has'been' referred' to' the , courts to'do , Tho 'conduct of the war between the Allice and the Ileinh of•Paragna*las:A niride the intercotiiSelth ;that 'country .so difficult that, it has. been .deetnedad-: visahle-to,-witlidiniv' , our-represontative: *oaf there. ' • - lower& the .close of the as ,a tot 1 A ..„ tration a convention. yes signed at .Lert-., dam for the settleritent of outstanding, claims between .Great Britain: and the ° -United Statek. which failed to receive ad vice and consent of the Senate to its ref.. , ificatien. Thethneendeircumstancesitt-, I P ll7 .4iilittie u4otiationot the treaty Were: favernhlOo its aeceptance by the people of" the United States, but its provisions. were Wholly inadequate for the' settlement of tie grave wrongn that had heen see tained by this Government, as well es by its citizens; . -The - injuries; insulting to the United States, • hy" reason of the course adopted by Great Britain during our late eivil war, in the ° increased rates of insurance, in the diminution of exports and imports, and other.'obstructienet• domestic 'industry and prodnation, in, its effects upon the foreign commerce of the 'country, in the &Crease and 'trarusfer to Great Britain of bur commercial Mariner,. in the prolongatiOn of the'war, aii4 the increase cost both in treasure and in the lives of its suppressers, could nOt.be ad justed and satisfied as ordinary commer cial claims which continually- arise-be tween Commercial nations; and yet the convention treated them simply as suill ordinary elaiinS, from *high they differ" more widely the gfnvity of their char acter than in. the magnitude 'of their. amount. Great as ie the difference, - mit a word wan found in the treaty, and net an inference could bo drawn from it to reprove the sense of the unfriendliness of the course 'of Great Britain in our atrug .gle for existence, width had .no deeply and universally impressed itself upon the people of this country. Believing that a 1 convention thus - misconceived in Its scope, and inadequate in its provisions, would not. have prodneed the hearth.' cordial settlement of the pending quet4 ' tiOns whichalonels:cmunstent with the which I dealt* to have' eatah lished between the United Stated, and Groat Britnin, I recognizedthe action Of the Senate in rejecting thetreaty to belie, been wisely taken in the intereetOf peace -7 nrica a neces.,-;,,, •• - - an - eTiiecessary step in the directicin of wperfeet and. cordial _friendship_be tWeen the two' countries. A Wensitive. .people, cOarseibus of:their powei,Jire more. at ease under a great wrong, wholly unatoned, than under the restraint of a settlement r whielf eatielles neither their ideas of justiee nor theingrave acne of the - grieVance - thejhave snsfained.. The rejection of the treaty wes followed by' a : state of public ._opiniOn both eideg which I thought not favorable to an im -mediate-attempt-at-rtmewed-negothitionr I accordingly se ineirdekil the deter of the United States to Great Britain, and found that my views in this regard wme'aliarulti~ Her 3fajet34 7 l9._l%fipistcra: I hope that tire' time Unit - sent' . aj'rive when the two ittn,Oplyneilts:Cririatirironeh the solution.of. thii .momentonaquestion with an appreciation of to the right, dignity anc,l l ,horto . rof L ottch, and with the determination not — only to re- move the causes of complaint intluipast, but to lay the foundation of a broad principle ot publie-law which : will pre ,vent future differences, and tend to flrin La:nd :--continued-Lpeaoe-and—friendahip. This is -now the only , grave question which the United States has with . any foreign nation. . The, question of renewing a treaty for reciprocal trade between - the United States and the British Provinces on this continent has not been favorably consid ered by the administration. The advan tages of such a . 40E4 Would be wholly in favor of the British Provinces, ex cept possibly a few engaged in the trade between the two sections. No Citizen of the United States weldd.he benefited by ° reciprocity. Our intornaltaxation would prove a protection to. the British produ cer almost equal to the protection which our manufacturers now receive feint' the tAitt.':- Some arrangements,- however, for the regulation of commercia) intercourse .between 'the United'States and the Do minion of Canada may bo desirable. , • „- The commission for adjusting the claims of . the Hudson Bay and Puget's Bound Agricultural , Company upon the United Stateilas terminated its labors. TlMayard of six:hundred' and Ilfty thou sand dollars hasbeen made; and all rights . and titles of the ( cOmPany ontho territory of the United ,BtatefiThave been . . extin rand . de eild &air 'OE the company have Veen delivered. An appropriation by Congress to meet this sum is asked..' The conirnissionore for deterinining the northwestern land boundary between the United States and the British poises sions, 'under the treaty of 1850, have own, pleted their labors, and tlu:1 eoninihtsiint has liven dissolved. In conformity with the roconnuenda- - tion of Congress, a proposition was early made to the British clovernm ent. to, nhol, ish the mixed cottrts created Mid4thO trenty of April 7, 1802, for thp, -, Tho. sul : ljelat is atilt mid& Mogotieticii, *, It „havinic, eemii to knowledge:that, a corporate ~ , tloinpans:,, orgonized,npiler, British laws; propeso land upon the, shores of the Thiitid . fitstes and olier4tii • there ft suit) marine ?able under n cOneest; sion from, his the,i Enipsior ,of the Trench of ono" exclusive tight fmi 20. yearinf -tolevaphie.communication bo tWepii , the abores or ,FititOtt 'and the United States, with the 7 irery obitiOtionk, hie feauie ;Of eubjeetleg, : 4l, ,lheasagee conveyed thereby to the ,tiqht).3iy end , pontsol oft the l i renc4flct4YOßfl),*,..4 aug 3 ( l :: l bia VPiziOV ana at Watbiegto* t 4 be 1 / 2 #lll4o,,flitklNgoitell. with the probablapolieyteizrelso,on 'the aubjeet';ltii'lhieshadoWed I.b 'which pamettthe 7 genato• in March belt, Thlo ilieWffeth' V4fir.64)jthitiref 4 " of Phmpltlig, o : !rivroproplft . 4fi t , OP9t, 5h0,P0p19:90491r viefoneof that bill, or sylph ottorimt,ot,,, mentsAn the subject its might be passe'd ,flnrieg,,the npproaehipg :session of. Con g.r,gss to i nse, i their influence • se- VP) SlovorMnellt z 11 30it!c.a.491.44 thOr concessipp , idan,to ,perinitAhe .landing of anyicable belong.; ipg any, crimps:my:lncorporated lty-the mit494t Y:pf tho,Pnited States or of, aty §tnte of the.lJniop, and on their 'girt, not to, pppose,the establislimeneof any STIOI ' cable. In consideration of this agree ment I directed the withdrawal of afl opposition - by the United States to the landing of the ( cable, and to the working, of it, until the meeting of Qongress.... .kOgrei,tO:sei that' iherelias been no'Cnod ifletition reade.in the company's conees 'Sinn,'nor isii,kor I can learn have they ntt O repted secure one: Their collect', the 'cipitai and the citizens` Untied States from competition on the'silCifljs of France . riecOnimend t'S 't 1 1 • • islatev . te pro t r g Ite of citizens of the baited States, we ll thedignity find'as: es seVeMigti Of the nation against such nn assumption: L shall also endearor to secure by negotiation as abandonment of the principloof monopolies in ocean tele-. graph cables. Copies of "correspondence is herewith furnished. - - • The, Unsettled political condition of other countries less fortunate' than our own; sometimes , induceatheir citizens come tellie s United States, for the pur-• pose of being naturalized. Having se cured this, they return to their native country, - and reside thre without disclos ing this. change of allegiance. They ea eopt official positiohs of trust or honor , • wldch eau only be held by citizens of their native land. , TheY journey under paaeports desc,ribing.thent as such - citi zens, and-,itts . only when.. civil dhicord, after years, Perhaps, of 'iptlet,J.lncatena, their persons, or their property, or when their native State_ drafts. theat into roili tat•Y Service, that the - fact of their change of allegiance' ie made known. Thekre side permanently-from.the-United-6 • they contribute nothing tea resources ; they avoid the duties of its citizenship, and they Only , niake Abemselves known by a claile . *. of protection. I have di rected the Diplomatic and Consular offi "eenciof-the-Paited - States - to-scrutinize,- carefully, all stielr of protection. the citizen of the United States, whether native or adopted, is. entitled - twits - corn, Protectien: ' While I have , a voice in the direction of affairs,l shall not con- Sent to.inriperil the sacred right by con ferring it upon . fictitious or fraudulent claimants. - On - the - accessiOn of the present admin . : - istration; it was found. that' the minister for-North Germany had made proposi: flout; kir the negotiation of a convention for the protection of emigrant passengers, to which •no response bad been given. It - Was cone to e ;a o eel ee un , a therearitiine_powers engaged in the trade Should join, in such Mii:‘: -- ure. Invita tions have been extended to the cabinets of London, Paris, Florence; 13erlin,. Erns sela, the Hague, Copenhagen, and Stack lohn, to empower three representatives 'at :IValdtington _to simultaneously erittir into negotiations, - and - to — conclude with the United Staten conventions identical in form, malting, uniform regulations `es. to the construction of the parts of ves sels to b 4 deioteito-the.use..of,emigrant. juiSiettirrs aa.to_ther_quality_and_quatk tity of food ; akto the medical treatment of the sick, and as to the rules to be-oh 'served during the voyage,_in. order to-se-- cure'viiillntlon, to promote lThil, Prevent intrusion, and to proteet the fe utalos, and Providing 'for tho establish mont of - tribunals in the several vein irreS, for 'enforcing such regulations by _sum . mningroces. , • Tont. attention is respectfully called to the laW.regulating thotariff on Russian . , hemp, ked to the question whether, to fix the charges on Russian hemp higher than they are_llxed upon - Manilla is not a violation of your treaty with Rus:sia, pine. big her pi(iiincfs upon the _sante footing withlhodo of the most favored nations. )ur manufactures are increasing • with wonderful rapidity under the encourage ment 'Which they now receive, with the. improvements in machinery . already ef fected, and 'still increasing, causing ma chinery to take the place of skilled labor. To alarge extent our imports of many artieles must fall off larg6ly within a few years.. v ForttMately, too, manufactures are not cOnfined to, a few localities, an formerly, and, it is to be hoped, will be Como more and more diffused, smoking the interest in them equal•in all sections. They give employment, and support to hundreds of-thousands of people„at honte, - and retain - with us the - Moans • which otherwise would be shipped abroad. .The extension of railroads in Europe, and the East,.is bringing, into competi tion with our agricultural products; like products of other countries; Belfinter 'est; ,if riot; self preservation,. therefore,' 'dictates' cantle!' against disturbing any. industrial Interest of. the 'country. It butelies us also the necessity of looking to othermarketi. for thii sale of our sur- Pins. Our neighbors south of us, Mul Clibia and Japan, should . -repeive our speohil attention. It will be •the en deavor of thciadministration to cultivate stieh r relations.with.fthose nations as ... to . entitle'as to their contldeike, and makii it their interest, as well as Ours, to extol). lish better cow merolal relations. Through the agency of more'eulight ened:poliepthan that heretofore pursned toward China-Llargely due to the Saglic- . Ity and '.efforts of our own distinguished world is about tO 'cconmence • largely increased relations with that pepii- .048 And hitherto exclusive nation. - 'Au tiltP.TJtilto toip in the newpoyey;; so they should tie the most cartestla ehowirig their' &T iled faith it a 81.1000118. thiff :connectlon,'lf4vitm.suelt,fegic iutien es. will , forever preclude thesiln slavetrient'of the Chinese uponAnirijdf, usurer the noun, of tifo sent A;rlocli#n'n,pppselß, fiem engaging the-transpertittion , of Coolies-to anyetimi.:' try tolerating the syStern.:. •fiolssireqdrii-! Usundi l itt misSion - tUbilnis 'to One Ofilrat olass. .. Unori Tay 0r,94 0 ( ittligtotrOW Ortho Vilited*Mei; ,ithilke With .the enoviation tligt thrOP tiiiugsWere essential tp its peace, - prosper,. ity and fullest , develonnient. Tint atfipne integrity all oar ohligetione kielOtel, to secure pro nr, te'ettesto the Person and , propetir of Op 014001109iiiinjteol,BtAtpe ilj emt. !pit •Pverf , thrtlfih Af Ant L othiticin cgiihkrx' vriereyer 116 may ellnitae ti) !pave' - With- out reference' to origifial nationalitY,' ligion, 'color, or politics, demanding. 'd him only..obediencelo the 'awe and per respect for the rightfr of others ; thirdrnnien - of all-the States-with egn l rights indestructble by any constitution , al means. _To-secure the first of those Congress has taken two eiseritier etepal 'First. In declaring by ioint resolution that' the publiis debt should be paid, min cipal and interest in coin ; and second ;: • by providing the means for paying. - viding the means, howeVer; could not' . cure the object desired without ti.prper administration of the lads ilia col lection of the revermes,and an economi cal disbursement of them: _Tolthiatubr. pet the administration has most ly addresSed itselOvith the' results . I be-, ontififactOri the Country:: . . . There has been rio hesitate'', hi eimuji ing_ officials in order to secure an eflipiefit execution of the laws. Sometimes too, (where in a mere party .view undesirable, political results were, likely to follow froni: any hesitation in maintaining ,offi cient officials,) against . remonstrances wholly political. . . It maybe: well to,nteutiou here theein. barrasements possible to arise frontlea!wl , ing ou the Statute. 'Oho the..eo , ca 1141,1 tenure °Calico act, and to earnestly roe ommend its total'repeal. • It: could not have•been the intention . of the framers .of the constitution when providing-that appointments by tho President should receive the consent of the Benate,thattlie latter should have the powerto retain in office persona placed there - By Federal aP-. pointment against the will of the Presl 'dent. The law is inconsistent with, a faiiltful and efficient administration :of the, government. What faith can.an ex ecutive havojin officida forced ;upon him, and hr those whom ho has. suspended for . reiteen ? such offieials be like:, ly to serve an adiniiiistration:Which they, know door not trtist them/ For. the.sec -•.h and inpspui- I puldi ILEI:MiI =I ty, Ulna and firm,. but: hatnan etheinis 7 tratiou of existing laws, amended _from time ko time as they may prove ineffeet tive, or prove harsh and unnecessary, are _probably all _the more required.: ; ,Tho third cannot be obtained by-ant/medal legislation; but must be regarded as fixed, b • the constitution itself, and giadually 1 1 acquiesced - in by force of public-opinion, . . From the foundation of. the Govern ment'to the present the management of the original inhabit:int:l - of this contimpt —the Indiatis—ltyp. been a subjecrof, embarrassment -and—expense,- and has beefiattended with continuous rOblieries, murder, andwars.- From my own_.4pof. rience upon the frontiers, and in Indian countries; Ido not hold either theleg,is lation or the conduct of the 'whites )vhd coinemost-in-contact—with-the-Indiaes; blameless for these !ioStilities. The past, however, cannot be undonc,, and the . question must he met as._we new, find it. I have attemptoa now- policy towards these warcTilirthe be regarded in ally other light thansas wards—with fair results, so far as tried,' 'and whicla hope _will_ be attended-ulti— mately with grektsuccosses. The societY of Friends, aro well known as having. suc 'oeadcd in. living iri rieri6s * with the Indians in the earl settlement of Penns 1 ania while their white neighbors ef othersects lir - other -- options -- were - jeopstantly7 ern. inoilcd. They : are : also known for. their . oppositAon to'all strife, vielerice, and war, and--aro--generaly-liqf.pd—for-theirlstriet. integrity and fair dealing,_,. Those con.' sideratlons induced me to give. the roian agement of a. few reservations of Indians , to them, and throw the,luirden of select ing of agents upon the society itself. The result his proved rdest, 'satisfactory t .' It will be found more fully sot forth in the report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. For suiferintandents and Indian agents not on the reservations, officers of the army were selected. The reasons for this were numerous. When Indian agents are sent there - or - wcre - therei troops must besent also. The agent and. the - Commander of the , troops aro inde pendent of each other, and are subject to orders from different departments of the Government. • The army officer holds a position for life,,the agent one at the will 'of the"- President. The formers' is personally in 7. terosted in living in .hannOny- with the Indiana, and in. the establishment of a permanent peace; to the end' that spina' pOrtion of this life may ,be spent within the limits of civilized society. The hit *has no SUCh personal interest, Another reason -is • an-.economia—on6 7 and--still another hold which the Gart - jrnmont-haS upon a life °Aker t?'secure faithful dis-. charge olduties is carrying out a giVen policy. The building of railroads and the Impose. thereby given . to all the ROI- . cultural and mineral regions of the comi ment into contact With 'all tribes 'of Indians. - No matter what ought to be the•rela tion between such. settlements" and the 'aborigines, the fact is 'they do•not moolza troll, and' ono or the Other haste 'give way in . the end. A., system which looks to the extinction: of 'a race is too horrible for a. niftiest to adopt; withUut entailing upon, itself.: the - wrath , Of -all Christendom,. and engendering in the'. oitizon a disregard .for • honor, life, And *alights of others, dangerous to Societyi I see no substitUto for such a system ox= copt placing all the Indians on large reservations las rapielly,.as can•be dons; and, giving them absolute: 'protootion there .as soon as they are: itted:for i it. , They 'shoUld b 8 indiiCed to take their lands.* haVeralty, and setup territorial . government 'for their :own'Airoteetien. ,For full *ltalia on thia subjectl call yOur specialtitteitikin to theropbrt etthe tyee.. rotary- ofi , the "rlnterlorl anil-the -Commis sioner et Indian Affairs., • , The PIPPxt of the Secretary of War pganilit,9res coy, the year eitd- Vtt h P4 l #Or mil i,9/ pu n r.or o r . payraeoi of. debts coin •t ra9 .t e 4; • .11: ii lt:41!9 Pot, di'areablp to current. army ,P,V9lpea• "VWl a t: ° - ; i f ,ogi; ( i'li:tor tIIP in il3°l •!° l* ;.P' 4 ,l 'Ofir`. l 4 4 'oo • Poicc„11 4 01 PTitit Iv! I 14 w: 41 ," i' I ,I'.44O:AEW taitk:O. -1 1 NieWilititoli IMP4 1 a10 1 1 1 ; : re 41. 14.4 who aovor K!Yf•non 4 1 ? q 0 1 ' JiOwinier; the OOralithiki' of the country should be'auch .. by,•thO [ VIA frinitligt cit,tlloo4.ll.'ololv - s4oopiq "of *pv4o 011( 1 1 0 1i1liOctpciflOcivii; 11* ) fliiitutprititi9u.ftekOk ffir : 4 #ol' cisitaatoli MEM 1 1. , I. r;n.tl.4) MEM deeirf• purposes will bo cuFpbnded: : • - recommendation iecomendation of tlie .t Oenoralqf the athl tliat-'iliipropriatfoiS be made t tOt tile forth , tit .Boil ,' Portland gir; _York, Philrideliillia r ', NY Orleans; •an l tl; 'Sail Filinel4O"alla for n - 7btliOr; la 'ean.2 entre& in. -', . .. i's , .. ... ::','=-- - 'I also ask your gPeelal attontkin to the ieconimeriilation'"of • 'the General coin-, niancling: ilivision,:of the, i 1 acifile . for the - sale ettile seal Islands , of, i3t: Pahl anilSt." beor,te; Alaska: 'retri torYy anit- suggest. that it either lia.honi-, plied with , or ',that ,legislaticinlielbad for. the proteetkiii'of the teal - fisheries; from Which-ayoyenneShould-he-derived; - . The repbrtfot.the 'Secretary of War, contains a aynopsiti• of ,the reports of the ~.heads ofbareaus, fir the commamlers of military divisions,, and of the.districts of yir g in* bliesiß s jppi, and Texas, and the • report,of the : general of the army irk,fuli.' The reqeminemjations, therein contained, ;have •,lieen, copsidercd Mitt„ed for yoniactiou. . • however, call special attention. to'tlN intitendathill efiliqehict of 4difitnisp, for the sale• of arsenals ,and lands .. 16 longer of mse to the - Government ; also to the reConimentlition of `the Secretary off War,-that the act of--the third-of Mareh, 'lB694firetibitirig lifeinetientiJ and ap pointtripmt °nth° tdaff eorps of•the army,. tie, repealed:, The extegt eCtlie country to he, garrisoned toul the numlier of mil itary posts, , to be 4.ipcilpied is. the.sitine ; with a reduced army ,as with, ,a4mzer one, and 'number of staff officers-re-' . . quired is more ~dependent on tholattOr than the former conditions, The report of Alm Secretary, - of this ,Nityy,..,apcpmpanYind„thiS,_, shows r tlie cundition . of the navy when thiw mlniMiS-' tration carne iptAMfoee, and the changes to --.,.StrepuomFeffortsliaveheen- Imule.toplace as,:many vessels in com mission (or render Omni tit.for service if required), .as messible,: and to - etilistitute . .the sail for steam ;whilst .bruising, thns, materially reducing-,the expenses of. the i navyi, and addinggreatly,to its, efficiency.. Looking to our future I recommend :it; liberal, though not extrayegentTpoileY -towards_thisjuanoll of the public service. The report : of the, Postmaster, General furnishes-a dear-and-comprehensive ex- . J.iibitfof the operations of 41mpostal sel• vice and of the ,fluancial condition Of the Pestoffico • department, ending. the t.liir tieth. of Juno, The ordinary Postal -revenues tor the year ending the thirtieth et June, 1869 amounted to $l.B 344 610' and the expenditures to $23,698,131, shoWing an excess'. of 'explinditurea over receipts' of '0,363,620, . The excess. of expeinlitures over: receipts for the pre vious year amounted f0'•56,437,9921; the, inorease Otrevenues for' 1869 ever those 0f.1.868 was $2,031,909, and thein - e - aa.S"6 - lariallieifdittlffif 7 iftia $937,638 ; the in- - creased revenue - hi 1869 exceeded 'the in creased revenue iriLl.B6B - by $1806,336; and :thelnereaSed expenditures in . 1860 Was 42;527070 than: - :the increased penditures in 1868, showing, by compar : Non; this - gratifying feature orimp - rove= went .. that the: -increase of " civoi:iliTinrcrese.ofieceipts iii-4808-ria.54132,499,5115,: 41m - increase Of receipts over the increase of expenditures 41869 Wa5.42,429,63.177th0 increase Of receipts ever theiriereaseof oxpentlitnres. in 1869 wa5:51,084,1374c Your attention is respectfully called to to-the •=reecenineinlation.- made -bf-tlie Postmaster General for authority' to change the rate of cogipentiationle _the_ main trunk railroad linos for their Scryi- . vices in e t arrying the mail'; 'fir . having post route - .maps. executed ;, for . reorgan luing and. increasing the offieimiCy of ilia special'agency service ;: for ' , the increase, of the mail service MiThe Pacific ; and for establishing mail •gervice under. the 'flag of the-Union on the Atlantie ; -especially do I 4111 your attention 'to his reconntendatiOn Tor the tot:if aliblition of the franking privilege, This is an abuiie, front Which no I ; ede i VON COM Mail 1111 : :tid -advantage redifees- , the receipts-for'] the "postal service froin 'tventt• five" to.' thirty per.cent,' 'largely increase the service to beiperformed, . The method by which pOstage'slibultliM:paid upon pub , licAniitteryisalortli fully in . the report Of the-Postmaster!General The rePort, of the Secretary' of the' In show that, the quantity pf public lands disposed of during the year ending the 30th-'of-Dupe, -1860, 7 WR . a-7,655;152 'acres; - ;exe'edding''tlitit :Of the PrOcced ing year by 1,010,407 acres; of this :Lama 2,899,644 atres were Sold for cash ; .12,- 787,305 acres .entered under the homestead laivs; and the remainder was - granted to aid' in the' construction of works. of internal improVement approved to the, States as swamp lands and located witli warrants and scrip. The caskite reipta sburces'were $4,472,800, . exceeding those of the proceeding year 4284,140. . . During the last flecal year 24;190'n:1meg WOll3, added to the pension . rolls, furl 4,- 870 dropped therefrom; leaying at - its close, 187,904. The amount paid to pen-. sionprs,.:.,inelutling-.the-conapausation__!oL .disbursing-_ agente,wne .-.1,8;422,-684,: an increase of $4,411,903. on that of the pre year..Tho munificence of Congi+S has been conspicuously manifested in. its legislationjor yoltliers and sailors , Who suffdred hi,the recent struggle , to main tain . that. , unity, of goverunient which' 'makes us one people. The additions'to the pension rolls of each , successive year, sine° the conolusion4of hostilities,. in, a . graat degree from the defettied areentirnonts of•,the act of July 14, 1802,, which extended ,its provisions to case's not-falling vi thhtits original ecepo. - , large .ontlay, which .thus occasioned, is further , ine,reaseit . by jinore,liberal al lowance beetoyihil- 'that'hlate' upon. 'these:who' , 'oiity whel ly pertiaiiiitinti l yiligribred, ion sanction `lid' r cillfieOdiiCAAp.tio .I pint burden is`' t'p ekeeialli'„hinlie 'than 004'WhiCit ilfilia / pOSeti,bil,liia . iiill.lloi of the'eeiyiW 'li .( lll3'e6,eiilititieli, - AR, just, ly gen , .11ze"iiava on on filed, . .`le49i'the:li4t9o ogioe . ro g diphi : tfoi Atifeil4llo . calqqii?AtfauttairttrOitt-'o,4:l4ixii!t -onl.oe tit@ Becrotniti;(l443liaiio MIM MEI .~ ~. ~ ~ ~