X)tralti
•
reARIAISLE, PA
10./iy, DE .
FR
C. 1, 31566.
S. 111.•PICITTENGILI. & CO.,
-0. 37 Park Row, Now York, and 6
hosSotilloSnt'aint°o% ' ,a% a u t.; Z A IS i g n t f alf Otrilv"::tl‘stop
-1110 and Sub ' ecriptionn for us at cur lowest rates.
THE NEEET,iNG OF CONGRESS.
. The XXXISth 'Congress assembled on
Monday last. The questions that will comp
up before it 'for adjudication are the most im
portant that were over presented to any
Congress of this country. Its duty is, how
ever, not indistinct, nor are the wishes of
its constittionts tinoxpresocti for we search
the annals of our political history in vain to
find' an instance of sticli j an unmistakable
expression of ptiblic sentiment as that of th'e,
people of this countfy i dttbe recent elections.
The plan of recon t struction submitted by
Congress to the people has been emphatically
ratified by tho latter. Ratified by the peo
ple, it need only bo ratified by the legislatures
of three fourths of the States to make it
a part of -the fundamental law of the lend.
That it will be ratified by alithe legislatures
of the States North of Mason and Dixon's
line is a moral certainty ; that it will be re
jected by all the legislatures of tho States
South-of Mason-and—Dixon_!adincis_equalli
certain. This fact would defeat it, as the
States North number 23, and _the States
Sbuth 13.
In this vennection it may be :well to re
member that Congress has not yet recog
nized the government of any of the recon
structed States except Tennessee, on the
ground that they wore not legitimately or
ganized. The people at the late elections
have virtually declared the same. The
question would, perhaps, arise, can these il
legally constituted States declare at all upon
such a question ? Certainly not, if they aro
illegal, for then they aro no'State9. This
once decided by the Legislative branch of
the Government, the question of reconstruc
tion is materially simplified and compare
tively.easy of solution. _
Another . important question that will
probably come up is that of tho usurpation
of a faithless Executive, and if after a thor
ough, dignified and legal infestigation, it
would be discovered beyond controversy
that the EXecutive had been gfilty of offi;
cial misdomennora and ucLurpp.tionn of the
00-ordinate branches of the Government,
who would object - to his removal from 'of
fice? None, wo feel safe in saying, excepting
such as during the recent perilous times 'of
the, nation, yore found , battling against the
Government 'and. seeking to destroy it.
Our foroign policy, howovor complicated,
will bo fully vontilatcd and-presented to the
pooplo, oven though hidden from their sight
in the nooks and corners of the State Do
pertinent.
Great and momentous as these questions
are, lot but Congress heed the instruction of
~ the peopleand conscientiously do that which
it•deoms to be just /Ina right, after calm,
-deliberato and dignified considerlition, and
willthe ppohc, irtiiiiiEjiligia; siistala it
THE PRESIRENT'S MESSAGE
' To th - o mielualon of much Important mut
ter wo lay before our renders this week' the.
second annual message of ANDREW Joux-
BON. We give place to the document not
_out of any respect for it or its author, but
simply because it will be eagerly looked for
in consideration of what it might and should
have contained, -and will occasion remark
RS to its dreary and unprofitable emptiness.
The only comment the paper prorkes is
the remarkable sullenness and obstinacy
. with which the President adheres to what
ho has been pleased to call his " Policy,"
_and_the frigid coolness with which he utterly.
ignores' a popular majority of almost half a
million yoices in scornful and contemptuous
protest against it. There is not a sentence
in the political portion of the message which
might not have been written with equal
force fifty years ago ; and not all its inter
minable wordiness is there expressed a
single sentiment calculated to inspire a
jot of comfort, or hops. The gist of the
entire message is a sort of cross, betweiM a
whine and a howl at Congress and the loyal
people, Thank God and the people,. the
time when ANDREW JOHNSON'S' sots or
"d
frowns . seriously irected - anybody past
and gone ; and in thus attempting to disre
gard the dxpy9ssed will of his masters—the
people 7 -ho is 'only- heaping additional in
famy upon himself. -
The_ lbotive—Franchise . For -1194t3
Freedmen
The Chicle Timesfollo)vit its declaration F
, that negro suffrage is inevitable by an argu
ment to show that, even from - a negrobating.
point, 'of view, , it would he hlirailtiss.• We
quote from a leading editorial of Nov. 13..
i l The important fact t;M'bli, is re
vealed by the census in illiSsisslppland Ala
bama is tko grunt and `rapid del case
black ,population. Tile decrease of .white
Population in--six years—has--beenlin -the-
State — of 'Mississippi,' 8,000. Tlin .. - daerease
of the black population in lilississiPpi has
boon, in the..snme time, 57,000. In thOse
portions' of Alabama .wherertl k ie census is
completed, the relative devrease - of blacks
-.-and-whites ib.sliewn-to - have - beenahnut - the
Ilho"bhick" population has decreased
iears at the rate of 13 per c'ent,, while;
,in the same pericid, under all the 'dokruc
tive agencies of clVii war,, the decrease of
white population has', been 3 per cont. If
the ratio shall bo.the same throughout the
South,,it will appear thitt.the.black popule-tion,:in that section 'has been reduced from
.4,000;000 in 1860, to 3,480;000 in - ,1866.
These facts foretell with a pertaint . ythat it
ie more reliable than . mere prophecy what is
the inevitable destiny of the negro race in
this country. • • •
• During the ten years preaaeding the 'war,
'the white population of the Proc Stelae
creased; - tit an nsorazo rate of less than .60
per cent., while in. the earns period the
White'populationin the Slave Suites harms
ea nt average rate Of 190 . Allan '4O per
cent.,., Thu . Sin:J.l3 7 populi.tion . during, tlio
.lintne.period• inareasod at 4, rate of 23 par
-riegr . ti..POpulatian' in,.
crenied'at a rate . of only 12 'Ret:;eent.'.
fog'jlic . ncit 10.YeOrs; it Is reasonable to 'as
sumo, the wkita, population in . the •fortner
- slay? Shtteewill itieroaso, under
onto' -of
41a , fie& institufiona, i - the pro
sates' '-,
, population •n . •
'pdrtion,tho•whi'te'latinki in the other
•
free, States, .whilo tho increase id the 'negro
population jratiy, niist be 'tedneed tq. the.
etemdard of, the4inerease':in a .etfit(i'bf
dcirge. - italiddr4 which each eucopcielici.,(/9n l
'the United'Stalee hati•pb l 4o4
ilowei V0int.J. 1 1.4./iilL thee be aeon 'thel''..tbei,
Sian race in tho United States must 'contin
uo to diminish,- until the former, in -,all
human probability, shall have 'totally
,dis
apPeareil.' ** * Ninv_i • Oen, should, men
'tjf Gothic blood, to whom all other blomUS
and shall' eontinno to inr subordinate On :4118
continent, hesitate to gront,the
ft anchise, ,as a measure which must in the
nature of things be oul'y.teminfary,
, .
vidunls of an inferior race who may:be able
to attain the,qualitleations requireti.of white
men for its exorcise? There is ".90.
grounded—runsOu.agninst:it, if it will pro.
mote the domiue,nt race who grant-it
THE EXECUTIVE AND THE
DEMOCRATIC PARTY•
The Democrats' are getting to ho very
much dis'satisfied With the President. Ho
will not take such grounds ns they desio' in
political matters; ho' will not change his
CabineLto Suit their demands, and ho will
pot 'giVe them 'solo control of the public
,Offices. _Were ho only to do these things
noii ,- ; - They would continue to give him. as
i - vartu afitilip'ortitS they did before the bloc
tioa, whdn they - fancied ho was going to
succumb to. their dictation[ But if ho will
not, thin ho must look somewhere else for
his supportersw—Andwhere—will he look '1
It is a terrible position, truly ;: and must
appear. all the more terrible to the Dome-_
crate when thoy.think-of the bunions° vnluo
and effeetlrness of their support of the
President in the lute elections.
FROM WASHINGTON
Tho Meeting of Congress.
TI E GALLERIES CROWDED
Good fooling Prevails Among tho Mem
bers.
WASHINGTON ; Doc. 3.
Tho iventhor is as pleasant ns could pee,
sibly be expected.
Thu galleries of the two branches of Con-•
gross aro densely crowded. Those of the
House aro not sufficiently . large. to accommo
date all seekers of admission.
• The members of 'the House are-present, in
full force. Long before noon
.the members
ol; both parties wore seen shaking hands,
with marked cordiality, and conversing on
other subjects than 'politics. A morn looker
-on . would scarcely suspect that differences
on any subject over divided them, so happy
aro they in greeting.
SENATE
The Senate was called to older at tiVelve"
o'clock precisely, by Mr. .Foster, President
pi;c. tem. Prayer was delivered by the
Bey. Dr. dray, of the Baptist
Church. • ,
Mr. Anthony presented the following_res
olutions, which were severally adopted :
That the Secretary inform the 13ousb Unit
a quorum of the Senate is assembled.
That •tho hour for The mooting of the "Son
ate ub twolvo o'clock 'until.' otliefviisb or
dorad..
That n committee of two ho appointed to
join n committee of the House and wait upon
the President to receive his message.
Mr. Sumner said irthera was nohusiness
before the Senate ho - would move to call up
Senate bill No. 1, an act to regulate the elec
tive franchise in the District of Columbia.
HOUSE OF REI92.ESENTATIVES.
The Rei^. Dr. Boijqtan opened the House
with prayer of thankfulness for the result of
the late elections, whiclt tend, he said, to es
tablish the principles of-liberty to all classes
and conditions.
The roll of members was then called, when
141) rumwered - to their names. ' - _
;Dm new members were sworn in from
Tennessee, and two from Kentucky.
.A committee Was appointed to wait — cm the
Troii(Tent mid inform himUna — Congress
bad assembled and was ready to receive any
communication.
:11r. Eliot (Mass,.) asked leave to intro
-1,111 1,0 ropora .the
of the act of July 17th, 1862,'Whielf.SeetiMi
authorizes the President to grant pardon and
amnesty to persons who took part in the re
bellioa.
Mr. Flock (Ohio) objected, and the rules
were suspended so as to allow the bill to be
introduced.
Mr. Eliot's bill was then put upon its pas
sage, and was passed by a vote of 111 to 59.
A resolution was adopted calling for in ,
formation as to the arrest and escape of
John 11. Surat.
A bill. Was introduced, and referred,
reefing. lie sale of $2,000,000 of gold, by
the Secretary of the Treasury, every Mon
day.
ofPorigress-on
the •4th of March.
• 2r. M.—The President's messnce just,
been received. Mr. Stevens mov dto post
pone the reading until to-mo - rroi The
motion was rejected, and the Clerk pr? •ealed.
to read the message.
-• Mr. Stevens introduced a-bill' to regulate
removals. from office, which was made the
special order for Friday next.
Mr. Schenck (Ohio) introduced a bill to
equalize the bounties_ollsoldiers,,saitors and
marines.• Referred to , the Committee on
Military Adliiirs
PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE.
Fellow-citizens of the Senate
anzt..llouse of Representatives
Aftern brief interval the Congress of the
United States resumes its annual legislative
labors. An nil , wise - and merciful Pkovi,
deuce has abated the pestilence which visited
our shores, leaving its calamitouS traces
_upon some'portions of our country.__ Peace,
order,--tranquility,-and civil-authority -have
-heels formally declared to exist throughout
the whole of the United-States.- -In all of
the States civil authority hassuperSeded the
coercion , of arum, rind the people by thelr
voluntary action, am-miuntainifig their
governments in ilall_ae,tryity_fuld_complete
operation. -The enforcement of the laws is
Ise longer " obstructed in any State by com
binations too powerful to he suppressed by
tlru ordinary course of judicial proceedings,
and the.animosities ongendereVry-the war.
are rapidly yielding to the beruflcent influ
ences of our free. Institutions,' rend to the
yindly effects of unrestricted social and corn:.
rnorcialilistercoursp: An entire restoration
of fraternal felling must be the earnest Wish
of, every patriotic heart; and we will havO
accomplished our grandest national achieve-.
meet when,, forgetting, the sad events of the
past and remembering only their-instructive
-lessons-we-resume -our onward- career-1)4-a
-free, prosperous and united people.
In.my mEtsage Of the 4th of December,
1865, Congress was-informed Of the meas
ures which had been instituted by the Ex
ecutive with a viow.to the . gradual 'restore,-
Con, of th - tntriteS-Atf--which-tbo-lnsurrection
occurred to their relatioiis with the General
GovernMent. Provisional clii'verners.' had
been appointed, Con'ventions,called,:Gover
nors elected; - , ,Lpgislittures asseinhlek land
Senators and Itekeseatatives chosen to the
Congress of the - United States. Courts had
'been opened for the enforamerit of laws
long in abeyance. The 'lblockride ' had been
removadoistom-house's re-established, and
the internal revenue laws put hi force, in
order'that the people might contribute, to
the'ruitional income.'" Postal operations had
been roneWed, and.efforts Wore. being . Made
to restore them to theit former condition of
oilicionCy. The States' thainselves -had boors
asked to take part in the ,high_function of
amending the Constitution, 'and of thus
sarictioning7tho extinction ofAfrican i3lave
fy as ono. of the :legitimate , reaulla,of 'our
Internecine struggle, - . . . ,
Having prugresser ilurs far, 'time ,Eieeu
tive Department foulid that, it hail hccom
lilishecl nearly. all that was within4he noise
of its constitutional anthOrity,.. . Ono thing,
lieweverf yet
,remained to, be' done before'
- this' work of rekdratiOn cOuid Vo:cbrapletpd, !
and-that lyaS the adrhisbion 'Corigress Of
loyal, Senator's-and-Representatives _from-the
Statet whose-Topple had rebelled, aganottbe,
' lawful authotity of the oortend GoVerrfmen
Tbis.question devolyed upon the respective.
'Houses, 'th'e Gornsfitution, are
made the judges of the elections,'-,itturne,
and qualificatiOns' of their sawn •mombers ;'
and its consideration' ap onto , engaged, "the;
attention
• • of • Congfess,, ,
'ln tlic ' „ D .
OE= t-;
mat—no Other pi.Opdsetl'
by Congressr-continued its offerjs to per.:
feet,. ns tarl as was practicable', the restora.r.
.timr of' tho proper 'relations between the
citizens' Of tho respective States, and the
Fedeiat. -Government,. - extending- from
time :to - tinier:: its :i the_ pithliecc interests
!seemed to require, the judicial, revenue, and
ostal systorbiTof the- country. With ; the
advice and consent of-4ho'Sonate,_tho noc.;*
essarY officers' ware appointed, , and limo
priations mad by Congresi fianfie pay-;
mont of their :salaries;. The, Proposition to
amend the Federal Constitution, so us to
prevent the existence of slavery within 'the
' United States, or any place subject to their
jurisdiction, , was.Fatitied by the requisite
number of State k.; 4tritl oh the 18th day of
December, 1865; it, Wits officially declared to
have beGomo-vltlid as to part of the Constitu
tion of the United States. All - Of 'the States
in which the' insurrection had existed
promptly' amended their ' constitutions, so
as to make them conforai to the groat change
,thus effected in the organic lavi.of the land; de-
clued- null and void all .ordinances' and
, laws-of secession; repudiated all pr , ended
debts and obligations created for the °volt -
~.,
tionary 'purposes of the' insurreetio • m
I proceeded in good faith to tho enactment
..
measures for the protection and amelioration
of the condition of the colored race. Con
gressEhowever, yet hesitated *.to adMit .any
of thesetStates to representation ; and it was
not until the close of the eighth month of
*the session that an exception Was inside-in
favor of Tennessee, by the admission of - her
Senators and Representatives. .
I deem it a subject - of profound regret' tlat -
Congress bas thus far failed to admit to seats
loyal Senators and Representatives from the
other States, whose infialifiarits;With those of
Tennesseo ? -ad engaged in the rebellion. 7 ,
Ten 'States-more than one-fourth •of the,
whole number—remam without reprosent.t
thin ;
the seats of fifty members in the House
of Representativcs and of twenty members
in the Senate aro yet vacant—notby their.
own consent, not by a failure of olection,but
by the the refusal of Cengress to accent. their
tocoonta4 -.miter namtbsion, it is believed
-WOuld_havemedomplished muolirowarda-the
renewal and strengthening of our relations
as ono people, and removed serious cause for
discontent oil the part of the inhabitants of
those States. It would have accorded with
the groat principle enunciated in the Decla
ration of American Independence, that no
people ought to bear the burden of taxation,
and yet bo denied the right of representation.'
It would have been in consonance with tile
express provisions 'of trio Constitution, that
l'each- Statoshall -have at -least_ ono.Repre-
sentative," and "that no State, without its
consent, shall 'be dorprived of its equal suf
frage in the Senate.' These provisions wore
intended to secure to-every State, and to - the
people of every State the right of reprosen 7
iation in each House of Congress; and so
important was it deemed by the framers of
the Constitution that the equality of the
‘States in the Senate should be preserved,
that not even by an amendment of the:Con
stitution can any State l without its consent,
be denied a voicein that branch of tho :Na
tional Legislature. '
It is true,- ichas been assumed that the ex
istance of the State was terminated by the
rebellious acts of their inhabitants, and - that
the insurrection having-been suppressed ,they
Wore thenceforward to bmeonsidered mere
ly as continued territories. The Legisla
elFei nxechuye an° Jumeit . u lleptrunonta
of the Government have, however, with
great distinctness and uniform consistency,
refused tb'sanction an assumption so incom
patible with the nature' of our. republican
system; and with the professed objects of
thctwar. Throughout the recent legislation
of Congress, thnundeniab!e fact snakes itself
apparent, that these ten political eornmuni ties
are nothing less than States - Of this:Unarm--
At the very combtencement of the rebellion,
each. House ideclared, with a unanimity as
remarkable us it was significant, that the
war was not "waged, upon _our part in any
spirit of oppression, nor for any purpose of
Conquest - or subjugation, nor Mirpose of over
..throwing or inforfereing with the rights or
establishedinstitutionsof_those States,,hut to
defend and maintain the. supremacy of the
Conststution and all laws made in pursuance
thereof, end to preserve the Union with all
--the-dignity,_equality_and-rights of_the_se.v-.
oral States unimpaired:" as.soon as these
- objects "were accomplished the war ought
to cease." In some instances, Senators were
permitted. to continue their legislative func
tionsoviule An , other -instances ritepresenta
tives were elected and admitted to seats after
their States had formally declared their
right to, withdraw from the Union, and
were endeavoring to maintain that right by
force of arms. All-of the States whose peo
ple wore in insurrection, as States, were in
cluded in the apportionment of the direct
tax of twenty millions of dollars annually
laid upon the United States by the act ap
proved sth August, 1801, Congress, by the
act of March 4, 1802, and by the apportion-
Jpentef representation thereunder, also rec
ognized their presence as States iii the
Union ; and they have, for judicial purposes,
been divided into districts, as States alone
,can be divided.. The aarrnmemognitjon aia,
pears in the recent legislation in reference
to Tennessee, which evidently rests upon the
fact that the functions of the State were'not
destroyed'by the rebellion, but merely' sus
pended ; and that, principle is, of course, ap
plictible to those States which, Ille Tennes
see, attempted-to renounce their place - § - in
the Union. .
The !talon of . ..the Executive Dcparmen't
of the got , subject hes
boon equall , :orm, at.d_tho
inTtlfiosoUT - 1 teeny stleihil in
the prooliun iy predecessor
..._
on the 22d
then soleint
''hereafter, as heretofore, the war will be
prosecuted for the object of practically re
storing the constitutional relation between
'the United States and each of the States
and•tho peoplo thereof, in which States that
relation is or May ho -suspended or disturb,
ed:" ,
The recognition of the States by the Ju
'dicial Doparment of the government has also
been clear and conclusive in all proceedinza
atfectig th - omas — States lied.
.in'tho Supremo,
Circuit and.DistVicts Courts,_
_, _
__
, ~
: In the admission, of Senators and Repre
sentatives from,anpand all the Sfatecirthere
- 6 - ffirro — ii - ci - jtistgronncl of tipprelionSion, . that
personswho are disloyal will be clotheffwith
the powers oflegislation - ; for this could not
happen when the Constitution and the laws
are enforced by a vigilant had faithful Con
grass. Eacli - house is made-the "judge of
the elections - , returns . , and qualifications of
its own-members," an briny, " with the con
currence of two-thirds, 'expel a Member."
:When a Senator or representative pi 7 esents
1114 oortificuto of election,. he.maysf tri - FiCe bo
adinitted or -- rejeeted - rorpiltotild — the - re Zia
any question' as to his eligibility, his cre
dentials- mity'be"ieferred for investigation to
thojapprOprinte .committ(3. . If admitted to
. a adat r it must be upon evidence satisfactory
_tic
„the Mouse - of w_hielf "Lhe tints becomes.a
- menthes that he possesses the requisite con,
stitutional and ,legal' qualificatiOnS. 'lf 're
fuSed admission as a member for want of duo'
allegiance to' the govermhent, and returned
to dus constituents, they era admonished that
mono brit persons loYalto the, United States
will bpallOwed a 'voice in Off legislative
councils of the-nation, and tho_politiCal
'power and moral .influence of Congress are
ii ).
tithe offeetivoly'bxerted in t iiii interests of
loyalty -to the gciVernment and fidelity to
the tnien -,' Upon this q estion, so vitally
affecting the resteratioffet.the Union; and
the'permaneneyof our present form. of gov
ernment, my convictions, heretofore express,
.ed, have undergone no change,; but, on the
contritry,', their 'correctness hiss .been , con-
Ilinied by reflection and time. If the ad
mission of loyal - thembers to seats in the re
spective. louses of Congress was wise' aliii
'expedient -a,year ago, it is no less wise, and
eicpedietit nowi If this anomalous condition
is right hOw—if; in the:exact condition of
theie.States at the-present- time; it is' lawful
to exclude 'them-from repreaentation, I do
not 'see that the question will be changed by
the efflux: of tithe. , Ten years hence, if these
States 'remain, as - they are, 'the 'right of rep
resentation will be no'strongar- - =:thorigyt of
exclusiontWill be:no weaker ? i-
.. : ,-...
~ , TlM , ,Constitution. of the, United, Slates
makes it the duty, of the President to recom
mend to the - Consideration of UOngressi
x-.l'such
.inticistirOC aahe 'Shall; judge neeessitry',Pr e
- a te.
pedient." I IchoW tio Measure .moii l o Aril
sperativoly_demancled -every consideration
;of national interest, so nd policy and equal
'roan the
theadiniSsion of loyal members
irorii the nPti - n - nrepresented',Statasi This
•'tvvould'rionsumuiat&the - Work of. restoration,
'and- exert a most salutary influence in, the
iieToStablishment of pectek,hartnony audlra
'Ming- 'feeling% - It would tend gibatlyto re
mew the donildon6 of the AmericAn pooplo
ite;the Vigor and'. stability of 'their inetitu
' iiona. It Would bind us more 'closely td
gether.as a,nrition and enable uff to show to
the • world -- ' the inherent and :recuperative
,power of a governmeift, founded upott .the
will of the people, and "-established.on_ the
Our'of libertyi justice and intel 'gene°.
Our increased strength and enhance ;pros
-parity would', irrefragably demoust to:the
fallacy of the arguments,against 'f Ca insti
tutions drawn from our tecoht • national dis
ordera_by the onomienof republican gOvena-•
mont., ,The_adrairision_of._.loyal, members
from the States now excluded from Congress,
by , allaying.doubt and apprehension: would
turn capital,_now. awaiting rai opportunity for -
-
investment, into .the channels of • trade and
industry. It would alleviate the present
troubled condition of those States, and, by
inducing emigrationoaid in the settlenient
of fertile regions now, uncifitivated,"nnd lead
to an increased .production.of those staples
Which have added so greatly .to the wealth
of the natioh and the commerce of the world..
New fields of enterprise would- be, opened to,
our progressive' people, and. soon' the devas
tations of war would be repaired,' and, all'
traces 'of our domestic, differences &aced
from the minds of our countryman. , . •
In our-efforts to preserve the " unity of
government -Which constitutes-n:4 'one pee
-plei" by restor the States to the condition
which. they h - prior to the 'rebellion, we
should be cautious, lost, having. rescued our"'
nation from perils of threatened disintcgra-,
Lion, wo resort to consolidation, and du: the'
end absolute despotism, as a remedy kir the
-recurrence of similar trouble's: -The war
having, terminated, and, with it all occasion
for the exercise of powers of doubtful spn
stitutionality, wo should hasten to bring
legislation within the boundaries prescribed
by the Constitution, and to return to the an
cient -landmarks established- by our fathers
for the guidance of succeeding generations.
" The Constitution which at any time ex
ists, until_ changed . by an explicit and au
thentic act of the whole people, is sacredly
-,m;,‘+...-..y. L 4 ,-,..0 nu " fr If, in the opinion
of the whole people, the distribution or ined-_
A fication'er - tife - conslittitionnl — p6wois be, in
any particular '
wrong, let it. be corrected by
an amendment in the way.in.whicli the Con
stitution designates. But let there bo no
change by usurpation:for it is the customary
weapon by which free governments are de
stroyed." Washington spoke these words
to his countrymen, when, followed by their
love and gratitude, he voluntarily retired
froM the cares of public life.
- "To keep all things within the pale of our
constitutional-powers; and cherish the Fed
eral Union as the only rock of safety," 'were
prescribed by Jefferson as rules of action to
endear to his " countrymen the truo princi
ples of their Constitution, and promote a
union of sentiment and action equally au
spit:ion:4 to their happiness and safety."
Jackson hold that the action of the general
government should always be strictly con
fined to the sphere af its appropriate duties,
and justly and forciblplirged that our gov
41nent is not to be maintained nor. our
llnion preserved "by invasions of the rights
and powers of the. several States In thus
attempting to make our general government
strong we make it weak. Ita.true strength
consists in leaving individuals and States as
much as possible to themselves; in making
itself felt, not in its power,,but in its ben&
eenc6;-:-not• in its collSt:A but in its protec
tion ; not in binding ThrStates more.olosoly
to the centre, but leaving each to move un
obstructed in its proper constitutional or
bit." These are the teachings of menwhoso
deeds and services have- made them illus
trious, and who, long since withdrnwn from
the scenes of-lifo, have left to their country
the rich legrfey of their example, their \OS
dom and their patriotism. Drawing fresh
inspiration from theirlessons, let us emulate
them in love of country and, respeol_for the
Constitution and the laws. - -- - '
, The report of the Secretary of the Treas.
ury 'affords - flinch information respecting
the revenue and commerce of the country.
His views upon the currency, and with ref-,
erence to a proper adjustmentref-ous-revon
-00 system, internall;ns .well:-as7impost,are
cdinnfended to the careful consideration of
Congress. In my last annualmossage I ex
pressed my general views upon these subjects,
1.-zeicecl -now_odly.hall_attention_to_the_rfoces, _
sity of carrying into every department of
the government a system of rigid accounta
bility through retrenchment and wise econ
omy._ With no evooational nor unusual ex •
penal tures - Ail o oppressive - burdens - of taxation
can be lessened by such a modification of our
revenue laws as will be consistent with the
public faith and the legitimate and necessary
wants of the government.
The report presents a much more satisfac
tory condition of our finances than one year
ago the most sanguine could have anticipa
ted. During the fiscal yearending the 30th
- June, 1865, the last year of the war, the
public debt was increased $914,902,537, and,
on the 31st of October, 1865 it amounted to
$2,740,854,750. On the 31St!clafOf October,
1866, it had been reduced to $2,551,319,000,
the diniinution, during.a period of fourteen
months, commencing September 1, 1865,
$206,379,565. . lust annual report on
on. the state of the finances, it was estimated
that during the three, quarters of the fiscal
year ending ..the 49th of, June last, the debt
would be ,Incrert'SCMizz,l94,94 r. During
that period, howeVer, it was reduced $31,-
100,387, the receipts of tile year having been
$89,905,985 more and the expenditures
$200,520,235 less more,
the estimates. Noth
-ing.conld mere clearly ihficate, than these
_stitternents_the extent_ and-avallabllity of the
national resources, and the rapidity and
safety with which, under our form of gov
ernment, grBist military and naval establish
ments can be disbanded, and expenses're
dueed from a war to a peace footing.
'During the fiscal year ending the 30th of
Juno ' 1806, the receipts were 5658,032,620,
and the expenditures $520,750,040, leaving
an available surplus. of $37,281,680., It is
estimated that the receipts fur the flseal year'
ending the 30th of Juno, 1867, will be $475,-
001,386, and that - the expenditures willreach
the sum of $316,428,078, leaving in alto
treasury a surplus of $158,533,308. For the
fiscal year ending * June 3V1866,.it is esti- ,
.matod that the receipts sylll amount_te
000,000, and that the expenditures Will be
$350,247,641, showing an excess of $85,723,-.
359 in favor of the government. These es-•
timated receipts, may be diminished-by a re..
daction of exeisst and import - detilln dint
after all necessary reduetldiffiiiliiiiirave teon
made, the revenue of the present and of fol
lowing years will doubtless be sufficient to
cover all legitimate Cliaiges upon the treas
ury, and leave a largo annual surplus to :be
applied to the payment of the principal of
the debt. There seems now to he no good
reason why taxes may not_be• reduced as the
beiffit - trirdWilfchi - in
and yet the debt be extinguished-within the
next quarter ofra century. •
' The report. of the Secretary of War fur
nishes valuable-and important informations_
in reference to,the operations of his depart
nffint daring, the past year. Few Vollintdei
upw remain in-the service, and they aro he
' ing discharged. as rapicllypis they can be re-'
Placed by • regular •trOepl.: The army has
hew prom paid, carefully prdirided with
medical -ionent, well sheltered and suli
sistedouid is to, to furnished with 'broach
loading small arms. The military Strength
of 'the nation lies' been unimpaired by the
discharge of volunteers; the disposition' of
unserviceable or perishable stores,,and the
retrenchment of, expenditure. ~Suilleiesrt
war material to . meet any omergeney lies'
been retained, and from the disbanded V61 , -
Unteers standing ready to.respond to thelia
tional call, large
,arinie.l can
_be, rapidly
*organized, equipped ,atisitocoricentrated.—_
Fortifications on the coat and Frontier Iffiva
reeeived or' are 'being prepared for mere
powerful armaments; hilce survey's; and bar,
bor pied river improvententa are sncourao.of
ontirgetie prosecution. Preparations have
been - made for tins payment of the additional
bounties authorized duHrig-tliO reeent Sesifon _
.of •Oongres . s, 'under ,suchiregulatiens as'will
protect the government from fraud and ao-•
cure to the honorably discharged soldier the
well earned resirarcl 'ef;'his fiiithfutriells• and
gallantry. Moro 'than 'six thousand' maimed
poldiors have received artillcial,lirnba or
other surgical- apparalus ; forty-one national
-hemeterlit; clihtaining this remains of 104,.:
626, soldiers have already .been'ostablished.
The' total _estimate' of militaryr.approptia,'
tions is $fi5,205,669..• •; • :;t; ',„
atatedlin r tbef report- of' the‘tise,Sooso r
tary of the Navy that the naval fOrceat - this.
'time &malts of hundred Mid ..'seventy• • •
• eight VeSsolii; armed 'with two thotisamlthree
hundred and'fifty one guns,: Of those, one
.liiiirdred and lifteen 'vessels, 'carying opo
tlffiusand ajicl:twonty-ninegsins,.nro
'mission; distributed chiefly 40YOU
squadrons. Tho number of monla tho &or.
1862,'1t, was
. declared that
vice is thriteen thousand six hundred.—
Great activity' and vigilance have teen dis
played by all the squadrons, and then rove-,
ments have boon judieiously And- cliciontly
arranged in such mannernstWonld best Pro
mete American:commerce 'arllpioteet the
rights and ititeresti.of our countrymen tt
broait,'.Tbe le'ssolts tinemployed and ulidor'-
going' repairs are laid up until their services
:rimy, bd required. Most of the iron cladileciej
is at League Ishind, in the , vicinity of Phil- I
adelphia, a place 'which until decisive action
should Ito taken by . Congress,. was : selected
bythe,Secretary of the Navy •ns the: most
eligible location for that class of vessels, ,
.';',/t.is ininortantahath fit:likable public eta-,
tion should bo provided for the iron clad 'fleet,
It is intended that these vessels shall be in
proper condition for any . ornorgericY, and it
is desirable that the bill_ accepting League
.Island for.'naval purpoSes,_which , passed the
House Of.Ropeesentatives at its-lust session,-
should raceiVii final action at tin early period,:
in order that there may: be a'suitable public.
station ,for.thisi'cless . of - vessel% as well its a
navy ytird of area sufficient fdr the wants of
the service; on the DoliiiVare :river. Tho
:naval - Libation fund amounts t0'511,750,000,
having been Increased .$2,755,000 during
the year: ~ The expenditures of the depart
mont.for the fiscal year ending 80th Juno
last, - Were $43,324,526, and this estimates for
the coming your amount -to $23,568.436.
Attdntion is inviteclJo the condition of our
• seamen, and. the importance of legislative
Indasurei for their relidf and improvement:
~..T4rtreriggostiOris in behalf of this deserving
- Class of our 'follow citizensatre earnestly re
commended to the favorable .attention of
Congress. ' - , ,
The eepor,tpthe PostmaSter General pre
sents. a most satisfactory condition of the
postal sonvice, rind submit,Frecomtnenclation
whit:ll:deserve tho.eonsideration Of Congress.
The revenues of the Depertment-fOr-Ilin
year ending June 30, 1866, were $14,386,980,
and the expenditures $15,352;079, showing
an eicess of the latter of $904193. In an
ticipation of this slofloioncy, however, a
.specialimpropriation_wits in ade_by__Congress
in the - act approved ,July 28, 1860. Insind-:
ing the standing appropriation of $700,000 -
for rein; mail Matter, as a legitimate portion
of the revenue yet.renmining unexpended,
tho actual deficiency•for the past Year is only
$265,093—a sum within $51,141 of - the a
mount. estimated iji the annual. report of
1851. • Tho decreasO of revenue compiined.,
with the previous year was ono and one-fifth per cent, and the Inereaso of expendi
tures, owing principally to the enlargement
of the lilted service iii theSouth', was twelve
per cent. On the 30th of June 'last, thorn
' were in operation six thousand nine hun
dred and thirty mail routes, with an aggre
gate length of one hundred and eighty
thousand six hundred and twenty-ono miles,
an aggregate annual transportation of:sev
enty-one Million eight, hundred and, thirty
seven thousand nine hundred and fourteen
miles, find - an aggregate annual cost, inclu
ding all expenditures, of $8,410,184.
The length of railroad routes is thirty-two
thousand and ninety-two miles, and the:fin
uual 'transportation thirty million sin ,Nuif
dred and nine thousand tour and sixty-coven
miles. The length of • steamboat routes is
fourteen thousand three hundred and forty
81X inirles, and the annual tritneporta icon
three million font- h—a,sa nod eleven thous
and nine hundred sixty'two miles. The
mast oorvioo is rapidly increasing throughotit'
the whole country, and its steady extension
in southern States indicates their constant
ly improving condition.'. The growing im
portance of the foreign, service-also_merits
attention. The Post-:Alice Department or
-Great Britian and our•own have agreed upon
a preliminary basis for a postal animation,
which it is believed will prove eminently
beneficial toithe commercial interests of the
United States, inasmuch as it contemplates
a reduction of the international letter pos-
lege to'ocio-halt the existing rates; a redue ,
lion-of postage - With ail other countries -to
ned from which correspo'ndence is transmit
ted in the British mail, or in closed mails •
through the United Kingdom; the establish
-meat of uniform and - reasonable charges. for
the sea and territorial transit of correspond
once in closed mails; and on allowance to'each
Post-ollice Department of the 'light to:use
_.alLmail_c_ommunieatfons established under
the authority of the other for the dispatch
of correspondence, eitheein open or closed
mails, On UM same terms as those-riipplice
cable to the inhabitants of the country pro
-.Vlrlicrrthe morms - of - transmission.
The report of the Secretary of the Interior
exhibits the condition of those branches of
the public service which are committed to
supervision. During the last fiscal year,
four millions six hundred nucl twenty-nine
thousand three hand rd and-twelve acres of
public land were disposed- of, (me million
eight hundred and ninety-two thousand five
hundred and sixteen acres of which were en
tared under the Homestead act. The policy
originally adopted, relative to the public
1 inds has undergone' essential modifications.
Immediate revenue, mid net their rapid set
tle-:,eat, was the cardinal feature of oa ..., tland
mes
system. Long ,experience and na die.,
• .ouesion-liavo resulted. itt-tho-coaviction_that_
the early development of our ' agricultural
'resources, .and the llqusion of an energetic
populatibn over our vast territory, are ob
jects of far greatek importance to the na
tional growth and prosperity than thi.-rpro
ceeds of the sale of the laud to the highest
bidder, in the open mar et. Tho preemp
tion laws confer upon th •doneer who coin
'plies with the terms they 'mposo the .priv
iloge of purchasing a limite portion of 'Mild
toffered - laude" - nt the Mitthrl tri -,- •price. --- The
\
homestead enactments roll vit.:the settler
from the pitEnputof_purchnse money, and
secure - HUI a permanent home, upon the
conditions of residence for a term of years.
This liberal policy inviies emigration from
old and from .the more crowded portions of
the new world, • Its propitiates resultsare
undoubted, and will be more signally mani
fested when time shall haw' given to it a
widerireirelopMeet,: • .
Congress has math: liberal grants of pub
lic land to corporations, in aid of the con
struction of railroads and other internal im
provements. Should this policy heaeafier
privbil, more stringentproVisir;iii-Will.-b-d
-requited_to, socu ro. a . faii.bfgl.app)ication
the fund. The title to the lands should not
passi.by pat'eut or otherwyty, but remain in'
the Governinent and subject tolfs...control
Until some portion of the road has been ac
tititilY'bnilt: "PiirLions of than might - then;
from time to time, be conveyed to the cor
poratiou,'hut never in, grdater ratio to the
whole qtfantity embraced bj' the grant tlian
the completed parts bear to the ontjro length
of thO projected lutproGnient. This.restric-.
flan Would not operate to the prejudice of an
Undertaking conceived 'hi good faith and ex
, ecutod with "rehsoluitilO - onergy-,..0l t loth
-settle-cl-practice-to-withdraw-from-murkot
the lands foiling . within ; the Rperation.of
such,grants, awl thus to excludo the incep
tion-of-a .sulnequent adirorqe right. A
.breach - Of - the conditions :which Congress
may deenuroper , ttr - impose should work: a
forfeiture-of claim to ilia lands so witirdrawn
but uneonvoyedwhich romain unsold.
Operiitioini en tho several lines 'of Ihdlroad
base been primentodwalt unexampled tiger' and...sue,
coos. Should no unforesuon effuse of doloy occur, 'Dia'
confidently autiolplited that this great \ thoraughtlfro
will ho completed Imforotho expiration of the period'
designated by Congrfiffs. " ' '
During tho last Sinai your tiuramount paid to pen
sioners, including the expenses of dial urseinont, wax
thirteen millions four Manned mid 'fifty-nice thousand
ohm hundred and ninoty.dix dollars, awl fifty thousand
ono' hundrod find fieventy.soven Haloes were added to
ponaionrolle, Tha entire nuniber Of peosionors, Juno
SO, 18 00, was ono hundred and twenty-x - thousand Well
'hundred and' tvnlify-two. TIMI that furnishes Moho,
choly andstriking proof of thoimerifices map to, yin
dipole thiitonstifistional authority of Dm Federal Obv
eimnout, and:to maintain tho !faculty ,of tint
xtillion. They impbso uponim corresponding obligations.
It is estimated thirty-Ulna/ will
ho required to moot tho oxigoneles,of thlp proucif of the
• iservico during UM next fiscal year.' ' ' • ••• ''-
; Treaties have been concluded .wlth,the Indians; who;
enticed into arnica opposition to our Clovernment - lit
the outbreak .of the rubolileu, hain'iinconditionally
aftfbmitted to ums authority,. and monifested.oarnost
desiro for n renowal of fr ie ndly 'relationth • ' ' • '•
puitug-tho , year Septomber, 30,v3.860, eight
Oakwood seven hundred and sixteen potonto for . use
thilnifinctilifin and ilbsignit were ildsued;; , ftrahiat. that
data Dm balance In tho ,Trensury ,to tho credit tho
Patelit food waslwo'immirtiffl bad--t*dufreight thou.
kraut two hupdrednnil ninaty.soved dollars. . .
no; a. suldect, upon : which depends an Immenso
fnount'af 'piodudtlonl rind• commune' bf • tho , country,
I recommontl to. congress such logishition as may ho
necessary .10 .tho"'prcsorvatkin of 'tiler loveini of tho
'Sb la dniattO Ofnationnilintrortanoo
that ,oarly, stops should be taken not only to odd to the
OffiCioney'ofthesii lihrrlora bimlnst ilestruatiVo' Mond&
Donis; put for tho„ removal of, alb ,obsOnetions kr: tho
ttrea Linil'enfo navigation of Odd great chanfici of trado
.and COmmorco ..; t; i; • . - ,:,.1:`;I.. • •• ;
Tho District of Cohnubla, tinder oxistlng laws, Is not
Ontitled•to that roptessittatlon In the Nittional Ontinclie
pthlch,-from.our Oarliest_ifiatory, Imo boon uniformly !lo
ci:Oda WWl.' Torritthy established D•oltiliniff" to thus
within ourlimits... It mointalus .poeullar relations to
Ootigrims,,tcrwinon , Ulu Constitution 'has granted the
iliSwer hfil exbreisexelfiffitri legislation over; thlf; seat
of govornmontr Our followtcltizons residing/ft' too
trict,'Whesolnteroste are thus confided 'to the giOclal .
guardioriShip of Oongrossinxooditr-noinlfer. Otolfolme
lotion of several of our Territories, and' no -Just reason
hiporeelvod whilo a dologato o theiroliolco should not
'be odmittod,to a'aoat rho ilqueo Itoprooontahlvon.
0 patio tiobitio ad appropriatil and'enbotUal aretaltuis
thorn to make known their peculiar condition and
wants, and securing the local legislation adapted to them.
4'i-therefor°, rocommond the passage of a law author
izing the elootois'of the District of Columbia to choose
a delegate, to bq alloWad the spore rights and.priviloges
as a &legato representing n Torritory.- The increasing
onterpriso and rapid progress of improvement in the.
District- aro highly gratifying, ant I trust that the
. efforts of tho muncipal authorities to promote the pros.'
perity of the imitonal motropolls will receive the
efficient and generous co-oporatidit ,nf.Congross.
, Thu roport of tho. Commissioner of Agricultuto .rc
;time the opordions of 11181/apartment during the past
yoar,ul tufkollioltid of Cougrosa Mlle efforts to on-.
courage those Statos which; scourged by war, are now
earnestly engaged is the reorganization of domestic in
dustry.
- It Is a subject of congratulation that no foreign com
binations 'againig our domestic peaco and safoty-, or our
legitimate iniluenco among the nations, have been
formed or attempted. -- While sentiments of reconcilia
tion, loyalty and: patritlem s havu increasod at homo', a
-more just consideration of Ont. national :character nod
rights bee boon manifested by foreign nations.
, £ho entire success of the Atlantic Telegraph between
the egad, of Ireland * and tho Provinco of Nowfoundland,,
is an achlovoment which has justly boon celebrated in
bothhomisphores as the opening of no ere . the • pro
gross of civilization.. Thoro is mason to expgt that
equal_ Megan will attond, and oven greater results
follow; the enterprise for connecting the two cohtinoothi
through the Pacific. Ocean by tho projectod lino of tolo
graph, between Kamchatka and the Russian 1100110.110e8
in America. •
• • • .
The rosolution of Congress ptotestingegninst pardons,
'by foreign Goveinusents .of persons convicted of In
*mood offeitscp, on conditioll of emigration to our cOm- ,
try; has been communicated to the States • with which
;vio maintain intercourse, and the prdetico, so justly the -
subject of complaint on our. part, has nut been renewed.
Tho congratulations of Congress to the Emperor of
Rusin, upon his esaapti front attonlpted assassination,
have boon presented to that 'humane anti enlightened
rotor, and receivod by him with exprisslon of grateful
.appreciation,
Thu Executive, warned of an attempt by Spanish
. American adirunturers to Indite° the emigration of
freedmen of tho United - States to a foreign country,
protested ogainsithe project RH ono which, if COMM,
ntted, would reduce them to a bentlago even moro op
ptesstvo than that from which they have just been
:1011W:ed. A5811111.11C0 has bean received from the Gov-
. . . . . , .
erntnent of the Stato in which tho plan was latured,
that tho proceedhig will Moot, neither its encourage-.
mont nor approval: It is It question worthy of your
tmt.miderqtlon, whether our laws upon this subject aro
miorptate.to tho prevention of punishment of tho crime
- tlnnt nietljtated: - ' .
• • .
.'lnllasinoialrofrAprll - lrist, - ris , Congtess lo aware, 'a
friendly arrim,,,,ment woo in ale between the Emperor
of Prance and the President of the United States. for
the Ivithdrawal from Mexico of the French expedition
ary military forces. Ws withdrawal Vella t0;110 effected
in three detachfuents, the, first of which, 4,..,vas under
stood, would I.Mve Moxicoin November, Ithsl, past, th,.
second in Mardi next, nod the third nod last in Nevem
li, -- 1867.7Innnedfaiely upon the complotion of the
evaimatton, the French boverninent wan to 11.111M0 th
same attitude of nonintervention, in regard to Mexico
an is held by the Clovernment of the United- :Wales
Repeated nssmances have been gim,m by tlei Emperor
sineo that agreement, that Ito would complete the prom
toed evacuation within (11u period mentioned, 0
sooner,
It was reasonably expected that,the.preceedings thus
contemplated would produce a Crisis of great political
Anterest.itt tho Republic of Mexico. The newly Appoint
ed - Minister - of the United Shifts, ME — Campbell, was
theretbro sent tbrivard, on (ho MU day of Novomber
last, to assume his proper functions on Minister Pleni
potentiary of the United States to that -Republic. It
was also thought expedient that Ito should. Ito attended
in the vicinity of Moxitto by the Lieutenant General of
the Army of the - United Plates, with the view of ob
taining such information as might be important to de
termine the course to he pursued by the United States
in re-establishing and maintaining necessary and prop
or Intorcourso with tho Republic of Mexico: Deeply
interested in tho cause. of_ liberty. and humanity, it
-
seemed an obvious duty on our part to exercise whatevor
infltionced tvo possessed for the restoration and per
manent establishment in that country of a domestikyind
republican form of goVerunient.
Such was the condition of affairs In regard to Mexico,
.Whon, on tho 22d of November last, official information
was rocoiyeil from Paris that tho Emperor of Fritheo hod
some time before decided, not to withdraw itilotachment
of hilt forces lit the month of November past, according
to engagement, but that this deeiNloll tenon mad° with
the purpose of withdrawing thexhole of those forces in
tho ensuing spring. Of this determination, however,
tho United States had not received any noeo or inti
mation; and, so soon as tho informution was received
by the , governmet, care wan taloa. mo to
.4.eorst o - rno - mnprornr yranco.
• I cannot forego tho hope that Franco will reconsider
the subject, and adopt somo resolution in regard to rho
evacuation of Mexico which will conform no nearly as
practicable with the existing engagement, and Limo meet
fidijitat expectations of tho United States.. The papers
relating to the subject will be laid before you. It is be
tiered that, with the evacuation Of Mexico by the expe
ditionary forces, no subject for Oorions differences be
tween France and the United States would remain.
The exprosilons of the Emperor and people of Franco
warrant a7hopu that-the traditionary friendship between
the two countries might in thri.t, case tat renewed and
permanently restored.
A claim of a citizen of tho United States Or indemni
ty committed so tho Itiglc.soas by the
French authorities, in the exercise of belligurentpower
against Mexico, lies lieen met by the - govet.hutent of
Trance with a proposition to defer settlement until a
mutual convention for tho I.ljomti.nt of all claims of
citizens and subjects of both countries,.arising, out of
Shexcceutivrarrum_this_continunt, shell be agreed upon
by the two countries. The - suggestion is notcleemed
reasonnXe, but lebelotigs to Congress to direet,the man
nor in which chains for indemnity by fareiguers, no well
as by citizens of, tho United States, arising out of the
late civil war, dbnll be adjudicated a n d determined. I
have no doubt that the subject of all•such
engage your attention at a convenient and proper time.
It is a matter of regret that no considerable advance
has been made towards an adjustment of the differences
between the Unifed States anti Great Britain, arising
out of, the depredations upon tier national commerco
teitturingtmr - civit - warlir
MOM- pubjects, in violation of international law and
treaty . obligations. The delay, .howler, nny be be- .
Hayed to have resulted inmo small degree front tho do
mestic situation of Great Britain. An entiro change of
1.•
Elton of Parliament. The attention of the new munsti'y
was called to the subject at an early day, and' there is
some reason to expect that it will now_ bo considered in
a becoming and .friendly spirit. The importance of an
early disposition of tlie question cannot be exaggerated,
‘Vlndover might'ho the - wishes of the two governments,
it is manifest that gold will and friendship between tho
• two countries cannot be established until a reciprocity,
in the practice of good faith and neutrality, shall be re
stored between the respective nations.
OnlimOth of Juno hod, in violation of our neutrality
laws, a military expedition and enterprise against the
British North American colonies was projected end at
tempted to be carried an within the territory and jurlS:
diction of tho United States, In obedience to the obli
gation Imposed upon the Executive by the Constitution,
to see that the laws aro faithfully executed, all citizens
were trained, by iffuchunation, against taking part in,
or aiding such unlawful proceedings, and the proper
civil, military and naval officers were directed to take
all Accessary measures•ter the enforcement of the lawn.
,The_expetlition..falb.a4hut It....has.not!_been .without-i ts.
-painful consequences. Susie of our citizens, who, it
was alleged, were engaged in the expedition, were cap
tured, mid intro been brought to trial, as for a capital
, offence, in the pruritic° of Canada. 'Judgment and sen
tence or death have been pronounced against some,
Widlolothortt-int,e-been-t.piltted,--.Fully
the maxim of govertunent, that sorority of civil potash-,
meat for misguided persons who have engag ed In revo
lutionary attempts which have disastrously failed 181111-
.111 A and lIIIWIIIO, such MIIITIMIMMIOIIB . IIIWO been made
to the British government in behalf of the convicted
Persons, MY, beinng tal,aalllall by all enlightened and 111,
• MailmjliMpatint, wlil , at is hoped, induce Inc UMW canal
an e x ercise of clemency, and a judicious aninestpdo,all
who were egaiteilin iho movement, Counsel hasbeen
employed by the government to defend eitNens of the
United States on trial ibr 'capital offences in Canada,
Mill a dIMUIItiIIIIIIIICO of thdprosecutions which were
instituted in the courts of the United States against
those who toolc part in tho expedition has Lein direct
ed.
I have regarded the expedition ' as not only political
in its nature, but es also in a great measure foreign
front the United Staten In its causes, character Mei ob
jects. The attempt wow understood to be undo in spa . -
Panty ivith an insurgent party In Ireland, and, by stri
king at a British Province on this continent, was design
ed ttiattl in obtaining redress for political grievances
:which, It Was assumed, tho petkple of Ireland had suffer
ed at the hands of - 1116 'SIMI& government during is
period one: wend centuries. The persons engaged in it
were chiefly natives of that country, some of whom had,
Ono others hail .not, become—citizens tho United
StAtestindermuiLgeneraLliwffoLnaturalizetion. , _ Cum,
plaints 5 f misgovernmeut.in Ireland continually engtme
the - attention of the British nation, and en great an agi
tation is now prevallingn /relamlthat the - British - a. ,
eminent hes deemed It `necessary to suspend the writ
of babel/a corpus in that country. These ciretumitalices
must necessarily modify the-opinion which
_we 'might;
otherwise have entertained ht regardiffaff expislition
expressly. prohibited by our neutrality jaws. So long
' no those laws remain upon stir etatute books, they should
be faithfully executed, and If they ',Panto harshly, nn-
Justly, or oppressively, Congress alone can appLy the
remedy, by their modification or repeal.
Political and cominovial interests of the United States
aro not unlikely to be affected in some degree by events
which are transpiring hi the eastern regions of Europe,
and tho time, scorns to lino come when our government
ought to have a proper diplomatic representation In
Greece. .
. .
Tho gOvernmont hes Mahnod for all persons not con
eiln
political right of solf-oxpatrlation, and a choice of new
national allegiance; Most of the European States lntVo
dissented from this principle, and Inwarcialmod u right
to hold such of their mildects as liiwo.'immigrated to
and boon naturaliztid in tho United - Stitt., and al tor
words returned on' transient visits to Moir 'lath° Coun
tries, to tho porformanco of military servico in,lihe man
nor as foldout subjects: Complaints larising train tho
claiurfn this respect . 'undo by 'lordly' States hiti3 inure
toforo boon natters of controvorsy between tho United
Stateleandsomo of the European Powors, end the. irri
tation consequout upon the PLUM.' to sottio rho question
.inereatithinuring the seer in which Prussia, Italy and
Austria were recently engaged.. While Great Initain
has never neknowlodged the right of expatriation, she
tans not prat:Melly insisted upon it. Franco has been
equally totbeftrlug ;, and Primed', has proposed a com
promise, width, although evincing increased liberality,
bus not been ['crept.] by the
_United States... Peace Is
now prevailing ovorywhoro hi Enropo, end the present
swim to be n favorablo, time for au assertion by Con
gress.olthe princlple,so long ,Maintained by the
utiVo Departnient, that unturalization'hy ono State ful.
ly exempts tho native-burn subject of any other State
iron the perponiumo of military service under any for
eign government, so long ttli he does not voluntarily ro.
novice its rights and bandits. ,
In tho portbruihnco of a duty '11111(011W upon mo by
the Constitution, have thus Aubnittted to tho repro
sontatives of the States and Cif tho peoplo such in forum-
Cott of oar domestic and foreign affairs so the public in
terests Bunn to require.' Our government •ls non , "un
dergoing its timid trying' ordoahltml my earnest prayer
it., tlat.tln peril any bo successfully and finally poised,
Without impairing Ito original strength and symmetry.
Tho interests of the nation era best to bo promoted by
tho revived of fraternal reletione, the completo oblitera
tion-0f der Past differences, and the roluaugtwallon of
all Um pursuits of peace.. Dlreeting.our efforts to tho
early" seconrpllamnentor thents - grait.sudat,Actt,u,M,
daavor to preserve hainnoify between the:coordinate de
partments of Ulu government, that each' hi its proper
splioro May cordially roopdratowith the other in secur-
Ing tho ninintonauccint the , Constitution, the. preserve-
Um of ,tho 'Union, and - the perpetuity of our freo With
tntione. • ' ' .1 AMWAY JO,I4NBOIC
Offiehp. Reportof the Arrest of John
. " • •H. Surratt: -
WA,9IIINGT9N, DEC.' 2.
The Govan - it - heat had information as long
Ago its last Wintor that John-R. Surratt had
gone td Burope:' - 7Tho person Irlio'bOmmuniL
cafed'ilio feats conversed with him (hiring
the voyage across the . 'Atlarttio, and also ro
iiortsd that'Surrattkplielleving he Was fat :. r . o.:
movod.frone danger ; was free and oAtspolcon
about , hia . cOnnectionith tile 4stissination.
` . 5 oosotary , lapward
rocoivod ii - dhipatch by tho Atlantic . cable;
dated-A.) 7 day, as follows : . • '
I have arrested John U: Surratt, ono of
-President Lincoln's assassins. No doubt of
. HALE, U. S. Consul General,
Alo7Landria,
Etfalai ad Counig Saittro.
--tIVIL DUDLEY DOWN 6, a minister of the
church of God in Christ, lufirbonri - - deliver,
ing a series of religious addresses in Rheem's
Hall. Tbdso meetings nro4uitd well attend
ed, our'people ovipcing much interest in the
subjects which Mr. Dorm no ably die
-cussing. The meetings _ will continuo for
some Limo. .The public is invited. c
To say that Emerson's New Volum°ld
Sacred Music' "TnEtTiTIIIVATE," is "good;'
is not saying half enough in its praise.
is, most decidedly, the best book foi Choirs,,
Schools, Musical Conventions and families
now published. , In evidence• of this we
have only to stag that half a dozen precise
aro required to meet the demand. DIT6ON.
& CO., BOStbli,• are the publishers
Jos. MILLER, Auct'r., will sell on De
comber 16th, ut tha rosidoneedf W..W. Ca
Totheas, in -- Weatponrisboro twp., Cows'
Odep, Hogs, Wagons, Plows &c.
EXCELLENT: WRITING FLUID.—W 6
have received,tromltr.•o. L. LOWMAN, piir_
enterprising chemist and Photographer, - a•
a bottle of chemical writing fluid, and
we find it vastly superior to any we 'have
used for n Year past, It has all of the quill:
ities of good ink, and in these days of quack
nostrums, it is a real comfort to get an ar
ticle which will stand-every test. The first
premium diploma nt the • late Penne State
fair, and adiploma from the Maryland Insii
tuleffair, attest its
A MONUMENT l'Olt OUR BOLDIEItS.
We arc rejoiced that an enterprise is on foot
which hasrfor its object the erection of a
suitable_monument in .comruoration of 'the
heroic services of those citizens of Cumber
land County who fell in their country's sex
vice during the recent rebellion. .In the
nature of things we can never repay the
debt of gratitude we owe to those noble
triTi who saved the Republic from the dire
perils which threatened its existence during
ttio dark hours of the rebellion ; but we may
by n generous liberality to the' living and a
becoming, regard for the memories of—the
gallant dead, discharge at least a part of
that oblidifion. This proposed monument
ie at once the most graceful and enduring
tribute we can pay to the memories Of these
who in.fore front of the battle or in the low—
ly hospital gave up their liveCas an offering
upon the altar of freedom; and we cheerfully
liceord our word of encouragement to the
project. We have in (Sur possession a draw
ing of what seems to us a - very tasteful . and
elegant monument.- It is in the form of, no
obelisk set upon an eramented - pedestal,
and placed in one - mf our public squares
would present a beautiful and imposing ap
pearance. ~We have also two specimens of
marble commonly used in the construction
of monuments, which with the,drawiug,we
shall be happy to exhibit to any of our
friends . who may feel an interest in thisonat
ter. For the Present sad until npermanent
monurnent'association may be formed, sub
ficriptions in aid of this Object may be fact
with A L. SimsLca., Esq.
TIIE RECOvEILY STOLEN Llortsts.—
We have, in the recovery of the horse of Mr.
Jonas_ _Alayameity. of Praia Word tosvnohip,
striking instance of the potency of printer's
ink. The horse was stolen from Mr. MAY-z
crony's stable on the night of Monday, the
26th instant. The owner as soon as the
theft was discovered went to Newville, and
sent messages by telegraph to a number of
points, giving a description of the stolen an
imal. Here the matter rested until Satilr
day morning, no trace of the missing ani
mal having been found up to that time. On
'Saturday Mr. AfAYDERRY came to Carlisle and
applied to officer McCartney for advice as
to 411Vappecheaision_oLtkie..thier.--That-ofll—
counseled the immediate •sending of
printed handbills, containing a description
of the horse, to points, on all the probable
routes o escape. 1s W - a.s. onm.arithe
result was that on Sunday evening h mes
sago was received froncliereersburg, Frank-
lin County, that a horse answering the hand
bill description was„at that.p l race_ in the
stable of a liveryman, who had - traded for
the animal two days previously. On Monday
Mr. M. repaired to OhamiThrebtirg, whore
the horse had been brought by the Mercers
burg liveryman. Had Mr. Muyncnnv cir
culated his bills immediately after he had°
ascertained his loss the horse would have
been recovered and the thief apprehended
at Mercersburg, instead of the latter having
time to impose umn en innocent man and
make good his own escape, _
- -.tiVessrs. Petirose--iind -others, have given .
STRONG, the following letter. for the'
purpose of assisting him in his enterprise
OARI4SLE, DRC 6, 1866.
Al n . STRONG,
Sir :—)Vo have, examined . your plan for
making n-Map and Directory of this place
and approve of it, and think that such a
publication:OH prove of groat advantage to
our town, also a source .of gratification' to,
those who have it, we doubt not, but, that
the enterprise - will he liberally patronized
by our intelligent' citizens.
W. M. PEN 4E;
Hs - E1t502:7,.
j RUEEk
E. M. BIDELE.. - •
NEW RAILROAD. —T he immense quan=
titles of-iron-ore which hasbeen found along
the base of the Smith Mountain,. , lies,
coin
pelted the owners and lessees'of tlio pre infuls,
to adopt a more sure and oxpedittious s modo
of bringing it to Market than, now exists.
In view of •the fact - that an incalculable
amount of this - useful material--still lies
undipeovered, imbedded in the sides of those
Mountains, tins - parties interested are now
engaged- irt . .surseyink a.route for' is railroad
-to connect with.the Cumberland' Valley, at
this place, and have its terminus , in the or 9
regions surrounding' Olovarsburg. The
surveyors bye:Veen nt work for several days, ,
but we linVorlot not-been able to learn the route
Of tltcr-'rorid' nrid''Wheso"lands" it - ' cut'
through. 'At earliest possible day we
will'give full particulars.—Skiitisbuiv
' AN INVALUABLE .
season is approaching 'when gifts are par
ticularly in Season, we would early jniggest
.
that the most sensible,• beeause the most
useful .and. valuable, 'gift to - a lady is it
Wheeler & Wilson Sowing Machine. Those
„Machines o the - best for-family .
Wei.s4 , e qBEATiST Booin---We'would
advisva man to forego a,thresher and.thresh
wheat with a flail rather than to see a• wife
wear hbr healtb, - vigor - andlife - aWay in - the
everlasting Stitch, stitch," 'When a Sowing-
Machine can bo obtained. The Wheeler &
Wilson is aninvaluablo aid in Miery house
hold:: We have had several different kinds
on,-trial; - and tifte .years' service, ; the
Wheeler B.l'Wilion has taken , the - proceci
dance- as 0100st:whore allkindwof sowing'
. .
. _
aro . 0 be done in a family--AMICRIaN
AGRICULTURIST. r
Agency at the Rail Road 0 :lee Carlisle,
Dec. 7. 1806
DICIKENS'gI CHItI6T.MAS
,STORY IN,
EVERY. SATURDAY.—I'MUCIBY JUNCTION,"
Dickens's Christmas. Stdry for - 1860, is pub
lished complete in the 60th number or EVERY •
SATURDAY.- AO Mr. Dickens's contribution
to the stdry this year occupies a ]urger, pot-
thin of the volume than usual,' it-is safe to -
predict that "MUOlly JUNCTION" will prove._
oven More popular than any of its predeces- "
sors. The first four tales in the collection
are f i ronithe pen Of the inimitable
These episodes are written in the anthdr's
happiest vein. - Many of-the characters in
trounced to the reader. will at disco take their
places in literature besides such immortal'
creations as "Mr. Pkeltwielc," "Little Noll,"
"the Marchioness," and ."Oliver Twist."
The sketch entitled, "Barbox Brothers," is
ono of those delicious lessons which . Dicfmns
teaches setsdmirably. No one. can read it
-witbout_strengthening his belief in human
goodness. "liming J'acksonr --44 Pltrebe,"
and “Lninps," with his periodical "round
ers," become our personal friends iinme
diately.- "Little PolfY," the lost child,
whose name is not Trivits, is a conception
as charming as anyt)sing in that marvellous
series of .novels which we are never weary
of perusing. The whimsidal description of
1110 REFRESHMENT ROOM, with ,thoatalo pas-
try, and poor Mr.. Swift, will make • `MILSOISI7
JUNCTION" favorite - -stopping-Place this
,year for many a aelighted reader. This
Story appears in EVERY . SATURDAY seven
- clays previous to its appearance_in-England-
The Publishers evidently intend, by such en
terprise, -to gitid the readers of EVERY SAT
, unDAY snore promptly than - they can obtain
,from any other source the best and most at
tractive of the good things 'in European
Periodicals.
MME!!!MMII
ZfLeciat Notices
WM.-BLAIR & SON, Carlisle,
Pa., Importers of 'China
,and
Queensware, and Wholesale' and
Retail Grocers. '
The largest, varioty of the vory host donfoctiorTry
kept constantly on hand - and sold below Philadolphia
prices. _
Tallow Ca;idles made for our oirn sales and.sold below
regular market rates.
Salt at Philadelphia prices with freight added.
PAPER COLLARS.—AII sizeri and patterna at IV3I.
R. 11A1,1 . 1ERT:S Variety Store, No. 30, North Hanover
Loc. 7, 1866—h0
NOTIOE.-All orders for Coal end Lurither,
can be left at Martin 4, Gardner's, Horn's
and Faller's - Groceries, and at Krarrier's
Jewelry Store; which will be promptly .at•
tended to and at the lowest prices.
DELANCY & SIMon
Those in want of cheap Lumber call at
lie yard of "
Chcapest:Tino Shingles in tho country at
ho yard of.
To Q)vners of Horses and Cattle
TOlas' Derry condition powdet; aro warranted on
perior to any others, or no pay, for the core of Distant
per,•Worms, Dots, Coughs, -11ido.bound t _Nds,
in. Horses; and Colds, Coughs, Loss of Milk; Mack
Tongue, Horn. Distemper, Kb.,Jn Cattlo. Three Powdigr
Were formerly pot np_ by Simpson I. Tobias, son of
Dr. Tobias, and, since lis_denth,_the demand kum_beon
ao..peaLior_thant,thatAlt—Toblas_Jnos_continued....to _
mannfitcture them. They are perfectly info and inno
cent ; - no need of stopping the - working of your animals.
They inereaso the. appotito, giro a lino coat, cleanso the
stounieli IncrOnllo the milk of
cows. Try thorn, and yen will nover be-without them.
Hiram Woodruff, the celebrated trainer of trotting
horses, has used them for years, and receommends them
.to his friends....4o—Pliilo P. lilush, of the Joromo harm
Course, Fordham, N. Y.,'wonld not use them until ho
cello told of what they are composed, since which he Is
novor - wit hoot them. Ito has over 20 I . lllllllllg 1101,./i in
hid . Pllargo,Eunl for the loot three years has used un ,
other medlenni for them. • lle has kindly permitted mo
to ruler any ono to him. Over 1,000 other rbforences
can be soon at the depot. Solid by Druggists nod Pad
dlers. Price 25 couth per box. Depot, 50 Cortlandt
Street, Now Yerlt.
Doe 7, 1.801'7-7wlts
THE HEAD OF A COWFMT,—
neccircling to Milton, Is rendered tenfold more terrible
IDE
4 HORRID HAIR,"
And there are thousands of fiery 'human heads which
might — he nadmt.rt — churtnlng by eaeriFly c tang ng e r
tint to a mellow brown, or a perfectly natural Meek
with
CIIRISTADQRO'S lIAIII DPI:,
It it ridieulmis to carry intd society a gro g, or
or
carrutty head, when five mhmtes .would render It no
attractive as Naturo could have made it In her happiest.
mood. Manufnetured by J. CRISTADORO, 6 Astor
House, Now York. Sold by druggists. Applied by nll
Hair brewers.
• -
Nov. 7 1660.—1 m
CONTAGIOUS DISEASE'S
Water must be adopted to the• nature.. of the fish,
or there will bo no increaso the soil Igust bo adapted
to tho sued, or them will ho. finnan - roturns ; and the
human - body must contpin impurities, or thoro will
bo no skims's. The man'whoiio bowels and blood have
boon cleansed by' a low
• 13RANDRETIPS PILLS
May walk through infected districtii without fear.
" Thu Mb of thn - blood." - To-,.kocure
health weanust lISEIBRANDItETIPS PILLS, bocauso
we cannot lie Jack but from unhealthy accumulations
in the bowels or the blood, which Drandreth's Pills
remove; this method is following nature, and is safe,
and has STOOD xne Tes'l r ot' TIME. SCO B.: Drandrefli
In white lettou in tllO GoyorrimOnt stamp.. - Sold
by all Druggists.
Dec. I, 1566-Im.
SCHENdK'S
_SEAWEED TONIC
This medicino, invented by Dr. J. 11. SWIENCO, of
Philadelphia, Is intended to dissolvo tho food and
- make - It-Info lirtt - processof By
cleansing tho stomach with Schenck's Mandrake Pills,
re appetito, and food that
could not be eaten boforo using It will be namy - ulgest.
ed. N,
• Coninioptlon cannot be ennui by,Selienelt's Petition le
Syrup unless tbo stomach and Ever Is made healthy .
and tin, aplialto -, rinitoroil, hones the Tonle nod Pills
aro required In. nearly-ovary ease of consinuptioii .
half deaon bottles of the SEAWEED TONIO - and.throo
or four boxes of tho IDANDEAKE will curd any
nary two of dyspepsia.
Dr, ScrisNokunikee professional visits In Now York,
_Boston; and at
, his principal 01116 in • Philadelphia
ovary 'week. S ea daily papore of
days
placo, or hie
pamphlet on consumption for his days for-visitation.
-
PlCase r obsorrn, when purchasingithat CM two likp,
muses of (ho Doctor, one when in the last strigo' of
Consumption, and the othor . ..no ho now Is, In perfect
141 th, tiro on the GOVernment stamp. "
bold by aIL Druggists and Dealers, price $1.50 per
bottle, or $7.50 tiro half dozon. All letters for rolvico
should be addro.7sed to Dr. SCHENOIVEI Principal
N 0.15 Nokh oth Stroot, Philadelphibi Pa— . • - '
Gohoral Wholosnlo Agents : DantsDdirnos & Co., N.
Y., B. Narvik, Naltlmoro; John D. Parke, Clnclzi, •
notl, IValkuy & .011Ictigo, 111.
''''' '''''
Oct. 10,1800-Iy. ' • : No.l.
An'Eft'eatual Worm Medicine .
Brow,p's Vormifuga
Ll.O.,c,fir . siyvartdcm6tVdls7l3 , lfh -
children and adults, attributOtrinitter-cantes; to ~
occn•
slotted by:nnrms, 1 Tho ”VEltalltruoTtomen's? , althonub
'eifoctual in destrltihn; worms, can do no posslblo Injury'
tiytith moot dollcatg child. 'This valnahln comblnEitlgn
Las boOn successfully .used by physicians, and found to
bo sato and surn In oiadleating' woring, to hurtful to
.' . .
• Cuu.DrizN 1 11AVINd Wontin require immedieto .
10n,. - ne neglect of, tne.troublo'cdteb.- onuses - prolonged
MEM
' ''BVIIPTOItif OV - IVORM IN CHILDREN are often 'overlook;
od. WOrmiln - tho - stomach and bOwola cause iiritation r :-..
- which can ho removed only by"tho use of a intro rem.
dy. ' Tho conildnatiOn 'of Ingroclionta mod in 1 ,4,10 13 .
Brown's -4
Vcrm(fhga CbotitPe! le ouch as to Or o Pitt b1 ,,, t.•
p oa a u l b u l T o
ni l offo e
D t N it v l o t.l i a a
,;*.r
fO ty, o . p. ,
. r ' . 1 . ' ' t '
o m v
31: 9 1 / , : 1391(1. by ; '
i ' 1' • - ' . '
c
all Dealers In tiOdiednea, tel 25 oba. a ox, ' . • :
tiny gai /800!..4yr . '• .-,.,, :.',,
...:. , ..
Ell
A. 11. BLA.IrOs
A. 11. BLAm's