ERNS OF ADVERTISING.
El
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For each subsrquent tnstirtlon,
For Ale rarolle Advertisements,
Leg i I Notices
Frofes lo.ial Cards without paper,
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Vito intereids alone, 10 colas per
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JOll —Our Joh PrintingThtfice In the
arrest and must cen plate e•tablishment In tho
'Olin y. Four :mod Presses, and a general vurloty of
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tin I, ea tides us to de Job Printing at the shun ten 4
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'5 ert . mit il a :orlunlticm.
U. S.' GOVERNMENT
Prusitlont JoIINSON,
Prest lent Fo, rn.
Secrot.try of State—Wm. 11.SEWklin,
S.—roErry of Interior—.lnn II •1•1..,N,
6oeretary 01 rrea•tury-11 volt Mc ut.t Oen,
Secretary G 1 War —1 OW IN M. ST,NToN,
Secretary n I Nay V--(111 , KoN WELIts,
Po.t. M.i.ter Get.erni—M m DENNISON.
• torn iy aenertil ‘mr, S. se EEO.
Chief .1 enure of the I:ni , e I Staten—SALMON P. lIA`JE
STATE GOVERNMENT.
Oovernor —ANDREI' 0 CI RTIN,
S .i•ro ar y of ,tato—N:i.l SLIFER,
S Irvoyor o,3n•ral 1 , 01E9 .. BARR,
litoP Gonoral—lskAc
A,mrney donoral--!VM. 31. ITEREnrrit.
ljutaut (ienoral-A L. liusvELL,
Scott, Treasurer—llENNY D. MOORE.
011,,f du tie Of Lho Supremo Court—Geo. IV, Woon
VVARD
COUNTY OFFICERS.
Pr•lsidont tz Janws 11. Graham.
A “o,la, Ju..igus—lion. Michael Corkl In, Hen
flutO Stuart,.
trot A tornoy—J. W. D. 011iolen.
PHOlaary - 4it'lltllol 0hir011.4.1
CI .r , ; 49 ..1 It.tr .rtittr—Ephraltn Cornroan,
Rogistor—Ooo W. Not W.
111 li -3horiff—John Jarobs.
County ireasurt,—llenry S. Hitler.
Cor lour—David Su it.h
County Coin inisnioners—lienry. Karns', John M
'oy, MeOlollan,
Suporintendent of Poor Ilon. , e—Tienry Snyder.
Physician to Jail—Dr. tV. W. Dale.
PhyFielan in Poor ilou..o.—Dr. ii. W. Dal,
BOROUG I! OFFICERS
Chia Burges,—John< ampi al.
A•siatant Burgeg , -- 15"ilii11111 CHIIIOI,II,
Town ilounell—kant. Mmrd—.l. NV. D. lilllrie ,An
drew• M. Zeigler, (ho. Metzel, Uhn, U. Heller, Barnet
M 01.4 Mirrd—A K Itheem, John 11830,
M. Itloek, S. D.lhnon clerk. M Mationhamuler
It•irough Trensuret, Da% id n.
Cons , ahle, Enuciniel Swarrt. Ward Constables
East Wald, A ndr•n lan in. qt Ward. jaoc c , wid
111,
Assessor—C 111 !NM Snicker.
Au liter—A K. ;,lcealer.
Tax eneetnr— A ndrew Kerr, Wai] Colleelnr.—En,t
Ward. Jae. lo 1/oody ear West n ard, 11 II Williams,
Str.e.t Conan lFalnn. r, Patrick :%ladden.
lei, of the CHAve— L. Sp.msh.r, Arvid smith
A brat U, huff. ML•hael lioleomb
I.mm p Lightprq— A ley. Meek, 1,11 A IL,,rt
2lIt.:11C111:4
First Preiihyterian CLurrh, Ninthwesi angle of Ceti
hie Square. Ituv King l'astor.—Servire,
every ;in iitlay .11ortii lig at It ,'rlork, A. M., and 7
n'elpra L. M.
SUN.) I l!retchytcrian Church, ~ ,r ner of South Han
over and l'utuctrot cArerts Hoc. Join C Mho, Castor
Scrvico, continent, at 11 o'clock, A. M., atol 7 o'ccock
P. NI.
St. John's Church (Prot Episcopal) northeast augle
of centre, ,quaro. Rev. F .1 Cie,. “eotor. Fervir vs
At I I r'l•Irrl•I< 1,. ll. r ttati I' )1,
Engliqn Lutheran Chun h, Redford, between Main
th.l ',outlier ',Greets. Ito, ,tinCl:'pr,oker, Pastor. .!:,er
r, at II “'einck A. NI., and .0 'clock I'. NI.
,lorinad Ito( Churrh Ldtalter, notn,•ed !Inn
nv, awl Pitt Orents. Itin. I3.tnnel l'hi!lps,
at II A. 11., and o I. H.
SI 4tlt ,littt. I:. l'hotah (first I.ll.trAtt) ta,rnttr of Main
and It str atq !WS l'lnttna, It. Shltrlttolt. lat.lnr.
tt I I 11',•torls A. M. and 7 n' t tjoet, I , M.
\I •.h rlist I. Church ;s,•.•ittld r Itar_tt,) Res'. S. I,
Basin tn. l'Asiltr. yr, ice,ui 1.:tn,,t3 55 h ur d, „,
o'itintts S. 11 , and .4 , 2 5. SI.
Oh lire!, of iIO,I ,o 11; Wert vor. of SN est St
MO 011,021 Alle). Ile, 11. P II eel; , PaNto . Seel,
at I I .t, ill.. 011d1 5 P
st tbittholit• It Ptah Irtat poar East. st.
Rev l'ast.ar 5...1, toes every other rat.
bath at It) n'alovlt. Vespers at II Th
Jeruw 1,11.1100t0 4. .flurell, corner I Poini :tll,l
fir 11 , 01 S..S Itoo C itot., Pasts. Sers icrs al
o'croek I'.
elllnges in the :o)uve are ne,essary t. he
rooor per-- - s are t notify us.
4CKINs()N . ('()LLEGI
Itev li^r ui Nl—loht,nt, I) and Jr.,
ems I'll ,C1U1)(42.
=SI
)1 , Plores,lit Slaurttl
Ito V. 1V Hi. 8., ,v 4.11, A %I , Proro•kor of th.
ki rook 9.1.1 101.111.
11 114,1 IL illllto4ll, A. NI., Prof, ekor 14' 14tIlemat
John IC St tyzn no, A. M., Profossor nl tho Latin and
oorh I,rigunges.
II In Jo not .1 61,11 . .11. I.IJ , Prolossor of Low.
[toy Conry C. Coetom, Prrocip..l of Lilo
iirtitomar
Joho Coto!, .Itooslant in Lilt` tirntnurnr
TETE - M ‘lty INSTITUTE
ConenEwrios : - 'She Itecwr, WardeZlS and Vest comer/
of St. John's Church c arlinie
The Rev. F .1. C 0.,. U D., Hester and Treasurer.
Mrs..l"lin It amend. rrincipal.
. E. Dunkerni.y. 11,111,•1111' in Languages.
Miss L. 1, (1 elad sr. Inntructor in \lathe:mat., and
\ oral \l usie.
Alrg \I. \I. Sge, Teacher of l'inuo
3lis, E. (;rahltill. encilen ofr.“-sing and Painting.
her S Lecturer on Elocunon and I's) chat
-010%
BOARD OF SCHOOL, DIRECTORS
U.Jrntn.iil Pr...lent, James .lantilton, II Saxton
It. C. t\•,,.,,.1 ward, Henry wsham. C. I' Ilutni•rivh
Sooty , J W. Eby, Ira tourer, Jona ,i,hlr. lasnangor
Meat un the tot Monday at each Month at h o'clock A
II , at Edavation Ilall.
CORpoRATIONS
CCRLISLE DEPOIIT II INK.—Pre , ldeut, it. M. !lender
Aoir. Cashier. J I'. Ilaqedvr: 7clims. I. A. malt and 11
A. Cox; Messenger, J no. lltblerwoo ; Directors, It M
Henderson, President, It C. Woodward. John D. Bur
gas. /oho Si uart, Jr., Alen. Busier, Henry Saxton,
Sollbs Woodburn, J. J. Logan, 11 in. B. Mullin.
FIRST N 1011 N IL It kNE.—VrOSIthI Of. Samuel Hepburn
Ca hie, Jos. C Abhor C. Brindle, Mrs
) ger, Jesse Brown Wm. Ker, John Dunlap, llich'd
Woods, John C. Dunlap, .liitaC Brenneman, John 6.
Sterrett, Satn'l Hepburn, Directors.
Cumortud,No &LLEY RAILROAD Come (NO.—President,
Frederick Watta: Secretor and Ti Otli,llror, Edward
11. Biddle: copetintundent, 0. N. Lull. Pannengu
trains three times a day. Carlisle Accoutre° atiou.
Eastward, loaves Carlisle b 55 A. M., arriving at Car
,loin 520 P. M. Tr, rou.cfi trains E•tstward,lo.lo A. M.
and 2.42, P. M. Westward at 0.27, A. M., and '2.65 I'.
CARLISLE OAS AND WAlan 00hIPANY.— President, LPID
uoI Todd ; freasorer, A. L. Spou•ler ; Superintew on,
loorgo Wise: Directors, F. Watts, Wm. M. Ifeetemt
E. M. Biddle. Honey Saxton. R. C. Woodward. J. W.
2atton, F. iierdner and D. 9, Croft.
SOCIETIES
Oumberland Stai Lodge No. 197, A. Y. M. meets at
Marlon Hall on the 2nd and 4th Tuesdays of every
month.
St—John's Lodge No. 260 A. Y. M. Meets 3d Thuro
day of each mouth, at Nlarloo Hull.
Carlisle Lodge No. 91 I. U of O. F. Meets Monday
'veiling. at 'I rout's building.
Lana Lodge No. 03, 1., 0. of G. T. Meets every
Thursday evening in It heem's Hall, 3d story. .
FIRE COMPANIES
The Union Fire Company wan organized in 1789.
'loupe in !Anther between l'lttand Hanover.
Tho Cumberland Fire Comn , ary was Instliuted Feb
it. 1809. Muse Hadford,aotween Main Roo Porn
frat.
.The Gond .Wlll Ilse Company was Instituted In
March, 1855. Ilouso In Pomfrat. mar Hanover
The Kinplre Hook and Ladder Contnany wan Ina to
tnd In 1850. House In Pit t, noon Main.
RATES OF POSTAGE
Postage on all letters of ono half ounce weight or
,ender, 3 canto prepaid.
Postag-i on the UN:RAU:I within thsveounty. free.
Within the State l3'cents per annum. To any part
if the United States, 20 cents Portage on all Iran
de it wipers. 2 cents per ounce. Advertised letters to
o charged with cost of advertising.
MRS• R. A. SMITH'S
Photographs, Ambrotypes, lvorytypes
Beautiful Albums Beautiful Frames I
Albums for Ladles and Gentlemen,
Albums r r NliFses. a..d . for Children
Pocket Albums for Soldiers and Civillane I
Obeicest Albums I Prettiest Albums I Cheapest Albums!
FOR CHRISTMAS GIFTS.I
Fresh and Now from Now York and Philadelphia
Markets.
- 1 - 7 you want satisfactory Pictures and
'polite attention mill at Mrs. It. - A. Smith's Photo
graphic Gallery, South East t armor of Ilauover btreet.
trupMarket Square, opposite the Court House and Post
Mice, Carlisle, Pa.
Mre It. A. Smith well known as Dire. It A. Reynolds,
tad eo well known as a Daguorrean Artist, gives pet
anal attention fn Ladletrand Gentlemen visiting her
lottery, and haVing the best of Artime and polite at
andante can, 'safely promise that lu no other Gallery
un those who favor her with a call get.pletures sup,-
tor to hers, not even in hew York or .Pbiludelphia, or
mud with mot.- kind and prompt attention.
Atabrotypee intoned in Rings, Lockets, breast Pins.
;a. Perfest,coples of Daguorrotypes end Ambrotypee
aade of decommq friends. Where orioles me ,diatiord,
I plcture, ty still be bud. either for Cr/ulnae .r
ir cards. All n. natives preserved one year mad orders
)y mail or otberwlsrpromptly attended ,to.
D ber 29, 1891.--tf
DR.. WM. R. cow . .' .
HOMOEOPATHIC . PEIYSICIAN,
Surgeon and • Accouchottr - . ,
my
at lis. residence • ' .in Pitt
. J r
1 1 11 , 0 1 . 0inIn ! tthellet!iodlet ! Church, ':
$1 00
2& 00
4 00
7 i 0
VOL. 65.
RUE EM & WEAK LEY, 2 Mors & Proprietors
3:14‘31,1 1 .11U112,V3L-5.
TO TILE PEOPLE OF PENNS YL-
VANIA
The Verdict iu 1804
Fellnw Citizons:—ln a short time you
will again Le called upon to exercise the
highest privilege and perforrn , one of the
most sacred duties of Freemen. One
year ago our State was deeply agitated by
a conflict of opinion which was emphati
cally and unmistakably settled at the bal
lot box Then the public mind-was thor
oughly' aroused by the warmth and ability
of the contest On both sides were ar
rayed men who earnestly ; and perhap, in
most eai.Cs sit erely, endeavored to per
suade their fellow citizens that the tri•
uniph of their views was indispensable to
the welfare and prosperity of the State,
the peace and enjoyment of the people,
and the duration and-life of the intion
After a lung, contested and I lioroc i4 h
canvass, the people of Pennsylvania, by
more than twenty thousand, and the },cu
pie of the nation, by more titan four hun
dred thout-ttnd majority, rendered ihnit
verdict. 'Fitt. lines wurn
and the it in t Ludy and fully ni.ltio Up
It is iinpw=,ih:e for any one to be mistak
en as to the character of the trial or the
nature of the veiLiiet.
Thanks to the lit.roistn, courage and
skill of American soldiers, sailors and of
ficers, and to the God of battles, the war
is over, our nation saved, and the goud
old Republic still lives. Peace has again
spread her gentle wings over our ones
happy and stil beloved land. The sound
of trunTets, the noise of eannun and niu.:-
ketry, the head of armies, the vie:to mus
cheer., of our brave soldiers, mid the sick
ening gr6atis of the wounded and dyitT.
are no longer heard in our borders. The
nation, as in fort . oer times, come,. out of
the fiery ordeal tiiiimpliant, and 1,..w re
deemed and vindicated berme tin'
:dam], forth III.•rc bi t m
as a beacon to the down-tri.thlen -
ptessed of ;d1 lauds, as a to to bt
tylants of the eanh, as an a 3lum t the
upioussed ul tLitions, ztloi 1. 1 1 •V.
11Ur Mid ad 'nil ution of the loves IrLe
dull! evel)e.ll,•re.
gro which svo were odr; ,s aLi
12.n.Av NOI till I It
.1 I , a :1'()%1111
02, W:ln I
poVet ty a • ',nag whwh
taku the pt, the N uri
UpUII I.IU ti)ed
bi s:,[llgr nln i our he. Js. 7Le 1,, e
Wt/b to Le
light the ;dint: ul ti.e "St)When) Cut.ll , l
era y" wide dal kneSS :URI
wish ow awl woe
l'hu Imre :,101 thighty artbies of !rea•oi,
have been a erthruwu and beilLUI Ult be
lure the lilrglT and wore pw‘citut ill 11l
er the Republic. Traitors and then
lends cyci) \Acre have ht.eu can veiled
to yield to the'greatness, the comer, lie
etiery, the ru,oui CU:3 el the nation, zooi
the courage, skill and eudui anco her
heroic suns.
SWIM of the leaders of the Rae )11
are ',titled beneath the soil they attempt
ed to deseerate.,:-Aale are fugitive, in r
eign lauds, and others are swarming the
National Capitol and crawliug the
White Ilouse, begging pardon,( from the
man whom of all others in the land they
have most fiercely denounced, aml most
bitterly hate. The chief of the Rebellion
himself, from his prison at Fortress )len
roe, surveys the ruin he has wrought a
mong his own people, and silently and
sulleply awaits the action of the nation he
vainly, attempted to destroy, to make
known to hint, in its own good time, the
doom he so richly merits. f
In the North we have prosperity and
plenty, all the evidences of increasing
power and greatness everywhere pi esenT,
and the nation surely mill certainly ad
vaneing more rapidly than ever befoul in
the path of progress. And, notwithstand
ing all the calamities and sacrifices of four
years of bloody war (wade more destruc
tive by the inhumanity and barbarism of
our enemies), we have just welcomed to
their homes more than aue million of brave
men who have saved the nation and made
their names immortal.
The Issues of the Present Campaign.
After the settlement of the issue's of
1864, so disastrously in the fie'd, aid so
overwhelmingly at the ballot-box, against
our adversaries, it would seem most sin
;:ular that the same questions should be
aga:n presented to the people of the Key
stone State: But they have selected their
ground and we willingly altd gladly ac
cept the challenge. At the Convention
of their organization, :recently held at
Harrisburg, it wee tesolVed, that • , the
men and the party administering the Gov-,
ernment since 1861, have betrayed their
trust, Violated their sacred ,bligations,
diy
re•garded the commands of the fundamen
tal law, coiipptly squandered the public
mtiney,'pervtrfed* , the whole Governinent
from its original purposes, and thereby
have brought untold calamities upon the
country." The measurbs of the Admin
istration of Abraham Lincoln, so recent
ty indorsed by so large a majority of his
countrYmen.are•here foolishly•and,
delydenounced by the members of .this
Convention, and the people of
,Pennsylva
nia are, grtiveV-asked-to,sanotion the ad,
• • ,
'reveres their' own judgnieni and repudiate
,:
.7 - „,,,.. 1 , „.... c,, „./...
..,
.:D., ,it
' , ,
I) ti.;-:.. (E l k \
..7 11
~ .. `, : .
~
the verdict of the nation solemnly render
ed at the ballot box
The "Sic Semper Tyrannis" of the
everimbe-execrated Booth, uttered as In
rushed from the scene of the great crime
of the age, conveys no greater insult te
the memory of Abraham Lincoln, no,
runs more directly counter to the feeling
and sentiments of his countrymen than
does this utterance of the late so-called
Democratic Convention. Let the, whole
army of Ireembn which marched to vie
tory in 1864, under the banner of Abra
ham Lincoln, be again called into th
field, and march to the polls in October,
186'5, to resent the insult to his memory.
Let theie be m. absentee.„ no deserters,
uu wragglers, but let all the old t.o.diers,
otiieersand wen, with a host of new re
cruits, be on hand ready for the
.tight.
But our adversaries were not content
to stop with this•resolution. They say 111
substance and effect that "war existed as
a fact upon the advent of the successful
party in - 1.0 to the seat of power;" that
—slauglitt r, debt, and disgrace are the re
sults of our late civil war," and that "nu
inure persomi shall be murdered by will
Lary eummissions.'' We had thought that
it had been pretty well settled by the A
merican people that the war was caused,
commenced and forced upon us by the
actions and conduct of traitors, and that,
the election of a President according to
the provisions of the Constitution and
laws of the country was no cause of win
whatever. We thought, too, that sue-
cess, the glory, greatness and renown of
our common country, the death of tree
sun, slavery, State sovereignty, and the
right of Secession, and not simply "debt,
disgrace and slaughter:* were the results
of the war.
As the action of the Military Commis
sion had cost only the lives of a few 91
the assass,ils of President Lincoln, and as
only a low of the vilest of the Rebels were
in damer Ire; similar (rids, it is nest to
impossible to divine a aotive fur the hos.
ttlity f the late Conventmu toward mill
Loy commissions. It would bLN.tinehari
mble to - Intimate that it eriginaled in s) ni
pat by with such criminals 110 \Veizc ur
Jefferson Davis.
la contra:4, nit!) this remarkable Cat
nn el out political oppetictitsi Wi 11l l
hat or (MI 015'11 l'elire;q2llllltlVe . : 4 , which,
, t 1 1111`g" 011 , 01' 1111112 S. iir
1 he Union Puri)! ui Pennsylenti in, i!
Mute Convention ussenibleil, !keno e
I. That as representatives of the loy
al people of the Commonwealth, we r,ver
oily de.•ire to oth,r our gratitude to Al
!nighty Uud, whme favor has vouch s afed
victory to the national arms, enabled us
to eradicate the crime of slavery from our
I and to render treason against the
Republic iinpossi; Ic forevermore, and next
to him, our thanks are due, and arm here
hy tendered, to our bravo soldiers and
it rs v,llO, hy their endulance, sacrifices
mid illustrious heroism, have sr cured to
their country peac,, and to the downtrod
dell evet)where an asylum of liberty ;
%%Ito have' shown that the war fur the res
!oration of tl , Union is not a failure, and
whos.?, valor has proven for all time the
fact that this Gover . nment of the p o? le,
by the people, fur the people, is as invin
cible in its strength as it is beneficent in
its operations."
I=IIM
The doctrines and principles of the pat.
ty in P 364 have been reasserted by the
Convention of 1805. It is confidently
believed that they will not be desered
nor abandoned by the people at the polls
in October next.
Condition of States Lately in Rebel
lion.
There exists between 'the two partici!,
and indeed among persons of the same
political faith, some difference of opinion
in regard to the true condition and stand
ing of States lately in Rebellion against
the Government. It is not proposed to
tfi's — cuss the point of difference, which
mostly involves an answer to the ques
tion, "Are • the States now, and have they
been during the war, within the Union
or not." if by,"the States" is meant the
soil or territory embraced within their
boundaries, or the space occupied by them
upon the map, then we rejoice to believe
ihat not ono itiel has ever yet been or
ever can be taken out of the Union. But
it would seem equally clear that the Go.
vernruents of those States have been
wholly and utterly subverted, and for four
years and more have been violently . hos
tile and an tagonistic to the Union.
We find that on the 20th day of No
vember, 1860, the Attorney-General of
the United States (Judge Black) in an
official opinion used 'the following lan
guage :—"lf it be true that war cannot
be declared, nor a system or general hozi
tility eatried•on by the Central Govern.
went against .a,State, then it seems•to fol
low that an attempt to dose would be ipso
facto an expulsion of such State from the
'Union; being treated as an alien and up
enemy, she would be compelled to act ac
cordingly. And if Congress shall break
u p ?h e present Union by , .nnoonst it ution •
ally putting strife and enmity and armed
horitility betweetrdifferent sections of the
()wintry, instead of the,"domestie trans
quillity which the Constitution wag meant
•to insure, will not'all the States benbsolv
ed front their 'Federal obligations? Is
any portion , of, the_;p.apple bound to• eon
trihute- their, money .or their can
ry . .oa a contest like that 7; • . •'
Carlisle, Pa., Friday, September 29, 1865
_ 'lf in accordance with this view "those
lotrs wrreexpellerl !MM. the (M . 011 ,"
and if thi; / were obSolverl from. their Fed
eral oldr;oot low ," it would seem to be
pretty clear that they were out of the
Union. •
On the other side of the same question
we have the same authority. At the Con
vention of August 21th, 1865, Judge
Black, Chairman of the Committee on
Resolutions, reported, among other things,
he following :—'•That the States could
not absolve the people from the 'r Federal
obliyutions ; (h u rt the State ordinances of
Secession were nullities, and, therefore,
when the attempted revolution came to
an end by the submission of the insur
gents, the States were as much a part of
the Union as they had been before." It
would seem from these views that when
it suited the conVenienee, the fancy or
[crimps the wishes of sonic persons to
have the insurrectionary States out of the
Union, then they were out; and whdn it
was desirable to have them back again,
then they were in and had never been out !
We are sometimes told that the ordt-
lances of Secession were null and void
It is conceded that they were illegal and
unconstitutional. So it is to commit mur
der. But-you cannot restore the life of
he victim by declaring the illegal act
null and void. It is unlawful to steal,
yet if your horse be stolen you cannot
bring him back by declaring ever so ear
nestly that the act is null and void.
Compde that the act cf Secession was
not only illegal and unconstitutional, but
also null and void. Then of coarse, all
that followed in pursuance thereof must
be null and void. If the foundation is
removed the superstructure must fall. It
is matter of history, however, to every
one that in those States all the judge•;,
Le: , islatures and officers chosen, and all
the laws pas,ed since the cumnieneetnent
of the Rebellion were chosen and passed
.11 pursuance of the ordin.mces of iSeeess
'on. Of course those actions arc all null
ind void. Hence we find .here State:,
vithout (inventors, without 1 : o•,, with
'tit Legislatures, and witii their entire
uv( inu u t :,ul.verted and werthrown
Being, however, a part of the soil and
erritoly of the nation, it is for the It a
on to prnvide R government For ilium
•itil Ihel 1u IJe ficid Item the olliuu
faith to the ibsue of the e tortst throu ; . : ll
which they 11;ive just passed, shall pre
pare and adopt for themselves a truly re
publieatt form of governm nt, reetTniz•
mg all the gre: t truths vindiemed and
established by the blood and treasure of
the na..ion.
lint it matters but little s to theopin
ions we may enterta:n in regard to the
abstract rinestion, whether these State ,
Are in or out of tie Union, because it
(oust be conceded on all hands, that they
have been recognized as belligerents. Our
political adversaries were tie first to insist
that these rights should be conceded to
them. Foreign nations seconded the do
mand, and our Government yielded to it
and treated them as such. Lest 'some
one, flow that the' war is over should in•
silt that they were not in the position of
belligerents, let us examine what the
highest legal tribunal of the country has
declared upon the subject.
The Supreme Court of the United
States, in the prize cases recently decid
ed says :—" Hence in organizing this
Rebeilon they have ruled (is ..9otes claim
ing to be sovereign over all persons and
property within their respective limits,
arid asserting a right to absolve their
citizens front their allegiance to the Fed
eral Govettiment."
"It is no loss; unorganized insurrec•
tion, having no defined boundary or pea
session. It has a boundary marked by
lines of i bayonets, and which can be cross
ed onliby force. South of this line is
enemy's territory, because it is claimed
and held in possession by an organized
hostile and' belligerent power."
}lad there been any doubt before, this
would clearly set the matter• to rest.
Having enjoyed the rights of belligerents,
shall they avoid the responsibilities and
duties, and refuse to submit to the treat•
ment of belligerents ? What are some
of these liabilities ?•
" The conventions and treaties made
with a nation are brole.n or annulled by
a war rising. between the - con - tending par
ties."—Vattel. Book 3, ohap, 10, sec. 125
In discussing the same point, and af
ter alluding to a former custom which
required a formal deAaration of war,
Phillimore, p. 662, says :—" lo \ ihe place
of it has arisen the general maxim that
war, ipso "facto ; abrogates treaties be-.
tween the belligerents."
On the same subject Chancellor Kent
says As a general rule the obli i ..ations ,
of treaties are dissipated by - hostility."
I Kent, 175.
On this subject Prof.. Leiber sayS, on
p. 8 All municipal law of the ground
on 'Which the armies 6tand, or of the
countries to•which they belong, is silent
and of no effect bet Ween armies iu the
S'ergean't 'Wildman (page 3) says:—
" The .primary elfeCt of wv'r is to - extingu: ,
ish all civil: intercourse, and to place all c
subjects of liclAgerents in the, condition
of :enemies. This principle, extends not.
only to tho natural-born; oubjeoto ) : but to
aft persons do • iciled in the enemies ter
ritorit s;.to all who come, to reside there
with the knowledee of• the war and who
having come to reside before the war,
continued their residence after the Coln
inencement of the hostilities for a loner
time than is necessary for their conveni
ent departure."
For fear some one might contend that
these principles do not apply in cases of
civil war, we add an additional authori-
UM
Tn considering the question, Vatic], in
his Law of Nations, on pages 421 and
425, uses this language :
" When in urepublic the nation is di yid.
ed into two oppoaite factions, and both
sides take up arias, this iv called a civil
war." The Sovereign indeed, never fails
to bestow the appellation of Rrheis on
all such .of his subjects as openly resist
him; but when the Ist ttr have acquired a.
sufficient strength to . give him effectu4l,
opposition and oblige mto carry on tbe ll .
war against them according to the estab
lished rules, he must nece early submit
to the use of the term civil war. On
earth they have no corn ninn superior, thy/
slmo , lsi:,ll / in /h , s , nnr pr•
11, fee, rllO ' , nye I , "u1„1.
1"11W II) fi , ,In , 1!/0, MI id
I r)I,S
It is, therefbre, perfectly manifest
that these late Rebels are now in the eon
di 600 of, comitered, subdued beliger
cuts. How
„ t moo we lawfully treat, them?
When the war han been unjuss. Vat tel
says:—
" This whole right of a conqueror is
•derived from justifiable 9elf-defense..
which compichends the support and
prosecution of his rights. When thele
finre, he has subdued a IMstile nation,
he undeniably way, in the first place do
himself justice respecting the object
which has given rise to the war. and
indemnify himself for the expenses and
damages he has sustained by it."
" We have a right to ,_epl IVi our enemy
of his po;i,es,ioo or ev,rythiirg %ditch
may augment, Lis strength and enable
him no make war." 31;1 )
" 14:v. nything 111 cl-elute which helovg4
to the nation, to the State, no the sorer
sign, to the subject=; everything of that
kind I say, halls under tire din , •tiptinn of
things helorn.in to the er,eto) " (l'or!e
rfar.
conqueror inny with justice 1: , )
burdens on the it nt l terc,l huili
Ns a c,ffipt•tisaiimi th,• expen,-;
the WOr and as a punishment." (l'iu..c
On Ihis subject one of our own authors
Ch.,ncellor Kcnt, says :
But however strong the curront of
authority in favor of the modern and
wilder construction of the title of nn
tional law on this subject, the point seem
to be no longer open for diseu-siiii iii
this country ; and it has become defi'lite
ly settled in favor of the ancient and
sterner t ule by the Supreme Court of
the nitett • tate , ." Kent's Cow., page
59. Also see thorn vs.. United States,
8 ('mooch, 110. See also [hid, 228,2.2.).
Keut, in the same connection, in re
forrino• to the ease of the cargo of the
ship Emsfout 1 ()unison, 563, in 4he Cir
cuit Court of the United States, at Bus
ton, says, " 11 hen the case was brought
up, on appeal, before the Supreme Court
of the United States. the broad pried
ple was assumed that war gave to the
sovereign full right to take the person ,
and confiscate the pm:Telly of the enemy
wherever found ; and that the mitigations
of this rigid rule, which the wise and
humane policy of modern times had in .
troduced into practice, might, more or
less, effect the exercise of the fight ; but
could not impair the right itself'."
Treatment of Rebels
We have thus seen how we moil legal
ly treat those lately in Rebellion against
us. How should we treat them ? All will
admit that we should desire to act towards
them in such a way as best to promote
the welfare of the people, and add most
to the greatness and glory of our common
country. It will depend much upon our
action whether the war just closed, the
most gigantic in the world's history, shall
produce substantial results, or whether
tne blood and treasure of the nation have
been shed and expended in vain. We
.must be mercifuLbut merejr_mitst...be.
tempared with justice. Indiscriminate
mercy to the enemy would be danger and
injustice . to the nation. We must neith
er seek nor ask for 'vengeance. When
ever our late adversaries come in a true
spirit of sorrow and repentance, sheathe
the'sword and agree to obey the kw, in
the future wo will extend to them the
right hand of fellowship, and forgive then,
fur the past
After they shall have given us satis
factory security for the future, by a rea•
sortable probation, we will then, but it , t
till.theiii:ivtore them to• the enjoyment
of all the rineatiumble rights and high
privileges whiclyhey, so recently; so de
fiantly, and so ceaselessly trampled' unr ,
der their feet. rqi• defiant and ittiyield
ing—gebelsifor thtise wl, o keep the Saitiri
still drawn, reeking.with the blood of our
brothers, ter those who 'refuse to accept
and submit,: in .good faith, , ,to the results
of the wart all. who -glory. in the part .
they• took in the Rehellidni;and who sty
ingot that they were right and the nation
t t
I
wronv. we must have confiscation, loss
of eitiz mship, and., in the end, banit,h
ment or the halter. Under the law o
nations, and by the laws of wir, we have
a clear right to enforce tl e re::t objects
or all wars—indemnity fur the past and
security for the future. This i-iyht ex
tends to the confi.cation of the enewy't.
property after the war is over.
- Even as a question of.policy and cx
pediency, or upon the ground of human
ity, it is by no means certain that some
such measure is not required for the se
eerily of the future The war is not
ended until the conquered party has fairly
accepted all its results. As we have
e'en, we hold the late Rebel . tates by
the power of war as, conquered belliger.
ants. It is not only the right, but the
solemn duty of the Government to hold
these belligcrants in military grasp,
until all shall be demanded and oh
tained which may be necessary to secure
the nation in the future, and render anoth
er rebellion or another war impassible.—
In accomplishing these ends, who could
reasonably complain if' it should be found
necessary to confiscate the . property of
the rich, influential and active traitors.
If the aristocratic element'of the South
will not be taught to they the law, let ifs
power and influence be taken from it by
taking away its wealth. What loyal wan
could object, that by means of this fund,
a few of the comforts. if not the luxuries
of life, should be added to the tablts of
those widows throughout the land whose
firesides: have been made desolate by the
war, or rather by the treason which taus
ed it. Who could object, that the boun
ties and pensions flour soldiers, by whom
the victory was won, the nation saved,
should be increased, and a trifle added to
the pecuniary eiciipensation so justly kill(
them for the Siteriti _ies wade. Who could
object, that by ine.IIS of these funds; io
justly forlytted, a Luig , portion of our nit
. weal debt should be paid, and thereby
the taxes of all classes id our people di
ininished, arid a part of the heavy kail
imposed upon the shouldet- ofon . r peive
by treason, thus n witted by :tea- in I,
,eit. The liab well of the t 4 iiiiith, the
aristocracy of the air
entirely responsible for the lteher
cent s hay h, i ,r tic n liv
11,.' lu
i
11r11 t t 111:2 S 12:s . lint
(011 the ,lave. Our e.,-c.lllel De 11 )
cr;uiu ad ersames tell u, that the w.tr w.ts
ti e negro, on.' for the abollitun
mia‘ery. 11 lit, be irue, would tt nut
, coot 10 he a jii,t tleeree ul
uu overtuhn; that the fruits
or the tiegru' labor and lull should be
wrested trout the hands of lit nue,ter to
pur:ltto,e au I secure los owu ftecdutu?
It is absolutely undispensible to the
lu
ture peace of the country, that the world
,hall be made to understand Hut, treason
n. a great enure, and must be punished.
Yet nu the Hettlernent or these ,im.'sriuns,
the Rebels shall receive at our hands all
that ju lice and safety will permit us to
grant. Our treatment of them shall be
greatly influenced by their future conduct
and aet,ious towards the nation. And in
shaping the e, it would be Kell for them
to remember that the war was of them,
own seeking, and of their own making,
and that no one is so completely bound
by a verdict as the loan who sought the
itdvantagcs of a trial.
Extraordinait•y ell Mis are being made by
our opponents to obtain the votes'of o.:r fel
low-citizens recently returned from the ser
vice of the country in tho army of the nation.
In these efforts they should, and it is conti
dentaly believed that they will fail :-
1. Because a vigorbus prosecution of the
war for 'the suppression of the Rebellion has
ever been urged by the Inion party of the
country.
2. Because the we r hue never been sus
tained or advocated by the leaders of the
party opposed to the Administration.
3. Because the friends of the Union - eauso
have always sustained and supported the sol
diers in tlfe field, and the leaders of pretended
Democracy have ridiculed and derided the
soldiers of the Union, calling them " Lin
coln's hirelings," robbers," „ plunderers,"
and other epithets unlit for repetition.
4. _Because when volunteers were called
for they demanded a draft.
L. Because when the draft came, they op
posed the commutation clause, and declared
it was a discrimination against the poor man.
6/ Because when that clause was repealed,
they complained that the only hope of the
poor man was gone.
7. Because they denounced the war tis a
negro war, and did nothing to aid or assist
in carrying it on.
8. Bexcuse they-became highly indignant
when negro troops were culled, for, and threw
the benefits of all their sympathies with
_the
South.
9. Because they opposed every measnre
the Government found it necessary to adopt
lor the suppression of the Rebellion.
10. Because they magnified every Rebel
success, and deprecated every Union victory.
11. Because; in 1864, they declared the
war a failure.
' 12. L'emuse, in 1865, they declare that the
fruits of the war are "debt, disgrace, and
slaughter."
` 7,3. Because they tried topreVent the ex 7
3eusiOrtLef the light of suffrage to soldiers in
- ger ) vice.',Their leader's opposed it in almost
every form. 'Senator Wallace, now Chair
man of their State bntral Committee, said,
(see Record cif 1861, pages 335, 836) "I vote
aPinst.this bill upon principle as well as fur
farm: It is said that so meritorious a class as
'volunteer soldiers shonlil not be disfranehis , .
ed. TO:this ''arisWe'r, that neither. the Con
stitution of 1:400, nor 'that Of lB3B , conferred
TERMS:--$2,00 in Advance, or $2,50 within the year
The Soldiers
F 1
t'lis privilege, and the act of the soldier it)
taking upon himself duties that are from
their nature incompatible with the right o
suffrage, deprives him of this privilege. 11,
disfraarhises himself when he ceases to he a
citizen, and takes upon himself the duties (!t
a soldier." When the amendment of the
C. ri titration was submitted to a vote of the
ro i l), many of the so-called Democratic
counties 'gave majorities against it, while
every county in the State (and it is believed
every clectionprecinet,) which gave to Ab
raham Lincoln a majority of its votes, gave
'a majority in farm-1)f the amendment.
14. Their leaders almost invariably oppos
e'd giving bounties to volunteers, while the
friends of the Union party always sustained
and supported these measures.
15. Even since the war iS over, they em
ploye(' their ablest la \\yers in an effort to
d , Aare the bounty laws unconstitutional, and
they - really per,tta.ded their two friend:, 011
he bench of the Supreme Court, so to I),dd.
111. IVilen Inert were greatly needed to till
up the ranks, ton) the Government, ordered
a draft, they reii,ted, and all of their repro
Sefitetili upon the hooch of the Sepreele
(...lell'illeehered the leW authorizing the Na.
tional Government to tithe Mee out th tJuafc, by ,
draft. wit, unt•onNtitutional and
voal. Alen wine only obtained ittltl the na
tion ,aced Ilteir party Nva, defeated
at the poll, in ISII.I. and the Ina of three of
the., .Italge. rebuked by the p.ople ,L and one
of Iho r glare, tilled by it loyal Mall lied
17. 13oe:tii,e they hirer tri , d injure, the
THit, and di-para* , earnoney Ow
~n try, hy atool, "1 ,which the pay, Ift.un
ie:, and laal,d,,H,d' ran alum , ta ,
,aid lii al., pre , ,,al
la• Sai,,aa Stat,,
tiVII.
13....itie.e.t6.. Hatt . ..rut ufthe I Him party
poi ...glitz., the, tee: the -..ldier —de
clare, that the \vat. c. , lntitene et l by 1{..21).Y.,
—that IN a, 1,.• ro,ult nC,thccenrage
the I - Itimt army—that, the
\\ 110 f. , 11011 tca, bulgy /1101 Sa
t hat
t t h.. e...thtry, " •-gnu..., and
laugh ter, - ar. the let2,itiittat.. Intuit- or h.,
it , etiti , o• \\to% [llion moo' P.‘rtro ,, td
Ili.• h l tli;tt ow' troop, nii ht -oon tttl!.•
to cottlo,T Ho. South, (•\ r by t i et‘i t-ti•-
tin owl paint i.f Gn il, [hip,
that \\*,
W.\ 0•1.un~lc•l11,\
Illipt• t.. t•ili ill thcStilitll I
N,
20. 1{..4..it}=.-• \\Awn- iivhei, woretarviinz.
\ ~ .Idit.r. by tho I untli•Nl t,t Li hi v.
13.• r.• I .I.tri.l. )o,fl 01,•tvhen.,
t .• -,111 • 4,r ihiti2;;llvd th,
!1...,‘01.
th,l ••,. t.,
thy
ti v ..f
The Charge of Negro Equality.
p.a... our p..liti.
t.. 11;0 invustitiant
and tha ta•gr. , . Nutty that ,Invery prett
goraq ally Ildnatt.•il to in &at!, IL aaN th,aight
that th..t alight ...Haw the 01.1 r.•-t.
Butt n..t st,. They re aril to the
%%id. as woe!' ni.i.nrent ze,-1.. and , %varinth
.•\.a•._ With II run of the l'A(
that n.•yru nutlrag..• anti nogro equality ar.•
n.. 1, null cant 1.1 lit 15. 1,,111• ill LIP'
th•tillwr ('‘,lll, st, they are Making extraordi
nary ctll , rt, to nail th.•ir 6•1
1.7 int., a cuntrary
They think that our Lostility and proju
dices against the negro are so gre .1, :HUI that
they have often appealed to these with some
show of smice-s, that it b- only necfssiiry to
repeat the etlort in order to accomplish their
dei.igns. They tell you that etrorts are being
made to elevate the negro, and to Place the
two races on an equality. They seem: to he
very much afraid .that soine poor degraded
negro 'may outstrip them in tbo race of life.
They tell us that these negroe, are weak, ig
norant, and inferior to tho whites. If so, it
would -'vela that they needed our help and
assistance to educate and instead them. The
only danger of equality we can see, is that
souse t‘ hite men, by continuing longer in
such a course of argument, in utter disre
gard of truth, experience and history, for
the base-purpose of rea chin the prejudices
of the thoughtless, may at Mgt succeed in
bringing themselves down to or beneath the
level of the negro. The time was when they
confidently declared that the destruction of
slavery would send swarms of uegroes into
our midst to drive away white laborers.
Experience has shown that the few we had
here ran away from slavery in the So.ltb,
and that had there been no slavery there
these negroes in the North would have long
since moved South. They told us, too, that
in case of a war, the slaves would all tight
for their masters. Neither Scuthern mas
ters nor their Northern allies have any faith
in this doctrine now. But these politicians
cannot live without the negro. He compri
ses nearly their entire stock in tra le. One
year it is one phase of the negro question;
another year it is something else. The great
work of Bishop Hopkins was once one of
their standard works. .111S...rather.ilult sale
this year. The conduct of those politicians
towards the poor de...'raded negro would be
past all comprehension had we not a men.-
ore, is example °Mlle, sum kind In the eat.
ly history of the humati'flice.
All the troublesome and deadly plagues
of Egypt, including the death ()fall the first
horn of the hied, we re not sufficient to reach
the heart of Pharoab, nor to persuade the
Egyptions of the errors mid sins or slavery.,
So that even after the slaves had left the
ccuntry, led by a pillar of cloud by day, and
pillar of fire by night, the ruler and bib
host'of subjects followed them even,into the
midst of the Red Sea. Our nation has suf
fered more than all the plagues of Egypt?
As the law of primogeniture has been eh - 01=f
ished among us, the deaths were not all of
our first-born, but nearly one of every house
hold ; yet 7thilie 'deluded hosts, led "on by
:hard-hearted and Wicked' Pharaohs, as lead
'Ors„ are still pursuing even into the midst of .
the Red pen: Will nOt.the "waters standing
at 'walls of safety to the slaves, retain 100 U
uiiH cover Pharaoh and -his hoSts;'and . all
that 'eprialyi lite' the sea after them, until there
Shall remain not so mueli : ai one of them 7".
,pqrCaliclidp,pas
. ,
_Por_Atulitor.,Goileralove-htwo-presented
the name of Major-General JOHN F. HART
RANFT, of Montgomery, and for Surveyor-
General, that of Colonel JACOB M. CAMP
BELL, of Cambria. As biographies of these
two gentleman helve recently beep nublished
and circulated among their fellow-citizens,
it is only remarked here, that they - are both
brave and gallant soldiers, and especially
qualified for a satisfactory discharge of the
d sties of the respective offices for which their
fellow-citizens have norninatod them.
Importance of the Issue.
NO. 39
It is not to be disguised that there is a
large number of persons both at the North
and at the South, who have not finally aban
doned the hope of the ultimate triumph of
the principles of the late Rebellion. They
hope to secure by the success of their views
at the ballot-box, th.o which they fi-Led to
accomplish by armed force. It may depend
upon the decision of Pennsylvania on the
10th of October, whether the war Shall prove
at last, a Imbue—whether its fruits aro to
be only •• debt, disgrace and slaughter, - or
whether it is to have substantial results in
the death and burial of slavery, State sov
ereignty and the right of secession.
It is a well-established fact that the con
test was lohg protracted by reason of the
hope and belief entertained by the South that
(hey would receive aid and sympathy from
the North. It is no* all important to the
South that they should be assured that this
hope is' fallacious, and that the North will
adhere unfalteringly to the doctrines, prin
ciples and views which carried them tri
umphantly through the AMU' yours of bloody
war. It 1 , hest to let them know at once
and forever, that there is 110 hope for the fi
nal triumph (Ir the deetrineF, and measures
Gar whieh they contended in the field.
We have seen that the men among us who
were first to urge upon the Government to
nob! Hie Rebel; in light of belligerents, are
nuw the first to strive to relies e them from
the con , equences anal penalties of their bel-
'I'I o,e who were constant in
the.r predi,tioni that the •• war would never
ond: and th..l the S uttlt could never lie
conquered,' are now most ready to insist that
the war is over, and that its objects and re
sults shall not be secured, but that Rebels
shall lie iii tartly restored to all their form
er rights under the Constitution and laws
of the courtly. These same men who are
now apputtling to the soldiers for their• votes,
denoticed murderers•' all those
engaged in trying and punishing, by mili-
Plry COMIId , SIOII. the :WHIM'S of the hole-
,laughter of their companions in arms.
thi, and mone they do with a full
I:unv lid "I' the I.; w of nations and the
IN:II h declare that these men
it'teo forfoited iii their right.; under the
'om , tititti,m, and that they now lie pros-
rate nt the rep t Victor. n: conquered,
.t,rihrown ; with
nch rig!..t , and no inure as it kind and
111'1 CI r . lll Government n:ly choose to vouch
to them. Let 111, people rally to the
nn.l hy their robs, the greet
c.to,e so noble and hiavely delentled end
so,•eini the.,:oldiers in he field. The
iitiire will then declare chat the •• grerit.
A':tr of Ir,v , 1,111" vtaq hot it lure
1,1 , 11 t the will leiirn
1,111 Wllll 11-1' glom 01: patriot
gm I,lll' tl:t whirh
:1)111 i11 . N11 , 111 of the officers
shll,?:z of this groat. struggle, ant
li.. t•0:1 4 0 to their Tll 111Ofte.
pc. H ,t, 1,1,..‘1,',',1'W..1",',.1.'.1,1',1,0,41V1‘,f,A
1.,r. thy t,ilian 4,1 the nati.)l}'s life
ill tml . ‘ Le equal,l hp the future great-
pr,.,pen!y :tern:: or the nation
un 11,1, 1 . 0 , 114 , r:110,i l'et•I:11111Vd by the
it , rt iII rl/1101 %ditch we have just
p 13- ed.
13y onler or I h Committee,
JOHN Chairman
PriISnNAL NEAT'S!. Sti —A lady cor
respondent of a cotemporary writes:
Some say that it is quite out of the
:piestion for tanners' wives and daugh
ters, who have so many duties to perform,
to always look tidy. some do say so, and
I have often heard them ; but such dec
larations do not, in my opinion, mitigate
again-t the general principle A wife
or daughter can be personally' neat, no
matter what duty she may he employed
at. Those who allow themselves to ap
pear neg igently dressed, On the plea
t hat they have something to do—cooking,
washing. scrubbing, whitewashing, etc.
—are pretty sure to be habitually untidy.
A torn, faded, soiled, bad-fitting gown,
with a sun-bonnet in , keeping, worn in
the house or out of it, slipshod shoes, etc.,
na appearance of a white collar, her hair
squashed upon the head, and plenty
straying about the neck. do not give the
husband. if be possesses any idea of
cleanliness himself, a very elevated idea
of his wife's attractions; nor will the
daughters, who may be equally delin
quent. impress the young men in the
neighborhood very thvurably lam a
wife and a housekeeper, and have been
a daily worker for twenty five years in
my household, but I have never seen the
day when I could not take time to attend
to my personal appearance.. System, and
a desire to be always cleanly, will not only
afford the necessrry time, but will make
the labor one of the highe:t pleasure.—
My- husband never has had and never
=hall have occasion to twit me or the girls
in relation to a matter which every wo
man's pride or respect ought to pro
vide against. Will not, then my sister
housekeepe s give this question of do
mestic propriety or respectability their
serious' consideraticn? They should re
member that it not only concerns them
selves, but especially their daughters,
and in no small degree; their sons also?
RIOCIT AND WRONG.—It is right to
leave no stone unturned to help your
Iricads,-but-w-rong . to-Tell-up the-pave
went to pelt your opponents. It is right .
to take pains, but wrong to break win
dows. It is right (if you like them) to
be for sweeping measures, but wrong to
throw soot at those who condemn them.
At all events, if you must blacken a man's
shirt front, don't blacken his character,
eveoially behind his back. Volleys. of
applause are right,"volleys of stones wrong.
It is right to lay down the Aaw, bilt l
wrong to floor the police. It is right to
bring forward" a r_gulat -. Stick," but ae-
Odedly wrong to .bring out a regular
bludgeon. ,
, If you wish. to be• happy, keep busy.
Idleneis is harder work than ploughing,
a..great deal, There is more in sweat
• , •
than there
ing an hour than there is in jriwiling a.
Coot APOLOGY.LA Paris thief was
lately. detected in the - not of breaking open
a maid servant's, box. When found guilty . '
he apologised for.being discovered in such -a
petty roatiery, 'assuring the Judge and Abe'
publiel
hat ho .only entered into to keep..
bib hand:in practice for a greet' coup. which
-he-was rae!litating.
II