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THE CAVALRY CHARGE
1117 FRANCIS A. DCRIVAGE
With bray of the trumpet
And roll of the drum,
And keen ring of bugle,
The cavalry come.
Sharp clank the steel scabbards,
The bridle-chains ring,
And foam from red nostrils
The wild chargers fling.
Tramp ! tramp ! o'er the - greensward
That quivers below,
Scarce held by the curb bit
The fierce horses go
And the grim-vis . aged Colonel
With ear-rending shout
Peals forth to the squadrons
The order—" Trot out !"
One hand on the sabre
And one on the rein,
Thb troopers move forward
In•line on the plain.
As rings the word " gallop!"
• The steel scabbards clank,
And each rowel is pressed
To a horse's hot flOok;
And swift is their rush
As the wild torrents flow
When it pours from the crag
On the valley below.
“Charge!” thunders the leader,
Like,shalt front the how •
Each mad horse is hurled
On the wavering foe.
A thousand bright sabres
Are•gleawing in air,
A thousand dark horses
Are dashed on the rquare.
Ilesistl.s and re,kleg
)f aught. may 1,0 ide
Like demons. riot mortals
The wild troopers rile.
Cut right ! and cut left !
For the parry who needs?
The bayonets shiver
Like wind-shattered reeds
Vain—vain the red volley
That bursts from the square—
The random-shot bullets
Are wasted in air.
'Triumphant, remorseless;
Unerring as death—
No sabre that's stainless
Returns to its
The wounds that ere dealt
By that murderous steel
Will never yield case
For the surgeon to heal.
Hurrah! they are broken—
Hurrah ! boys, they tly—
None linger save those
Who but linger to die.
Rein up your horses
And calt in your men—
The trumpets sound " Rally
To ()aloe' agaip.
Some saddles aro empty,
Some comrades are slain,
And same noble horses
Lie stark on the plain,
But war's a chance game, boys,
And weeping is vain.
THE WHISKY INSURRECTION
TA - nullity, and the Present rabollioU; Ore the following
sketch n peculiar Interest.
In the fertile region of the Mononga
hela River, in Western Pennsylvania,
dived a hardy race of pioneers when the
Old War for independence began. They
- were - thostly - descon - ded - from - the people of
North Britian and Ireland, and had built
their log-cabins there soon after the close
of the French and Indian war, in 1763.
They were courageous, industrious, self
sacrificing, and religious. • Habit and no
cessity made them frugal; isolation made
them
-clannish. They were chiefly of the
strictest sect of Seceders, and were unsu
ally conscientious, " doers of •the word."
Their wealth, lay in the virgin soil and
(Int* forests, and was brought out with
'brawny artsgnided - by 'intelligent wills`
and practieal judgment: "Their wants
were few, and their resources less, for.
runny years, while changing , the wilder
ness into a garden: Until the ors Of the
National Constitution no house . for -pub
lic worship was erected in all that region.
In winter as well as in summer, their re
ligious meetings were held in the open
air. It was, comnion for"families to ride
ten, or fifteen
- and, oven twenty miles each.
Sabbath to hear the gospel - preaclted.—
The young people, frequently walked oar
rying their - shoes ; and. stookings, - if they
had any, an :their 'hands; - thou tl - ey
might last a long tithe:
. .A. grove was the
usual 'temple , foe Worship. Rude logs
otnpo:sed the pulpit .and .thelaudience
seats: • and 'the •human . voice, uttering
hymns from memory, was'the only organ
that-filled the woods with the sounds of
sacred music.
These settlers were isolated and self
dependent. For a long time sheep Were
scarce, and wool was a great' luxtity.- 7 “,
Deer-s4loms a substitute for cloth for
men and Olytt'; 'and sometimes women
and girls were compelled to resort to it.
The women manufactured all the linen
and woolen fabrics for their fang'
Overcoats were almost unknown fir a long
time : and blankets and coverlets were
taken from the beds in the r.t . 57 time and
used as substitutes during the severities
of the long winters. go great was the
destitution of clothing at one time that,
when the first court was held at Catfish
=now the beautiful town of Washington,
in Washington County—one of the most
prominent citizens, whose attendance as
a magistrate was required, was compelled'
to borrow the leather breeches of an equal-
-4y - respectable neighbor who :lad been sum
moned to act as a grand-juror. The len
der, having no chance was compelled to
stay at home.
For some time they had no stores of
any kind. They had no iron-works for
the manufacture of implements, no salt,
and very little money with which to pur
chase the necessaries of life. For sever
al years, before they had time to raise cat
tle and grain, pe.try and furs were there
chief resources. There was a limiter or
trapper in every family; and in the au
! tumn, when the farm labor was ended, the
-winnings of the gun and-gin was carried
over the mountains upon horses or mules,
furnished with pack-saddles, a bag
of food,
a bell, and a pair of green-withehobbles.
They went in like caravans to-Philadel
phia and Baltimore. At night the horses
were hobbled and tuyned.out to feed ;
_the
bells being a guide to their presence in
the morning. The , peltries and furs were
bartered for salt, iron, and other neceSsa
ries ; and with these the animals were
again laden and their heads turned tow:
and the mountains and the settlements*be
yond.
Eye 'became the principal cereal crop
ofthe pioneers when their land was cleared.
It furnished them with. wholesome food
and., an article for barter. But it was
bulky and cheap, and therefore not con
venient or profitable for the uses of for
eign commerce. A horse could carry on
ly four bushels over the mountains.—
There was but a "small demand for the
grain at home or abroad. What must be
done with the surplus ? Only one way
for a profitable disposition of it seemed
feasible. A horse could carry twenty
four bushels of rye wlien converted into
whisky, and why should not this meta
morphosis of Ceres into Bacchus be em
ployed for the benefit 6 - f commerce? Nei
ther eonsCience nor the'Churco nor "the
State interposed objections. Traditions
urged it. They were descended from a
whisky-making, whisky loving people
/ The use of whisky was not discounte
nanced by society. The Temperance
lecturers were not dreamed of; and the
Pe..nsylvania excise law, enacted in 1750,
was inoperative beyond the mountains,
where distilleries had been early erected I
for the condM tof the settlers Whisky
was there as free as air ; and as early as
the close of the Revolution many a horse
was seen making his weary way Over the
Alleghanies with twenty-your bushels of
rye on his back in the shape of "old Mon
ongahela." Whiskey became the . most
imporht item of remittance to Philadel
phia and Baltimore to pay for salt, sug ar,
and iron consumed by the dwellers be
yond the mountains.
Having collie from a country where the
most detestable of all public functiona
ries was the exciseman, it may readily be
imagined with what feelings the people of
of the Illonoogahela region received the
intelligence of an excise law passed by the
first Congress, early in 1791, which im
posed a tax of from ten to twenty-five
cents a gallon upon all domestic spirits
distilled from grain. It was a part of
the revenue scheme proposed by the emi
nent Alexander Hamilton, the first Na
tional Secretary of the Treasury, for the
restoration of the public credit by making
provision for the payment of the public
debt.
It will he remembered by the intelli
gent reader, that soon after the promulga
tion of Hamilton's financial scheme at the
beginning of 1790, a party opposed to the
policy of the administration of Washing
ton, as developed in that scheme, arose,
at the head of which, when it took defi
nite shape, Thomas Jefferson, the Score
tali, of State, appeared. The party called
itself sometimes Republican and sometimes
Democratia: It grew rapidly in numbers
and strength. It was thoroughlyimbued
with the segregating principles of .French
Democracy, as developed by the bloody rev
olution then in progress in . France; and
I it hailed with delight the landing on our
shores of " Citizen Genet," who came as
the Embassador- of the " - Frerich -Repub
lic," and a Democratic propagandist.—
While Genet and his mission wore lauded,
and his efforts to entangle the United
States in the kindling European war, as
an ally of France, were warmlyseconded,
President Washington's proclamation of
neutrality was assailed by the most vio
lent denunciations. To further the de-
signs of Genet and embarrass the finan
cial and foreign policy of. the Adminis
tration, " Democratic Societies," so called,
in imitation - of the French Jacobin eldbs,
Welt „formed. They wore secret in their
membership, organization, and operatimp.
Their relation to 'the subject of this ta
per was immediate.
The tax on domestic distilled spirits
led_the hated excisemenito the doors of
the whisky-makers in Western Pennsyl
vania, as well 'as in other parts of the
Union. The appearance of that function.
ary excited disgust and alarm, and en
ge-Oared disloyalty: 2.A.mbitious
clans' .took' advantage of the popular dis
conbint to promote their own special in
-tifeittamong these the names of Brad
ford, Brackinridge, Marshall, 'Findley,
Snailie, and Galfatin appear the most'con
spicuons.. Bradford was a bold, badman
from
,Maryland, - an early and .wf3althy
settler, who built the first shingled house
a, V&WIE2 WOR TEM 'NJOaltar SEIRCEA.
in Washington County. He was then
l'!e, prosecuting officer for that dritriet.
Ile had already made strong efforts to di
vide the State and form a new common
wealth composed of the counties west of
the mountains.. Brackinridge was a
Scotchman. Ho was a lawyer at Pitts
burg, and then Judge of the Suprrme
Court of Pennsylvania. Marshall was a
wealthy setticr from the North of Ireland,
and then held the office of Registrar of the
District. Findley was a member of Con
gress, wary and influential; and with
Smilie, a brother Scotchman, was the most
efficient instrument in exciting a rebel
lious feeling among the people. All of
these politicians labored faithfully to de
stroy regard for' the new Government of
the United States in the hearts and minds
of the inhabitants west of the Allegha
nies. Then, as in our day, the most ac
tive practical enemies of the National
Government were those who had been
honored with the public confidence and
fed by the public bounty,
Gallatin was from Switzerland, and had
been in the country. only eleven years.—
lie was youn g and enthusiastic. Ile was
a large and influential. landholder on the
Monongahela. Afterward, as a useful and
patriotic citizen, he held many offices of
great trust under the Government whose
laws he was then in his blindness led to
oppose. These leaders were all of the
Democratic school according to the French
model, and, with their active associates,
-were-denominated-by George Clymer as
either '° sordid shopkeepers, crafty" Jaw
,yers, or candidates for office;
and not in
clined to make personal sacrifices to truth
and honor," Associated with them was
Herman Husbands, a very old man, who
had distinguished himself in insurrection
ary but patriotic movements in Western
North Carolina more than twenty years
tieflwe.
These men played the demagogue ef
fectually, and used the odious excise law
adroitly as an instrument for wielding
the, popular will in favor of their pond.
cal interests ; the most of them, doubtless
never dreaming that their course would
lead to an open armed rebellion against
the laws of the land. Secretly and
openly they condemned the excise lhw,
and encouraged the people to regard as
enemies the appointed collectors. At
their instance a public meeting was held
near the close of July, 1791, at Red
6.tone Old Fort (now Brownsville), when
rrangcmcnts were made for committees
to assemble, at, the respective court-houses
of Alleghany, h'ayette, Washington, and
Westmoreland counties
One of these comwitces, at the county
seat of Washington, passed very intem
perate resolutions on the 23c1 of August,
which were piibliShed in' a 'Pittstiurg
paper, arid greatly inflamed the public
mind. It was resolved that any
,person
who had accepted or might accept an
office under Congress, in order to carry
out the excise law, should be considered
inimical to the interests of the country;
and the citizens were recommended to
treat such men with contempt, and to
refuse all intercourse with them. Soon
afterward a collector of, the revenue in
Allegheny County was waylaid by a party
of disguised men, who cutoff his hair,
tarred and feathered hitn, took his horse
from him, and compelled him to walk a
long distance. A sort of reign of terror
ensued. Processes issued from the court
for the arrest, of the perpetrators of the
outrage could not bo served, for the mar
shal was threatened with similar treat
ment at the hands of the people. In fact,
a messenger who was sent with the process
es to a deputy-marshal was whipped, tarred
and feathered, deprived of his horse,
blindfolded and tied., and left in the
woods, where he was discovered by a
friendly eye some hours afterward.
The President was perplexed by these
lawless proceedings. He had no prece
dent to guide him. He knew that the
excise law was everywhere unpopular,
and he feared that similar open opposition
might show itself inn other parts of the
country. Besides this, Congress had not
then provided the means by which the
Executive could interpose the strong arm
of military power to aid the Judiciary in
the enforcement of the laws. [A bill to
to provide for calling forth militia "to
execute the • laws of the United States,
suppress insurrections, and repel inva
sions," was passed by Congress in April,
1792, and was approved bythe President
on the 2d of May.] Ile also felt it
desirable, in a Government like ours, to
refrain from the use of coercive measures
as - long as - possible, and he forbore to act.
Congress, in May following, greatly mod
ified the excise law by a new ennetinent,
and it was hoped that further difficulties'
would be avbided.
These expectations were not realized.
It suited the purpose of the Democratic
leaders to kee u ) the excitement and
n)easurea were adopted for intimidating
the well-disposed citizens who desired to
comply with the law as modified. The
newspaper at Pittsburg was compelled to
publish whatever the demagogues chose
to print, r c A convention, held at that
place on the 21st of August, 1792, of
which Albeg Gallatin was Secretary,
adopted a series of resolutions, denoun
cing the excise law as '_•unjust, dangerous
to liberty, oppressive to the poor, and
particularly_oppressive to the _Western
country, where grain could only be dis
posed of by distilling it."- It was - re
solved to treat all . excise-officers with
contempt, to withdraw from them every
comfort and assistance, and to persist in
"legal" opposition to the law. A cow
mittee_ of Correspondence was appointed,
the people at large were called upon to
co•operate, and rebellion was fairly or
ganized. Washington issued' aproalit
mation a few weeks afterwards, exhorting
all porSonii t 4 'desist . _ from "unlawful CM-.
binations," and directed Randolph, the
Attorney-General of the United States,
to prosecute the chief actors - in the
Pittsburg . Convention.—qeorge Clymer,
the Superintendent of the Revenue, was
sent into the:diaaffected countiei tO obtain
testimony; .but the Attritney-General,
who secretely favored the insurgents
- - GAMBLE, TATTRIDITYEERITAEriIr -""
because their leaders weteArs_polttical
friends, could find no laiv, , te,t'justifj pro
, eeedings against the -offentleprand -the
matter was abandoned. 'l ,
-During the year 1793, tad until the
, summer and autumn of 1784, the people
'of Western Pennsylvania 'eontinuen to
defy the excise law, to, groat bolder in
their opposition, and to insult and mal
treat those whom the GArernMent appoin•
ted to execute it. Distillers who com
plied with the laws were injured in person
and property; armed men patrolled the
country, spreading terror add,alarm in
all directions among loyal citizens. Tar
and feathers and the torch were freely
used, and the violence employed was in
a manner personified, and called 7bna the
Tinker. A loyal distiller .was -attacked
and his apparatus was cut in pieces. The
perpetrators ironically called their per
formance "mending the still." The
menders, 'of course, Must Tinkers
and the title, on the suggestion of a ruf
fian named Holcroft, , Collectively beearne,
Tom the Tinker. AdvertiSements.•iere
put upon trees and other consPiattous'
places, with the signatureApf
Tinker; and letters bearing that sign-a
ttire, menacing certain persoos, were sent
to the -Pittsburg Gazette, and published,
because the editor dared not withhold,
his assent. 'Women and children in,
loyal fainiles turned pale at:the mime Of
Tom. the Tinker. Ile was: the Robes
pierre of tho Monongahela district,
One of the Most - influential-and TO
spected of the loyal men ..,of Western
Pennsylvania_.was John Nevile, a soldier
and patriot of the- Revolution. He was
a man of wealth; his son. had married a
daughter of pen:Morgan, the Hero of
Cowpen.s, andlis.secial_position.was egad
to any in the country. He' was a native
of Virginia, a friend andpersonal ,ac
quaintance of Washingoe, and had
been a member of the PrOvincial Con
vention of his native State, and of the
Supreme Executive Council of Pennsyl
vania. . This excellent citizen was ap
pointed Inspector for his district, under
the provisions of the odious excise law, -
and it, was believed he wo - ild command
universal respect. Not so., The spirit
of anarchy was abroad, and its baleful
influence was felt in every household.
I Neville's- beautiful mansion, upon a slope
of Bower Hill (seen by the traveller upon
the turnpike road from _Pittsburg to
Washington, about eight miles from the
former city, when looking,-over a fertile
bottom from the mansion of the Wood
ville estate), was attacked•on'the 16th of
July, 1794, by a hundred armed men.
Neville and his family made such resis
tance that the assailants mired; but on
the following morning,:r(' ;forced to the
dumber Of tiVeliuMired,'atted 11.41 by Jok'n,
Holcrolt, who called himself Tom the;
Tinker, they renewed the assault. Some!
soldiers faom Fort Fayette, under Maj.
Kirkpatrick, were in the house. Neville,
who knew his life to be in peril, escaped.
The soldiers made a brief but fruitless
resistance, killing a leader of the assail
ants and wounding others. The family,
under the protection of a white flag,
were removed, and the mansion and all
out-buildings were laid in ashes. The
marshal of the district and the younger
Neville were made prisoners, and the
former, under a penance of instant death,
promised not to serve any more process
es west of the mountains.
On the following day the insurgents
sent word
. to Inspector Neville and the
in ,rshal, then in Pittsburg,that they
must instantly resign. They refused.
The means for defence at Pittsburg were
small ; and so complete and absolute
was the despotism of Tom the Tinker
that there were very few persons in all
that region, out of the immediate family
connections of Gen. NeVille, who were
not active or passive insurgents. Loyal
ists were marked as enemies of their
country—in other words, of their district,
—and taunted with being Stibmissionists.
Their allegiance to the Government of
the United Stateswas called a cowardly
yielding to the tyranny of Federal co
ercion. The mails were seized and
robbed; houses of the loyalists in all
directions were burned, and the militia
of the four rebellious counties were
summoned to rendezvous at l3raddock's
Field, on the Monongahela,
aimed and
equipped, and supplied with three days'
provisions. -Meanwhile the inspector
and marshal bad fled down the Ohio in,
an open boat to Marietta, and th , en made
their way to Philadelphia through the
wilderness.
ho summons for the meeting of the
militia on Braddock's field, circulated for
only three days over a sparsely settled
ceuntry, drew together over seven thou
sand men. Some, as they afterward, al,
leged, went there to gratify thbir curiosi
ty, and a few, like Mr Ross, the United
States - Ser )d to the field
_to
,restrain t prevent mischief.
. 1 11frprotnpt response of the masses
lighted the leaders. They regarded it as
a token of confidence in them and the
earnestness, of the people in the cause.—
Col. Cook, one of the judges of Fayette
county, was called to preside over, the
groat meeting of armed citizens, and Al
bert Gallatin, who had lately been refu
sed a seat in the Senate of the.. United
Stated because of ineligibilty;as shown
by_ his naturalization papersoras appoint 4.
od secretary. Bradforl, "before whom
everybody-cringed," assunied the,position
of Major General, and reviewed the troops.
Hib design 'seems to hive boon to march
upon Pittsburg, seise Fort Pitt and' its
arms and amunitioe,,_and declare the
counties west of . the °Alleghenies in in
dependent State. He was one' of 'the
earliest
_avevretl secessionists who appear,
in our hiritory: But timid - or more loyal
militia officers refused to co-operate with.
im to that infamous extent. , _Hraelten
idge counseled against the measure, and,
he scheme Was abandoned.:
, Emboldened by tbe formidable demon
stration on Bradclock'i Field, the 'insur
gent leaders expelled all tbeezeise officers
who remained. "Sonm weib brutally trea
ted and Weir houses burned, even in dis
tricts whereaho oppobition • bad ,hitherto
•_beeri_l_ess violent. The insurgent spirit
spread into the neighboring "counties of
Virginia, and the rebellion began to as
sume huge proportions.
A meeting had been held at Mingo
Creek late in July, near where the chief
insurgents resided, when it was agreed to
hold a convention at Parkinson's Ferry,
on the Monongahela, ,three weeks later.
As the day for that convention approach
ed, matters assumed a more threatening
aspect. As in most rebellions, the mea
sure of actual armed resistance to the ex
ecution of the national.-laws was advoca
ted Ly only a feW , 'v'iolent and reckless
Men. Of these Bradford was chief.---
With a 'desperate few, armed by terror
ism composed of threats and violence, he
overaited the people, established an abso
lute despotism, and converted a whole
community into a band of rebels, who,
under wise and righteous counselors,might
have been loyal petitioners to a listening
government for a redress of grievances.
When intelligence of these high-hand
ed proceedings reached Philadelphia, the
,f‘ Democratic societies"—the prototypes
of the Knights of the Golden Circle of
our day—were jubilant because of the
late brilliant victories of the French arms.
They had recoveredfrnm their depression
caused bPlormerreierses suffered by the
French army, and the disgrace of Genet,
and were now assailing the administra
-pion with unsparing malignity. The Phil
adelphia society did, indeed, pass a reso
lution whieh, l after execrating the excise
law in terms sufficient to give, sustenance
to the rebellkinplisapproved, of the vio
lent acts= of =resistance. But President
Washington' hadritifaith in the sincerity
of their leaderB;::lie regarded them as
artful and desigiltif
,men, while great_
body of the membership whom, they con
trolled he believed meant well, and knew
little of their real plans for sowing "among
the people the seeds-of jealousy and dis
trust of the government by destroying all
confidence in the administration of it."
"I consider this insurrection," be wrote
to Gov. Lee, of Virginia, in August, "as
the first formidable fruit of the Democra-
,tie societies, brought forth, I believe, too
'prematurely for their own, views, which
may contribute to the annihilation of
them."
The President called a cabinet council
All regarded the moment as a critical on
for the republic. If - the insurrection in.
Pennsylvania should not be immediately
checked, like or similar causes might
produce like effects in other parts of the
republic. The example of the whisky
makers might become infectious, and the
very foundations of the State - be shaken.
It was agreed that forbearance must end,
and the effective power of- the executive
arm 'Must be Put" :forrh is ttliipress- . ther'
risinr , rebellion. Accordingly, on the 7th
of August, r ' Washington issued a procla
mation warning the insurgents to disperse,
and declaring that if tranquility should
not be restored in the disturbed counties
before the Ist of September, or in about
twenty days, an armed force would be '
employed to compel submission to the
laws. At the same time the President
made a requisition on the Governors of
New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland and
Virginia, for militia sufficient to form an
army of thirteen thousand men. It was
estimated that the insurgent counties
could raise sixteen thousand fighting
men.
Gen. Mifflin, a lending Democrat, who
had taken an active part in the convivial
meetings of his party when they welcom
ed Genet to Philadelphia, was then Gov
ernor of Pennsylvania. When the pro
position of a majority of the cabinet to
call out the militia was suggested to him,
he expressed a doubt of the expediency
of the measure, as it might exasperate the
rebels and increase the difficulty. Ile
doubted his own authority to make such
a call, and questioned whether the militia
of his sovereign State would "pay a pas
' sive obedience to the mandates of the
Government"—whether there would not
be a divided Pennsylvania. He wished
to act independently of the General Gov
ernment, believing that his State was able
of itself to suppress insurrection within.
its borders, and to punish offenders
under the due course of State law. lle
was therefore disposed to content himself
with an expression of official indignation,
and the issuing of orders for the State
officers in the West to use all their au
thority to suppress the tumult.
Randolph, the Democratic Attorney-
General, coincided with Mifflin in his
views. He expressed great fears that if
the National Government should attempt
coercion there would be civil war. Brack
enridge had written a lett& to a friend in
Philadelphia, which_had been sent to the
Qthinet ! , doubtless for the purpose .of in
timidating it, in which ho maintained that
the Western counties Were able to defend
themselves,and suggested that the mid-
!and counties would not be disposed lo al
loth the march of national troops No the
-.West over their sacred soil! lie also in
timated that if coorcion should be attempt
ed, the insurgents might make applica
tion to Great Britain for aid, and even
march on Philadelphia, the National
capital.
Washington was not to bo trifled with.
no perceived the danger and the fieoessi
ty for prompt action, and resolved to dis
_card every- seinblan cc_ of_ a_ _temporizing
policy with the rebels. When Mifflin re-
;.fused to call out the militia of his State,
ho took the responsibility an himsclf; and
after Making the necessary arrangements,
by obtaining a certifieate from a Judge • of
the Supreme Court.that in certain' coun
ties the execution of the laws erthe Unix
ted States was obstructed by - cembina,
thins too, powerful to be, suppressed by the
ordinary couise• of judicial proceedings,
heissued the proclamation and made the
requisition alreadymentioned, and 'fixed'
the time for moyement of the troops on
the Ist of SePtember.
The President resol;nd, , however, to
send the insurg . ents the olive-branch be a
fore sending- tab sword; Re - appointed
three Commissioners to proceed• to the in
surgenCdiStrictond arrange, if poisible,
any dime.beforethe .14th of •September,
I an effectual submission to the lazes._. Gov,
Mifflin appointed two Commissioners to
represent the State, and at the same time
issued two proclamations, one for conven
ing the Legislature, and the other calling
upon tbe reels to submit to the laws, as
suring them that he should respond to the
President's requisition for troops.
These Commissioners went over the
mountains together, and fbund the Con
vention already mentioned in session at
Parkinson's Ferry. There were more
than two hundred delegates present. The
meeting was held in a grove upon the
crown of a hill overlooking the Mononga
hela. Near by stoodlrtall pole bearing
the words, in large letters, "LIBERTY
AND NO ExcisE I No ASYLUM FOR
COWARDS AND TRAITORS I Col. Cook
was Chairman, and Albert Gallatin was
Secretary.
It was evident that those who evoked
the storm were alarmed at its unexpected
fury. Gallatin and Brackenridge had
already perceived the folly and danger of
their course, and the dilemma into which
the people were plunged, and they were
endeavoring by conciliatory measures to
extricate them. Marshall had offered a
resolution for the appointment of a com
mittee of public safety, empowered "to
call forth the resources of the western
country to repel any hostile attempts
against the citizens:" Gallatin had bold
ly moved to refer the motion to
,a select
demtnittee, but quailing before the eye of
Bradford,
,no, one present dared seCond it.
Marshall,, already wavering, had finally
offered_ to, withdraw it, provided a com
mittee of sixty be appointed with power
to call another meeting.. This was done,
and a committee of fifteen were appointed
to confer With the .6atio,ual_and. State
Oommissioners. In all their proceedings
no one dared to go so far as to artree to
submit to the eXqise.
The Commissioners and the committee
of fifteen met a, few days afterwards at
Pittsburg. Marshall, Brackenridge,Cook,
Gallatin, and Bradford, were of that COni
mittee. All ,but the latter were fh.vora
ble to an accommodation. The Commis
sioners demanded from the Committee of
sixty an explicit declaration of their de-
termination to submit to the laws of the
United States, and their reeommendation
to the citizens at lkrge. to-do likewise;
and also-to abstain - from all opposition,
direct or indirect, and especially from
violence or threats against the excise offi
cers or the-loyal distillers. The Com
missioners promised, on the part of the
Government, in the event of a compliance
with these requirements and perfect sub
mission to the laws; a final pardon and
Oblivion of all offenses:' The committee
of fifteen agreed that these terms were
- reasonable,-tind-pronticil call a; Inqit-,
ing of,the committee of sixty. -
Bradferd and his bad associates were
dissatisfied. Turn the Tinker declared in
the Pittsburg, Ca.-:ette. that the conferees
had been bribed by the Government, and
an armed party assembled, when the six
ty convened, to overawe them. Such
would have been the effect but for the cou
rage and address of Gallatin, seconded by
Brackenridge. They urged submission;
but Bradford, in a violent harangue,
called upon the people to continue their
resistance, and to form an independent
State Bad counsels finally prevailed,
and the Commissioners returned to the
seat of government without accomplishing
the object of their mission.
On the day after the return of the Com
missioners (September 25) the President
issued another proclamation, giving
no
tice of the advance of the troops. Gov
henry Lee, of Virginia ("Legion Barry"
of the Revolution,) was appointed com
mander-in-Chief of the expedition. The
Virginia troops were led by the veteran
General Morgan, and those of Maryland
by General Smith, then member of Con
gress, from Baltimore. These, forming
the left wing, assembled at Cumberland,
thence to march across the mountains by
Braddock's Road. Governors Mifflin and
Howell led in person the respective troops
of Pennsylvania and New Jersey. These
formed the right wing. They rendez
voused at Bedford, to cross the mountains
by what was known as the north route.
There had been great and' unexpected
alacrity in the response to the President's
call. A most gratifying manifestation of
loyalty was bxhibited on every hand.—
The citizens readily contributed means
for the support of the wives and children
of the volunteers during their absence;
and the quota of each State, composed
chiefly of volunteers, was promptly fur
nished.
It was soon evident that this military
expedition was highly necessary; The
insurgent spirit was rapidly spreading,
and had appeared 'ht Carlisle and other
places cast of the mountains. It was
checked suddenly and effectually when
the troops approached. Bradford an d. his
associates, over-estimating the strength
and disloyalty of the Democratic party,
had laughed at the President's proclama
tion calling for troops. lie did not be
lieve that the people of the loyal portion
of the country could be induced to appear
in arms against their brethern who were,
in imitation of their Revolutionary fath
ers, only seeking to establish their inde
pendence of the tyrannical National Gov
ernment at Philadelphia, and asked for
nothing more thaii-to-bolet alone. --They
had resolved not to submit to a tariff on
their staple production, nor allow the Na
tional Government-to coerce them into
subinisSion to its laws; and it was an in-,
fringement of their sovereign rights as
freiimen, and n'greak public crime to in
augurate a civil war by- sending troOps to
subjugate them.
But Bradford and his More violent mt•
sociatcs wore compelled to come down
from their stilts. They were ereaed
when they hear& that: Democratic leaders,
like Mifflin, were in arms against them;
arid when they learned that the troops
were actually; approaching _the Eastern
slope.of the -Aliegl?,anieri they flea from
the country... Calmer thought and wiser
counsels prevailed, A new convention
wits held at Parkinsen's Ferry when 'reho.
lutions to submit were adopted. Find-
$1 50 pOr annnm In advance
t $2 00 if not mild in ad' anCO
ley,_ who bad found -it much easier to
arouse the bad passions of men than to
control them, and bad mustered courage
sufficient to place himiielf decidedly on
the side of law and order, was despatched,
with another, to meet the advancing troops
with proffeis of loyalty, and, if possible,
to stay their progress.
The President 'and Secretary of the
Treasury, had accompanied the riqht
wing'of the army, and were at Carlisle
when Findley and his associates arrived
there. Washington treated the penitent
insurgents kindly, but they did not bring
sufficient evidences of the loyalty of their
constituents to cause him to countermand
the order for the forward march of the
troops. The alarmed embassadors in] ,
mediately turned back, crossed the moun
tains in great haste, and called another
meeting at Parkinson's Ferry. With
full assurance of the absolute submission
of the insurgents, Findley recrossed the
Alleghanies to stay the march of the
national troops. The President had re
turned to Philadelphia, leaving Hamilton
to act as his deputy. The Minister was
net satisfied. He would not trust the
professions of loyalty made by men so
lately in rebellion. The troops moved
steadily onward. They crossed the Alle
ghanies in a heavy rain -storm, encounter
ing mud knee-deep in many places. The
two wings of the army met at Uniontown,
and proceeded together to the disaffected
district. Lee made his head-quarters.at o
Parkinon's Ferry,• and there , issued a
proclamation offering conditional pardon
and peace. The inhabitants were all
required to take the oath of allegiance to
the United States.
A few days after this proclamation was
issued -G e nerd-Lee - made - a - sci - zure - ell . -
persons supposed to have been criminally
concerned in the late violent.proceedings.
The most guilty had fled from the, cbun-
try." Many were dismissed for want -or
evidence against them, and a considerable
number were bound overrfor trittliit Phila
delphia. Only two were found guilty of
capital offences, and sentenced to be hung
—one for arson, the other for robbing the
mail. There were palliating circumstan
ces in their cases, and the President fi
nally pardoned them.
Most of the troops were soon withdrawn
from the country of the late rebels. ..Twen-..
ty-flClifindred of them encamped in the
district, under General Morgan, Until
spring, when every vestige of disloyalty
had disappeared.
Thus terminated a rebellion engendered
by politicians, which at one time threat
ened the stability, if not the very exis
tence of the Republic. It was put down
without the shedding of a drop of blood.
The result was owing chiefly to the wis
duin- prudence, vigilance,
.clt;:rgy, and
personal popularity of the President. tie
did not wait until the rebellion had as
sumed proportions too great to be man
aged with ease. Ile comprehended the
magnitude of the threatened evil and his
duty respecting it, and was fearless and
energetic in the performance of that duty.
The event, so ominous of dire calamity at
one time, was overruled for the produc
tion of great good. The Government
was amazingly strengthened, by it. The
national authority was fully vindicated;
and the general rally to its support when
the Chief sounded the bugle-call, even of
those who had hitherto leaned toward or
acted with the opposition, was a signifi
cant omen of future stability and power.
Every honest man expressed his repro
bation of the violent resistance to law,
and the Democratic Societies, the chief
fomenters of the insurrection, showed a
desire to be less conspicuous. Hamilton,
who had always distrusted the strength
of the Government in such an emergency, ~.
was now perfectly convinced of its in
herent power,
and both he and Washing
ton regarded the affair as a fortunate
circumstance for the nation. And thus
it will always be with this Republic; for its
foundations aro laid upon the solid foun
dations of Truth and Justice.
A DOCTOR'S WIFE attempted to move
him by her tears. "Ah !" said ho "tears
are useless. I have analyzed them.—
They contain a little phosphate of lime,
some chlorate of sodium. and water."
MISS SLIDELL.
The girl stood on the steamer's deck,
While men in arms stood thick around,
And from Jacinto's threatening sides
A score of cannon on her frowned.
She bade them leave her father there—
She challenged them to do her hurt—
She madly laid her bosom bare,
And fearfully expose hor—shirt
DON'T let your children learn good and
bad things indiscriminately. To be sure
the bad might be eradicated in after years,
but it is easier to sow clean seed than to
eleasne dirty wheat.
"Yob' are always yawning," said alit
day to her husband. "My dear Maria,"
replied ho, " the husband and wife are
one, and when I am alone I grow weary."
,1
'" VVELL,•John,"•said a doctor to a lad,
whose mother ho had been attending du
ring her illness, " how is your mother?",
"She is dead, I thank !pm, sir!",
Am fruit trees have military propen
sities. When young they are'svoll trained;
they produce, many ketnals; and theik
shoots aro very straidit.
NOTICE the marriago. of Mr. Day
and Miss Field, whieh,,prosonts. this sin.
gular anomaly, tliUti''ihoogh ho. had won.
.the hold r .sho.hati, gained the cloy.
Wrsnowin a nut ivhioh if not chosen
with judgment rna . yonst you a tooth and
pay you with notlung but a worm.
,
.VALIT . E the - criciishirpof him who
stands by you in thci . storm ;,swarms •of
insects wiltsurround you in-the-sunshine.
BWMTY can never compensate for the
want of amiability, but., amiability can
'Oonipensate for tbe want of beauty.
You NEED not tell all the truth. unless
to those who have a tight to know B all. -
But let all you tell be truth'. .
,:r
GRATITUDE i 8 the musio of the 'Malt
when its °herds are swept by kindness.
NO 8.