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A., K. nizEum, PropSetot.l: )
Wm. M. PORTER, •Edilor.
VOL. LXI;
ustness Carts.
.
T J.. W. FOUL t., .Attorney'at:Law
_Li. Office srlth J. It. Bm?th, Esq., In Glass' Row, In
roar of Prat Presbyterian Church. All husluees on.
trusted to him Will los promptly attended to.
. May 11, '60.-I,sr. .•
. • . ~ ,
.
JNO: K. Small, re•
sportfully announces to his old fritnds and
ruler patrons, • that ho has returned from his south
Western tgur, with his.health greatly, Improved, and
has resumed Lie practice in Carlisle.,
CF n (Mon Main Street, 000 door west of the Dsiiroad
Depot; where IA can be found at all hours, day and
night, whim not out professionally.
Carlisle, Oct. 26,1855-tf.
J. g.. ENDER, M. p.
- (IIOIDEOPATIIIST,)
PITYSICIA.N, SURGEON &. ACCOUCITgR.
Odtre on. South Hanover Street, formerly occupied
by Dr. Smith.
11\11S. B. KIEFFER Office ip North
lino vor street, tw,o doors from Arnold A Son's
torn. °Moo hours, moro particularly from 7 to 0 o'clock'
A. M., and from 6 to 7 o'clock, I'. M.
R. GEO• Z. BRETZ, Dentist Of
fico Nolitli Pitt Street Carllsla.
Au;. 3, MM. 6t. '
.
- FIR. GEORGE S. SEA-
L . /RIGHT DENTIST, from the Bal.
masa ilmore College of .11ental Surgery.
-, C,3.0111e0 at the residence of bia mother, East bouthol
e trent, three doors below Bedford.
March Id, Isso—tf.
T\OCTOR ARMSTRONG has recnov
ua his office to the South west corner of !leftover &
Pomfret st whore ho may be consulted nt any hour of the
day or night. Dr. N. has bad thirty years 4xperlence
n the prof, fston, the last ten of which halm boon deco.
ted to the study and practice of homeopathic mudl•
ctno. May 20, 'l,76nt.
DR. J. C. NEFF respect
fully informs the ladles and gentlemen
""•.• of Carlisle, and vicinity, that lie has rm
sunhat the practice of Dentistry, and Is prepared to per
form all operations on the teeth and gums, belonging
to his, profession. Ile will Insert full sets of teeth on
gild or Nil ver,se,hlt single gum teeth, or blocks, as they
may prefer. Terms moderate, tolmit the times.
DR. I.C.LOOMIS
s q uit il A nover Arcot,
nett gooi• to ttto. Post
Aug2l,q,9.
Office.
a r - YO. W. , NEIDICII, D. D. S r
.-
Llte tkomonstrator of Dee:olive Dentistry to the
Doltimore Collego of
set 7 • 1 8 . •
DA IST., i lfreolN . l7+7
evidence,
oprosite 3lnririn 11111, West Main otreot, Candisto, Donn
Nov. 11,1857.
/ S. W. lIAVERSTICK, Druggist,
North Ilan - over Street., Carlisle.
Physician's prescriptions fatefully compounded
A full supply of fresh drugs and. clionatittOr
EMOVAL.
L, SPONSbER,
'Lis romoTod Ills dike to his New House, opposl
Glens' Hotel. Nardi 2S, ltit{o-tf,
T ASV CARD.-CHARTZS 13. MA
lI (ILAUGIILIN, Attorney at Law '
(like In In
Leila building, just opposite the Market, .
Carlisle, March 11, '6O-Iy.
TOHN HAYS, ATTORNEY AT LAW;
Oifieo 00 Main Street, opposite " Marion Hai
Carlisle, Pa. [Oct. 25, 'sg-17
P. HUMRICH, "Attorney at Law.
Nj.—Oraro on North Hanover street, et few doors
south of Glass' hotel. All business entrusted to him
will be promptly attended to. . [Aprills.
AW NOTICE. - REMOVAL..— W
1../ 31. PENROSE has removed his office in roar
the eout,t House, where ho will promptly attend to al
business entrusted to him.
August 19, 1857.
T AW OFFICE.--LEMURL TODD
has resumed the practice of the Law. Office in
bantrr Square, west side, near the First Presbyterian
Church.
•
Apill R, 1857.
A N MOW J. WILCOX, Attorney at
Law. OMee N 0.19 Lexington St.Baltimoro. Basi
n°sn promptly attended to.
REFERENCES.
11. M. Jolinson, _
Jacob Ithoem,
•
It. A. Sturgebn, kr AL.
Carlisle. April 25;'b5.-3m.
- W. 0. RHEE ' M
ATTORNEY AT LAW AND GENERAL AGENT.
Minneapolis, Minneeola. \ •
WILL give special attention to collections through
Y V out the State, make inyestments, buy and sell
Real Estnto and securities. Negotiate loans, pay taxer
locate laud warrants, !Le., Ac. Refer to the members .3
thy Cumberland County Bar, and to all prominent el
Rene of Carlisle, Pa. (Aug4`6B-Iy.
bar' FARE 'REDUCED. nioa
STATES RNION HOTEL
606 4!.. 608 Market St., above sixth,
I=lo
JAMES". POWER, Proprietor
TERMS :-1111 - 25 per day. u3d'6B
UNITED STATES HOTEL—
S. E. Cor. 11th 4. fila;k.e't
H. W. HANA.G.I9.I
=!
MEM
N. ',H A N QR;
MERCHANT TAILOR.
" ,WEST .MAIN STREET,
• Opposite the Rail Road Office.
1.0"" Fall am! Winter .Styla of Cloths
Cossimeres and Vestings made to order.
Cttrlislo, May 2, MO.
II: NEWSIIAII,
ATTOR.N EY AT LAW..
COlce with Wm. 11. Miller, Eeq., South Hanover /Wee
opposite the Volunteer Otilco.
Carlisle, Sep. 8, 1859.
. COAL! COAL!! COAL.!!!
T O FARMERS . AND -iniEBUR
NERS AND OWENS.
I o undersigned have been appointed sole agents for
the sale of tho celobratod Truvorton Coal. Thin Coal Is
recommonded by Mr. Lonills . and others who have tried
it, to bo equally as strong, and burn as much limo per
ton as Lykem Valley or any other coal In use.
-persous In want of Limo Coal will find it to their ri;
tereat to buy this Coal as it costa from twenty to twen
ty five cents per ton him thou Lykons Valley. We
have the prepared Trevorton Coal for family use always
an hand. Also a large stock of coal of all kinds. .
. .
Our stock of !.UN BElt to largo and complete and nil
be Sold at tha lowest 'Videos. •
Thankful fo'r past .favora *a respectfully_ aide econ
tlnuanro of the same. . . '
ARMSTRONG & 1.101+0NR,;.
July 13, 1860
NO MISTAKE. - -.—All poisons in wa . t
of n bottle - of Blue Old Imported and Pure Brandy,
or Ohl Rye Whiskey, or (Bu r . Wines, die., can get the
pure..zrrtiele at the Urocory of - the subscriber.
BENTZ. '
Jan. 18, 1880, •
•,
RIME CB ANI3ERRIES: '
Asuporior article orCiuutOilos just ii,cofved end
or gale by ' J. W.4113Y.
(4.RAIN'„ BAGS.--t 7 Jriist r9ceived, and
Nr sale very cheap, for Cnali r :
1860. Oil A rg . ..: 111Y,; Trustee
UltNTsi~rv(} Goons: '
- Tbolarkent end beat 'variety or 0 ones: Furnteb
Glainta x and at the loweet - pricea can be found et
• '''''.?in'Aa4lllserdl4.et
MACKEREL.-.-I.'
r • A Jot of ',lteeleeielL-noi eatilb... , tiftweerted peo‘t
gee of lisive“, Quarter, and tpicl4h Berrels,
•v ,8 443 ,1 9. N,, „
ter pale At the Stem of the oubseilber.•
Oet. 20, . a J W.
TEENS OF PUBLICATION.
The •CA unite HERALD is published weekly on a large
sheet containing twenty eight columns, and furnished
to subscribers at $1.51) 1 paid strictly in adduces;
$1.75 if pidd within the year; or,s2 in all eases when
payment is delayed until after the explrutto n of the
year. No subscriptions received for a less period then
Fix menthe, and none discontinued until all arreerages
are paid, tittles', at the option of the publisher. Papers
sent to subscribers living out of Cumberland edimty
must be paid for In advance, or the payment assumed
byksotne responsible per'inn living in Cumberland coun
ty. These terms will be rigidly adhered to in all
"see.
Advertisements will be charged $l.OO per square of
twelve lines for three Insertions, and 25 cents for each
subsequent insertion. Alt advertisements of less than
twelve lines considered as a square. •
Advertisement's Inserted before Marriages and deaths
6 coats per line for first. Insertion, and 4 cents Per line
for subsequent insertions. COmmunications on rub
meets of limited or' individitel interest will be charged
6 cents per line. The Proprietor will not be responai:
bin In demsges for errors in .ulvertisementa, Obituary
notices or' Marriages not exceeding five lines,•will be
inserted wit lieuteberge. .
The Carlisle Herald .7011 PRINTING OFFICI7 le the
largest and most complete establishment in the county.
Four good Presses, and a general variety of material
suited for plain and Fancy work of every kind, enablts
us to do Job .Printing at the shortest notice and on the
most reasonable. terms. Pertons in Want of Bills,
Blanks or anything in the Jobbing lin., will find It to
rib° interest to give us it Can. •
EILESID*NT OF THEO, S.
Commiesloners of South Carolina
• The following carrespondence,was read in
secret 'Maslen; and from which the injunction
of secrecy was removed.
WA9III:4GTON, December, 28, 1860.
Sir—We have the honor to transmit to you •
a copy of the'full powers from the Convention
of the people from South Carolina, under which
Ve are “authorized and empowered to treat
with the Government of the United Staten for
the delivery of the feria, magazines, light
houses, and other rent estate, with their ap
purtenances, within the limits of Smith Caro
lina, and also for an apportionineritof the pub
lic debt, and for a division of all the property
held by the Government of the United States,
as agent for the ednfederated States,' of which
South Carolina was recently a member, and
generally tiynegetiate as to all other measures
.antrairangements proper to be made tind a
dopted in the existing relation of the parties, _
and for the continuance of peace and amity
between this Commonwealth and the Govern
ment at Washington."
In the execution of this trust, it is our du
ty to furnish you,
as we now do, with an offi
cial copy of the Ordinance of Sec'ession, by
;which the State of South Carolina has re
sumed the poWers she delegated to-the Gov
ernment. of LIT United States, and hasdeclared
her perfect seikereigtity and independence.
It would also have been our duty to have
informed you that we nein yto negotiate
? -with you upon all such questions as are
nccee
enrily raised by the adoption of this Ordinance,
and that we were 'prepared to enter upon this
negotiation with, the earnest desire to avoid all
unnecessary and hostile coltision; . and so .to
inaugurate our new 'relations us to secure mu
tual respect, general advantage, and a futuro,
of good will ankharmony, benefieial to all the
parties concernett
But the events' of the last twenty four hours •
render su,ch ad assurance impossible. Wo
came here the representatives of an authority
which could at any time within the past. sixty. ,
days have taken possession of the forts in
Charleston harbor, but upon pledges given in
a manner that we cannot doubt, determined to
trust to your honor rather than to its own .
power.' Since our arrival an officer of the •
United States acting, as we are assured, .not
only without, but against your_orders, has,dis
mantled one fort and occupied another, thus
altering to a most important extent the condi
tion of affairs under which we came.
Until these circumstances.aro explained in
a manner which reliev.es'us of all doubt as to
the spirit in which these negotiations shall bo '
conducted, we are forced to suspend all dis-
cuasion us to any arrangements by which our
mutual interests might be amicably adjusted.
And, in conclusion, we would urge upon
you the immediate withdrawal of the troops
from the harbor of Charieston. Under present
circumstances, they are a standing menace
twhich renders negotiation impossible, and, as,
tritryfient experience shows. threatens speedi
ly to bring to itbloody imp questions which
ought to be settled with temperance and judg
ment.
Wo haveiho honor to-be, very ro-peotfully,
your obedient servants,
R. W. BARNWELL,
J. IL ADAMS,. . COMOSSIODOTEI.
JAMES L. ORR,.
To the President of the United States.
WASHINGTON CITY, DC0,3001, 1860
Gentlemen.—l have had the honor to recoil/a'
your communication of 28th instant, together
with a copy of "your full powers of •the Con
vention of the people of South Cprolina,"
thorizink you to treat with the Government of
Ile United States on various impartant'sub
jects therein mentioned,, and also a copy of
the Ordinance, bearing date on the 20th inst.
I=
declaring that "the'Union now subsisting ho-,
tweon South Carolina and other Stntes,. ( ender
the name of the 'United States of,Artittflea,' is
hereby dissolved."
In answer te . thit communication, I have to
say that my position,- as President of the Uni
ted Stales, was clearly defined in the Message
to Congress on the 3d instant. In that 1 sta
led that, °apart frem the execution of thelaws
so far ns this may . be practical, the Executive
has no power to decide what'shall be the rale
thins between the Federal Government and
South Carolina. Ile hes been invested with
no such discretion. Ha poisesses no power lo
change the relations heretofore existing be
tween them, much less to acknowledge the in
dependence of that State. This would be to
invest a mere Executive officer with the power
of recognizing the dissolution of the Confed
eracy among our thirty-three Sovereign States.
It bears no resemblance to the recognition of
a foreign, de facto dvernmont involving no
such responsibility'„ Anit j attempt to do this
would, on his part, a naked act of usurps=
lion. It.js, therefore, my duty to submit to Con
' gross the whole question in all its bearings.."
Such is my opinion still. I could only meet
' you therefore as private gentleinen, of the
higliest; character,'and• was entirely willing
to communicate to Congress any 'proposition
you might have to make•to that body upon
the subject. :Of this you were :well aware. It
was, my earnest desire that such El disposition
might be made of the wholO subjeCt by' Con—
gress, Who steno possesses 'the : pewee, its' to_
prevent. the Inauguration of a civil war be
tween, the paftiee in regard to the) possession
of the Federal forts in the harbor of
,Charles
ton and I tlichtlire 'deeply regi'et that,' in
'your Opinion "the events of the , last' twenty:
fourlionrs render this Impossible." ,
In oQnolueioh you urge upon me "the im r ,
mediate withdranalof the troops from the bar 7
bor'ofCliarleston." stating that "Under pres
ent eireumettincis they. are a strinding menace
which7renders negotiation hop sAble. al:4l.as
- our recent experienco n!, titimacnVeedi;
ly to bring tonbloody' issue queettoins Which
'ought to be settlettiiitli tempertinee
A The reason foi this olianie , in yotir Tosition
;Is that Bina , your arrival in , Watildngton s .,
:;officer in the Uniteidatates, acting as i'e (You) .
are assured tiotunly.wiihotif;hut 'against your
;(4) orders, lins'diarnaniled 'one fort , ttud
4:milled another, thus altering to a taiml,.icattiti-
ADVERTISENtNTS,
JOB PRINTING
CORRESPONDENCE
1:=1
ECM=
S. PZIL , Vt2 roaWIETI IMBEELT GE ROM.
tent extent the condition of affairs underwbich
wo (you) came."
. also alego
,that 'ytiu
came hero "the representatives of an authori
ty which could at any time within the past
sixty dayi have taken possession of the forts
in Charleston harbor, but which, upon pledges
giVeh in a manner that we (you) cannot doubt
determined to trust to your (my) honor rath•
or, than to its power.' •
• This brings rue to a consideration of the na
hire' of those alleged pledges, and in what
manner they have been observed. In my Mee
sage of the Pd'of• December last, I stated, in
regard to the property of the United States In
South Carolina, that it "has been purchnsod
for a fair eqvivalent, by the consent of the
Legislature of the pate,- for the erection of
'forts', magazines, qsertals,' Sm., and over these
the authority to exercise exclusive legislatiOn
has been expressly granted by the Cgirstitu
lion to Congress:- It is not believed that any
attempt will be made to expel the United States
from this property by force; but if In this I
should prove mistaken; the officer in command'
of the forts has received orders to,act strictly,
on the defensive. In such a contingency, the
responsibility for ponseqitences would right
fully rest upon the heads of the assailants," ,
This being the condition of the parties; on
Saturday, Bth December, four , of the Repro
sentatiVes from South Carolina called on me,
and requested,an interview. We had an ear
nest conversation on the subject of these forts
and the best means of preventing a.collision
between the parties, for the purpose of sparing
the effusion of blood. I suggested, for pru
dential reasone, , that it would be best to put
in writing what they. said tp me verbally. They
did so accordingly, and on Monday morning,
the lOth inst. three of them-presented me a
paper; signed by all the Representatives from
South Carolina with a single exception, of
which the following re a'copy
To His Ex:cell - my JalnCs Buchanan, .
President United States
"In compliance with our statement. to you
yesterday, we now express to you our strong
convictions that neither the constituted au
thorities nor any body, of the people of the
State of South Carolina will either attack or
molest the United States forts in the harbor
of Charleston previously to, the. action of the
Convention, and we hope and believe not until
an offer has been made through an accredited
representative to negotiate for an arnicablear
tangethent of all matters between the ,State
and the Federal government, provided thitf no
reinforcements shall be sent into those forts,
and their relative military status shall remain
as at present
JoIrN McQUEEN,
M. L. BoNium,
W. W. Bow?,
LAUEENCE M. KEITT.
"Washington, oth December, 1800."
And here 1 meet, in justice to myself, re.
marl. at, at the-time the paper was presen
ted tome, I objected to the word "provided,"
as it. might be construed into an agreement on
my port t lhich I never would make..TheY
said that nothing was further from their in
tention—they did not so onderarrad it, and I
should not so consider it. It is evident that
they could enter into no reciprocal agreement
with me on the subject. They slid not-profess
to have authority to do this, and wee acting
in theirludividual character. Ico isidered it
as nothing more in effect than the ruteise - of
blghtylionorabki gentlemen„,,l4 ert theirin
fluenee for the purpose expressed. .
The event has proven that they .have faith
fully kept their promise, Although I have never
'since received a line from any one of them,
-or from any member of tho Convention, on the
subject. It is well known it was my determi
nation; and 'this I freely exsressed, not to ro
inforce the forts in the luirtor •iintrthus -pro
duce a dollision until they has been actually
attacked, or until I had certain evidence that
they were about to bo attneked.—This paper
I received most cordially, and considered it as
a happy omen that, peace might be preserved,
and that time 'night thus be given ,for race
lion. This-is, the - whole foundation for the
alleged pledge. But I acted in the same man
ner as 1 would have done had I entered into
a positive and formal agreement with parties
capable of contracting, although such an.a
greement would have been on my part, from
the nature of my official duties, impossible.
The world knows that I have never sent any
reinforcements to the forts in Charleston liar
nor, and I have certainly never authorized
any change to be made in their relative mili
tary status.. Bearing upon this subject, I re
fer you to nn order issued by the - Secretary of
War, on the 11th inst, to Major Anderson,
but not brought to my notice until the 21st
inst. It is ns follows :
~ M ;tnorancluin of Verbal Inatructions.lo Major
Anderson let Artillery, Conunanqing Fort
Moultrie, South Carolina.. •
" You era aware of the great anxiety of tho§itcrotary
of War that acollision of thu troops with the'people of
this Stato than bo avoided, and of his studied determi
nation to pursue a &Anse with retort:P.3A° the military
force and forts in this hat bor which Float guard against
such a collision. Ito has, theroforo, carefully abstain•
ed from increasing the force at this point, or taking any
ineaituros witleli might add to the present excited stale
if the public mind, or which would throw any doubt on
the conlideteco he feels that South Carolina will not at.
tempt by violence to obtain poseuesion of the public
works or Interline with their occupancy.
" But as the counsel and acts of rash and impulsive
persons may possibly disappoint those expectations of
the tlovernment. he doomed it proper that you should
be prepared, with instructions, to loot so unhappy a
contingency. Ito has, therefore, ilireetod mo verbally
to give you such Instructions,
4
" You aro carefully to avoid every act which would
needlessly tend-to provoko,aggreseion, and for that rea
son you are not, without necessity, to tako up any po•
sitting which could be construed Into the assumption of
a hostile altitude; but you urn to hold posessiottof the
forte in this Intebor, and If attacked you are to dolbud
yourself to the last extremity.
"Tho smallness of your fon e mill not pursuit you, per
haps, to occupy niece than one el t h e three forte, but
an attack on, or attempt to take poeseselon of either of
them trill bo regarded as an net of hostility, and you
may them pnt your command into either of them which
"you may deans most proper, to Increase Bs power of re
sistance. Ypu :male° authorized to take similar steps
whenever you have tangible uptlenco of a design to pro.
coed to IL hostile act. D, P. BUTLER,
" Aesistatit, Adjutant Dotterel,
"FOOT klouvrttic, South Carolina, Dee. It, 1800."
This 'silt comformity with my Inetructlons to Major
Buell. Joux 11. nun),
These ‘ were the last instructions transmitted
to Major Andereon before his rviiiiahl to Fort
Sumter, with a single exception, in regard to
a particular which doesqlot in any degree af
fect the present question. Under these Mr.
ctunstances, it is clear that Major Anderson
acted
„ upon his own responsibility and without
ohtlifirity, unless, indeed, ho had "tangible
evidence of a design to proceed to a hostile
act" on the part of the authorities of South
Carolina, which` has' not been alleged. Still
lie is a bravo and honorable officer, and jue
tics requires that he should not be condemned
without ,a fair hearing.
Be this as it may, when]. learned that Maj.
Anderson had left Fort Moultrie and proceed
ed tO.Fort Sumter, my first promptings were
to command him to return to his former posi.
Bon, and there to await the contingencies pre.
sented in his instructions. This would only
have'boen done, with any degree , of safety to
the conimatid, by the ooncurence 'of the South
Carolina authorities.-vddut before any steps
could possibly have been taken in this direc.
tied: we received, information thatihe ."Pal
motto flag floated out to the 'breeze at Castle
Pickney,zind a large military foece went over
last night (the 27th) to Fort Moultrie." '.
Thug, the authorities of South Carolina;
without Waiting •or asking for any oxplann- -
tions and doubtless, believing as you have
expressed it; that the officer bad "acted not'
only without; •but againsCloy orders, on the
very next day after the night when, the remb
vnl was made, seized by a military foroe,:two
of the three Federal forts in the harbor of
Charleston, and have covered them under their
own Sag, instead ,of that,of the United . Slates.:
At this glaorpyiperiod of our history, startling
eventit'suconed each other rapidly.
't d Very (MY, the 27th: ins t.
goo of then two forts wds taken, Palinetto
CARLISLE, PA., FRIDAY, JANUARY 18, 1861.
flog wasimised over the Eederal Custom louse
and*Post Office in Charleston. and on thous=
day every officer of the' Custonis , —Collector,
Naval Offider; Surveyos o 'and Appraiser—re
signed their offices. An&this, although it
I was well known froiii the language of my
Message,that, afran Officer, I felt
myself bound to collecit the revenue at the port
of Charleston under the, existing laws. In
the harbor of. Charlesteh we now find three
forts confronting each othbr, over all of which
the Federal flag, floated dilly four days ago;
but now,
,ovirr two of thorn this flag has been
eripplonted, and the Palmetto flag has been
'substituted in its stead
It is under all -these. circumstances •that
am urged iternettiately to withdraw the troops
from the harbor of Charleston, and 'am inform
ed that without this negOttntion' is impossible.
This I cannot do; this ,notsde. 'Such
an idea was never
. thought of by me in any
possible. iontingenoy. No allusion bad been
made in any communication between myself."
and any human being. Tfut the inference is
that I ant bound to withdraw the• troops from
the only fort remaining iii tbki possession of
the United,States in the harbor of Charleston,
becauie officer there in command of all
the forts thought proper, without instructions,
to change his position frem ono of them to
another.
At, this point of writing el have received in
formation by lelegraphfroth Capt. Iluinphreys
in command of the Arsonlihtt Charleston, that
..it has to-day '(Sunday, flip maid been taken
by force of mig.."- It is Istimated that the
munitibns of war belonging to the United
States in this Areenar,iire Worth half k a million
_ .
of dollars.
Comment is needless. After this informa.
Lion, I have only to add, that whilst it is my
duty to def,nd Fort Sumter,. as a portion of
the public' property, of the United States,
against hostile attacks, from whatever quarter
they' , may come, by such means as I may pos
sess for this purpose,• I Jo; not :perceive how
such a defence can be construed into a menace
against the.city of Charleston.
With great personal regard, I remain yours,
very respectfully, JAMES BUCHANAN.
• To Meliorable Robert W. Iltirnwell, James
U. Adams, James L. Orr.
WARIIINGTON, D. C., January 1, 1861.
Sir -.lVe have the honor to acknowledge the
receipt of your letter of the 30th December,
in reply to a note addressed by us to you on
the 28th-of the same 6iotith 9 :ao'CommissionCrs
from South Carolina.
In refoßince to the declaiationli which
your reply commences, that your "position
as President of the United States was clearly,
defined in the Message to Congress on the 3d
instant;"-that you possess"no power to
change the relations heretdore existing" be
tween South Carolina and Cho States„" much
fess to acknowledge the independence of that
State," and that consequently. you could meet
us only as private gentlemen of the highest
character, with an entire willingness to com
municate to Congress any preposition we might
have to malie,'.! we deem it only necessary to
say that.thoiState of South Carolina having,
in the exercise of that greatiright of self-gov
ernment which underlies all• our political or
ganizations, declared herself sovereign and
independent; we, as her representatives, felt
no special solicitude as to tho character in
which you might recogn4e
Satisfied that the State. id simply exer
cised her unquestionabfia right, we were pro•
pared, in order to reach substantial good, to
waive the formal considerations which your
constitutional scruples might hive prevented
you front extending. We came here, there
fore, expecting to be received as you did re
ceive us, and perfectly content with thnt en
tire willingness, of which you assured us, to
submit any proposition to Congress. which we
might have to make upon the subject of the
Independence of the State. That willingness
was ample recognition of the condition of pub.
lie allitirs *Melt rendered our presence, noces•
ears. this position, hOwever, it is our duty.
both to the State which we represent and to
ourselves, to correct several important ais•
conceptions of our letter, into which you have
,
You say "it was my earnest desire that, such
a disposition should be made of the whole sub
ject by Congress, who alone possess the power
to prevent the inauguration of a civil war be
tween the parties in regard to the possession
of the Federal forts in the harbor of Charles,
ton, anti I therefore deeply regret that, in
your opinion, 'the .events of the last twenty
four hours render this impossible.'" We ex•
pressed no such opinion, and the language
which you quote as ours is , altered in its sense
by the omission of 'a most important part of
the sentence. What wo did say was: ''But
the events of the lest twenty•four hours ren
der :such °an assurance impossible." Place
that"assuranee" as contained in our letter
in the Sentence, and we aro prepared to re•
peat it.
Again, professing to quote our language,
you say:—.rlts,. the authorities of South,
Carolina, without waiting.er asking any ex•
planation, and, doubtless believing, as you
have expressed it, that the officer had acted
not only without, but against my orders," &e.
—We expressed no such opinion in reference
to the belief of the people of South Carolina.
Tho language which .you have quoted was
applied solely and entirely to our assurances,
obtained hero, and based, as you well know,
upon your own declaration, a declaration
which, at that time, it was impossible for the
authorities of South Carolina to have known.
But, without following this letter into all de
tails, we propose only to meet the chief points
of the argument., .' . .
Some weeks ago the State of South Carolina
deolarod her intention, in the existing condi
tion of public affairs, to secede front the United
States. She calleda donvontlon of her peo.
pie to put her doctor tion in force. The Con
vention met and p pit the 'Ordinanco of So
li
cession. All. thiou anticipated, and your
course of action thoroughly considered.
In your annual Me ago you declared you had
no right, rind would not attempt to coerce a
seceding. State, but that •you were bound by
your Constitutional oath, and would defend
the property of the United States within the
borders of South Carolina, if au attempt was
made to take it by force.
Seeing very early that this question of pro•
perty was a difficult and delicate one, you
manifested a desire to settle itwilhout collision,
You did not reinforce the garrison in the har
bor of Charleston. You removed a distill
gui,thed and veteran ofliaer - from the command
of Fort Moultrie - because he attempted to in
crease his supply of ammunition. You refused
to send additional troops to the same,garrison,
When tipplied, for by the; officer appointed to
succeed him. You accepted the resignation
of the oldest and. most. eminent members of
your Cabinet,. rather than allow the garrison
1 to bo strengthened. You compelled an Officer
stationed at Fort Sumter to returnimmediately ,I
to the Arsenal forty muskets, .which he had
. 1
taken to arm his men. You.expressed, not to
one, but to many.of the•most• distinguished of
our public cbaraotere, whose :testimOny will
be placed upon the record, whenever it is no-•
cessary, your .anxiety for a peaceful termina
tion of this controversy, and your willingness
not to disturb the military statSl of the forts
if Commissioners • should be• bent to the tlov
crnment, whose communications you promised
to:submit' to Congress. • ' :. : , • -
. You received and anted on assurances from
the highest official.authorlties of South. Carct;•
lina that•no attempt would be made to disturb
your possession of the forts anti properly of the
United Statetrif you -would not disturb their
existing condition until the Commissioners had
been• stint, and the attempt •to:negotinte had
tailed. • You• took from We t.nombers , of the
House , of •Itepresentativea a-written.triemoran
dunr that, no snob attemptaihoula tint =do);
"Secretary of War."
• Ppreviiridlffet no reinforcements shall boaent
• into thcte,Thrts and their relative military
status elfadl remain as at present." And
though you attach no force to the acceptance,
of such a paper—although you "considered it
as nothing more in effect than the promise of .
highly honorable gentlemen," as an obligation
on one side without a corresponding obligation
on the other,. it must be remembered (if,wo
are rightly informed) that you were pledged,
if you ever did send reinforcements, to return
it to those from whom you had received it be
fore you executed your resolution..
You sent orders to your officers command
ing them strictly to follow a line of conduct
in conformitA with such an understanding. •
Besides all this, yi'ou had received formal and
official. notite • from the Governor of •South
Carolina that we had been appointed CoMmis
sioners; and'wero on our way to Washington.
You knew the implied condition under which.
we came; our arrival was notified to you, ant-'
•
an hour appointed for an interview. We ar
rived in^Washington en Wednesday at. three
o'clock, and yeti appointed an interview with
us at one 'the next 'day. Early on that day,
(Thursday) the news was received here of the
movement of Maj. Anderson. •,That news wad
communicated to you immedialtly, and You
postponed our meeting until half-past two
clock on Friday, iu order that you might co4s
suit your Cabinet. On Friday we saw you,
and we called upon you the to redeem your
pledge. You could not dqy it. With the
foots we have stated, and in the face of the
crowning and conclusive fact that your Sec- •
retary at War had resigned his seat in the
• Cabinet, upon the • publicly avowed ground
that the action of Maj. Anderson bad violated
the pledged faith of the Gmernment, and that
unless the pledge was inst hotly redeemed ho
was dishonered, denial was impossible.
You do not deny it now, but you seek to
escape front its obligations on the grounds:.
let. That •we terminated all negotiation by
deManding, es a preliminary, the withdrawal
of the United States troops front the harbor . of
'Charleston; and 2d. That the authorities of
South .Carolina, instead of asking explana
tion, and giving-you the opportunity to vindiL'
cate yourself, took possession of other property
of the United States. We will examine both.
In the first place; we deny positively that, we
have ever, in any way, Made any such demand.
Our-letter is in your possession ; it will stand
by this on record. In it we inform you of the
object of our mission. Wo say that it would
I have been our duty to have assured you of our
readines to commence negotiations, with the
most earnest desire to settle all questions be
, tween us amicably and to our Mutual advan-
tage, but that events had rendered that assur
ance impossible. Wo stated the events, and
we said that, until some satisfactory explain).-
-lion of these events was given us; we could
not proceed, and then, having made this re
quest for explanation, ire added, "
conclusion, we would urge upon you the im
mediate withdrawal of the troops from - the
harbor of Charleston. Under present circum:
stances, they are a standing menace which
renders negotiation iMpossible," &o.
.• Under present circumstances ! " What-
circumstances? Why, clearly the occupation
of Fort Sumter and the dismantling of Fort
Moultrie by Major Anderson, in the face of
your pledges, and without explanation orprae
tical disavowal. And there is nothing in the
which would or' could have prevented
you from declining to withdraw the troops
and offering the restoration of the ztalus to
iwhieh you are pledged, if such had been your
'desire. It would have been wiser and better,
in our opinion, to have withdrawn the.' roops;
a'id this opinion we urged upon you., but wo
demanded nothing hut 'such an explanation of
of tire events of the last twenty-four hours as
would restore our confidence in the-spirit with
Which the negotiations should be conducted.
In relation to this withdrawal of (lie troops.
from the harbor, we are compelled, however
to notice one passage of your letter. 'Referring
to it you say; "This I cannot do. This I will
not do. Such an idea was never thought of
by me in apy .possible contingency. No allu
sion to it bad ever been made in any commu
nication between myself and any human
being." '
In reply to this statement we aro compelled
to soy that your conversation with us left
upon our minds the distinct impression that
you did seriously contemplate the withdrawal
of the troops from Charleston harbor. And in
support of this impression we would add, that
we have the positive assurance of gentlemen
of the highest possible public reputation and
the most unsullied integrity- men whose names
and fame, secured by long service and patriotic
aeldeventent, place their testimony beyond'
cavil—that such suggestions had been made
to and urged upon you by them, and had form.'
ed the subject of more than nice earnest dis
cussion with you. And it was this. acknowledge
ment that induced pp to urge upon you a policy
which had, to -recommend it, its own wisdom,
and the weight of such authoriy.
As to the second. point, that the authorities
of South Carolina. instead of asking explana
tions and giving you tiro opportunity to vindi
cute yourslf, took possession of other property
of the United States..we woffid observe, first,
that even 'if this were so, it does not avail you.
for defence, for the opportunity for discussion
was afforded you before these facts occurred.
We arrived in Washington on Wednesday.—
The news from Major Anderson reached hero
early on Thursday, and was immediately com
municated to you. All that day men of the'
highest`considerntion—mon who had striven
successfully to lift yon' to yore• great office— .
who had been your tried and true friends
through the troubles of your Administration,
sought you, and entreated yon.to net, at once.
They told you that every hone complicated
your possition. They only asked you to give
the assturanee - that if the facts were so—that
if the Commander had acted without and a-
gninst,your orders, and in violation of your
pledges—that you would' restore the status
you had pledged your honor to maintain. You
refused to deoide. Your Secretary 'of War—
your immediate and proper advisor in this
whole matter—waited anxiously for your
decision until he felt that delay was becoming
dishonor.
More than twelve hours passed, and two
Cabinet meetings had adjourned, before you
knew what the authorities'of South Carolina
had done, and your prompt decision at any,
moment.of that time would have avoided the
subsequent. complications. But if you had
known the eels of the authorities of South
Carolina, should . that have' prevented your
keeping your faith? What was the condition
of things ? For the last sixty days you have
had in Charleston harbor not force enough to
hold the forts against an equal enemy. TWo
of them were empty; one of those, too, the
most important in the harbor. It could have
boon taken' at any time. You ought to know
better than any mawthat it would have been
taken but for the efforts of those who put their
trust in your bonOr. -Jp
Believing that they were threatened by Fort
Sumpter especially, the people were with dif
ficulty restrained from securing without blood,
the possession of this important fortress. =
After many. and reiterated assorances given
on your behalf, which we cannot believe un
authorized, they determined to forbear, and in
gced fadh'sent on their Commissioners to ne
gotiate with you. They meant you no harm ;*
wished you no ill. They thought of you kindly;
bplieved,you true; and were willing, as,far as
wis consistent with duty, to spare you mince
vagary and hostile collision. Scarcely had
their Commissioners left than Major Anderson
waged war; 'No - otber words will describe bis
it au 'hot a - peneeful-ohongo . froth one fort
to another; it wee a.liostito not in the highest
aenao." and or'y , juslified thepreseneo of a
superior enemy and in imminent peril. - tie
abandoned his position,' spiked the guns:.
burned the gunmarriages, made preparations
for the destruction,of his post, and wilhdreii
finder cover of the night t'o'e safer positirn.—
This was. war. No man could have believed
(without your assurance) Pat any officer could
have taken such a step, "not 'only without
orders, but against orders." 'Whrit.the 'State
did was in simplelself defence; for' this act,
With all its attending circumstances, was as
much war as firing a volley ; and, war being
thus began, until those commencing it explain
ed their action and disavtAved their intention;
there was no room for delay, and even at Pis
moment., while we are writing, it is more pan
probable from tho tenor of your letter,' that
reinforcements are hurrying into the conflict,
so that when the first gun shall be fired, there
will have; been on your part one. continuous
consistent series of nations commencing in a
demonstration essentially warlike, supported
by regular reinforcements; and terminating in
defeat or victory. And all this without the
elightest.provocation ; for, among the 'ninny
things which you have said, there is ono thing
you cannot say—you have waited anxiously
for news from the scatmf war, in hopes that
delay would furnish some excuse fur this pre
cipitation,
But this "tangible evidence of a design tb
proceed to 'a 'hostile act on Po part of the
authorities of South Carolina," which is the
only justification of Major Anderson, you are
forced to admit has not yet boon alleged."—
But decided. ..'You have resolved to
hold by force what you have obtained through'
our misplaced confidence, and, by;refusing to
disavow the action of Major Anderson, have
converted his whole violation .of orders into.a
legitimate net of your Executive authority.
Bo the issue what it may, of this we are as
sured, that if Fort Moultrie has been recorded
in history as a memorial of Carolina gallantry,
Fort Sumpter will live upon tha , ,tucceeditsg
page as au imperishablelestimony or• Carolina
faith.
By your course you have probably rendered
civil war inevitable. Bo it so. If you choose
to force this issue upon us, the State of South
Carolina willacceN..and relyivg on tlim
who is the God of Justice as well as' the God
of Hosts, will• endeavor to perform the great
duty which lies before her, hopefully, bravely
an kt hprou gh ly.
Ogi• mission being ono for negotiation and
peace; end your note leaving us without hope
tff alivithdrawal of the troops from Fort Sum•
ter, or of the-restoration of the .16tret$ 'inn ex:
istingat the time of our arrival, and hal:noting,
115 we thing, your determination to reinforce
the pirrison in the ]arbor• of Charleston, wo
respectfully inform you that we —prop9se re:
turning to Charleston to-morrow afternoon.
We have the honor to be, sir, Very respect
fully, your obedient servants,.
W. Boaxwem„
J. 11. Anoms, Commissioners.
Jones f,. Ono,
To his Excellency, the President of the United
States.
The following was the eyolorsement Mt the
roper
ExEconVil niNsioN, 3 o'clock
This paper just presented le - tins President,
is of such a character that he declines to re
ceive it.
How Some eit the Southern States are
Injured by tbd pnion. '
It has been shown that the defloietic'y every
, ear in the Cotton States, in the matter of
'ost Office revenues, amounts to over a toil
ion of dollars.
. ,
Ifere is another item. ' By acts of Congress
passed in the years 1856 and 1857, grants of
land were mode to the following States to end
in the construction of railroads, viz.
Alabama, - - 1,80, .15 acres,
Florida, - - 1,759,150 "
Louisiana, .- - 995,845 "
- - 111,550 "
Every one of these Stales oaj•es its whole ez•
isteir`ce to the great c,onfederSey which' each is
now 'seeking to destroy; they were formed
of Torritroy belonging to thd Union, protected
by its army and navy, nurturiA by its revenues,
furnished with postal, light-house and other
facilities wide!' they could not,otherwise have
enjoyed, and fed with population by emigrants
from the rest of the Union. For one-of these
States, Florada, we have the following-little
account: •
The United States paid to Spain
for the territory of Florida, (one- •
third of which hod been pre
vioUsly,granted to individuals by
the Spanish government,) $5,000,009
The cost of the Florida war, and
the final removal of the'Sentio
- oles exceed
The number of commissioned of
ficers of the regular army killed
after the commencement. of hos
tilities, 22
Officers who died in Florida and
elsewhere, of diseases contracted
in the Semituile campaigns, 90
And'there were wounded, 19
• Malting an aggregate of 81 officers
The number of mea-killett in bat.
tic from U. S. Army, Navy and
Marine Corps, 220
And the number wounded by the
Indians, - , 830
The mortality among our regular
troops from exposure and dis
eases of the climate cannot be ex
actly stnted, but it'is believed the '
number that has fellow exceeds 1200
In the'foregoing, itavill be perceived that
militia and volunteers are not talien into
the account, of whom, however, upward•
25,000 were engaged in that war. mirr
of troops, from' various causes, bleier greater
mortality than the United States army. Au
accurate list of their dead would add hundreds,
if not thousands, to those already mimed."
- Florida now proposes to go out of din Union
without paying a dollar of thbidebt, or assum
ing a cent.of the national debt. We ha•re no
doubt that it would be economical for us to let
her go even on such terms ; • but (ho State
belongs to the Union, and not to the few plant
era and squatters occupying it. For good or
For evil its lot is in the confederacy, and (hero
it must remain. Now, as regards the wrongs
of Texas. a correspondent of the Now Orleans
Picayune sots them forth so concisely that we
avail ourselves of his work:
"In 1845, when Texas was annexed to the
Union, she owed u debt of $11,050,201. 'Sub
sequently the United .States paid her $lO,OOO
000 for her Santa Fe territory, besides assum
ing her public debt. Of the sum paid her,
$2,000,000 were set apart as a school fund;
which is now loaned to her railroads at the:
rate of $OOOO per mile, an operation that has'
been of immense advent tip'? .to her iniltiotry
Will population. • The government has 'a line
offnilitary poets all along the frontier of tho
State, and buys a trillion dollars' worth annual
ly of the produce of the citizons,bosides paying
$60.000 for collecting its revenues. In 1857-8
it paid for mail services more than it received,
$518,914, and in 185940 $020,000 more.—
Besides all this, it engaged in a dishonorable
War to protect her against Mexico, which cost
the lives of 25,000 braXe men, and $lOO,OOO,
000: Since 1847 IteXpopulation has increased'
from 148,320.10482,070. Those are the wrongs
Texas has received from,the . Union, • and for '
which she has resolved to dest roYlt 1" • •
Ilavingliciught Tekiiii•li„V` gold and blood so
dearly,• we musto.of course, allow her present
sparse population, Tibial!. is less than that.cf
Lihiladelphin.olone, to, march, out of the Urtlen,
with our 0,01(1.16'16i' and 'bite sous
buried in her soil. . . • ' I
11 50 per annum In advaneo
($2 00 if not paid In advance
.11tESIDENT , 8 DIE)3BAGE.
The Speaker laid before the Ho . use a mes
sage from the President of the United States:
Ho says: '
To the Senate and Home' of Repreeentativea
At the opening of•your present seselon•l
called your attention to the dangers which
threatened the existence of the Union. L ox
pressed my opinion freely concerning the
ginel,causes of those dangers, and 'recommen
ded.sueh measures as I believe would have the•
effectof tranquiliiing the country, and saving
it from the peril in which it had been needless
ly and most unfortunately inyolved.. -
These opinions and recommendations T. do.,
not now propose to repeat. My own convic
tions upon the whole slibject remain unarm:
god. The fact that a great calamity was im
pending over the nation was even - at that time
acknowledged by every intelligent citizen. It
had already made itself felt throughout the
length and breath of the land. The necessary'
consequence of the Marta Gins produced wore
most deplorable—imports fell off with a ra
pidity never known.before, except in time of
war, in the history of our foreign commerce;
the' treasury': was ,unexpecte.dly left without,
Means which Kited reasonably t °panted upon
to meet the public engagements; trade was
paralyzed; manufactures were stopped; the
best public securities, suddenly sunk in the
market; every specie of property depreciated
more or less, and thousands of poor Inn, who
depended upon their daily labor for their daily.
breltd, were turned out of employment.
I deeply regret that..,l am not able to give
you any information upon the State of the
Union which is more satisfactory Ginn what I -
was then obliged to communicate. On the con
tr,u•y, matters are still worse at present than
they then were, ' When Congress met, strong
hopes pervaded the ivhole public mind that
some amicable adjustment of the subject would
speedily be made by the representatives of the
States and of the people which might restore
pence between conflicting sections of the coun
try. That hope has been diminished by every
hour of delay, and as the prospect of a blood
less settlement fades away, public distress be
comes more-cud more aggravated. •
As an evidence of this, it is only necessary
to say that the Treasury notes authorized by
the act of the 17th of December last were ad
vertised according to law, and that no respon
sible bidder offered to take any considerable
sum at par nt a lower rate • of interest than 12
per cent. From these facts it appears that in
it Government organized like ours, domestic
strife, or even a Nell grounded fear of civil
hostilities, is more- destructive to our public
rind private interests than a most formidable
civil war. •
In my Annual Message I expressed the con
viction, which I have long deliberately held,
and which recent reflection has only tended
to deepen and confirm, -that no State has a
right by its own act to secced from the Union
or to throw off its Federal obligations at plea
sure. I also declare my opinion to be that
even if that right existed, and should be oxer•
(fined by any State of the Confederacy, the
Executifie deportment of this governthent had
no authority under the Constitution to recog
nize its validity, by acknowledging the inde
pendence of such State.
!Ibis left me no other alternative, ne chief
Executive otlicer under the Constitution, but
to collect the public revenues and to protect
the public, property, so far as this might be
practicable under existing laws. This is atilt
my pprpose. My, province is to execute ,and
not, (o niake laws. It belongs to Congress ex
elusively to repeal, to modify, or to enlarge
their provisions to meet exigencies as they oc
cur. I possess no dispensing power. I cer
tainly had no right to make aggressive. war
upon any State, and I am perfectly satisfied
tint the Constitution has wisely withheld that
power oven from Congress. •
But.the right and duty to use military force
defensively against those who resist the Fede
ral officers in- lhe execution of theielegal tune=
lions, andagainst thosewho•assad the proffer
ty of the Federal - Government, is olear and
undeniable. But n dangerous and hostile' at
titude of States towards Vach other, has al
ready far traucended and cant in the shade
the ordinary Executive duties alrehdy provi
ded for bylaw, and hasassumed such vast and
alarming proportions as to place the subject
entirely above and beyond executive control.
The fact cannot be disguised that we are in
the midst of a great revolution in all its yard- .
ens bearings. Therefore, 'commend the ques
tion to Congress as the only human tribunal
under Providence, -possessing power to meet
the existing emergency. To them exclusillily
belongs the power, to declare waror to author
ize the employment of military force in all
cases contemplated by the Constitution ; and
they alone possess power to remove grievances
which might lead to war, and secure peace and
union Or; this distracted country. On them,
and on them alone rests thelffsponsibility.
The "Union is 'a l eaered finiah left by our
Revolutionary fathers to, their descendants,
and never did any other people inherit so rich
a legacy. It has rendered us prosperous in
peace and „triumphed in war. Our national
flag has floated in glory over every sea. Un
der its shadow American,citizens base found
protection and respect in all lands berieath
the San'. If .we "descend to considerations of
purely material interest, when, in the history
elf all time, has a confederacy beet bound to
gether' by such strong ties of mutual interest?
E.roli portion of it is dependent on all, and all
upon each portion, for,prosperity and domes
tic security. .
After setting forth the blessing conferred by
the United States ha says, should it perislfthe
calamity will be as severe in tho Southern as
in the Northern states. •
35,000,000
*40,000,000
The seees . siou moveraenttis chiefly made on
Dui apprehension as to the sentiments of a
ninjority in several of the Northern States.—:
Let the,questlon be transferred from a politl
-64l asseitiblylo ike ballot-box and the people
willredress their grievances.
In Ilettven's*:name let the trial be made be
fore we plunge into the assumption that there
is no alternative. Let us haVo reflection.—
Would that South Carolina had reflected!
Ito next appeals to Congress to say in their
might that the Union shall and must be pre
served by all Constitutional means.
lie reccommeuds Congress to devote them.'
selves to prompt action with a view to peace.
A division on the line of 80°dO' is suggested
as calculated to produce an adjustment.
Minis an imputation on members to say
that they will hesitate for one moment. -
The danger is upon us. In several of the
States, foils and arsenals have been seized by
aggressive acts. Congress should endevoe
to give these difficulties a peaceful solutiou.-'—
Ho states his reason why ho had heretofore
refrained frcm sending troops to Charleston
harbor, believing that this would furnish a
pretext if not a provocation on the part of
Sooth. Carolina for nets of aggression.
• iteforting to Major Anderson ho says:—
Tha Milner could not, 'before he loft Fort•
Moultrio, have held that post more than'4B to ,
GO hours. • • , ' •
The President concluded by saying:—He
had warned his country of danger. lie felt
thst the duty 13:1d been faithfully though im
perfectly peiformed.'__lie wni- conscious that
ho meant well for his country. : • -
SIIABP Stroonsa„-4. riolijeke is told of An
eccentric divine. - Who. while preaching 'one
evening: was somewhat annoyed by . one of the
feminine gender,' who after awhile arose:and;
walked tout. 0. There goes the Devil's (keel,
igr said be.. The lady turned around and
in, a polite manntirViolaitned,' "Good evening;' l ,
(other •: • , • .
Ouit wn.nts expand - with ottr.meana gPgrati
Cj Avid, It! tieldutxt .coutritot with thoio
NO. S.