. .
• ' • to. he Seattle, by net they were 'ratified on
the 3d March.. 1859. The ratifiedcopies,
.- however, did inicreach Shanghai tin , t:l after
the departure of our minister to Peking, and
these Conventions odafcraot s therelsre s he
exchanged at tliestamdiane with thetirinci•
pal treaty. • No doubt is entertained that
they will, be ratifiatt awl - exchanged by
.the
-• •
Chinesergovertiinent, sliciald this be thought
advisable; but, itzler the circumstances
• • presented, I shall Consider them binding en
. ~ gags:loons§ from their date on both parties,'
and cause them (olio published us such for.
- the information and guidance Of our
tier
chants trading with the Chinese 'Empire. •
It afford; me inn ch satisfaction to inform
' you that all our difficulties with the republic.
of Paraguay bade been satisfactorily adjusted
It happily did. tot •dsecome necessary to em:.
• ~, ploy 'she force far thispurpose which . Con•
.
grass hiuf pla c ed at my command, under
• their joint resolution of 2d Jotte,,lBsBs - sOri
-the contrary, the President of 'that Republic,
' • in a friendly : spirit, acceded • promptly to the
just and reasonable denmails of the Goveirt
.
meet of the United States. Our Commis
skitter arrived at Assumption, the capital of
the rePublic, on the 25th of January, 1859,
' • andleft on the. 17th of Fithruary, having in
three weeks ably and stoicessially accom
plishetl all the objects of his mission. The
treaties which .he has conelffiled will be am."
Mediatelyi submitted to the Senate.
„lathe view that the employment of other
.than peaceful means might become
nary to obtain lust satisfaction!' from - Para- -
• • quay. a strong naval force - was concentrated
in the waters of She La Plata to await con
tingencies, Whilst our commissioner ascended
the rivers to Assumption. • The Navy- De•
• partm'Cnt is entitled to great credit for the
promptness, efficiency, and economy with
which this expedition was fitted out and Comm.
ducted. It consiSted of nineteen armed ves
• eels, great and small; carrying 200 guns -and
2,500 men, all -tinder. the command of the
veteran and gallant Shubrick: The entire
expenses of the expedition have been de
. frayed out of the, ordinary appropriations for
• • the naval service, except the sum of -$289,-
, -- 000 - rappliedrto the purchnse-of seven - of the
_ steamers, constituting a part of it, under the
authority of the naval appropriation net of
the 3dof March last.-- It is believed that these
steamers am worth more than their cost, and
- they are - all now usefully. and actively em
ployed-in it, have had a happy effect in favor
of our country throughout • all that remote
portion of the world. -
, Dir. relations with_the grleat _empires of
- ;France and Ressia,'as well as with 'all other
governments on The continent of Europe, tin
-- less we nay except that of Spain, happily
continue to be of the most friendly character.
In my last annual
,dressage, I presented a
Statement of the ansatisfactery sondition of
our relations with Spain; and 1 regret to say
that this is not materially improved.. With
out special reference to other claims, even
. • the "Cuban the payment of whiCh
. has heel' ably urged by cr ministers, and in
which more that) a liuritlreds,of, our citizens
are directly interested, remain unsatisfied, .
.notwithstanding bOth their justice and their
amount ($128,035 54) hail been recognised
and ascertained by. tine Spanish government
. itself.' . •
• - I again recommend that an appropriation .
• - be made "to he paid to the Spanish govern- '
ment for, the_ purpose of distributislo among
the claimants in the - Armistad case.". La
common with two of. my.predecessors, I en•
tertain no doubt that this is required by our -
' treaty with Spain of 27th of •Uctober, 1795:
' The failure-to discharge this obligation has
beet) employed by the cabinet of !Madrid as
a - reason against the settlement of our claims.
I need not repeat_ tbe arguments:Which I
urged iii my last annual- message_in favor of
- the acquisition of Cuba by fair purchase. My
opinions on that measure remain totehanged.
I,lherefore, again call the serious attention
of Congress to this important subject. With
out a recognition of this policy on their part,
it will be almost impossible to. institute ne
gotiations with any reasonable prospect of
success. •
Until a recent period there was good rear
eon to believe that 1 should be able to an
nounce to you onthe present occasion, thut.
our difficulties with Great Britain, arising out
of the Clayton and Bulwer treaty, had been
finally adjusted insmanner alike honorable
and satisfactory to both parties. From causes,
however, which the British government had
not anticipated, they have not yet completed'
treaty arrangements with the republics Of
Honduras and- Nicaragua, in pursuance of
the understanding between the two govern
- merits. `sit is, nevertheless, confidently ex
pected that this good work will ere long be
accomplished.
Whilst -indulging the hope that no oche
subject remained ivhich could disturb the
good understanding between the two coun
tries, the question arising out of the adverse
claims of the parties to the Bland of San
Juan, under the Oregontreaty of the 15th of-
June, 1846 s uddenly assumed a threatening
prominence' In order to prevent unfortus
nate collisions on that remote frontier, the
- late Secretary of State, on the 17th of July,
1855, addressed a note to Mr. Crampton, then
British Minister at Washington, communi
cating to him a copy of the instructions
which he [Mr. Marcy] mad given, on the 14th
• July, to Gov. Stevens, of Washington'Terri
tory, having a special reference to au "
pretended conflict between our citizens and
the British subjects ho the -Island of San
Juan." To prevent this, the governor was
instructed'" that the officers of the Territory
should abstain from all acts on the disputed
grounds which are calculated to provoke any .
conflicts,so far as it can be doge without im
plying the 'concession to the authorities of
. Great Britain of an excbssive right over the
premises. The title might to be settled be
fore either party should attempt tsi _exclude
the other by force, or exercise complete and
exclusive sovereign rights within the fairly
disputed - • . •
In acknowledging the receipt, on the next .
day, of Mr. Marey'S note, the British minister
expressed his entire concurrence "in the
propriety of the course recommended to the
. governor of Washington Teritltory by your
.[Mr. Marcy's] -instructions to that officer,"
- and atating thrill) had "lost no time in trans..
mitting a copy of that document to the gov
ernor-gineral of British North America ;"
and had "earnestly recommended to his Ex.
cellency to take such measures as to him
may appear best calculated - to secure, on the
part of the British local authorities and thew
Inhabitants of the neighborhood of the lino
in,question, the exercise.of the same spirit
of forbearance . which is inculcated by you
[Mr. Marcy] on the authorities and citizens
of the United States."
Thus matters remai n ed upon the faith of this
arrangement until the 9th of July last, when
Gen. Harney;-paid a visit to the Island.. He
found upon it - twenty-five American residents
with families s and also an. establishment of
the Hudson's Bay Company for thepurpose
of raising sheep. A short time before his
arrival one of these residents hid diet an ani
mal ••belonging to the - cometany, while tres•
passing upon his premisei, for which, how
ever, he offered to pay twice k its value ;'-but '
that' was -refueed. goon after, ".the chief
factor of the company at Victoria, Mr. Dal•
lot!, son-itclaW of Governor Douglas, came to -
the Island in the British' sloop-of-war Satel
it; and threatened to take this American
(Mr. - Cutler) by force ,to Victoria, to answer
for the' trespass he had •cotomitta The
Atherican seized his rifle and told Mr. Defies
if any such attempt was made-he would kill, s
hies on-the spot. The affair then ended."
Under these clreuinstanoes, the American •
settlers presented a petiticin to the Geherfil,
'"throitgh the United States inspector-of cue.
tomrs:Mr. Hubbs,•to place a force upon the
ishsndlo:protectsthem from the Indians as
yselhas the: oppressive interference of the
authorities of the fludetin Bay Cotripany nt
Victoria witli tin American
citj-
Sons.' • The General inimediately, responded,.
to this petition; and Captain George
I E. Pickett; 9th infantry ; " to establish his
company-on Bellevue t or
,San Juan „
on some suitable 'pedition nenr-the harbor
the southeastern extremity. , This - order was
prompptly obeyecind a military post .Was
establiShed at the detfignateit ,The
force Was - aftervtaide increased"; 'So'• that lay,
the hut tetiirrf the whole
• • .0
their On the island amounted in the "aggro. suits milleie either party.i. , :a foreigner. •••Ves:
gate to 691•Ineti. . . -(--- eels of the United States he se been seized
• Witilse.Tollb not deem.itPOirer on the without law, and a cell:niter ofliaer, who pro
preseet 4,ecasion to go further into the sub- tested•against . such spiziire hoe been fined and
tect, tinVeliticiiTs the weight'. which ought to -imprisoned. for disrespect to the authorities.
Military conyributions, have `beet levied in
be tittriched to the Statements iif the: British
violation of every principle of right, and 'tire
colonial authririties, coetestidg the accuracy
A merlon sistedlawless demand,
(trifle iefiirmation on sthich,the gallant Gen- has hind his propetty forcibly teken itway, and
eralrieted, it, was due 'td.liiin that IShotild
0 1
t as tier
. 4iiteself banished; • From a'coeffict
thus present his Own reasons, for issuing the
ott, a . ut authority in different parts of the country,.
aide to Oatitain Pickett. From these it is — •
tariff duties Which have been paid in one place
quityt slearhis object was to prevent. the over , again another place.
lititisri authorities on Vancouver's island have been exacted
and Largenurnbeee of our'
gain in
aitizens have he en ar
from exereisiug jurisdiction•over American rooted and imprisoned withnut , any form of
resitlfints oft tit e Island ef.San Join, as well -esAmination or any opportunittfor a hedring,
as topretect them against the incursions of and even when released, heve only ofittyitied
the Indians. - , . , •-their liberty' after much euffering and iffjury,
.
Much, excitement prevailed for smile tithe and. without ally hope of radices. • The whole
throughout •that region,. find serious datigert , sele ntesnacre ots Crabbe and his aseocinfeel
of collision binween the parties was appre. Without trial, in Sonora, as well ns this seizure
headed: The British had a large navel three of four sick Ainerieans..who had taken shot-.
iii' the vicinity; and it-is but nu act of simple ter in the bowie. of-an 'American, epee-Din
soil of the United States, was conffnunicated
justice to the admiral on that station to state
• it
dint he wisely aml disCreetly forbore to tomete Congress at its last session. Murders of
S
mil flay hostile net bin, determined to refer still more atrocious character lines been coin.
mitteddin the very heart. of Mexico, tinder the
ilte. whole affair to 'his govertiment and myth
their in s tructi o ns.
• . authority of Miramon's
~ o f these
.were only
government, during
• This . nslieci of the tnatter, in trig opinion ' -
demanded serious attention. ' It would have' the present year. Somm•,
worthy 'of a barbarous age, and, if they had•
niebeen clearly proven, would lima seemed
;seen a great ealainity-for both nations. hall '
Of uhf
t a t
r e i o d u t titry which claims to bo
they (teen precipitated into acts . of hostility c il i i „ l P,(l B 7 , s e i d i'le
not on the question-of
rwoafs a t b e e n hy s t i l a t r a . l
Mar
merely concerning what-should b° its condi. Ames, of three American by order
who were
tiou• during' the ieterveniug period whilst the- seized in the hospital at Tacubaya, while at
two governments 'might be' employed je set., tending upon the sick and dying of both Par
•tling the question to in which ofthe it helongi, ties, and without trial, as' without crime. 'were
For this reason •Dieutenant General Scott hurried Away to speedy' execution. Little less
,was dispatched on the, 17th September 'last nhockiwg was the recent fate of Ormond Chase,
to Washington Territory to take immediate who was shotat,Tepie on ihe 71.11 of August,
command of the United:States forces on the by order •of thesame Mexican general, net
Pacific coast should he deem this necessary. only without a trial, but without any con*,
The main object of his. mission was to carry tore by Juts friends of the cause of his arrest.
out the spirit of the prec'autionitry arrange• Ho is represented as a young man of good .
meat between the late Secretary of State and character and intelligence, who had made nu
merous friends in Topic, by,the courage and
the British minister, and thus to preserve
the peace and prevent
prevent collision between 411 e humanity which he had dfs•played on several
British
in oons, and his death wee as unex-
British 'gild American authorities' Penang
tr
pec y ted g
as cC it asi was shocking to the whole cow
the negotiations bet Ween the two' govern• triunity. Other outrages mightbeenurnerated,
meats: Entertaining no doubt of the valid. but these are sufficient to illustrate the Weer.-
' ity of our title, I need scarcely add, that, in cited state of the country, and the unprotected
any - event, American citizens were to • be• condition of the persons snit property - of our
placed On a• looting at least as favorable as citizens in Mexico.
that of British subjects, it being understood .In all these -cases, our.ministers have been
that .captain.Pickett's - company - shoeld - rec constant and NOM" in their demands - tar•re=
main on.the island. It is proper to observe, I dress, but 'both they and this Government,
that considering the distance from the se - cane ' which they have spccessivcly represented,
of action, and in ignorance of what. might have been wholly pewerlese to make their de:
have transpired on the spot before the Gene ,ma nds effective. Their testimony, in 'hie re•
ral's arrival, it was necessary to leave `much I speed, and in reference' to. the• only remedy
to his discretion, and _I am_happy to stateihe j wllich, in their judkinents,,yould meet the
event has proven that this discretion conld lexigency.. has been bath unifotm and . emplia•
not have berfa ontrastett to more coapetent the. ..Nothing but a manifestation of the.
power of the Government of the United States
hands; 'General Scdtt fins recently Leturned i
(wrote our 'lnto minister in,1856,) and of its•
from his mission, having'siiecessfully actllttn• I
purpose to punish these Wrongs, will avail 1
plished its objects, and there is no longer I 6i. • • •
a l esure you - that the universal ela ftete is,
any good reason to apprehettifiCcollision be. I'
t l at theta is nothing to be apprehended from
tween the forces of the two countries during
rt l i te . ? overet t i r ictit i ef the. United Snites, And local
the pendency of the existinghegotiations.
I regret to inform yeu that there has been upon e c , a t n itte o rt i c o a i n a s c i
l e t a z n en c s o w m i n t f l i t t
a t tease
l e:li t c ut off es
no improvement in the affairs of -Mexieo mty." "1 hope - the President," (wrote l el;
since my last annual ineSsage, and I null present minister •in August last) "will feel
obliged to - ask the earnest attention of Cote , authorized to ask frotn• Congress the powe to
greys to the unhappy condition of that re.: entee Mexico with the military forces of the
public. '.. • United States, at thecall of the constitutionar
. Theconstitueet Congress of Mexico, which authorities, - iu order to protect' the citizens
'adjourned Oil the 17th' of February, 1857. • and the treaty rights of the United States.—
athipTed aconstitution and provided . . fin' a Unless suelea power is conferred upon !dm,
popular. election, 'Phis took place in the neither the one nor Ore other will be respect
following Jury, 0857,1 and General einem'• ed in the existing state of anarchy and diner,-
fort wow chosen 'President; almost• without . der, rind the outrages already perpetrated will
opposition. At the same election n new never be clnitieed; and, es I assured you in
Congress was chosen, whose first session cotn• ' -[thy No. 21, - all these evils must - increase until
menced 011 1111.; lint[ of September, [1857.] every vestige of order nud governtnent disap•
fir the constitution of 1857:the presidential pear* from the country." 1 have been reluct
term-was to begin• on the Ist of December,- antly led_ to the nanie,epinion, Apd.in justice
t ..
[1857.] and continue for Fouryears. On thato my countrymen, who have suffered wrongs
from Mexico, 'and who may still - suffer them,
day General Cementer[ appeared before the
I fool bound to' announce this conclusion' to
assembled Congress in the eity,of it.lexico, Con
took oath to suppost the new conetitutioe.. -ress.
and was duly inaugurated. ns President.— .
The case presented, however, is not merely
a case of individual claims, although our jiist.
Within 11;inetith afterwardshe had been dri•
claims against Mexico Inive reached a very
VCR from the capital, and a military rebellilon
Jorge enigma. Nor . is it merely the case of.
had assigned tile supreme power of theeie..
rotecttoh to.the lives nrul.property of the few
public to General Zuloaga. The.,constitution . P Ah ier j e ,,.„, w ho . „my atilt remain In Mexico
provided that ill.11.1)Sely of the President his although the life and property of every Arne:
.o . ffiee should devolve upon the Chief Justice Henn citizen ought to be sacredly protected
of the Supreme Conrt, and, Gen. Comonfoh• hi every quarter of the 'world. But it je II
having left the countfy, this fuuctionary, G.fte• ' question which relates to the future as well as
ehal Juarez, proceeded to form, at GuannjuP - TO - the present and the past, and which invol-,
atria, a constitutional government. Before vee, indirectly at least, the whole subject of
this was officially known, however, at the cap. our duty to Mexico as a neighboring State.—
1 ital, the gOlTlVlllieta of Zulonga had been re• The exercise of the power ct the United States
I cognised by the entire diplomatic corps, in. in that country to .redress the 'wrongs and
eluding 'the minister of the United States, as protect the-rights of our own.citizens in none
the de filet° government of Mexico. The the -less to be desired, because efficient and
constitutional •President, nevertheless, main- necessary aid .may thus be rendered at the
Witted hid' posilibn with firmness, 'and war ((erne time to restore peace and order to Mex
-30011 established with his cabinet at Vera ice Itself. its the 11°°°m P lishment. of ibi 't re *.
s
Cruz. ' Meanwhile, the government of Zuheult, the people of the United States must
ago was ,earnestly resisted in many parts of
necessarily feel a. deep and earnest interest.
•
Mexico ought to be a rich and prosperous and
the republic, and even in the capital, a por•
powerful republic. She possesses an exten
lion of the army,havieg pronounced against s'ive territory, a fertile soil, and in incalcula
it, its functions were declared terminated, and
ble shire of mineral wealth. She oecupienan
'an assembly of citizens was invited for the important position between the Gulf and the
choice' of a new President. This. as tibly, I ocean for transitroutes and for commerce. Is
elected General Miramon, but that off cer re• it possible that such a country as this can be
puointed the plan under which lawns chosen, - given up to anarchy and ruin without an effort
and Zulonga was thusrestorettloprevimepo- from any quarter for its rescue and its safety?'
sition. He assuuted it, only to withdraw froth i Will the commercial nations of the world,
it, atnd Miratnon, having' become, by his tip- I which have so many interests connected with
pointtnent, "l'eesident Substitine," continues, I it, remain wholly indifferent to such a result?
with that title, at the head of' the insergent, I Can the United States, especially, which ought
party- to share more largely in its commercial inter
course, allow their immediate neighbor thus
lu my last annual m'eseage I communicated
to Congress the circumstances under which to destroy itself and injure them? ' Yet, with
the.outs arter,
late minister of the United States stispen-
ble, inpport
percei fr o
ve h 'some qu ow Mexico can it
m resu c o l ssi-
er.
, (led Ilia official relations with the central goy-
Ii , posit ion among nations and enter upon 11 ea-
I ernment,
,end--withdrew from The country,
was impossible to maintain friendly intercourse reer which promises any good results. The
with a government., like that at the capital, old which she requires, and which the inter
'under whose usurped authority wrongs were
eats of all commercial countries
require n that
she should have, belongs to this Government
constantly committed but never redressed:e—
me
Had this, been an old established government, to render, net only by •iftee,of our neighbor
hood to itlex3:94,derig' Whose territt ry we
with its power extending, by the consent of
have a contitAibirOfrontier of nearly? thou
t
the people, over the whole of Mexico, a res
sold miles, but by virtue, also, of d• r eitab•
to hostilities against it would have been quite
netted policy, which is inconsistent with the
justifiable,
,and indeed necessary But the intervention-Of any European Power in the
country was a prey to cavil wart„ and it w i ns
domestic concerns of that republic. ~
hoped that the success of.the oonstitutionel
President might: load to a condition of things The . wrongs which we have suffered from
leas injurious to the United States. This sue- Mexico are before the world; and mid deeply
oess became so probable that, in January last, impress every Anierienn citizen. A govern.
I employed a reliable agent to visit Mexico, , meet which is 'either tine' le or unwilling to
and- report,to Inc flue actual condition mud redress such wrongs is derelict to its highest
.prospects of the contending parties. In eoo- duties. The difficulty consists in selecting
sequence of his report, and from information and enforcing the remedy. We may in vain
which reached me from other sources, favors- applYTo the constitutional government at Ye
ble to the prospects of the constitutional cause, ' ra Cruz,
although it is well disposed to do us
I felt justified In appointing a new minister to justice,' for adequate redress. Whilst its Au.
Mestico, who might embrace the earliest.suita- . titority is acknowledged in all.the important
ble opportunity of restoring our diplomatic Porti And.throughout the some-coasts Of the re
'relations 'with that republic. For this purpose, I public, its power does not extend to the city
a distinguished citizen of Maryland was select of Mexico and the States in its vicinity, where
ed; who proceeded on his mission on the Stir nearly all the recent outrages have been corn- '
of March last, with discretiOnary authority to mitted on American citizens. We inuet pane
recognize the government of President Juarez, trate into the interior before we can reach the
If on his arrival in Mexico he should find it offenders, and this eau only he done by. pas
entitled to such recognition; according to the sing through the
- territory in the occupation I
established practice of the United States. On of the Constitutional government. The most
the 7th of April following, Mr. McLane pro- effectual and least difficult mode of aecone
Bente(' his oredentials 'to President Juarel, 'dishing the object, will be to, act in conart ,
having no hesitation "in pronouncing the g.. with that government. Their consent. and
verninent.of Juarez to - be the only existing , their aid might, I believe, be obtained I but, if'
government of the Republic." He 'was cor- 1 not, our obligation to protect our own citizens
in their just riglits,,secured by treaty, would
dially received by the authorities at Vern
C:uz, and they have ever 'duce manifested the not be the less imperative.,
to pees a law so For these reasons,
- oast friendly disposition towards the United I recommend for Congress
, thorizing the President,nuder such conditions
Settee. Unluippily, however,. the :constitu
tional government has not been able to estab- as they rosy deem eXpedient,lo employ a sue,
lish its power over the whole republic. It is Meld military force to enter Mexico for the
supported by a !Argo majority of the people 'purpose of obtaining indemnity Or the past,
and the States, but there areimportent parts and security for the future.' I purposelytre•
of the . country where it. can enforce no obe- frain from any suggestion as to whether this •
dience, General Miramon maintains himself force shall consist of regular troops or Town-
et 'the Capitol ; and 'in some Of the distent • teere, or both. ' 'phis question maybe most
province's there owe military goVernore, who appropriately left to.the decision of Congress..
,pay little respect. to the decrees of either gov- I would merely observe that, should velum
°meant. In the meantime, the excesses which 'tears be seleoted, such a force could beeasily
always attend upon . civil, war, especially Bs raised in this country among those whcisym
'Mexico, are constantly recurring. Outrages pathize with the sufferings of our ptifortunate
of 'the Worst description are committed, upon felloie•citizens in Mexico, and with the un
both persons and property, there is scarcely happy condition,of that republic.';. ,Suolt'.nn
•any fiftm of injury which has not'been suffered accession to, the orces of the constitutional
by our citizens in Itlexico - during the last few
government wotilleriable it sloop' to, reach the
years: We have been nominally at pesos wit
oity•of Mexico.
,and extend ha power , over.the
that republic, but: ', softer es the interests.
,
. 'whole republic, In that, event, there is' no
our Mizimerce or of our citizens whit have vie ,
reason tut doubt that. the ,jnet claims of our
iced the country, as merchants, ship:rimier/3, '
citizens' Widt' be satisfied, sad;adequate re-
,
w.0. ,,,,i ght , qress_obtained for the injuries inflicted upon
or in othereiquatitiem areconcerned,
there. The •canstittitional, governor ant .have'
as•well have becti r at war." ..
Life ins been in
ever evinced ivittiong desire te,;dotes•julition.
swine, property unprotected, and tradelne••
.-
possible, except. at 0 risk of loss Which prudent Arid this' might be secured' in Advance• by a
.men cannot be expected to incur., Important .prelirtiftetry treaty.. . ..
contracts, involving 'large expenditures, en-, : it may be said that thesequeasures will, at'
tered :into : by' the central ,gerernment, have, least indirectly, bo inconeistent.With our wise.
been net lit•defiance by the localioverturnente . And eettled.policy not to interfere In the 'do.'
Peaceful Americaniresidents,,cooppying, them nitwits concerns of,fereign nations::.• Buedotte'
eighlful possessions; have been ouddouly ax..• not the prementasse fairly conetitute tin exbeeef
:pelted the'conetry ; liCilefinfetiti of.teenties, antto,,,dein ? ',Anrtdjoinint republio , isCina :state 'of'
hy. the Mere.al fer of arbiirery,:power...:',Eyen, It nereh,e .and. confuelen,, from • whioh• elle 'his
the.criureenf.jastice lisle. pat Jaen erica :from. proVed, wholly unable ,to,;extrioate.•lltereelf.
control, and a redenOlicrsts'of IgiramOn . pot.: kii!4iti'entirstly destitute of •the power to'inain,' ,
irdto I , l . einteriordh* . 9l . -1101*0026
.19. -RA , ; iegi pew upon her bordere v er to prevent he
, .
~, ~,, : .t ~ -• ~-; ~ ,',.,., , , .:,) ,-( . ~, :,., ..,::, I ,:.',; ,- , ..;., -/,‘ !: ~,. ~ . ~ •. ~
inetirsions'oftbandilti intn our territory. In
her fate 'aud in.her fortune—in her power to
establish and.maintain a' settled gevernment
—we Intie a Medeeper interest, socially.cotit
inercially,and politically, than any other na
tion.. Mo.is now a wreck upon the Ocean,
drifting about as elle is impelled by different
factions:---As it --good - - neiShber. shell "seP' eeL
exteed.to her a helping hand to.save her?' If
we.do not,. it would not .be surprising should
somo:nther:nation undertake the laskr-and
thus farbe - ,-ns-toAnterfere- et' last, under cit.—
cittaistaticee - of inpreased. 'difficulty, for .the
.maintebance of our established policy. '
I repeat the recommendation contained in
my last annual message, that authority may
be-given to. the President to establish' ono or
more temporary inilitary• poste across, the'
Mexican line in Sonora anti Chihuahua, where
ittl'k may be - necessary to
,protect the lives
.a
,d•pronertit of American and Mexican citi•
zens against the incursions and depredations
.or the Indians, as 'Well as of lawless -revere in
that remote region. The establishment of one
such post et a 'point called Arispo, in Sotiorn, ,
in a counti'y'now almost depopulated by the
'hostile inroads of the Inilianefrom our aide of
the line, would, his believed, have pro•ented
much injury and many cruelties during , the
pest sensed... - A state of
,lawlessness and vio•
lance prevails on that distant 'frontier. Life
and property are there wholly insecure.. The .
population of Arizona, now numbering more
than. ten thousand souls, are practically desti
tute of government, of laws, or of any regular .
admintstrntion of justice. Murder, rapine,
and oilier crimes are committed with - impun
ity. I,' therefore, again ,call the attention of
Congress to the necessity of eetablishing a
territorial goVernment over Aritona. ••
The treaty with Nicaragua of the 16th Feb
ruary, 1857, to which,l referred in my last
annual message, failed to receive the ratifica
tion of the governmeift. 'of that. republie, for
reavons • rich I need not enumerate ii-eim
treit has" been since 'concluded between
reasons. rich
Parr es, bearing date on the 16th March,
1859, - ivhichlins already been ratified by the
Nicaraguan Congress. This will be immedi
ately submitted to the Senate for their•ratift
cation. Its provisions canned, I think, fail to
be.aceeptable to the people of both countries.
Our claims ngainst the governments of Costa
Biqa and Nicaragua remain unredressed, tho'
they are pressed — in an earnest manner, and
not without hope of success. .. -
1 deertrft to be my dutyonce - more earnest
ly to recommend to Congress the passage of a •
law authorizing the President to employ the
naval force at his command for the purpose of
prof ecting'tlie lives and property ofAmerican
citizens passing in transit across the Panama,'
Nicaragua and -Tehuantepec routes. against
sudden and unlaiful outhreake and depreda
tions. - 1 shrill not repeid the argument em
ployed in former messages in support of this
measure. Suffice it to say, that the lives of
many of our people, and the security of vast
I ,ainotints of treasure passing over one or more
of these-routes between the Atlantic and Pa- '
cifip, spay,be deeply involved in the action of
Cengrces.on this subject.
I would, also, again recornmend to Congress
that authority -be . given -to the President to
employ the naval - forces to protect American
merchant vessels, their, crews - and cargoes;
,against violent and lavirtmeizure find confis
catioW in the - porte of Me leo and the Spanish
American Suttee, when these countries maybe
in a disnirbed and revolutionary condition.—
The mere knowledge, that euclr - an authority
'had been conferred, as I have already stated,
would of itself, in a great. degree, prevent the ~
evil. Neither - would- this' require any additi.
(mai appropriation for the naval service.
The chief objection urged against the grant
of this aulhority is, that Congress, by confer
ring a, would violate the constitution—that it '
would..bo. a transfer of the war-making, or. -
strictly speaking, the war•declaring power to
the Executive. If this were well founded, it
would, of course, be conclusive. , A very brief
examination, however, will place, this object
Lion at rest. ~ .
.
. Congress possesses the_sole and exclusive
- power, under the Constiiiition,, "to 'declare
war." . They alone can ." raise and support
arinies," - and - ..provide and maintain a navy."
But after Congress shall have ' declared war
and provided the force necessary to carry it
on, the President, ns Commander-in-Chief of
; the Army and Navy, can alone employ this
force in making war agninet the enemy. This'
is the plain language, anti history proves that
it wall the well known intention of the framers
..
of' the
,Constiption.
It will not.tte denied that the general "pow
er to declare war" is without, limitation, and
embraces within itself not °illy what writers
'on the laws of nations (emit public or perfect
war, but also an imperfect war—and, in short,
every species of hostility, however confined or
limited. 'Without the authority of Congress,
the President cannot fire n hostile gun in any
case,exceptre repel the attacks of an enemy. It
will not hedoubted that under this power Con
gress could, if they thought-proper, authorize ..
the President to employ the' force at his corn
. mend to seize a vessel belonging to an Ameri
can citizen, which ,had been illegally endlin
justly captured in la foreign port and restore
it to its owner. But 'can Congress only act
after the fact—after the mischief, has 'been' -
done ? Have they no power to confer upon
the President the authority in advance lo fur
nish instant redress, should such a case after
wards occur?. Must they wait until the mis
chief has been done, and can they apply the
remedy only when it is too late ? To confer
this authority to meet future cases, under cir
cumstances strictly specified, is. as. clearly'
'within the war-declaring power as such an lan
t.hority conferred upon the President by act of
Congress after the deed had been done. In the -
progress of a great nation, many exigencies
must arise imperatively requiring that Con
gress should authorize the President to act -
promptly on certain conditions which may or
may not afterwards arise. Our history has .
already presented a - number of such oases. I
shall refer only to the latest. • .
Under theresolution of June 2d, 1858, "for
- ' --
the adjustment of difficulties with the republic
of Paraguay," the President is "authorized to
adopt such measures and use such force as in
his judgment may be necessary apd advisable
in the event of a refusal of just satisfaction by
the governor nt of Paraguay." , "Just satisfac
tion" for w at? For " the attack on the IL
States steatii , Water Witch," and "Miter met-
lets referred:to in the annual messages of the
President." Here : the power is expressly
granted upon the condition that the govern-
moot of Paraguay shall refuse to reader this
'just satisfaction." In this And other similar
oases,• Congress have conferred upon the Pro-
sident power in advance to employ the army
and navy upon the happening of•contingent
future events; and this most certainly is em
braced within the power to declare war.
Now. if this cord ingeni and conditional pow
er 'could b constitutionally conferred upon the
President in the ease of Paraguay, why may
It not be conferred for•the purpose of protect
ing the 'Hype! and properly of American chi-
.
tens in' the aVent that they may be violently
and unlawfully attacked in passing over the
transit routs to "and' froin Californin, p r as.
pailed bY thescisure of their vesseliin a 14•
elm" port? To deny this power, is to render
the navi, k ' 'great degfse.:.nselesi for the
protection of the lives antlproptlrty of Ameri-
can citizenp r in countries where neither pro
tection noiledress can be otherwise obtained.
The Thirty-fifth Congress terminated on
the.3d of blench, 1859, without having passed
the "act making appropriations for the ser—
vice of the Poet Office Department during the
Seeel year ending tlio 30th June, 1860." This
'act also codeine(' an appropriation "to sup:
ply defiCienaies in the revenue of the Post Of
fice'DepartensitY for the' yens. ending the 80th
of Juno; 1860." I believe this is the first
Stance sine° the origin of the Federal Govern-,
meet, 'now - More than seventy years ago, when
any Congrese went out' sof:exietence,•without:
having posied all the: geberai appropriation
bills , necessary to carry on the government
until the regidarperiod fcir the meeting of a
new Congresi This event imposed on the
Executive a'grave responsibility. it:prosentad
a 'choice of evils • •
llad this Omission of duty occurred
,at the
first session of the last Congrees ;the. remedy
Would have , been plain. 1 ought • then, hive
itietahtly reiallou them `to complete •their
work—andthia without expenee to the. Gov
ertinini: on the . 4th of. March,last there
were fifteen 1)f the 'thistithree States which
had not elected tiny' repreSeePttivee 1 0 the
piosent CongresS. '•Had.Cune:l4.l)4e Gaited.
together immedlately, these Staiiie Would have
been • virtudillY - disfranchised. .I(in,
mediateiterrod.hed.heen Selected.oeveral. • of
the Stat es *tad hiive been
,00mpe)led Ip,hold,
extra Solutions of their - r legiSlittures,,, at great
incoeveilatie 'and ,' . eipe'nee,, to w
...provide , for
eleci tone it an earlier' gay' thin O OrevloOski
Bfed 1 1 $'.101+; tO reguli,C*ol o . :ten 4g'
- -
•
theseldtfites would not 'elect until:after •the
beiinnlingpf,Augest, and five,or7theselieti'
hot until October and Novembit',
On-the fitheiliand; when dituiti':to dAtitriz,
ine Aran* the condition of , the.POst Offlpft ;
\ ---Departfinent,l did not meet, att many orAe
gre,it diffienhieli as I had ippenhended. - Olad
the bill-whiCtairiled:been cotiti&Pid-t&-apiirtir
priations for ' fiscal year br ow.the
. 80th June.Weixt,i.' there wrinkkiditiVe no
'reason - pf pressing importance, tor - tlie call of
an extra flession. 4 14othinkii(iuldbecomedie
ou contracts-(thono with railroad ComminieS
" only excepted) for carrying the mail for the
first. quarter of the present 'fiscal year, corn
menetng, on the-let of July, until the Ist of
December—less than - one week before the
meeting of' the.present Congress. The rea
son is that ta mail, contractors for !hie, the
current year did not Complete their first quar-,
. ter's service until the '3oth SepteMber last ;-
' and by the terms of their contracts tflity days
more are allowed for - the' settlement of their
accounts before the Department could A be
called upon for payment.
The great difficulty and:the-groat hardship
consisted in the failure to provide for the pay•
• ment of the deficiency in the fiscal year end
ing the e BOlll-June, 1859 The Department
had entered into contracts, in obedience to'
' .existing laws, for , the service of that fiscal
year, and the contractors were fairly entitled
• to their compensation as it -became due. The
deficiency as stated in the bill amountedto
-$8,888,728, but, after a careful settlement of
•
all these accounts, it has been ascertained
that it amqunts to $9,296,009. With the
scanty means at his command the Postmaster.
General has managed to pay that. portion of
this tlefibiency• which occurred in the first
two quarters of the past fiscal year, ending on
the 31st December hint. In the meantime the
contractors themselves, under these trying
citeumstances, hive belßfed, in a mender
worthy of all commendatioh.. They had one
resource in the midst of their embarrassments.
After the amount due to each .of• them had
• been ascertained and finally settledaceording
IA law, this became S specific debt of record
against the UnitCd States, which enabled,
them to borrow money on this unqifestionable
security: Still they were obliged to pay in
terest in consequeuce of the default of Con.
• gross, end An every principleoljustice ought
to receive intereefrom the Government. -11 - his
interest ebould commence from the date when
a warrant - would - have been issued for the
payment of the principal had• an appropria
tion been made for this purpose. Calculated
up to lst:Deceinber, it will not, exceed •$96,-
660—a sum not to be taken into account when
contrasted with the great difficulties and em
barrassments of a public and private clinrac
ter, both to the people noddle States, which
would have resulted from convening and hold- .
ing a special session 'of Congress.
For these reasons I recommend the passage
of a bill, rams early a day. as may be practi
cable,- to provide for the payment of the
amount, with interest, due to these last-men
tioned contractors, as well As to make the
necessary appropriations for• the service of
the-Post Office Department. for the, current
fiscal year.
The failure to piffle the Post Office bill nee-.
essitrily giveri birth to serious reflections.
Congress, by 'refusing to pass the general ap •
propriiition bills necessary to-onrry. on the
Government marnot only arrest., Ids Action;
but might even destroy its existence.. The
army, the navy
_the judiciary, in. short. every
department of the Government, can zio longer
perform their functions if Congress refuse
the money necessary for their support.. If
this failure shouldteach the country the ne
cessity of electing a full Congress in sufficient
time to enable the President to convene 'them
in any emergency, even immediately after the
. old tougress,has expired, it will .have been
productive of great good. In a . time of sud
den and alarming danger, foreign or domes
tic, which all nations must expect to encount
er in theiy progress, the - very salvation of our
institutiops may be staked upon the, assem
bling of Congress without delay. If, under
such circumstances, the President should find
himself in the condition in which he was
placed at the - close of the last Congress, with
nearly' half the States of the Union destitute
of representatives, the consequences might, ba
disastrous. I, therefore, r•comniend to Con
gress to carry into effect the provisions of the'
Censtitutioni,en this subject, and to pass a
law appointing some day previous to the 9th
March in each year of odd number, for the
election of representatives throughout. all the
States,' They have already appointed a day
for the election of electors for President and
Vice • President, and this measure haff'becu
apprOved by the country, •
I would again express a most decided opin
ion in favor of the construction of a Pacific
railroad, for the reasons stated in my two
last annual messages. When I iefleot 'upon
what would be the defenceless condition of
our States and Territories west of the Rocky
mountains in case of a war with a navalpower
sufficiently strong to interrupt all intercourse
with them by the routes across the Isthmus,
I am still more convinced than ever of the
vast importance of this railroad. I have wri
er doubted the constitutional competency of
Congress to provide for its Construction, but
this exclusively under the war making power.
Besides, this Constitution expressly requires,
as an imperative duty, that "the United
States shall protect each of them, [the States].
against invasion:" lamat a loss to conceive
how this protection cnn be afforded to Califor
nia and Oregon against such a naval power
by any' other means. I' repeat the opinion
_contained in my last annual message, that it
would be inexpedient for the Government to
undertake this great work b4agente of its
own appointment and under its direct and ex
clusive control. This woulddnereasethe pat
ronage of the Executive to a dangerous ex•
tent, and would teeter a system of jobbing
and corruption which no vigilance'on the part
of Federal officials could prevent. The. con
struction of this rend ought, therefore, to be
intrusted to incorporated companies, or other
agencies, who would exercise that fictive and
vigilant supervision over it which can be in
spired alone by a sense of corporate and indi
vidual interest.' I venture to assort that the
additional cost of transporting troops,' enuai
tie of war, and necessary supplies for the
army across the vast intervening plains- to
our possessions on the Pacific coast would be
greater in such It war than the whole amount
required to construct the road. And yet this.
resort would, after all, beinadequate for their
defer:Me and protection.
We have yet scarcely recovered from. the'
habits of extravagant. expenditure, produced
by our overflowing Treasury, during several
years prior to the commencement of my ad
ministration. The financial reverses, which
we have since experienced ought to teach us
all to scrutinize .our expenditurps with the'
greatest vigilance, and to reduce them to the
lowest possible point. The Executive Depart
ments of the Government have devoted them
selves to- the -accomplishment of this , object
with considerable success, ,fts will appear
from their eifferent reports and estimates. To
these I invite the scrutiny of-Congress, for
the purpose of reducing them still lower, if
this be practicable, consistent with the great
'public interests of the country: Inwid of the
policy of retrenchment I pledge myseltto ex%
amine closely the bills appropriating lands.
or money, so that if any of these should load
vertently pass , both houses, as must sometimes
be the case, Imlay afford them an opportunity
for reconsideration. At the satuo lime we
ought never. to forget that true public economy
consists, not in withholding the means neces
nary to accomplish important national objebta
confided to us by the Constitution, but in
taking care that the Money appropriated for
these purposes shall beifaithfully and frugally
expended. ..
It will appear from the report of the Sacr a tary of the . Treasury that it is extremely
doubtful,. to ray the least, whether ire shall
be able to pass through the present and the
. next fiscal year without providing additional
revenue. This can only be accomplished by
strictly confining the appropriations' within
the estimates of the different Departments,
an allowance for any midi,:
.'tionelfexpeaditures which Congresti may think
'proper; in their discretion to authorise ..and
, without providing . fu the , rederaption.of any.
, : ,:-portion of tke,p29,000.000.0t Treasury notes
-.,williekhave been . aireatly issued. In the event
•or kdefacicucy, which considstil! probable,
. this ought never, to be supplied by a resort
,;
additional It would ben ruinous tprncrl
tics in the dayrof peculituud prosperity to go
on baoreasing..tho • natiouar deht to,meet.the
~; erdinary, ',espouses. of the Government.t • Thie
policy wo'ulamtippio our resources and impair
-aur: credit iu ease the existence 'of vnirtabouhl
~render it uecessarp4ohorrow money. Should
,oluolko &Worm:7ooBi aa I apprehend.; I would
0091011141thbat tiat rotiescutry,rovatiUo Wand
11;.
,
.
by an increase of our present! duties . ... en . ltur.
' Voris. "liie:44. not • repeo,Vilie opialenn . ,:;.ei,....
:•'pecsied in;MY:laist anntifiVineagage iti'in 'the
, 0,01/Modelancti tnanuer oancotupliliTiirig . tide
:day slitill 'now ,merely (*Carve that
the ' nei Ceinee undergone no change. '
y reliort of the Secretary of the Treasury.
.. - iviltexplithritrilettlit—the;,operations of that'
Department of the Gov ernment.'
' The. receipts Min rho treaeury 'froni , all
• •sourceeduring.. time: fispal year- ending...Bolh.
' June,, 1859. Including' the'lean' authorized lqi
p es o 14th 'Jude;'•lBsB,. and the irises of
treasury notes. authoriied by existing laws.
I
were eiglity;ette million six ,hundre • and
ninety r two thousand four hundred and seventy
one dollars and, one cent, ($81,692,471 01,)
which sum .with the halance •of six Millitur
three hundred and ninety-eight thausanniree
, hundred and sixteen dollars and ten cents
($6 - 808;816f10) remaining in the treasury at
.the commencement of that 'float year,. made
an 'aggregate for the' service of the 'year of
.eiglity'-eight million ninety thousand severt,
hundred and eighty-oven dollars and clove
cents ($88;090,787 11.) • -. . ..- ' .
The public expenditures, during the fiscal
year ending 30th 'June, 1859, atnounted 'te'
deighty-three million seven hundred and fifty-,
?me thousand five hundred and eleven dol
lars and fifty-even Cents ($83,71.4,511 57.)
Of this stun ileventeeu million four hundred`
and five thousand two hundred and eighty
five dollars and forty-four cents - ($ 1 7. 41 4-
285 44) were applied to the Payment'of.in
fermt on the pubic debt and the redemption
of the issues of treasury
.notes. The expo:
ditures of all other branches of the public ser
vice during that fiscal year were therefore
sixty-six million three hundred and forty six
thousand two hundred and twenty.eli dollars
and thirteen tents ($66,340,236 134
The balance remaining in the treasury on
the ltd Jnly, 1859, being the ' commencement
of the present fiscal year, was four million!
ifiree hundred and thirty-nine thousand two
hundred and seventy-five dollars and fifty
four cents [5,339,275 54.]'
The receipts into 'the, treasury during the
first
,quarter of the prelint fiscal year, atm
mencing•July Ist, 1859, were twenty million
six hundred and eighteen thousand eight hun
dred and sixty-five dollars and eighty-eve
conit,' [520,618,866 85.] Of this • amount
thriee million eight huppred and twenty-one,
thousand three hundred &Snare [53,831 300. T
Was received on account- of the loan and the ,
issue of treasury notes—the amount of six
teen million seven hundred and ninety seven'
thousand five hundred and sixty live dollars
and eighty five cents [516,797,505 . 85] hav
ing been received during-the quarter from the
ordinary sources of,public revenue., The es
timated receipts for the remaining three quer.'
tors of the present fiscal .year to 30th June,
1860 ; are fifty million four hundred and twen
ty-six thousand four hundred dollars, [s6o,-
426,400 ] .Of this amount it hrestimated that
five million seven hundred and fifty six thou
sand four hundred dollars [55,756,400] will
be received for treasury notes which may •be
reissued under the fifth section. of the act of
8(1 March lest, and one million one.-hundred
Mad seventy thousand dollars [51.,17. ,000] on
account of the loan authorized by the act of
'lnne 14, 1858— making six million nine hun
dred and twenty,six thousand four hundred
dollars [56,916;400] from these extraordinary
sources, and forty three million five hundred
thousand dollars [543.600,000] froni the °rill
' nary sources of the public revenue—making
in aggregate, with the balance inthe treastfry ,
on the Ist July, 1859, of seventy-five million
-three-hundred and eighty-four thousand file
hundred anti forty ono dollars - and eighty-nine
cents [575,884,541'89;] for the estimated
means 'of the present „fiscal year ending 301.1.1
June, 1860. ' .
The eipeadituree during - the first `quarter
of the present.fiscal year - were twenty million
seven thousand one hundred and seventy-four
dollars and seventy-six
-cents, [520,007,174,-
76] Four million six hundre and sixty-four
thousand three hundred and sixty six dollars
and seventy-six cents [51,664,360 76] of this
sum were applied - to the payment of interest
on the public debt and the redemption of the
issues of treasury' Mites, and the remainder
being fifteen million three hundred and forty
two thousand eight hundred and eight dollars
[515,342.808,] were applied to crdinary ex
penditures during the remaining three quar
ters, to June 30, 1860, are forty million nine
hUndred . and ninety-five &Mond 'five bun-
Ared and fifty-eight dollars and tiventy•three
cents, [540,990,558 28.] of which sum two
million eight hundred and . eighty-ex thou
sand six hundred and twenty-one dollars and
thirty-four cents [52,896,621 34] Me estima r
ted for tho- interest on the public debt. The
ascertained and estimated expenditures for the
fiscal year ending 80th June, 1860, onticeount
of the public debt, are accordingly,. seven'
million five hundred and fifty thousand nine
hundred arid eighty-eight dollars and ten cents'
[57,550,988 10] and for the ordinary expert.
ditures of the Government fifty-three Millions
four hundred and fifty one thousand seven
hundred and forty-four dollars , and eighty ;
nine cents, -(553,451,744 8?). Making an ag
gregate of sixty-one million, two. thousand
seven hundred and thirty-two dollars and
ninety-nine cents, (+61,002,732 99;) leaving
an estimated balance in the treasury on the
30th June, 1860, of fourteen million three
hundred and eighty-one thousand eight hun
dred and eight dollars and forty cents, ($14,-
eBl,BOB 40')
The estimated receipts during the next fis
cal year endinglOth June, 1861, are sixty-six
million two hundred and twenty-five thousand
dollars, which, with the balance estimated, ta
before stated, as remaining in the Treasury
on the 30th June, 1860 will make tut aggre
gate-for the service of the next. fiscal • year of
eighty million six' hundred and six 'thousand
eight hundred and eight dollars and forty eta,
The estimated expenditures during the next
fiscal year ending 30th June, 1861, are sixty
six million seven hundred and fourteen thou
sand nine hundretrand
.twenty eight dollars
and seventy-nine cents. Of this amours
three million three hundred and eighty-six
thousand six hundred and twenty-one dollars
and thirty four cents, will be required to pay
the interest on the public debt; leaving the
sum of sixty-three million three hundred add
'twenty eight thousand threes hundred and
seven dollars and forty-five cents, for thees
timated ordinary expenditures during the fis
cal year ending 80th June, 1861. Upon
these estimates a balance will be' left in the
Treasury - on the 80th June._ 1861, of thirteen
million eight hundred and ninety-one thou•
sand eight hundred and seventy-nine dollars
andeixty-onecents.,
But this balance, as well as that estimated
to remain in the treasnrii on. the Ist July,
1860, will.be reduced by such appropriations
as shall be made,by law to-oarry into effect
certain Indian treaties during the present fie
cal year, asked for by the Secretary of the
Interior, to the amount of five hundred and
thirty nine thousand three hundred ghd fifty
dollars, and upon, the estimates of. the Post
master General for the service-of lifteDepart
ment the last Sepal year, ending 80th June,
1869, ittnounting-to four million two huedied
and' ninety-six thousand end nine, dollars,
together with the further estimate of that cat-
• • • •
cer for the service of iho present' fiscal Year,
- ending 800 June, 1800, being fii , o million five
hundred and twenty-six thousand three hun
dred and twenty-four dollara,litaking ,an ag.
gregute of ten million three hundred and aux,
ty-one thousand six hundred and eighty-three
dollars.
~
Should these Sppreiirintions be,ninde as re•
quested b y : tile - proper D4orop'etief4 lila bal..
secede the trinunity 'on. the , 30th' 3 Une,',l B6 i,
Will not, it is estireitted, exceed three million
five hundred and thirAy.thousand ono, hundred
And dolitire and'sistpone* come,
($3,6.80,106 61.1
I transmit herewith the reports of the See
retaries of War, of the Navy, of the Interior,
and of the Postmaster general. They, pitch
contain v alusble information and important
ro.onimendations well worthy of the. glorious
oonsideritt ion of Congress.
Ic ran appear from the report of the Seere
eryArf War that the Army expenditures have
'been materially reducep by a system of rigid
economy, whieW in,his opinion, offers every
guairantee , that . the - reduction ;trill be perms
pentite : estimates of the Department for
the next have , bern reduced nearly two Wil
lem of dollars below the estimates for. the
present fiscal yeitr.'end ',half It' million of dol
lars beloir the stroiunt ,kianted, for thls Your'
it lite:last ;session et Congresso • .
into expeuditiares - Of the Post Office p' PepartiN
ment.thiriok!the Past, 'fiscey,'year on
the Pah ,1359; exclusive tot payments
for nt4ll:serviee specially provided for by Cort.',
gross out"of the — getters! 'reentry, titnounted
i
to' $14.90.4.403'80; and ts reap ipta to $7.908.-.
484 07.; shoviiig a 'deficiesoy to ItO' our plied
from dm; ,1iea5ur,t0f.%995,00 9. 26, 'against
, .
A . - •
235,6%4440r ,t Ife •ytirt.ga
'in g 30th June
TheAttereased . cost of transportation
' growing out of the . etpension of the service, .
required by. Congness explains this rapid'
augmentation' of the:expenditures. 'lt is grat-•
Hying. hoinver, to observe rift increase of re..
ceiptikfor the year ending on the 80th. June,
1859..'equal•to-$981; 091 11; et - Ili - Tared - with
'those Lit 'the year ending on •3flth June, 1858:
11 is estimated that the deficieneefor Ht' .
ourrantflocal_ year willite_so,9BB,424-.04,..trit
that, for the year ending3Oth June, 1861, it
will not exceed $1,392.973 90, should - Con..
Kress adopt the measures of reform proposed
and urged by the Paktinariter General, Since
the month 'of March retreriches have been
made in the.expenditUreramoupting to*.sl:-
826 ;471 'annually; whinh, however, did not
take effect until after7the - ,commencement of
the present fiscal year. The period seems to
have. arrived for 'determining the .question,
.whether, this Department shall become per.
manent Miran ever-increasing charge upon the
Treasury, 'or shall be permitted to resume the
self-sustaining policy, which had so,dong con
trolled its administration. The course of leg...
illation recommended by the POetinaster Gen
eral for the relief oPthe Department from its
present einbarrasments, and for restoring it
to its original _independence, is deserving of
your early and earnest consideration: • •
In conclusion`, I would again commend to
the just liberality of Congress the local inter
ests of the District of Columbia. thinly ale'
city bearing•dhe name .of Wgshington, and
destined, I trust, far ag63- - brbe the capital of
our united, free, and prosperous Confederacy,
has strong claims on our favorable regard '
-JAMES IdUCHANAN.
Wastmartix CITY, December 19, 1859.
git t
CARLISLE, PA.
Wednesday, Jan. 4, 1860
PEOPLE , M STATE CONVEMTIOX'
The citizens of Pennsylvania who are opposed to the •
principles and measures of silo present National Ad.
r.ulnistra tion, and to the election of men to o ffi ce who
.sustain those_principles and messures,:ara _requested _ _
td sleet in their respectiye countlex'ar d to elect Dole
gates equal in number to their representatives in the
firneral Assembly, to PEOPLE'S ST•II4 CONTENTION, to
.bit hold at IlAanissona, en
'Wednesday'', FeUruary: 2211, 1860,'
at ll A. M., to indicate their choice for the next Presi
dency, nominate a candidate for Governor, form an
Elevtoral TicketoPPAnt Senaterial_thdegates,-and
designate the.time and mode of/electing District Dele
gates to the National Convention; and to t.usart such
ether business as stuty-be - .deemed rosemary to ensure
sweet.ss at the General Election.
LEVI KLINE, • '
Chairman People's Executive Committee.
STANDING CO/1111111.rls:E.
The Standing Committee of the People's
Party,' of Cumberland County, will .anect at
Hannon'e Hotel .on Monday, the "Oth.day of
January next at 1 o'clock P. M. on business,
of importance., By order
R. P. Malxims, -
Secretary.
Carlisle, Dec. 14, 1859,
4 • TRIBUTE ON RIO3I!ECT
At 'it'sjsecial meeting of the Junior Cadds
. heldon'the 3lst of December th „ e following
resolutions-were 'adopted.
Viltiertk4S; rovidence 'lath
seen fit to take rom s our beloved Cnptuin
J. Darican.Stermison.
Resolved, That in this sudden and afflict
ing dispensation we feel again the solemn
warning that ",lit the midst of life we aro in
death." .
Resolved, That we shall miss with heart
felt sorrow from'Our company the social'vir
tues, the amiable disposition the talents and
energy of our late friend and commander.
Resolved,- That the Junior Cutlets will wear
the usual badge of mourning for thirty disys
us a token of respect, to their late comman
der, and that the slug. of the company be
draped in mourning.
Resolved, That the proceedings be pub
lished in tho several newspapers - of Carlisle
and that a copy of the same be sent to the
family of the 'deceased with the expression
of our warmest feelingi for their sad loss,.
C. D. LAW, .1 1
E. B. GOULD, Corn
W. B. PARKER.
gur Monti edge,
. Tax . ATLANTIC MONTHLY.—TiIe Jpnuary
number of this Sterling ilagasine, comerto uv; laden,
as usual, with n rich feast of able literary articles, a
mong which will be found the followIMP:
_Qur Mists in Italy; The Atuber Cods; Songs of Nn-
LOD; Nemophlly; Substance 'nod Shadow; Through
the,Flelds to Saint Peter's; The Experience of Samuel
I , lllbuster; Abdebllassan; About Spine;
The 'Professor's Story; Andenken ; Central British
America.
The "Autroerat" now, an established favorite with
the public, commences “The Professore Story" which
will he continued throughont the year. Terms $3 per
annum. Address Ticknor $ yields, Bostunt
Tun LADiss,Rgl. Toan,for January,.aon-
Gil. three One . embellishments. The fleet Is eutlOed
"Morning on Loon Lake," another iv, "Shells of the
Ocean," 'drawn and engraved by F. It. Jones, F.sq., whose
style and excellencies as an engraver, have become so
familiar to the readers of the Repository. The third
engraving is on . eiwbich, weshould think, would be very,
acceptable to Carlisle subscribers—a truthful and spit ,
lted portrait of the Rev. Alfred Griffith. From asketch
of his life written by the Iles. Dr. Nadal, we learn that
" Father 0 rtffith " was born in 1783, and has been fifty'.
fear 'years alraVelling {Heather, Those of our readers
who would like to have a co. rect likeness *of this good
old num, who, in the course of Mauro will soon '1 go to
his
,rewa'rd; , ahouid subscribe for the Ladles' Repositce
ry. Address Bwormstedt & Poe, Cinch:mill, 0.
BLACKWOODS MAGAZIN/I for December, bee
been received with the (011°4114 table of contents
The Fighton the l'ictio—Love'e Young Dteam—Anoth•
sr Pleasant French Duok—Popular Literature—Mot
ley,' Dutch Republic—The National Oallery—Part X of
The Luck of Lady:six:ode—The Emperor and the Ern.
pire—Pleets and Navies, Part 111. This number closes
the volume for MU A remittance of $lO, will more
this Magailue ;together with the London, Edinburg, •
N'erth British sod Westmitibter Quarterly Reviews for
one year. Address Leonard 004 a, co., blOoldetrewt,
New York. •
AMERICAN ILLUSTAATED FAMfLY YZAIL
ROOK rou 1860.—F. Otoluicd, ' Bl etrah, New t
•York. Thie le bighly useful publication for families.
It contains au ItilOallde-4tlstortrat - ptallapi4—medial
advice—hhati for housekVeliers,.• tine selection of tales
acid sketches from popular authors, and several pap,
of humorous Illustrations. The work eau be examined
at Pi ..r's Periodical De ..1.
Riar
CARLISLE . PRORTICIL MARKET.
Reported tweekii for :the ilerold-by
Woodward & Schmidt
,IFLoun Superfine, per bbl.‘'
do. Extra, do. '
do. Family '
Ta fee
%VIIITIS lirengar per buihel
RFu , .do do.
CORN (Mir) - do.
COEN (Old) ' do,
OATS (now) do.
,CLOVNIMED • do
TzmirrnYoun do.,
'SPRING" BARLEY. • 'do.
WINTSR BARLEY • '• do.,
!TlLEopmerE7.. ,
4 4nother iytrfeil cui.e.girEPilepsy by Di:.
H mice's, Epileptic
•
• , Dt!salves Nici; Patioma area Co:, Oat. lat, 1866:
,
'llaNcE—Dear.Nlr"—llavlng 'been afflicted while.. ; ;
falling Atrfor emote yearp, past,, I datoriolued toglye ;
your I.llla atrial; fadvartloontent of able'. I 'saw: In ;
nine of the papero,) andrcyothaued hi.ntei them „for
ammo mOottio, uotli I ' was entirely cured, .1, believe
thorn to be a fret rate article; and ishlte here .need
them; 1 have not hadvirm attack, and .em nowlit the':
enjoy wont of good health. • ,
•,.
1 am, eery respoctfully.;Yontoile;; •
S:JACOII3. •
8. The Pllie Wero,recom prided to n.eby
Newby, thli ilun y, to , aboaawddroisayon lent,
.all
oryipla , Apllppiy, Op a it'peleide ffit. •
All,weidlachltitai lifrivoun dlomme. •Yrlces3 per box;
,two hoaea Air $6l- twelve-boxelrfor l'2l. 'Persona ,en., "
diming imulttrome.all4hatolthe , iaent
throngt the'mall on Ito receipt: Tor - rale Bath B.
IlaNco,,Tio dub . liammoTe street; A140 63 44'1 P 1.1.) 10
niers rrick all Oukui : Must ts •
n
=I
JACOB BRETZ,
Chairman
$ 4,75
' 6,00
5,26
8,76
1,28 to 1,88
, 1,18
82
ISA
1,00
66 1
70 1