51 , jriiluitit . :410.,:cifiiiiip.,: 7 -:;-•-:-1 1 . 30tifk,.:....,..'ini , . riftilitttriv,,..r,..
CI
BNA,TTIir'; /Proprietor.
tEarb.c.i.
ZW151CY.:41.7.11 AND S.VR4EON.
Dort. H.
on Alain Str - Jet,
lice , . lir. 11. m . prepared to use Galvaninit
asni romedial agent inthe treAtment of Parnly•
els, Neuralgia and Rheumatic alliictioan, but
dgm not guarantee aliened from its eppiicationt9
nil ur even any of these diseases; • Rel.el has
linen given nad cures elreeted in a nnininur of
instant:on, mid may he in others.
•
March 27, ly.
DIL L C. LOOVIES,
operations upon the
'1 that are raqui..
red fir theirpreservation, such, as Scaling,Filing:
Plugging, &c, or will restore the lose of them.
by isseritne Artificial Teeth, from a single tooth
to a fall sett.tt....7 - 01lice . on Pitt, street, a feift
ours south of tic Railroad Hotel., "Dr. L. is ab•
ant the last ton days of every month.
.A. CARD'.
1113.1 DEL, ,Surgoon. Dentist
infortni his former patrons that ho has ra
mmed to Carl i sle, and will he glad to attend
all eltl , in the line of his profession. 10031
, • TOE IV WILWAVISON,
ATTON'EY AT LAW.-617 Jr. lgE, the
R house°ol Miss Ml:Ginnis, near The store of
A &IV Bentz, South Hanover street, Cariide,
Penn's. fr japloso
Ci1..12.2011T C. Ivicon.m,
A T'l ORNEY AT LAW. Office in
."-•• the room lately occupied by Dr. Foster,
Deceased. - mar 31 '47
Nlfira. :VENII.OSM,
\ TT ORIN' kW AT LAW, ill practice in
, the. several Course of Cumberland county..
OFFICE:. in Muir' Street, in the room t
y occupied byL. G. Brundebury, Esq.,
SAIYIES R. SWIM%
1 1 TOR NEY - A T - LA W. lias - 11E .
MO V ED his office to Beetem's Row, tw °
ours Bark holder's Hsieh , ii pr 1,
GEORGEI BCE,
lusTicE OF THE PEACE:. • OF'
FICE al h!s residence, corner of Main street
and the Punk,: Square. opposite Burkholder's
Hotel. In addition to the duties of Justi• eof
the Peace, will wend to all kinds of writing,
such at+ deeds, b mds, mortgages, indentures,
articles of agreement, notes, &e.
Carlisle, og 8'99.
,
Plainfield Classical Academy,
FOUL: MILES WEST OF CARLISLE.
Session will commence on .71/0A
.November hth, 1850.
IN consequence of increasing patronage e
large and commodious brick edifice has
been
_erected:, rendering this one of the most
desirable institutions in the state. The various
departments are under the cam `Of competent
and faithful instructors, and ever) endeavor will
be mrdc to promote.the mond and intellectual
improvement of- studenis. ' The 'surrounding
comery is beautiful and healthful, and the in
stitution sufficiently distant Irnm town or vdlnge
to prevent evil associations.
orms—sso per Session. (Five Nonflad
For circulars with lull infurnintion address
R K Principal
Plainfield P, 0., Cumber/and County, Pa.
oct2'so
brugs, 'Medicines, Ecc. &c.
"" I have just received from Philadel.
.77" phis
SFSand New ).'orl, very extensive
and
to cry former stock; embra
clog neatly every article of Medicine
now in use, together with Paints,
Oils, Varhishes, Turpentine, Perfumery, Soaps,
Stationery, Fine Cutlery, Fishiqg Tachle,—
ru hes _of .almost...exers'Acscript lem_with n
endless variety eC other artieleK, which I am de
termined to sell at the VEIZY LOWEST prices.
All Physicians, Country Merchants, Pedlars
_anti others...are_resocr fir I y_taquesletLno tAck.pass_
the OLD STAND, as they may rest assured
that every article will be.sold of a good quality,
and upon reasonable terms.
S. ELLItiTT,
Main street., Carlisle.
May 30
Extensive Cabinet Ware• Roams,
Ty - 0 RT - 14. — S MI It int retsTrirto - Wrir7
rt. C. (;ilison, CABIN E'r•MAKEIt &
fi.IIR, North Ilattover street, Carlisle,,
would respectfully interim the citizens of Carlisle
and the public generally that now. has on
hand a large assortment of new
0241 M.7. and elegant FurtNITuRE,
consisting in port of Sofas,
Wardrobes, Cord and other
Tables,. Bureaus, Bedsteads, plain and fancy
Sewing Stands, &c. teanttfactured of the hes.
materials and quality warranted. Also a gent
ral assortment of Chairs at the lowest prices.—
Venitian Blinds, made to order and repairing
pronmiiy attendee to. .r.rUOIFFINS made tt•
order at the shortest notice. and having n splen•
did Hoarse he will attend funerals' in town et
country. 11:7 - Dont fprget the old stand or Wm.
C. Gibson, in North lid:lover street, a few
doors north of Glass's Hotel.
Sept 4-ty. R. B. MILEY.
Extensive Furniture Rooms
- FAAIE'Iz.v7 , IAVEHI. would respectfully
te, call the attention of douse Keepers and the
publi., to his extensive stock of ELEGANT
F UItNhTUKK. inchulin! , Sofas, Wardrobes,
Centre and other Tables, Drawing and 'oth,,
Bureaus and every oth , r movie in his branch of
business. aA lsn, now on hand •thelargest as
sortment of CH AIRS in Carl44c,.al the lowest
prices, 0-Collins - made at the shortest notice
and a Hearse provided far thnerals. lie solid
its a call at his .sitablialiment nn North Hnno•
ver sireet, near Glass's 119 T EL. N. 8.-Fur
niture hired out by the month or year.
Carl sly, March '2O: 18f.0:-1y •
AuctiOficerin
THE subscriber wishes :o inform his frier&
in town and country
Y. , that hit has commits
se: ••1„ ed the above business
'TA, and will attend to sales
v-tt
Ili town and country on
4:l—'
li . . I'AV The n oat reasonable
tarots. He eau on found nt d; Hardteato Store
next door to Scott's Tavern in North Hanover
strata: .
nugl4.
GEORG-El Z. BERTZ,
URGI:ON DEN —would,rospectful•
ly inform the public that-he is now tinnier•
ethto perform all operations on the Teeth 'that
rimy be required: thtifteial Teeth iuseried,
front a - single tooth tomn' entire sot, upon the
latest and most,approved principle, Tho pa
tronage of the public is respectfully sidle:nod.—
Ho'may be found at tho residence of, his_bre
therm' North Pitt street. ,
Carlisle, Sept, lb, 450. • .
. .
.11:41,',41 , 4>0, 4 671( 1:
TllO subacrilicr maid reapectfully Worm
' his frionds — and the public ,nenerally•that lie has
• just opened a new LUMBER AND COAL
YARD in West High street; a leW....driore caul
of nessrs 3 k D lthoada's Warehouso,, where
ho' now has rind. will keep constantly 'on
\,,,,hand a first rate assortment of all lands ut sea
Gonad pine boards and plank arid all other, kinds
f stall, all of which he Wilksell lowliii rash
A,
aril 3; 18:,i6. .10fIN It'A It 111 STU ONfl
•
. ••-• • NOMECEF
• -
TllE..Commisgioncrs I.4tintiorland county
doom it proper to inform that the stn •
od meetings of the Pnard of Commissioners will
,ho hold on the second and fourth Mondayd,ol
Mich monili,'at which time soy parsoneliovlng•
b.. with+ said Board, will meat ahem; at,
• nyrr- rI J CirltSlo•
Mica , • Crir
7:5044; •
VITILLIAM BLAIR; 41,Louthor Strdet,
near Ole cillege, dyes Ladies' and d or w e .
le
mon's colere, And weiranta all work
she eitis.notory. °Hera in his line respectfully
~olicitod. ;,• • aPP 2'46 :
_ .
71,11/iILE V ARE TWO. THINGS, SAITII LARD BACON, ' NATION GREAT:A:ND :
•
MI
'Tkirs 334 . 1v,viass BAARISTER.
An Aitorpoy was taking n iurn,
In shabby linlillituenis dressed ;
Ills cost it was shockingly worn,
AWd tho rust had luSasted his nest
111, breeches hail sulTereil a breach.
linen and wormeil'were worse:
Ile hail scares a whole crown In 11)2 hat,
And-not half a crown In his purse.
orm all
And thus as he wandeted along,
A cheerless and comfortless elf,
Ile songlio for tel in a ernig,
Or cainti.nissingly talked to himself.
"Unforiunate man that Inni
I've never a client but grief;
The case in, I've nn ,invent all,
And in brief, I've never had a brief!
"I've waited and wniteil In vain,
Expecting an opening to find,
Where nil Portent young Integer wig).' gain
Poole reward,for the toll or,hia
"!Tie not that I'm wanting In
Or lack an intelligent face,
That others ha r
ve eas to plead, '
ii \ ;hile I toprfind for a cane.
"0, how can a modest young man
E'er hope fort he smallest progression—
The piorceslon's already an hill
Or lawyer's so full of profmalon I"
While thus he was strolling along,
Ills 'eye accidentally fell
On a very. rleep hole in tho ground,
'And he sighed to lilinself,"lt in well:"
To curb his emotions lie nnt
On the curb-stone the nose of a minute;
Then cried, "Here', nYt opening at last :"
And In lens than a glify wan in It:
Next morning twelve citizens came, -
("rives the coroner Midis them engin])
To the end that it might he determined
❑etv the man had determined his end!
"The nine was a Lawyer, 1 hear ;"
o.noin the foreman, who ant on the comae,
"A lawyer 1 Alas l" said another,
undotthictily die - al of remorse..."
A third said 'He knew - the decenseil.
An attorney well versed in the lows,
Alia as to the cause ni his death.—
'Twits no doubt from the wnnt of a cause
The jury decided nt length,
A fler onlemnly weighing tile ren!'" ,
"That the In wy, wits drown-ko because
lie could not keep His hendthave water !"
_ eillitlituitt ttfttr.
For I be Herald
GROWTH OF SAN FRANCISCO.
E. BEATTY, Esq.—Sir: I design in this let
ter to give as near as I can ; a description of
Sun Franciscd as it originally was, and what
it is now. The town is situated in a cove,
bounded by the South East. The greater part
of where the present town now,stands was a
mud flat, which s has been redeemed:by filling
up with earth and piling ; 'long wharves and
streets ttintint.M*Ahan quarter:of-a mite,
into the luirbblit4,ltvvtauld.now speirtrimr-dry
tredibfe to u person walking out en x i;tiy one of
our hurnerous iiiarves, that the statements
could have been true at the time, made by
Commodore Jones and General Smith, in 1849,
respecting "the extensive mud flats before the
town, making the distance of more than half ti
:mile from -the shipping to the shore; causing
the suspension for days together of all com
munication between the town and shipping by
reason of at - f - PiigUs -- and cross seas," Thhat
"'San Francisco is in no way fitted for com
mercial purposes; there being, no harbour, a
bad lending place, &c." Al) these appalling
facts have been overcome, and a fine ,conuner
cl7ll city is now growing up,—from high water'
mark the -Own - exttmtl - about querterof
back on tolerably level`ground before it reach"-
es the high hills, and about throe quarters of
a mile in length, the streets run at right an
gles. Most of them nro now built
. up with
very many good substantial brick buildings.—
Montgomery street would compare with ninny
with many streets in the Eastern cities. The
streets are now nearly all graded and planked;
so that there will be no stickibg in the mud
this winter.
There is a range of high hills running ar
around the town, the sides of Which aro pret
ty well sprinkled with buildings of various de
scriptions,und canvass tents. T should'think '
it would be tiresome to climb tbehill to get to
them; they have,-however, the benefit of the
pure air, and plenty of it. ; •
Most of the streets are crowded with people;
you would wonder whore they all came from.
A person making his way through the Streets.
in the forepart of the day, has frequently to
dance a polka to avoid being run over by the
-numerous-carts anti light-wagons:
houses are to be seen in all parts a the town;
the headquarters for this abomination, how
ever, is on Kearney street, fronting the public
square, forMerli the - old. plaza. There is a
row of long andheautiful buildings, the motif,
of them brick,-..rauning, from Clay to Jacksoh
streets, which are all appropriated to gambling
on the largest scale; in these houses are nu
morons tables loaded with gold and silver coin,
all crowded with gamblers and loafers from
moping until late at night ; no doubt many it
poor soul loses his 'all upon the turn of a sin
gle card: The morality of the place is awful
ly- bad, although there are several churches in
the place, and the clergymen that Ihaveheard
appear to me tO . be good and faithful mon.4
Yariniquity abounds 'and I am sorry to add
the love of many has grown cold: believe
that many 4who , N;ere shining *Ms in the
churches they left in the cast, Lave sines they
_ came here compromised their religion to the,
evil influences that prevail in this place; mid
are now worshipping 'the god of maremOn..!-
The Sabbath is 'deSecrated by shopiceepeis
keeping open their stores, hOese-racing, bull
baits and public balls' at night, and through
tho:week atnus s entents each .a.B
theatres, eirouses, &e. .The celebrated '
Collyer, who was dri:ven :front 'the States,' , ia
'hero with his model artiSts, ono of • plaint is
said to be 'his - own wife, This exhibition
- enough to put all decency to the bluski, there
Seems' to' be, however, some misgiving as Ito
the propriety! Of this'e v ithibition, as au f idit ui t
of one of the daily patters has - had boldneie .
• enough to One cut . ; in his paper, against Dr 7
Collyer and the model,,,artists, and requoi.t.i
the ; public authorities to. drive thpaont!it
, tll6'
Thollealth of SAn..rrooc.lsco'X.tiOrtk _oo
. _
A S SENER
it may
,bo, gvera.god witk t144:44 their Northlrp,
end Middle, / 3 0 1 .91 3 .• 4 0 wever think it lePPe! - .
J ? ,410 . For p4r89t . 5 . 09n.13.pg horp,!romrettr their
~nctri~.
=EI
SAN FRANCISCO, N0v..15, 1850
CARLISLE, PA.,i
el and keep the body warm, as' the changes
are more sudden herh than in the States.
The - high - winds that prevfah in the:After part
of the day, filling'the atmosphere with clouds
say intolerable. There has boon no rain here
since the beginning. of April. Some days aro
pleasant enough, which makes it a little like
civilizatitin. As the Irishman said, hanging
was nothing when- you got used to-it, so I sup
pose-by living long enough here you may get
'used to it. As regards the extant of business
done in this place, a person unless he was here
'to see for himself could form no idea of it.—
There aro hardly over loss than five.hundred'
vessels in port, and the most of them of the
largest class from all ,parts of. the World.—
Think for a moment of the, large amount of
merchandise dirmight by these ships, all of
which change hands from, day to day. I min
uet think that all these shipments will prove
profitable ; some'will be the loSers. lam in
clined to think that the Most of the losses will
fall on the shippers. There are too molly
goods of all descriptions here; many articles
are selling at auction for freight and charges.
Wooden houses are a dead loss to the shipper.
,A vast
,number of iron 'anises have been sent
out from England. '''''l ,myself had thirty-two
just from Liverpool put into the United States
'bonded warehouses this week, that will hardly
pay the duty and freight: Many wooden lion
see have been brought from China and many
from the States, - all of which will be - a loss to
the shippers. The article of coal, which was
selling a few months ago at seventy dollars per
ton, can now lie had for twenty, and may be
lower, as a vest number of, ships are expected
soon from Sidney loaded with coal.. It is hard
to tell what will be the destiny of an Fran-
cisco. It is my opinion,
.however, that there
will be a reaction in the -affairs--of, this place
before long. The high price of real estate
must come down. Rents, whieh l are beyond
all reason,'Must do the:same. The high pri
ces which retailers put upon their goods, in
order to pay these heavy rents, cannot be sue
! mined, and they must eventually come to a
I:nrcirClegitimate mode of doing business. I
cannot see any reason 'why property should be
held so high. This city cannot look for sup
port from the interior, as it is not all adapted
to agricultural purposes. There are a few
towns scattered along the lifer, but what are
they? The small trade - of these may be. cut
off by Sacramento, which is becoming, some
say, a rival, and may be made a port of entry.
I see no peculiar advantages to warrant any
person in saying that San Francisco can Main
tain itself as a great commercial city. One
great draw back which in itself is of conside
rable moment to owners of vessels, is, that all
ships eoming hero must return in ballist, and
that of Aimee dollars,per ton. Some say that
it will be sustained by the Odd This
is all problematical L-the gold fever has cooled
down considerably during the past summer.—
Thousands and tens of thousands have found
it' an unprofitable business. It is said they
could not make their expenses and would be
glad to get home but:have not the means. In ,
the early part of the SUlDlrier number of
companies were formed whckint to work at
great expense and labor to dam op the4calh
_er_ancLiaba,rin3ra in nub= divert_thasiu -
nel from its original bed, expecting to find lots
of gold in the bottom of these rivers; but,alas,
it proved an entire failure. These companies'
were broken up with the loss of all their mon
ey and labor. "The scrambling system of dig
ging_has become a lotterylwith many_ciaricsis_
against you. I think if the mines are event
mode available it must be done by organ
ized and scientific companies. So upon the
whole, I would advise' every man that Ms', a
farm or workshop or. nny business by which he
can make a living, to be content and consider
well before he risks a journey to this country
where there is So 'much uncertainty against
him. It is true Otero are a few who stumble
on a rich spot and Make their pile. 'When thiS
happens it is publisheroad far and near;
but these instances nfre rare.
Since writing the above the mail steamer
has-arrived bringing tho noes that Congress
has madesix Perts.• of Entry. in this State;
namelY,,San Dicgo,-Monte'rey, Benicia, Sacra T
went*, Stockton and'San Frinoisco. Accord.
ing to my opinion this is uncalled for and ph
surd, as the revenue of some of these ports will
will not pay the salaries of the officers and
other expenses, and in addition to this it Will
open a wide door for . smuggling. Men who
voted for this bill could not have - known any
thing about the localities of this country. I
do not however think that tho passage of this
law will materially affect tho interest or trade
of San Francisco, which - after all will be the
great'emporium of the State. We are infor
med also.by this arrival that tins is now the
fourth port in theynited States, ,Boston ,NC
York, New Orleans and San Francisco. , IThei .
would have believed a year and . a half ago
that th'e, revenue of San Francisco Would ex-
Coed that of Philadelphia . ? •Such is the fact.
I doubt whether you will find in the annals , of
hiAtory a growth so rapid as this.
Respectfully yours, •
GEO. R. CROONS.
kiErAn Irish woman who had kept a tittle
grocery was brought to :herdeathbed, and
was on the point of breathing her last, when
she called her hisband to her bedsidOik • .
"Jamia," she faintly said, "there's Mrs.
Atallony, she owes me slit shillirigs." • •
exelalinedlor husband, '"Biddy my,
y're'senSible•to the last l" . •
dear,—and•theke's 'll4s: McCraw, I
owe her a dollar." ' „. .
"06 be jagers and yo'ro just as foollieh
as ever." • •
ICtsses.,-The ladies of Troy , have introdn
ced a new feature at theii fairs, from - whiCh
. t 1 My realize a much handsomer aura than frOm
lotkerles, viz: that of.ceiling their confeeticin=
lari tQ gentleman, young , and old.. .All the best
Looking girls, wear placards, "Kisses !one slut
ling each,; " pomp charging g qquarter of a•
dollar, and others six. cents, according to the
beauty, of- those the market. , Gentle:Men'
are =Fantod to : go, in accordiug,to
,the,weilht
of their purses, .and one of, the newspapers of
y \hat villagb says tha ieyzty
t a on lo ci in on
eros o y li l a ip ro p ed, brig G'
4ed girl realized si
night •, and another, party .dine dollars and a
half. , One gentleman purchased olovonAollas .
worth of , owootnos4..t p
fh,:itOfi . i.4,7;it . if . kfi',. •‘:: ..:;,31:gOirii,t40,' . -s.itilits.i.„; . ' ':-iink.:. '.'.6tittrAL .".nit.ioiitithi;..
SOIL LET AIEADD i' .. RE;ERO . IIII.--.llishoi; 1141:
'WEDNEODAY9, 4A-NU. ARV 4,59 18g 1 •
Vikrtlituttnito.
INECIEIGIREMISM
IN Norivoy;' the ground is.oversPretul with
snow forthrec, quarters of tho year and not
unfrequently, to a-depth of ten feet. When Et,
thaw 'conies; it is only the surfade of the mass
that melts and then tho next frost of course
covers the whole country with amlist.pf
In such circumstances, there is .no getting a
long in the Mina' way;
.Timp,eOplemtust still
ascend the hills- and dive into the valleys in
pursuit of game; they must Still traverse the
hoary forests to gather 'wood for ftiel; and they
must still jetirney to the distant towns to bring
feed.to-thelr isolated hamlets. In these eicur
sionit, whether long or short, they 'use skates.
Skating is with them neither a 'mere amuse
ment nor a gymnastic exorcise; it is ti.;means
of iocofftotion which the nature of the 'ground
,renders indispensable, and a Man who. , could
not skate Would be unable to walk to anyuse
ful purpose. •
It is Melancholy tO.think thafone of the most
delightful winter customs bus, like ninny other
things goothin themselves, been•pressed into
the service of war. In the army of 'Norway,
there is a company of, skaters, - dressed in the
dark-green of English. riflemen, and 'armed
merely 'with a slight musket slung upon the
shohdder,and a dagger-sword. They are like-,
wise provided with anima Painted etiff, seven
feet long, resembling those used by. the Swiss
when traversing the - glaciers; which - series to
balance them as they sweep along the ice; and
which they strike deep into the ground. whon
they desire to stop in their headlong career.—
Thestaff is also indispensable as affording a
rest for their pieces when they fire. Their
skates aro of a peculiar construction, being
singularly long; and when thus shod, it is a
strange - sight, rink in times of - peace, 111 . p -the
present, an amusing one, to see this light com
pany climbing with ease the icy hills, gliding
down their precipitous sides, and striding, es
Rlopstock says, with winged feet Ova; the wa
ters, transmuted into solid ground, risif is de
fiance of the common laws of nature.;
Skating was known to the y ancostets of the
Northmans, if we take the date 'assigned. by
some authors to the Edda as evidence, eight
centuries ago; the-00tiller being reprepented
in the Scandinavian scriptures as remarkable
or his beauty, his arrows, and his skate's. The
exercise is not_ mentioned by the Creek and
Illinann writers, though rio well acquainted with
nll othe'r gymnastics r but Klopstocb, Goethe,
Herder, and other Gorman poetsing the
praises of the art. In Holland it id practised,
as in Norway, not for, its gracefulne.4, but for
its utility; and` thei.e it 11ccutnol: - .Tor the
countryAnplo to- akate-to—marktrt, i During
the famous exindition of Louis 2;1I; „his art
of locomotion was used agitiit tio DutCh
themselves in one of the mnst'curicnis rind da-
ring exploits recorded in history. When the
states sued for peace, the terms offered by the
pride of Louis, - were so monstrous that •the
people tore open their sluices, and laid the
country undo• water. The frost, after a time,
however, rendered even this, unavailing; and
at length General Luxembourg,.one dark and
-freezing-night-onomrted—twelve - thousuit n
on skates; and Sent them over the ice from
Utrecht to surprise the Hague. The result is
given as follows by-a writer Who' takes his
facts from a French historian:
4' , llThen they loft Utrecht, it was clear fros
ty—weather; and 'Alia-effect of-the. -moon--and
stars upen'the even sheet of ice, over which
they stiopt like a breeze; was truly Magical. zz
By degrees, as they advanced, the visible ho
rizon of earth was obscured by vapor, and,
they could see nothing around,. above, or be
oath "plea), but a circular expanse of ' ice,
bounded attlie edge by thick gray clouds, and
canopied by the starry curtain of the sky.—
The strange groaning sound, which over and
anon boomers along the frozen lvilderness, had
at first something inexpressibly terrific to
imagination.; iniitas it died fitfiilly away in.
distance, the space Surrounding them seemed
extended almost, to infinity. The sky at length
was gradually covered by the vapors rising, as
if from the edges of the circle of earth ; a veil
of dull and hazy white overspread the heiivens,
and obscured the stars; and a dim round, spot
of watery brightness, was the only, indication
of the site of the moon, by which alone they
could steer their. course: •
"A rapid .thaii - hhd coma- on; their skates
sunk deeper and deeper into the ice at every
sweep; and at last, the wateriathering upon
the surface, as it was "agitatmLby tho,night.:
wind that hadinoW. Aeon, assumed the appear
ance of it sea. The wind increased; the sky
grew blacker and, blacker.; Ltheir_footing be
caine inore spongy and insboure ; they plunged
almost to the knee; and' the ice grouncd.and
cracked beneath them: Bvery cinelsioked upon
himself as lost; and the horrorS of a: hitiit
eito untold in story, and appearing. to belong
neither to the fortuneS of .the land4tor alp
sea, appalled'the boldest imagination.
"At length a.faint twinkling light appeared
in the distance, sometimes sernandsometimes
lost in the varying atmosphere ; , :and they had
the satisfaction, such its it was, of at leait
knowing the relative bearings of the place on,
whichthey were about to 'perish; • The light
proceeded from a . strong fort in .the enemy's
hands, impregnable v.ithent'earmon; andwhat
added bitterness to their misery, was the
knowledgethat beyond this fort was it dike,
yhich in all probability afforded a_path, how 7.
over narrow , and nniddy, by which they c'our
have retureedte'ljtrecht. fort,lthwever,
'OM gate to this L nvenue'of Safety; and civet' lf
they had possessed the. :requisite Juearis
it'Wasilefendedlbri . 'Single day, they
Would :either he sivallocied e nP byllMwatcr,
the edntinuenoe of the tir Perish misera
bly through cold end' fatigito.'-" hitt. nnythitig
was better than inaction.' Wntercreetatig
insidiously around theni Wee a:deadlier molt
than\ steno walls or canntm-shet and they d -
terrnlned et least to make' ft upop`the
movable masonry of the fort, , and.proveke the
fire of its defenders. ',lt; impossible - Le an•
dem:alai; the result. If may have tbn s bthati
the sight-qf so large a body of men rushing tri
nime. them, as if iron theopem sea, their nuML .
berg andevent . heirindividual forms .
,distorted auk magnified ,inthe mist, "struok'a
panto' tenor into:: the hearts of the --
•while • this 'may have, been mores?
ME
• . .
'shouts Of courage or despair, booming„widely
over the icy wink% and iningling like the voice
of de . inons with the rising wind. But however,
itwa4.l,lie-gates of_the-ibrit'oPecectattlicirnp ,
pronch,, and the lielplesi and half-troien adven
turers rusliedin ' without striking a blow."—
Chambers!' rosrnal. ,
THE FOOL'S PENCE.
'• In the yes ma-, i n a handsomelyternisheil
Parlor whieV,opened out of that noted London
gin shop milled TkFunali sat its inis
tress,,the gaudily dressed Mrs., Crowder, con
yersing with an 'obsequious neighbor..
' "Why',"Mrs. Crowddr, - I really mast say
you have things in"the first style! Whal ele
gant papering I what noble chairs! what a
pair of fine screens !! all so bright and freSh
Then, the elegant stone copings to your win
dows, and, those beautiful French window
frames! And you have been sending your
daughters - to the genteelest boarding school;
your sluip•is the best furnished, and yout; cel 7
lars Are the best filled lit allthisyart of Lamm.
'Where can you find thci needful for all these
grapd.tiiirigs ?=Dear WI. Crowder; how do
yet manage?
Crowder simpered, and cast a look of
smiling oontempf through the half open door,
into the shop filled with droughty custoibers.
" The fool's pence !—'tis :THE FOOL'S PENCE
that does it for us," she said. And her voice
rose more shrill and loud than usual, with the
triumplisshe felt.
Her words reached the ear of one customer
—George Manly,, the carpenter, who stood
near the counter. Taming his eyes. upon
those around hini, saw pale, sunken cheeks,'
inflamed eyes and ragged garments. Ile then
then turned them upon the stately apartment:
he looked through the, door into the parlor,
and saw looking-glasses, and pictures, and
gilding, and fine furniture, and a rich carpet,
and Miss Lucy in a sjk gin, at her piano:
and he thought to himsek, how strange it is!
how curious that all this wretchedness on my
left hand shoultqo made to turn into all,•this
rick finery oh my right !
"Well, sir—and what's for you ?" said a
Arill voice which made the FOOL'I3 'PENCE ring
in his eats. .
"A glass of gin, ma'am, is what I•was Wai
ting for ;, : .,but I think I've paid the last fool's
pence_th44„shaliput down onthiecounter for
many a long day."
Manly hastened home. Ills wife and his
two little girls were seated at work. They
were thin and really in want of food. The
room looked very cheerless, and their fire was
so small as hardly to be felt; yet the dullest
observer Would have been struck by the neat
ness that reigned. •
It was n joyful surprise to them, his retur
hag, so early that night, and returning sober
and in a good humor.
" Your byes aro weak to-night, wife," said
George, or else you have been crying. I am
afraid you work too much by candle light.
His wife smiled and. said, "working does
not hurt my eyes;" and she beckoned to her
little boy, who was standing ap,art, in corner
—evidently as a culprit.
" Why, John,' what's this I see?" said his
father. Come and.tell me what
doing."
John was a 'plain, spoken boy and had
straight forward way--.lle came up to his
father, and Mk - ell - full in his face, and said,
"The baker came for his money to-night and
would not leave the loaves • without_it;_imt.
'thouglihe was cross and rough, ho said moth
er was not to blame, and that he was sure you
had been drinking away all the money ; and
*hen he was gone, mother cried over her
work•, but she did riot say anything. I did not
know she was crying till I saw her tears drop
ping on her hands; and then I said bad words;
and mother put ma in the corner."
."Tell me whaeyour bad words were,john,"
said his father; not swearing, I hope?"
"No," said John coloring; I said yOu-were
a bad man! I said, bad father !"
, i/ind they were pad words, I em sure,"
said his mother;. "but you are forgiven ; so
now bring me somo coal from iheAtx."4
George looked at the face, of hid wife ; and
as he met the tender gaze of her mild eyes
now turn to him, he felt the tears rise in his
own.. Ho rose up, and putting money into her
hands, he said "There are my week's wages.
Come, come, hold out both hands, for you
have not got all yet. Lay it out
.for the best.
as yeti always do. I hope this will be a be.,
ginning of better doings oh my part, and hap
pier dayS on yours."
George told higWife, after the 411dren:were
gone to bed; that when he saw what the pence
of the poor could do towards -keeping-up %
fine house, and dressing out, the landlord's
wife and daughters, and when he thought of
his own hard-working,,uncomplaining Susan,
'and his ehildren.in want, almost rags, while
he was sitting drinking, night after night, de
stroying hitl health and strength, ho was' so
struck with sorrow and @mine; that he seemed
to 'come to himself at last. , 110 determined,
from. that , hour, never again to put the Meal.:
eating glass to his lips.
. . .
Moro tbada year afterwards, ono Sunday
afterhoon, as Crthrclei:,cd' the Punch Bowl,
was walking witlt,her , 'daughters to the ten
gardens, they wer.f„ , ,ovdtaken by a violent
shower of rain; and had becom'o at least half
drenched, when they entered a comfortable
looking Louie, distinguished bts..coinforts
'anl Witless from all others 'lair. IL.: Its good
rinint:ed inistress diul , her two'gobd girl's did
all they'could to dry and wipo-nway UM rain
drops and nuid 'splashes front: iliO ladies' fine.
silk gowns; all draggled and , gelled, te - ioptlir
as fiir as possible, 43vo ' ry mischief 'done to their
drosses and parsons. ' •
When all had lieen'done that could bo'done ,
and; 'es Miss Lucy Said; they ' , began 'to' look
. .thinnsell;eo • again,":„ Mrs., Crowder, 'whciwos
lolling im huge arm chair, and amusing' her
self by . it aare, at every thing ,in the.• roon,
tiuddonly started, forward, trad addresshag hor 2 -
soli t v t the 'mentor of the house, whose Bible
and' ose face just : caught
,hpr eyo-- , !,lWhy,
mY'good man, wo are old friends; IknowTyour
'i'apa,, I'm oertalit; - still thero ~ i 's' some change
4 1 Y9t!, , ,thengh I. oa 't say What is."
• ' t
, 41, wed. to : bola r ggod cloths and „put of
health," said Goor 'o Manly, smiling: now
thank God, I am con
fortably clad, and in' 14-
\
i:ellent health." '
"But how is it;" said Mrs. Crowder, •'that
wo never catch a sight-of you?" 4
• : "Madam," said ho, am sure I wish you.
tn thank--you„-fnr_
words of yours fist. opened my. eyes
,toomy
eyes.to my foolish and, ..wiked. course. My
wife and ohild.teu were half-naked and half
starved, only this time last year. Look at.
them, if you please, now—foi abet, content
ed looks, and decent clothes, match them
- with any man's wife and children. And now,'
madam, I toll you, • , 88 you told' a friend of
yours one day last year,—'tis soots' mama
that have done all this for us: The fools' pence !
—I ought rather to say, the pence earned by
- honest industry; and spent so that we can ask;
the blessing or: God upon the peace." • .
• Mrs. Crowder never recovered the customer
she had lost.
j' TIIE LAWYER OUTWITTED
Jim , S,..poSioks, a horse-jocky, who also de
lights in ooek-fi . ghts, and boasts that ho can, at
any time, - bring up a -Aoster - that mill 'whip
any other one that can be produced, happened
once,. to have his favorite rooster most horribly
bruised, by on ordinary looking barn-yard fowl,.
belonging to a neighbor. Jim, however, was
not the iman to 'give it up so.'
114014 noised abont the ncigliborhood that
he bad found his match for once, a lawyer in
a village near by, sent Jahn word that he could.
acqommodato him with a feathered pugilist
that would give tho victor a specimen of Bue:.
na Vista warfare. Jim hastened down totho
village, and—without stopping to see the roos
ter, paid two 'and a half dollartfor him, and
obtained admission to the coop, and,took his
property: - The lawyer. had immediate busi
ness out of town. Nothing ilas heard from
Jim or his rooster, but it fitially:leakcd out
that he had been jockied !, Jim had paid tint
• twenty shillings for a very respectable..hen
hawk!
This is the way that Jim was but ho
had his revenge, as youwilbsee presently. _
Early one morning our jockey called at the
lawyer's residence, with a beautiful steer,
which ho had just-driven ixtto the - Village.. -
• "Look here, Spier Littleton," said he,
"don't you . want to buy this 'ere steer ?"-
"1 - guess not Jim."
" Yes yor do, though. lie's an exact match
to your'n, and I've got to go down to court to
hyvhp - horge - with solophon; And will sell him
cheap."
"How cheap?"
"Wall, seebe as how I want the money
dreadful bad, per may her him for ten dol-
IMS
- SteerS like Jim's were selling rapidly for
from $3O to $3O. The lawyer handed, Jim
tho X„ and told John, his tdred - mmi, to put
the steer in pasture with-his own.- -
Soon afterwards John returned with
int; eounteinuaoe:
said lawyer L., how do yin like
the new steer? Is Ilea match for mine?"
"An exact match," said John, "at least le
ought to be, for you've been sold."
"Sold!"
ou hare been
couldn't help smiling; and, as Jim bad never
said anything to him about the game cock, lie
concluded to play the stoic, too, and say no
thing about the steer.
Our hero, after waiting' frqm his custimer,
_ruade..it convenient.to_calLupon.him.one..day.._
• "Squire," said he, "I am pesky Sick:of that
steer bergitin, and her come to trade back if
you haiilt no objections."
"The duce you have ?"
"why sartin,' replied JIM. d lie laid the
money upon the Itraryer's - desk, and commen
ced whistling a favorite aegro mellody.
'"See'hero Jim," said Mr. take your
money and go home- Ik's n good 'joke, but
don't tell nobody: '
"Wall, if 'you want the steer, - 1 - 'sposo you
must have him, but he's worth more than tan
dollarB.l.
"Yes, sold!
_The_steer you gave over twen,
y dollars for a week ago, you have again paid
en for!"
At this stage of the conversation, lim had
reached .the door, with the money is his pock
et, ho halted suddenly, as,though ho had for
got something of importaco, ho bawled -- out
in his peculiar way,
I say, Squire, you haint got no more mis
ters you want to sell, have yOr!"
NATURE'S ENGINEERS.
Benton, in his Into speech in the Son
nto:in favor of the bill for the contrnotion of
a road from St. Louis to San Francisco said_.:
Therotis an idea becoming current of late—a
new born idea—that none but a man 'of sci
ence,---bred-in-it school, can lay -off a road.—
That is a mistake. There 10 a class of topo
graphical engineers older than the schools and
more unerring than the mathematicians. - They
are the wild animals—Buffalo, Elk, Deer, An
telope, Bears—which tie-versed tho forest, not
by compass but by an 'instinct which leads •
them always the right way—to the -lowest
passes in the mountriins,lho shallowest fords
in the; rivers, the richest plistures
. 1.0, 'the for- -
osts,' the best salt , springs; and tiro shortest
-practicable -L..
lines, between remote paints.
They travel , thousands of miles, have an- ,
nasal migrations backwards and forwards,- and
and never miss the shortest and best route.—
These are the fleet engineers to lay out a rend
in a now country; 'the Indians follow them,
and hence a 'Buffalo road becomes a war path.
The . first • white hunters , . followed the same.
path in pursuit of game, and after, that the,
buffalo road becomes the wagon road
.effthe:
white. Man; 'enit - finalli .the macadamized - 'orl
railroad 'of the scientific - mid. ell - resolves,
itself - into the; sinsuo, thing,—into
.the buffalo;
road ; ; , and hence the buffalo. become? dm first;
Itud,stifept engineer. Thee, it. has been
&the mairdneS which we intiabit,'itnd the his
tory of which is so:familier. The present na
tional road frora Ctunberlend, over the Allegh
anies, , . was the military road of Gen. Braddock,:
which had. been thaluffele Path' 'Of the wild
'animate. "So 'of the from Western;
Virginia to Kentucky-ono through tlie gap',
'of the Cumberlandmountains,:the other down
the iadley,,of -the - Koehawa„ ..They were the
war paths of the Indian 'Mal travelling; route
of' the buffalo, and their first white aoquain
tenets thetarly heaters: i3uffaloci l made them .
in going from the salt, springs on the, Holston
to the rich pasturesaminalt springs Of 'Kent!
tacky Indiarri' followed them first, white then
afterwards—and that - . is the way KenttickY
was discovered. ;du Mere thane. huudred . yrsi;
no better routes have been found ; and. menet?
now makes her improved roadi'exattlY 'Where
the buflilio's foot tirstinarked the way, and th 4
hunter's' foot 'Ole/Welds followed Mtn.
VOLUME Li. •No 20
Itinut
---:--rizirrufeivaiorfarrifougcnccr.
AGRICULTURAL GEOLOGY--No. I.
BY JOSIAH HOLBROOK
No class of the community 'Mita in equal
interest in geoljagy with farmers. No science
s so interesting to farmers turgeology, in con
nection with chemistry. The two soleness can
notbo separated and justice done to either.—:
While the elements of mar globe, especially of-
soils, require chemical tests to determine their.
character, these very•elements are absolutely
essential for experiments to detonable the fun
datnental principles of chemistry. Oxygen.
the most powerful chemical agent in creation. ,
'is also the most abundant material in rooks or,
soils. The , one as an element, the other as - an.
.agent, ore alike essential to each other, and
both indispensable; as at the foundation of oil
agricultural science. •
A knowledge of such is as
,'feasible as it is
important—entirely within .the comprehension
of a childeix.years , old. - Each is ' a science of
facts more than of abstract reasoning--of facts,
too,.equally instructive and delightful to every
young mind.
Take as example: The child has placed be
fore him two glass tumblers; the ono contain
ing (Martz, the other limo or sand and chalk.
The'name of each is of course as readily learnt
RS the nans - of iron; load, gold, tree, house, or
any other object in Nature or Art. Into each•
tumbler is poured some sulphuric or'muriatio
acid. In the 4tumbler of limo the pupil cob
an'tiction=iu that . Of quartz no action.
He is told this action is called effervescence.-
lie hence learns to recognize limo and quartz,.
and the more certainly from the recollection
that Ihe one effervesces with acid and the oth
er does not.
Here is an example of geology and chemist
try alike useful to the farmer's child, or any
child. The same simplicity and direct funda
mental instruction run through 'the whole of
both - of - these exceeding practical sciences.
I May hereafter point out a few.df the lend
ing principled of these two sciences, their con
nexion with each other ; their essential im
portance to all classes, and, most of all, far
mere; the exceeding fitness for the early in
struction of children, and the entire-feasibili
ty of having them .among the .!`,first lessons.
taught in each of the eight thousand American
schools."
No. 2
Oxus is the Greek word' for acid;'ginomai,
in Greek, means malttk innce the literal mean
ing of oxygen is acid maker. Combined with
sulphur it forms sufphuric acid; with nitrogen,
nitria acid; lyith4arbon, carbonica4ll, , 4e.--L
Respiration, conitiusfign ara'formentation'are
tho three principal liperatiorth producing thO
combinations of oxygen .and carbon; the re
sults, carbonic acid.
Acids .combine readily with metals, earths
and alkalies—as iron, and potash.
chemists these combinations arc called salts,.
designated by the termination ate. Sulphuric
acid combining with various bases, prodaces
out ,hates• nitric, nitrates; carbonic, carbon-
afes. Sulphate of lime is gypsum or plaster
of Paris; sulphate of iron, -copperas; of soda,
ghiuber salts of magnesia, epsom salts. The
carbonate of lime, is common limestone, mar
bles, chalk, and many beautiful crystals.- 7 -
Carbonates of iron,_eopper,_andlead_nrosores
of those metals.
About a century ago water was found to bo
composed of oxygen and hydrogen, and com
mon air of oxygen and nitrogen. About half
a century since oxygen was found by Sir Hum
phrey Davy to be an, el6ent of rocks, of
course of soils, es it was of the alkalies, com
bined with' oxygen, wore found by tho same
great chemist, to be metidi very peculiar in
character. - .
It,honec appeSrs that oxygen is an element
in air, diMth and water; existing abundantly..
in solid, liquid and - venial forms. In the whole
it constitutes nearly half our globe: It is, 'of
course, the most abundant clement in thn'Ma- '
terial world. It is also the most important a
gent in producing-Changes in . matter essential
'to human existence: It is Very- appropriately
called Oaf air,, as neither animal' life nor any
life can, exist without it. It is no loss essen
tial to combustion than to life. It also acts
With greaf energy upon metals and other sol
id substances. In this action it produces three
very large and very important classes of bo
dies---,-oXydes, acids Mid salts. Iron rust is
oxyde of iron; the dross of lead, oxydeoflead;
burnt lime, the oxyde of calcium; pure pot
ash, the oxyde of 'potasium; pure soda, the
oxyde of sodiuM; sile.sor flint, the oxyde of `°
silichun. The combination of ono part.of ox
ygen and four of nitrogen constitute the atmo
sphere; three parts oxygen and one--nitrogen
form uitiic, acid, aquafortits. Cembir.t. with
other substances, it forms, numerous acids.—
Saltpeter is the nitrate of .potash.;.- The largo
quantity of oxyiert It receives from the nitric
acid fits it for' the material in gu,upowder—
giving t 4..! that powerful agent • its; principal
power. • , - .
A plate, tumbler and scrap of paper, with a
little water,. wiltenable any teacherLor parent
to perform en experiment on,oxygen equally
simple, instructive and interesting l ..ltn deep
plate.pournerne_waterl,_9_ the * .wator_place.a_
scrap Qf thick paper, piece of cork or ; other
light substance; 'On thatnnother piece, of pa
per or cotton. oistened with ; oil.. On lighting
the paper or, cottop,,Place'oyer ifa large emp
ty tnmhler. The combustion ' continues for a
few seconds, and when it is' extinguished the .
wnter'ocouPies aped nue fifth of :th'e apnce'in
the tumbler, showing .the necessity of.otygen
foiCombustion,end that it constitutes; nbent_
one fifth of
,the air we breathe. What. Man,
,woman or, child would not, like to be familiarly
acquainted with an clement se' abundant and
an agent so active as. oxygen, especially when
suchnp acquaintance is equtqly Idtnple, nseful
and delightful? , ; ; • ' '
t4adil of the fact,
that the givie Z alt Ler lx au a. noble `y•cuth,.* a
hOrO,6;kCi!tiFtti,:#ltl,lo calla tiparaion
beauty', '
and they ktop
iekling each "othei AMR' they iet:loliitokAnd
en carats the i3ooldltig. - • ' '
‘2O smallest miseries are itayarst
RI