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ME
MBE
IV
-•-
A pArtutLy cirpWSlrA.. l r-ER
. .
'D TO .GENtRAL' iITERATIURE AGRICtIATt ' - E. 7 Et "
vomiwans arcalt,
PItSIDENT'S
,MESSAGE.
•To the .Senate orka ' ' „ " '
House-of Repriaidtatives of the M S.:
. .
If any People ever had cause to render
tip thank's tb the Supreme Being for paren
tal care and protection extended to them
.`in all the trials, and .di(ficulties to which
. 'they have been from time to time expos
ed, we certainly are that People. Front
the first settlement of our forefathers on
this continent—through the dangers attend
hut upon , the occupation of a savage' wil
derness—through a long period of Colonial
dependence—through the war of the Rev=
olution—in. The wisdom which led to the
adoption of fiteialtisting Republican forma
of GriOritinent—in the hazards incideht
to, a war subsequently waged with one. - of
'the most powerful nations of the earth—in
the ineretipe of our pitpulation-4n the
'spread, of the asts.and'sdiences, arid ih the
strength and durability Conferred on OH
, :cal Instituthilis emanatteit from the People
and sustained) by their will—the superlhten
'denee ol'an titerruling.Plmvidenee has lieeti
. iplairllY A/Sible: - • As prepratory, therellire;
. to entering dnce more tiPon the high, di]-
. ties or legislation, it beedines us humblY to
,achlow/edie but dependence dpon Hith ae ,
.as our gilidii and protector, and to imploie 1
,a continderiee Of His parental Watclifulheia
over out lieldtmd,countrY. We
_have neit ,
cause for the ekkessioli of our gratitude in
• the preservitifin orthe health or our fello4:
citizens, with iiithe partial and local eicep;
firms, . during the peat season--for the
' !abundance with *Mai the earth . has yield:
jt i
ed up its fruits to ill latiors of die,husband
i'liiiii—for the renews aetivity which has
bee 6 imparted to eel therce—for the revi-,
'cal .or trade in all its
_depaitilients—fot the ,
.lite r reaied ,rewards attendant on the exer
'else of the mechanic arts—for die confiru:.
ed grok'vtli of our populatioh and the rapid-
Iv teVi'vilig prosperity of tile *Kite 'coon-
try. I hall be permitted to eteliange Con:
kratelatioilli With you, gentlemen of the
. tWO Houses of Congress, on ,these nevi.:
. I.;„triiiii cirettritgialicea, and•to assure you, in
allihlitee; of Mk ready disposition to concur
wit!! You hi the adoption of all swill meat
tires as eliall•be 'calculated to 'increase the.
happiiitigs of Otir.'constittients and to ad.: l
,tvainte the 'litri of our 'common country:
Since the last adjtittinntent of Congress,
the Exectitll , 6 has relaked no effort to rein
der indestrallide the _relations of amity
which so hapri!lY,eiist itetween the United
States and-.Othei• countries. The treaty.
lately concluded tt.iiii Great Britain has
tended greatly to iiteiease the good under
standing which a reeltifocity of interest is
calculated to encourage: iind it is most ar
dently to be hoped that•iiiithing May trans
pire to interrupt the. rehtlioni Of amity
. which it is go obviously the poliby of both
Ai:tibias to cultivate. •
A question of much importanCe still re-,
linli4ls to he adjusted .between thein. The 1
territorial limits of t h e two countries in re- -
iatiou to What is commonly Itnod'it as the
Oregnit territory, still remains in ili6pte.,
The United States would he at all times;
indisposed to aggrandize themselves at the
expense of any other nation; but while I
they would be restrained by principles at
honor, which should govern the comfort of
nations as well as that Of individuals, from
setting up a demand fora territory which
dims not belong total, they would as nn
willingly consent - t a surrender of their
rights. Abp.: the most rigid, and as far acg
iiracticable unbiassed examination of the
subject, the United States have always con-.
moiled that their rights appertain to the en-
tire region of country lying on the Pacific,
and embraced within the, forty•second and!
Atte-fourth degrees of North latitude.--
This claim being controverted by Great'
Britain, thoee who have preceded the pros
'ant Executive, actuatezl. no doubt,- by an
(eaineot desire to adjust the matter upon
norms mutually satisfactory to both coon
ariea, have caused to be submittel to the ,
lßritish , Governsaent, propositions for set-;
dement and final adjustment. which, how-1
ever, have 'not proved 'heretofore t.ccepta-
We to it: Our Minister at London' has;
under instructions. : , gaitt brought the sub
ject tor, the consideration of that Govern
meot;.and while nothing will be done to
.compromit the rights, or honor of the Uni
ted States, every proper expetlent will be
'resorted to in order to bring the negotiation
.!now in the progress of resumption, to a
opeedy and happy termination. In the
meantime it is proper to remark, that many
oureitizetutilre _pither.alreadY .establisht.
eg in; the tet'ritory, or are, on their way
thither for liurPose 'Of foiming perma
meat. settlements, while Others are prepar
follow:---and in these facts,
'•gmlustrepeat the recommendation contain
mesSages; fOrythe establish ,
iment.df 'military posts, at such places, on
iheilinelif travel, as will furnish security
and protection to" ottr. 'hardy adventurers
against hostile tribes of Indians inhabiting
thosO extensive regions. Our laws should
also follow • them, so modified as . the cir
: cumitances of the case require. 'Under
the'intluenee. of Our free system of govern
ment, new ietiablicti are destined to spring
'up,:at no distant day, on the shores of the
Pacific, similar .in policy and in , feeling io
those existing on , this side of the .11o.elty•
Mountains, and giving a wider nod' more
extensive spyead .to the . priticiples of civil
and' religiote,,liti,64: ".." •
to:jpiokm yrin that. the cases
hicli have atisen.'.`fiom time to thire.r.Of
Wit cdetentioo of , American by Utit=
'isb"' cruisers oetha' eo;Ast, fricit, under
prOdeelialbeing engaged in the ; slave
. trsthi,,,4 ve been placed in a.fsiv train olad
'-iiiiitino4l.• 'ln the carte of the W William and
vzEtimeli; Nati:44°4oW Will allowed.
.1 1 the moot' of 0.10 TygriittindSesinew,.the
iris .
Mt;:,ut . ad m that: satisfaction •
it due. In the east: of tlii.letieS'e 'the sum
, witting ficiitit''tlie 'ads of%thiti Vessel and
qiuttwityil) be pitiAto the
*moot but be
myself that 101 l ihaeinni~ ; '
:..10omiort„ will. be., allowed for ell' •damages
isuruitiriALll they detention
di of the- i Douglty3.o l o;Maj7.
has elpressetlits
1 -
; (Itopet: aref the
rtforw efitirteul , tV#4onat,
ofk ,
eta' etedi.,
iOakkO f frl 9 81 tee
the' ratification otitqw.Peittor.olfot
Nike.
ton; and, it is confidently anticipated, that
the slave trade, under the operation of the
eighth article of that treaty, will .he altil
gether suppressed. , • .
The .obbbsional interruption.eiperienbed
by out felicw citizens engaged.in the SsHi=
eries .oh : the neighboring coast of NoVa
Scotia; lies not•failed to claim the atieritied
of the hiecutive. Representations upon
this ilitibjeet have been made . , but as yet
no defiriite answer to those representations
has been iiceived from the British Govern
ment.
Two •other subjects of comparatively
minor : importance,but nevertheless of too
match consequence to be neglebted; remain
still to be adjusted hetWeeri the tWo Cann:.
tries. By the Treaty between the United
States and- Great Britain, of Jul,', 181 - d; it
is provided that no higher duties shall be
levied in either country on artieleb import:
Ed from the.other, than on the - same article
imported from any nthet in 1830;
rough rice by abt of 'Fsailiaiiiehtosias ad
mitted frbm the Cdast of ' A frlha into Great
I . lritalh oh the payment a a dhty- Of one
penny a quarter; While the same article
from all other countries; ineltidleg the Uni
ted States. was subjected. to the paynient
hf a ditty p 1 twenty shilling's a quarter.—
tint Minister at London has from time to
time bfought this subject to theohonsidera
lion of the British Govailithent, bht so far
without Suceess.- He IS instructed to re
new his tepresentatiotig iition
,Some--years since a elaith was preferred
against the British Gdireiliinent oh the part
Of certain American 'merchants, fdi. the re
turn-of etport duties paid by therii on 'ship
ments of ivdollen goods to the United States
after the ditties on similar articles exported
to other eolihtries had been repealed, and
crinseqdehil3r in contravention of the com
merdial Convention betiveen the two na
tions seating to us edtiality in such eases.
Theprinciple on wide!' the claim rests'
has long since been virtually admitted by
'Great Britair., hat obstahlei to ti settlement
have from time to time been interposed, so
that triarge portioit of the-amdtint claimed
has not yet been - refunded. Ohr Minister
is now engliged iii the prosecution of the
and I cannot but ,persuade myself
that the British GoVernment will ho longer
delay its adjestinerti.
I am happy to be able to say that: noth
ing has occurred to disturb in any degree
the r elations , ;Malty which exist lietween
the United Stales and France, Austria atid
Russia, as well as with the other Powers
if Etirope;.sinee the adjournment of Con
gtess.. Spain has bee ti agitated with inter
nal rootolkion6 for fatty years, from' the
effects of whieh it is to be hoped /She is
destined speedily to retiorer—when; under
a more liberal system ofeninniercial policy
nit her part, our trade with her may again
till its old and so far as her continental pos
sessions are concerned; its almost forsaken
chancels, thereby adding to the mutual
prosperity of both countries.
The Germanic Association of Customs
and Commerce, which, since its establish
•ittent in 1853, has been steadily growing
in power and importance: and consists at
this time of more than twenty German
States, and embraces a population of 27-
600,000 of people united for all the pur
•p6es tff coininercial intercourse with each
other and With foreign States, offers to the
latter the most valuable exchanges on prin
ciples more liberal than are offered in.. the
li.cal irYstein of any other European power.
From origin, the importance of" the
German Union has never been lost siglit'of
by the United States. The industry, 111 0-
raljty and other valuable qualities of the
Gernian nation, have always been well
knots u and appreciated. On this subject
I invite the alention of Corigress to the re
port r,f the Secretary of State, from which
it will tie cen that While our cotton is ad
mitted tree of duty, and the duty on rice
has b e en goer+ reduced, Which has already
led to a grertly increased. Consumption, a
strong disposition has been tehently evinced
by that great body in reduce, upbh certain
conditions, their present duty upon tobahco.
This being the first intimation of a crinees
sion on this interesting subject ever made
by any European power, I cannot but re
gard it .as well calculated to remove the
only impediment which him so, far existed
to the' most liberal commercial intercourse
between us and them. In this view, our
Minister,at Berlin, who has heretofore in
dustrionsly pursued the subject, has been
instructed to enter upon, the negotiation of
a commercial treaty, which, *bile it will
opeenew advantages
.0 tolheauricultural in
terests of the United States, an d e a more free
and expanded field for. • cornmereial- opera
tions, will affect injtiriously no existing in
terest of the Union.. Should the ,negotia
don' be crowned With success, •its results
'wilt be conittliMidated to both' Houses' of
Congress; •
: I communicate herewith cettain despatch;
ea received fromotir Minister at Mefico;
anti also a correspondence Which has re;
ceritly occurred between .the Envoy front
that . Republic and the Secretary of State;
It must be regarded as not a little ektrzior;
dieary that the Gotternnient of Mexico, in
anticipatiOn , of a nublid •dieCtission, which
it has been pleased toinfer.froth nowgpapet
publications, as likely to placein Congress{
relating to the annexatiOn of, te:lart tO the
United States, should 'hate so fat' antici
pated the result of such discussion as to.
haieeneonimed its Aefeffnieration to Visit
stn each_ ;anticipated 'O4OO by a' retmal
deelatation'of war against the .U. Stated.-- 1 -
If designed to ,prevent Congress T from' in
troducing that question.; its a fit'sitbjeeCfnt
its calm deliberation avid t&l' judginent,,
the EXecUtiVe has' neefeetion' . ,to tfOnbt that
it will entirely fail of its Objecl: The ROO . •
roserktativea of a brave and nattintic mittplie
will puffer. nos apPreiintiiinf: of uttureciot
!sequeoees.tcvembarrase,tbenr, in,the ceurse
Qf thenr,prepOsed delibgrations;l:llrii
the-Executive Pefratinthrit'
AiOnt• . daiisiol 03' discharge
0 1 ,01o10`,dtkio' i tfici
betWein. 7 is6 . oi4:sol l ,l**.tr
since the f, rbattleooftflartt:4 ll . o A4 o !,., 6 oo?- 12 ,
fertihe " Masi of t Fired aturY, 400140.1t0n‘
114 blortbeeir attOrrtiell with'
hat*.
kept.the, 'herders otthe -01;i',"notiotOW. tit' a
pitith. ; o;;nonetOtiilikiiiii•Jit6pArp,***
• •
ERE
EWE
LP . WWEL:O2.O3ZIUO2Ca - v-mg,I2EIZIEMEILtAX 'UEL. Z:ALICEDIV.cfac/tP`Cro'
fitted . outini'ffirinidable . ' artrietneffit by land
or by sea for - the: `subj ugation of Texas.4-'-'
Eiglit'yeare have' now elapsed since Texas
declared •lier independence lof Nexia; and
during that time she - has been , recognized
as a sovereign ,ppwer by 'several of the
principal eivilized,States. Mexico, never
theless, perseveres in - her plane 'of- reedn 7
rittest, and, refuses.to recognize - her inde
pendence. , The, predatory incursions to
%villa I liatie alluded,, have, been attended,
in one instance, v;ith the breakingtip of the
courts of justice, by. 'the seizing upon the
persons-of the, judges, jury and officers of
the court, and dragging thorn along with ,
unarmed, and . therefore non-combatant
citi
zens, into a critetand;oppressive bondage,
thus leaving crime to go unpunished and
immorality to. pass unreproved. A border
iVarfare is evermore to be deprecated, arid
hV'el: such a war as has existed for so many
jretiii between these two State*, humanity
flee had great cause to
. ffidient. Nor is
Michor.iiitlition of Miner to be deplored
hilly beedirse of the indivAthial suffering at-'
thirdant ilpon it. The effeCts are far more
extensive. The Creator df the Universe
ffith ditireii man the Earth for Ills resting
plrie'e,'• and ire fryik fdF Iris subsistence.
theieffire, shall malts the first
or filiV part 'Of it ri hbene bf ,deklation, ef
fects injuriousli . iliS heritage, atitt may he
regerded a 8 d general hal:nutty: Wars may
sometimes be necessary; but all nations
!Aim a Ciiihirion interest in braking:them
speedily lb a clok. The tinted States
have eh inithediate intereat iii'Teeing an end,
put lb the Slate bf heitilitieg,
tween Mexico and Texas. They are our
neighbors, of the same clintinent, with
whom we are nor only desirobs of cultivat
ing the relations of amity; but of the most
extended coinmercial intercourse, and to
practise the righth of a neighborhood
hospitality. Ouroitit interests are deeply
involved in. the ihtilier,_since,--however
neutraltfiiay he her Course of policy, we
cannot bore toyetiatie the effects of a spirit
of jealousy ottille . part.,of [Kith of•the pow
ers. Nor cainlhis .Government be indif
ferent to the het that a 'warfare, such - as is
waged SeitVeen thok two nations, is cal
ciliated iii iveaken both powers, and finally
to render them, and especially the Wealtet
of the oil
. tWo, the subjects of interference oil
the part of stronger and More powerful Mt:
tiolis, which, . only on all'iranCing
thhir own peculiar May" eninier . iar
Mier attempt tri bon abont
with fermi. as the ciaitdition hf their inter
poshinn; !dilae iiefoaStorY to the nation
gi'atitirig thorn dortineitial to theinter
esti of the United Stati.Sl We could not
.be ei4fficted quietly in Perrnit any 'Stich
terferelree to our d i'ant age; Consider:
ing that Te.itts is slapiated frbm the United
States by a Mete ge6graphical line, that het
territory, in ihe Opinion of Many; (brined
a portion of the territory , of the bilked!
States, and it is hrlittogeneoos ih 46'1;001:i
-dol) and pursuits With the adjoining EJ tate;;,
makes clintributioni to the commeiiie iif
the world iii the saine articles with thein;
and that most of her inhabitants have been
cititens of the United States, speak the
same language, and live tinder similar po
litical institutions with ourselvei, this Gov
' ernment is bound by every consideration
of interest as %yell aa of sympathy; td See
that she shall be left flee to act; especially
in regard Id her dothestie affairs, Onaived
by force, and unrestrained by the policy or
views of other countries. In furl view of
all these considerations, the Etectitive has
not hesitated to express to the Government
of Mexico how deeply it deprecated a con
tinuance of the star, and how anxiously it
desired to witness its termination. 1 can
not but think that it becomes the U. States,
as the oldest of the American Republics, to
hold a language to Mexico upon this sub
ject of an unambiguous character. It is
time that this war had ceased. There must
he a limit to all wars ; and if the parent
State. after an eight years struggle, has
failed to reduce to submission a portion of
its subjects standing out in revolt against
it, and who have not only proclaimed them
selves to be independent, but have been
recognized as such by other Powers, she
ought not to expect that other nations will
quietly look en, to their obvious injury,
upon a protraction of hostilities. These
United Stales threw on - their colonial de'-
pendence,and established independent goy
ernmeii's; and Great Britain, after having
wasted her energie6 ili the attempt to sub
due them for a less period than Mexico
has attempted to subjugate Texas, hail the
wisdom and justice 18 acknowledge their
independence, thereBY iecognizing the ob
ligation which rested • On her as one of the
family of nations. An example thus set
by one of the proudest 6i well as most pow
erful nations of the earth, it could in no way
disparage Mexico to imitate. While, there
fore, the Eiecutive scbulJ deplore any col
lision with Mexico; iii any disturbance of
the friendly relationi WhiCh exist between
the two countries; it cahoot permit that
GoVernment to contrbritd Policy, whatever
it may be, towards Texas: but will treat
her as by the lecognliion 6f her indepen
dente the United States iiave long since
declared they would do, as entirely inde:
pendent of Mexico: The high obligatione
of public duty mai enforce from the con':
itituted authorities of thet United Statei a'
policy *Melt the aurae perievered ht ~6
li %
exicti will hairi, mainly antribUted fo
produeef, and the Eiecutive, in such 0,46-
tingendy, Will with confidence throe iiielf
upon the patriotisrii Of the'peopip to otistaio
the Govetninent id ris course ofsedan. •
Measureti 'of 'ni t 66'n'Aal •chai r itier have
recitnifr been adol44d'hy• th l eMetican Gov
ernment, Calculated i'n' no small` degree ! to
a'ffec't in tied i e f pater nations ,ivillt Alex
i
l'o; an to PA to injuriously to - silts Uni- s
fed Seates. Al foreigntle,' by d'decrie . of
the 23(1 44' f September, ' and after six
=months' from the dtiy nf its promulgation.
are forbidden" to carry on the'-businesi of
selliiwki ritail rittegtiodb %titan the
finesinf , Mesico.ts o Againsti•thia.tieer‘s our
Minister bacrint failed it.q. ternonstrate. , r ! ~
The trade fietetofaie: dartimkon, by-i*
oiti'ictib , mai , SATI64 F,li,jp , il o , l o• 6 lk:n„."!i it
capital ; was lalreadyginvtistsol .t!nd .wkli'lll•
tyatt*ttecoming of 'dailP hilirna.4 lo l/"44 l Pr t i
lance,; ha* soddenly..beeil been aroStati'!):iy a de•
;ergo Of , Yirllnd,proltiliitiOn PA 0 :P4O, of
OW Mbiinit,finitorinitint; •:ilNllllUlvfl'r may
lie the iti,ht orMhxl4 tolorphibit#4,o4t=
11111
aw7i+rz=Sts4A,l alsemeassza
. . ,
ticular course'of trade,lto the citizens or sub
jects of foreign povvem this late procedure,
say,the least of it; irearifit harsh:MO on
rriendlY isPect. , , •
.the instalments on ilia claims receno
settled by
,the. 'Convention with • Mexico:
have been punctually paid ae they have
15i1-
ler' due. and • our Minister 'is engaged
aging the establishment of a'npw conidt,is
sitin' in pursuance of The ''Conventiorl' fur
the settlement of ajusted claims.,
With the other American States our
lationS of amity and pond will have main-,
cd uninterrupted. • Our Ministernehr tiie
Republic of New Grenada, Ims st4ebtled
in effecting an adjustment of the claim. up
on that Government for the schooner " RIF
Chance," which . had been pending . foi
many years. The claim for the brig "Mor
ris,' which had its origin' during the exis
tence of the Republic of;Colonabia; and in
deinnification for which, since the' dissolu
tion of that Republic, has devolved on its
several Members, will be urged with re
flected zeal. • •
• I have much pleasure in saying thilt the
Government of Brazil has. adjusted the
claim upon that Governmentin the case of
the schooner "Jahn S. Bryan," and that san
guine hopes are entertained that the same
spirit of justice. will influence.ita, Canricila
in arriving at an early decision,upon the re
maining claims, thereby removing all 'cause
of dissention between two PoWers,•Whose
interests are to same extent interwoven
with each oilier:—
Our Minister has succeeded in inducing
a tecognition by that .Government, of the
adjustment eifected by:his. predecessor of
the first claims in the case of the " Mace
donian." The 'first instalment has been
received by. the claimants in the United
States. •
Notice of the exchange.of ratifications of
1,
the treatY . with Peru, which Will take place
et Lima. has not yet reached this country,
btit is shortly expected to be received,
when the claims upon that Repbblic will
detititless be liquidated and paid. .
.iii 'consequence of misunderstanding be
t Ween this Government and that of Boa
poi.AYres; occurring. several years ago, this
Government has remained, unrepresente'd
it that Court, while a minister from it has'
been constantly resident here. The causes
Of irritation have in a great measure passed
away, sitti it is in contemplation, in view
of the idiportant interests . winch have grown
up 'in that country, at sonic !at*, period
during Alte present,session 'of Congress,
.with the:concurrence of th'e Senate, to re
itoie iliplisritatic relations hetWeen thb tivo
coMitries.
Violer the provisions of an act of Con=
resS of the last sessirm; a Minister was
Ileitlaiehed from the United States . ii) bhi
mi, In August of the present year,- who,
from the latest accounts we have from hint;
was atucz, in l it, ?!, ihe j Ail, ei)..
teinbel• teat, In S route to Ottlaa.
'ln, regard to the intliin'trilieS re s iding
ivtthin hue juiisdtr,Upi: it lithiiSVtlte great
kiaildnee of the GOVelitineittlias been
exerted
. 16 iireeei.;i: them ,at peace• among
theinselve,. and to inspire them tVitit feel
ings of confidence, in the juiitice of this phy- :
ernment v and to cultivate friendship with
tho border inhabitants., , het happily
succeeded to a great eitent a snb-
Jec . o' regret that they softer .themaelVes
in shine instances to be iiiipoied upon by
artful and ,designing Men—atid
efforts of the Government:
The receipts iritfi the TiCasurY for the
calendar year 1843, eidlusiVe of 16abs,
Were a htile,inore than eighteen Millions of
dollars; and the eipenditUres; exclusive of
payments on the piihlic debt, will have
been about twenty-three 'millions of del:
lars. By the Act of 1842, a new • arrang
ment of the fiscal year was made, so that
it should commence on the Ist day of July
in each year. The accounts and estimates
of the current fiscal year, wilt show that
the loans and 'Preasury notes made and is
sued' before the close of the, last Congress-•
to meet the anticipated deficiency, have not
been entirely adequate7 - ^ 'Although 'on the
Ist of October last, there was a balance in
the Treasury in consequence of the provi
sion thus Matle•of $3,914,082 77, yet the
appropriations already made by Congress
will absorb that balance, and leave a prob.
able deficiency of two • millions of .dollars
at the close of the ,present fiscal year.
There are outstanding Treasury notes to a
bout the amount of four millions six hun
dred thousand dollars i and should they be
' returned upon the Treasury during the fis
cal, year,, they will require provision for
their redemption, . I do not however re
gard this as probable, since, they
.have
viously entered into . the' currency of 'the
country; continue to form alior-,
Lion of it, if the system now adopted be
continuer'. .',The loan of 1841; amounting,
to $5,672,976 88, falls - due do the fat of
Janitthe, 1813, and must be provided for,
or pdstponed by a new' loan': • ; And unleda
:the reeoureea of revenue Skald be Mater=
iafiy increased by you, there Will be-ii
ble tieficioncyrfor the,Servicc of the
year anding. June 0 , 16, of tisfithithi
of 0 b0 . 4 four millions of
The. delusion,. incident t'6' an iMettiti/i4SIY
exceisii;e:p niter circ6lail4, ) • tNilsith gave a
eieo thiAA; and atiniu
feted 411eCoture and":CPC eaglen an ex
travagant extent, hattbeen,happity succeed-,
'ed 'by stibstitiftha. af' the' precibits
als om'i' papeikijointtli . redeemable, in cpe-'
rte: mail ` thugrilleeidines.have disap peared,
‘and',4 l- 46'nder of.thitigs,h,aef been
, Thietreasition, plkhottglk,
,tiriVsyy 'eotine4etf ,sei!th'Ahrt „prosperity.. of
'OW eountryt hag nevQrthelese, been ettbri deer
. priabarreesitient, 't,193 Cs over'rt=,
tiVerif;
Pireigrifinieoo 3 'o 6 o i 6aoejiii'P:
meat or then' cargoes iil'.,a'' etirieriey 'of
=ftilly4failable" here pure hise 'of oui
lagritiploiralprodrit,iiispifohelepiitfits:'l44
immfitiegfablyalitalkinte*bythOperati4o;
,therehltimtiukCircie largo, and fhafratiriiiiett l
tOffthe:olo,oitisiletifb4.ooie
414 . 4144 0400
gptlado
ftfl,t4ooo:o4oo,oo B , o rwo*dtioiloq
it - ,n6Aimge,i,4mpte‘t the
•40 044; P f r ti t t l e i r v Ibi t i t e kt
"ril* k 4 1 44 t rit i l a rt,
.F. ; !` „o,l4lo44lootattifiedil
, ,
tetideeby diminish d• inaportetionsi and a
consequetitdang off inthe revenue." This
has induced; Congress, from , 1837,•t0
Sort:to the,,expedient of Wining 'Treasury
note,s,,andlinally of Funding them, in order
to supply deficiencies'. I cannot, however,
withhold,the
remark', that it is in no way
compatible with the dignity of the Govern ,
meat 'that I :itiblip debt should be created
in time of lieaee'(o_nteet_tbiLeurrent, eit
rien'aikof 'the' Government, or that tempo-
Tory expedients should be resorted to an
hour longer 'thanit is possible to.'avoid•
them: The Executive can do no more
than' apply the means which Congress
place's in its hands for the support of Gov:
ernmenit and happily for the good bf the,
country, and for the preservation of 16 . 116:
erties, it possesses no power to levy exac
tions on the people, or , to force frbm tem
contributions, to the public revenlie in ' any
form.. ' It can only recommend such meas
ures as !nay, in its opinion, l3'e called fcir
by the,ivants of the public service, to Cott
gress; with whom alone rests the power
to "lay, and collect taxes; duties, imposts`
and excises." This duty has upon several:
obcasiotis heretofore been performed. The
•.•
present condition of things gives a nailer
;fig promise that trade and
, comnieree are
rapidly reviving; and; forMitately for the
conntry; the sources of revenue have only
to 11e opened, in order to prove,abundent.
-While we can anticipate dd Considerable
increase in the proci.eds of thh sale); oftliel
. ,
public lands for reasons perfectly obVious
to itir.severtil Years to Chine, yet the
public lands, eannht otherwise than be 're
garded asthe of the public cred
it. With i3 ' 9
large,a betty . of the most fer
tile lands in the World under the Control
and at the d6po'sal of ilw Govelminen4 nb
one can reai,pitabl , doubt the entire ability
of the Government to meet its enitagethenta
under every eriergencY. In Seasons of
trial and difficulty similar to thosb through
which we are passing. the CapitaliSt !Bakes
Iris investment in the aniPertiment Stocks
with the most assured coniidenee of mild-
. k i
'mate reintbursement ; and witatever nay
be said in a period of great 'financial prris
parity, such as existed some years alter
1833, Islimild
,regard it as suicidal in, a
season of financial embarrassmept, either
to alienate the lands theinselves,rktirer-pro
cetds arising flout their sales. The first
and paramount duty .of those to whom may
be entrusted the administration of public
affa6, is to- guard the_public credit.
,In
re-establishing the credit 'of this central
C4oVertiritent, the readiest and . most obviL
Mis,inode is taken to restore the credit of
die StateS: The
,extremities can only be
Made sound by, producing. a healthy action
..
in the Central Covernitent, and the history
of the pre;ent day hilly establishes the 'fact,
that an increase, in the Value bf the stocks
of this aovernment will, in a iliajor l itY nt
instances, be attended by an increase m the
value of the stoelta of States.
„It should
thetefore; be a matter of general congratu-'
ration : that amidst all the embarrassments
arising ,friiiir surrounding circumstances,
the credit of the t;overnment should litiVe
been so fully restored that it has beet, ena
bled to effect a loan of seven millions Of
dollars to redeem that amount of Treasury
notes, on terms more favarable . than any.
thatliareheen bffefiti Rd'. many ,'ears. And
the six p er cent., stock iirliien was civated ,
An 4142, has advanced in the . hands of the
holders to nearlytwenty Per cent. above .
its fidi Yalue: The confidence of the beo
plc ni . the integrity of their 'Government
has thu,; been si g nally Manifested. 'these
opinions . relative to.the publia lands dii`not
in any m anner ennitictwith the observance
of the most liberal phliCy toWarile those of
m i lt fellow 7 Citiiens who 6tess,t,or T , , ant into
the Wildernese and . are the pioneers in the,
work of its reclamation. , lii securing-to
all such their rights of pre-emption, idle
Government'performs but an act of retribm:
tive justice for sufferings . encountered and
hardships endured, and finds ample remu
neration in : the 'comforts which its policy
ensures and 'the happinessw hich It imparts
Should a revision of the: tariff, with a
,view to revenue, becothe necessary in the
estimation of Congress, I doubt not you
will approach the subject, With a just and
enlightened regard to the interests of the
whole Union. The principles and views
which I have 'heretofore had occasion to
submit, remain unchanged. it can, ho.iv
ever, never be too often repeated, that the
prominent interest of everriniPortint our-,
suit of life, required for da*es, mime
nency and StakilitY in legislation:.
the,
can milk be attained by adopting ad the fia:
nik ofaoti en,rtiod tration'in all thingi; Wideh
id as intliSPeneably . necessary • .6? • secure
the liartininiOtia action of the z pniifical ati . of
.the, animal itYritena; • In our 'pntitieat Or
ganiiation; no one ieetion 'of the COftntrv,
should dedire to bade its sufigiedintereSts
udvanCed at the sacrifice Of alt others; hut
Union being the great ititeieii, • Aijita(lYke 7 ..
;eindii ilia should bii foliteredand sustain
ed by &dna concessions and. ke . , etiltiva
tion Of that' tipirk Ot'A
of proar s itin froth which
th6,Cgrnititti4p itself proceeded: ,
..
1., , Toil 44t be informed, by, the report fromm
the TreUiiiiir Department, of the measures
taken under the act•of the last:sessiimi.au
thOrizing the re-issue of Tteasury notes in
fieti 'of those then 'outstanding, ' The syti-
I tem 'adapted in, purstnince;.of ex is till, hiviiiii
seems 'well. calculated ,to : tfaVe..tliticodittry
a large f amnunt of iistinteif, ttihile it- afi'orils
eonVe O i Clive's` entlofirifiketiAttgef,i.atid ei- .
, _Ms°. IP ,tfit. '4anstitiiiiitit,i,4f:filo4,t6 ;di's .
tiOiiiiititentg;: 7 l l- ,i'Alvtlu also , to that
.deposit Or: themiteaits. praposed. by- Oh Sed
raiar'y'te tribietake,the reVOMPe.' 041'0M : deli- . '
fatly tri.ihat' Pertiiih lent ~o ficeliodetateo to
the ' Er9lo4.4.'lti4'4 , .‘iiitliiiiiiini, ey stem,'
*ilia, 1, earriOttly: thee! , kpOn . Congierfs at
Its la4iaeseitiltitatgallo thb itripoithilea Of
Which ,) riny , .,..dpiiiiiiii'' hash' ''tindergatfe ' 'no
Auitito; '.' " ,'''''"-. ''''.:'. ' . `" t ‘ .... ,::: . ' . ~
.i , fn. vieOPtit ihe'4ipiilr4}l. o,iilliti'pn ..,iit
we'aiiiiii4y;A:o;teirii.,.:llllid, Om high 416'
01:„4 s plit,Jiiio",.qt, vifie
~ 'q- . 4l.)"ife'reptipaits Of,the
mountoo.iffdt4to! 4e , inetiii#AinCtipok 00 1 ,
toipresent:triethe . :.coiloille . ialici*Ogikp*,
A - 0,0#10 4 , ; 4 0 1 , 11 , 0 0 0 4,0419,4 1 .**t
Apory)l ll . l ,t,lo,PiimiAtApp.'or.;o.o i ,e
; r ow ° ogi . ,§posi.A.ltiolivibrow.i.,o, 7 .
tia l i t 4i#,.. A l.e.tioti:;,b i a,:itio,o4l6,4ppolii,
c , f. 1414, *ens. '4IIP. lloo.ittpe.:.
i t
1 0'.'0, 1 .; t it 411:.:''sik,‘1 1 ," : 4..,r0041,k0r
,0. !o r ,kp,:wii,i.ngog,, 4eatOgypotql.
Ap.4oqempooniiisitoettAhmk,otoo-
. •
- • ,
moil! than 'one hundred dollars, to be eMr lo,P,c . iff all excre'Se.' elm' es . which frera . time
ployed in- payment of the ,e,bligaticies of 4A:time may, have,geown,up, yet it hap riot
the government in lieu of 'gold ,aed silver, been regarded as 'Witi,e,,or prudent to recom 7
at the option, of the public, creditor, and to Mend any, Material (dirge _in annual ap
bn amount notexceeding 16,h,00,000... It proiiriatione.• , The interest; which are in-,
wee proposed to make them.teceli , ible ev- volved are , of too,,iiiiporiant,,schatacter to
bl',y where, and to estahliSh, 'o,i.
~, a 'rtous lead to the,,iecoMmendatien of any othei
points depositories'of gold
.'ati4 sievee to be than' a libera l . policy : , Adegilte appropria-,
held in trust for the redemp . ion,e f such' tions ought to be ",lade to enable the .Fxe
mites, so es to ensure they.
,comerdhility cutiveto,fit,out all the ship;; thet,are,. now
into specie. No doubt
,waf,,emortalned in a ceurse.ef building, or that require re
that such notes
,would have rhaintaOd a paire,•lOr active service, in the ihortest pos-•
par value
, with, gold and sil,ver,,j.fies fur- sible time, ,should ;any ,einergency
.arise
nishing , a r papet currency, of yrival v alue which may require it., /inefficient Navy;
over Union, thereby meeting,:lbejust while 'it is. the cheapest 'means of public
eirpeciatione of the people end halting the defence; enlists in ,its suppert.the feelings
duties q . ,a pateetel Government. ~,:ir l ieth- of pride and
. confidence
,which
.-hrilliant
er theilektsileries should be permitted, 4 , deeds end heroic ~valor have heretofore
sell or Purchaeebills inter very limited re: served. to strengthen and coOtirth,
strietiOo togeper with all- its other details I refer you particularly to ,that poiot of.
, ,,, ~ its other
was submitted !o the wisdom of •Congress; the Secretary's RePort'whiqb has reference.
and was, regarded 'as of secondary itnpor- to r ecent e pcri . th e epPlieatioo- of
,
mime. , thop,g),4,,then, and think OW, steam . and in
: the censtrUctioh . , of war
,
that such attarte,ngement would have lieen Steamers; made under the itiPerititepilence
attended with. he heppiest results:., The of distinguished officers of the Navy.' le
wholematter of the - currency Would 'addition to other manifest improvements in
have been placed where by rho Constitit- the construction of the, steam engine and
don it was designed 1 ,0 be
. Placed—under.a . ppli ca d on ,. o f the Motive ,. power, which
the _immediate supervision,entl .emittol of . has rentlereirthem more appropriate to the •
1 b
Conreas. The action of the Gove'rement ' ases of ;bins of War, one of those Airmens
u
world have been independeht of all Cerpie • has brought into Use a power which makei
rations, and the same eye which rests tin- I th e s w a n ; s hip most formidable either for
e easing y. on tho specie currency and guard;; attack tir defence.-", .1 cannot too strongly
it againet adulteration,
.would ..also have reCominend this subject to your eonsideett •
teSted .on -,ihe paper.-currency, to, control don, and,do not beSitate'lo,express • my en- .
and regulate its issues and protect itagainst tire conviction of . itS•great importance.
depreciation. , The,,saniii
,yeasens..whi l ch I call Your , partimilar attention also to
would forbid . Congresa 'free, parting,witit that, pPrtion ,of , the, Secretary's Nepali
the power over the mina c, would
. peern Which 11as reference to the act of the late
to operate .with nearly equal force, in, re- sessio n of CongresS which prohibited the
gird to t any substitution, for. the preelone transfer of any balance pi' appropriatioo
metals to the form of,a circulating Medium. from Other heatle . Of,appreprititirm, to that.:
PaPer . ,Wben substitute d roc :skein, Consti-. for building, equiPment and repair. • The
Mutes a standard. f valim by which the op- repeal of that: prellibition . will ,enable thq
erations of society are regulated, and what- DepartMent to give renewed employment
soever causes its Ilepretiation, effects encl. to a large class of workmen Who
,have been _.
ety to an extent nearly; if not-quite, equal nevesierily discharged itt , consequence -of
to the adulte,ration of the eon/. Norman I the .tvatit.of means topay them ---1 circoni
withhidd the, remarit, that its advantages, stance attended,. especially at ,thui season_
contrasted %volt . a Bank, of the United of the ye'ar,-with much privation Mid sttl=
- States, apart from the fact that to batik was fering...: .. ' . ;„. , ~, ~ ~, , . ~
esteemed as obnoxious to the ptililic senti- it g ives me great pain to announce to -
Mm
e
, ,as well on the score of expediency you the loss of the stuarhship !''Fite Mis
es of censtitutionality, appeared, to tne to stifiri,"
. by fire, in, the Bay of _Gibraltar,
he ettikrog and obVidns. The relief which where : she luid stopped to renew, her sup
a litMli would afford by en issue of SO,- plies of coal. on her voyage to tilekandria,
0011,9 . 01 of Its furies, judging ; from, the ex- i with Mr: Cushing, the American ,Alinister
perienee ef . the late
~,United States flatik, to Chine on board, , There. is .ground' for
w ,
would not .1e
,occurred in less than tif- high cop mend:l6(m f the Officers and men,
teen years; iyhereas„under the proposed for the coolness,aett intrepidityand perfect
arrangement„ the relief arising from the is- submission to diSeioline evinced ooder the . . ,
site of tz,9_s 4 oo,ttilft of,. Treasury, notes most trying eireionstanees. Serromided by '
would have been cons ummated in one a raging fire, skllielethe ..utmost exertions •
year; thus furnishing in one-fifteenth part could, not subdue, and which .threatened
ofthetiMe in which a bank could have ac- momentarily the explosions of ,her well
complishedit, a paper meditnaofexchange supplied niagm,ines, the officers exhibited
eetialin amount to the real ,wants of .the no sigma of fear; and the men obeyed every.
country, at par value pith,gold,and silver. order . with alacrity. Nor was ,she eban
the saving to the Gov,erninent would have tinned until the last gleam ef , tope of savr
been squat to . all the, , ,which it has ing her had expired. his Well i worthy of
hail to pay on TreaSury,,potes of previous youvi•onsidt•rittioti whether the losses sus :
as well ,as subseLitient issues, thereby re- tamed by the officers and crew ,in• this un
lievingtlie Gpverpment, an d a t th e Came fortunate a ff air should net be .reimbursed
time affording relief to the people... Under to them. .. ..
all the responsibilities attached to the eta- I cannot take leave of,tkis painful sub;
tion which I occupy, and its redemption of jest without adverting to the aid rendered
a pledge given to the last Congress,at the upon the eceasion by the British authori-,
close of its firstsessioni I subinikted, the ties. ,at Gibraltar,-nOd . the, commander, of
suggestion to its consideration at twh eon- ficers and crew, of i the.liritish ship of the
eocutive sessions., The recommendation, line ", T,,M
healabar,"whieli ,was lying at
however, met, with no favor,at, its hands. the time in, the ,hay, .gvery thing, that
Yi'hile I.ani free . to
,admit, that the neccs- generosity or huinanity•could dictate, was
sides of the dines ha ve since become great- promptly performed. .It is,hy such sets of
ly aniellorated; grid thattliere . is good rea- good will by one to another of the family,
son 'to hope , that, the country ip safely and of nations,thet fraternal feelipgs are riourish
rapidly emerging from the difficulties and ed,aittl the blessings of permanent peace
eritharrarifitieents which every
,where sur- secured.
—, .• .•lt -1,, . ..
rounded tt ill , 1841, yet ,I cannot but think The report of the yristmaster General
that its restoration to a sound, and
,healthy will bring you acquainted with the opera
condition tvould . be, greatly expedited by,a tiona ,of that, Department during the' past
resort to the expedient in a modified form. year; and suggest to jeu such Modifications
The operations of - the Treasury
. now of the existing laws ps in yeur opinion the
rest on the act of 11E.9, and the resolution exigencies of the Public ,service may re-.
of lblo, and. those. laws have been so•ad- quire: ~Thechange which the country has,
ministered as to produce as grea t .e
„gnaw ? under hoc inthe,mode of travel and trans
tum of good.to the country as their proyis- portation.has, afforded so - man facilities
facilities
ions are capable of yielding.. , If there hail roi ; rit e
~ tr a nsportation of rnail, matter out of
been -any distinct expression of (minim' regelar mail ; as. to requi re the greatest vig
going to show that public sentitrient is dance arid. eircumspeetian in order enable
averse to the plan either as heretofore fee- the, offiger at the lieMl of,the Department '
ommended to tiongres.4,er
. in a Modified to restraio the eipenditures, within the in
form, while my owh opinion in _regard to come., 7here is aleo top • Mueh,reason to
it would remain ,unchanged, l etionfil he fear that the franking priviledge has
. cup •
very tar from again presenting it to your , into great abuse. The pepertment never-,
ecinsideratibie ~ The GovernMenthas prig ; theless has been conriected with the.great
inated I:frith ,the. States and the people; foe eet vigor, and has attained ailliileest poi-,
their, evils benefit and advantage; and, it 'Bible expense , all. the , useful objects for
N ' votirtl l hP • Subv ersive
H of the.„;
foundation which it- was -established
~,
principles ,ofthe "'wildcat edifice which In regard to all the Departments: I am,
f i lmy lia,v.ereared;te persevere in,a measure quite happy iq the belief that, nothing hap
1 which iii their mature jedgments, , they had been left undone, which was called for by ,
either repudiated or cendeinned.` . ,The Will a true spirit of esonoiny t or by a systent.of,
of our censtituentS, ; cfnaily ,expressed , accountability,
,rigidly-enfprced. . This is
should be regarded ,as, the, light to guide in some degree apparent from thefact;llief
loai footsteps;'„ the title . diffqrence between the. Goverpment has sustained no, Vies by,- -
driaenatchial o r' aristocratical. government ; the default of any of its agents. ~ , In the
and,s itofniblii:
.being,.thpt ib the first the ' cOrnolex„ but at the same time, ,beautiful
tViIT of the few, prevails over the will of the machinery of our Goveroment,,it is not A,
many; while in the last the will of the ' Matter of surprise, that some remote agetir
..
'man)) should be alone consulted. ” ' t' cy may have failed Tor an, instantto folfil,
, The report, of' the Secretary of 'War' ?ill* its 'desired office 'i but I .feel,confitlent in . the .
I bring you acquainted with the contlitihnOf assertion, that nothing has . occurredto M I ..
that important branch of the pit:tile servi c e . terrupt the 'harmonious act ion of the Gov-,
The Army may be. i l'egaided; in come- ernmelet• itself, arid„ that while the. laws,
I qience of. the small.ritinaber Of the rank have been:execoted,.Witketficiency end.:vig-,
and Mein pitch Company and Regiment, or, the rights neither of States tiorlodividu
aS little inure than a nualetis Around which ale have been trampled on or disregarded..,
to 6113 the military foice. of the country - In the Mean , time the connay",hatt'beem
incase of war; and yet its, services in pc-, steak)) etivancing in all.thateontrihntoito,
se ioyg‘.the peaCe cf . the fontiers are,.of) a national greatness. The'fithie . rPottilatien
' most i m portant nature: In all cases of' Coritinues unttrokeoly'to fitiwyntn:tho'neiv,
i emergency,' the relianee of. the country
, is . Statee and territories, Where'a; 'itifiige.le.
properly pleeepti the Militia,Uftheleyeral ferind met only for our „ n , ativ .. ' heri, 4o . l !P.er. - : ,
States, and it aibY,Well deserve the . cOrSith , citizene,_hutfor,einigtefitiPM'lool B . of.
Or'idott 'or
,6:iii' g r'ess, Whethei a cii,tr
. e.tit)
~the„ civilized. world. 100,,,:Pe01e.. 4 MIF: . :M 3 ,-
Olin; Perfect:Organization 'Might treitbe o,Jo.partaku . of . the blettiog-e,ofght''Cree..,ltteir..
troddeecl,'. looking mainly 0 the Me:roper tutiens,and.thakd,bje, ti,st : lilehei.Y?- ,!v? 13 1 1
communes of the. Unioirtforl,
, ilie`P . reis' out, the ehrreiit'otionr: i we . .,elo4l: ifirer,.._;,_ . • ~_, ;
and Of .easY,'SPPlieaticin.to i th,e,,great body ' -. lt is doe tc . 4ytry,e#dridep,tto pfpublic i,
4 -the,Militia_in tune tar: . ' •:: • ' ,-; ; policy that : tiff )11#40 . 4Y0r,0p,, the We9,t. : ~_
The expenditures of` the War ;Depart- ..should. rgi . eiy..„ all:, itiCti; i eelctric . .at,- - 11m , •
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