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REMARKS OF MR, STEVENS,
IN ".
Fad•or of a_.ProleelPri lrarilE
HOUSE 'or • RtpRE'sENT e AvvEs, •
. Tusaniv, June.2B, 1842.
:Thelaming resolutions of Mr. LIGHT.NER
being under consideration on third reading—'
Resolved by the Senate and House of Represen
tatives of the Commobwealth of Pennsylvania, in
Ooneral'Aeriembly met:
4., Thai The General Government 'alone has the
iCiinstittOonal power to protect the great interests
• nithe country, whether. agricultural, manufactur
ing, or Commercial.
• 2. That the doctrine of “free trado",is an idle
theory which can never be reduced to practice while'
the world is divided among rival nations.
3. - Tbat it is the duty of the General Govern
ment, emir! protect ullthe greet interests of the peo
ple, that in 'War or in peace, we may have among
ourselves, arnpleMeans fur public' defence mad in-,.
, dividusl comfort. - . • •-•—•
4. Tbat to secure our farmers and planters a safe
and permanent : market 'for their •produms•and to
'render,us 'independent in war and proaperous'in •
pciace r n is the duty of •tne Oendral Government to
impose discriminating, protective, and if need be,
prohibitory dutiemwri foreign - importsi• — so as-to etl , '
vourage.and protoet our mechanics and manure&
turem against the combined oipital, pauper labor
end protective policY of foreign nations.
f. That a copy of these resolutions_ he trinismit
ted to each of our Senators and Representatives in
Congress. .
Mr. DEFORD had moved. to amend by eubsti•
toting as follows, which was agreed to: '
Resolved. &c.: That we ragard the Compromise
of the Tariff by the act of 102 - , as.one of the causes
which has produced,, not only the present embar
rassed-stab of our Treasury, but also been ruinous
to o u r domestic manilfactures,and to a great extent
destroyed ourliom . e.inijostry,_the only..trtie-source
of Wealth and iirospbrity. • •
'• Resohed, That a, readjustment of the Tariff um
•on such principles as shall raise revenue sufficient
;to Meet all the demands on the Treasury, is not on-,
. ly constitutional,' but called: M u by-every-eousidero
. lion of sound. policy, and is absolutely necessary to
• 'our independence to war and in peace:•
. . ResOlved, That by a - proper ilisetiminntion in
favor of our domestic inatinfictbres, and Ifomp pro-.
auctions, such a Tariff may be imposed upon for
eign articles, as imentfit• sufficient to ile
• trayall demands oil the Trea'sury,hAul•titthe stn
AMU, afford - .adequate _protection to these great in
,
terestc"
._.,....
Resltived, That the Tainting and manufacturing ,
interests are otte_mLthe_aante. - 'The--fartneripr
dating the raw material and the manufaCturer giv
ing liim a market both for tkat and the bther pro
--rakTftiOWWlits farm.
Hr., Stevens rose and said: Sir, I-ant some-.
'what stit : prised at the character of the Itestittltions
non• beiorc yob, adopted on second reading.. As.
I desire to melte an effort to lint this question on
-the . true Pennsylvania ground, I move that the
,
, • House resolte - itself into 'Committee of the Whole,
for the- purposa of strikitig- 'out all-after-the word .
• •
'Resolved," and inserting the following: • .
"WlllMEAS,..Prateetitig duties are in strict con
fortuity to the sPiritend the letter of the Constitu
. tion of-the United States; tend eventually - to lower
'the price of . goedst encoui•age agriculture by crest-.
ing a home market; give employment - to - our own
-- citizens in'eur,own country, , ustead of maintaining'
the subjects offoreign maw:, ; for casing commerce
by ex tendlnd internal trade, an.lly affording arti
cles of Fitpert, preserve public morals by substitu
ting industr:• for idleness:
- ANn Under the - opc, stion of the tariff,
the nation enjoyed an unexampled degree of pros- - .
polity, which has been destroyed by the destruction
of the Tara
Therefore, Resolved, &e. That. Pennsylvania
cannot consent to an abandounn.in of the Protec
tive tiystem."
j yt , ,
• Now, Sir, the whole grOund is in fore yeti upon
width the Legislature of Pe s misylvania, proposes
to establish her dect,rine with regard. to a Tariff of
duties, and that doctrine as asserted by the dominant
:party here,:is, that ire Tariff shall be laid by the
Congress of the United States, except barely ouffn
dent, whatever maybe the exigencies of the coon
try, tp defray the 'ordinary expenses of the Govern;
mot; and that any Thrift - for any other object, or
• beyond the existing necessities of the• Gevernment,
• for rer , enue, ie oppressive' to the country; and that
the distribution of the proceeds of the sales ,f the
public lands was impolitic, and of course, ought to
be repealed—that no discriminating dude's shall be
paid, even for the purpoie of protecting-the staples
of Pennsylvania. This, Sit, I understand to be the
ground, the platform, of the principlat of Pennsyk
• vani;t as now proposed to ho established. And al
though I was not hero when the vote was taken on
the resolutions; yet 6:olne of these principles were
avowed whilo I' was in my seat, and-avowed as the
fundamental articles of the party ruling in this Com
monwealth, and were so urged upon the citizens of
Pennsylvania . This, Sir, I presume, is to go forth
us the creed, as the several articles of the Creed of
-the dominant party of this . Corrimohwealtin and it.
is distinctly before the people' of Pennsylvania.
- Thus proclaimed to the'enizeits of Pennsylvania I
trust it may be in their eye when they come to con
sider men and measures at the next great, day of
trial, when freemen are called upon to maid their
s' t judgments.- -1 purpose ta look at the length - and
breadth of the principles herein contained, and' of
their orpohte; that, so farasjoy_ constituents are_
concerned they may fairly inquire on which side
truth , and policy lie, and which is likely to prove
most useful to the country. Since the banner is
unfurled, let them anxiously inquire where they are
to plant thbuiselves at the next election.. • I take
illy ground on the reverse or every sentiment, in
the aggregate and irt,the singular, contained iri this
proposi•ion; and I desire to say that, with such a
'party, entertaining such views, I. wish to hold no
fellowship—no co:nonillion, politically, personally,
- 1 remain as heretofore.) I abhor every doctrine set
. forth there, and move to strike them out, as de
structive of the great interests of the Keystone State;
and ruinous to the nation of which we are a com
mon part.' And, Sir, in order to test the sense of
.ihis House, between tho doctrine bore laid down
. and its opposite, I have presented to the Chair my
subsutute,„and ask the decision of this House,tipon
principles 'precisely..the:opposito of those; for our
principles,•l call-the Detheeratic Principles of Penn.
Sylvania. d. do net . mean by Democratic, the prin.
ciples.of demagogues, the principles of Agrarian
ism, the principles of LecOfecoism on the one hand
and the high Federalism on the other; I mean the
' cool judgment of • people, approving that policy
which shall protect the interests of all—of the
manufacturer-,-of the rperchapt--of the agricul
turist,of the mechanic, and of .the laborer—Who,
while they look to the interests of the whole nation,
. not succumb to the principles and abstrac
tionkof a small portion of the nation; for
in hi Object.-
What are ihetprinciples, and what-have been the
'principles of Ponnsyliania heretofore? . Arelhose•
Northern • doctrines? Are they Anti-Dertioaratic,
and.Anti-Republican, and Anti-Pennsylvanian doe
tritieSl' or, is thetipinion sot forth in the preamble
and hiolutiente, the ufriferin Opinion bf. the people
of this' ; gonamonwealthl' Until an :unholy ambi
tion formed awalliance with a' small portion df the
United States, cud-became willing to sacrifice Penn
sylvania and all'iniprinciPles and all her interests,
for, that, allianceilrundeiteko;to say that while true
Beni acieek.preValleihhefe re: th c sickening inthamiett
of loeofecoism overeluidow.od hori no such doctrine'
was known;usid,no Buil; principles aaave there set
. forth' 'Were oVer.,fo be found in thia*.State, , except,,
perhaps,. in.iinne .solitary - visionary in the • city of
suaheisSondy . Bennet and ; his. Tow.
follOnien . l; Who professed and.tatig4 principles too'
sithil6.eVe . i., ho MitleistaodhY:therpeople.,..• • .
o:gni gentlerinin:shinvi me, ir he can,from.the
teOrile:of ihis.eotninaniireahtlt:, that. such"t}aenti
megiviel'iM;LefOre:plaped hei 'Journals. • ( The
geed - MA - 4 friid.Li4erne.trihr;Wlq947o . may not •
suiptierthet.tho.irinciPlei therein contained have
an unfair or injurious tendency, But when lite
party to which •I belong— (I mean the-old Dome.
erotic party in Pormsylvan O t i t! wore in the ascendant
iesoltitfone such us .1 flay riktssed both brartchet
of the Legislature: In 1831-32, the ptinciplee con
Mined in the. resolutiens I.haye noW, offered area
substitute, were unaninteusly,gloptedwitheueone.
diiseitting . vote in.eitherbranch'of the Legialatute.
These resolutiona_iire foie found inthePhimphlet
.
' •
1. I W sms,.ies, Pretesting du).1.4 are in strict con-.
formity to- the spirit and, letter.of the Constitution
of the United States, tend eventually
.to lower . the
prices' of veils, encourage agriculture ,by'creiting:
a home inarket, give - employment to our own citi
zens.' in our own co untry,, instead of 'Maintaining
the subjects-of-foreign nations, increase. co merce•
by extendingMternil trade and by Worth g arti-.
Iles of exporti.presorve public morals by en aim,
ing industry for,,idh3ness : And whereas, under
the operation of the tariff, the nation has e 'eyed
an unexampled. degree of prosperity, whi h can
only be perpetuated by a steadfast support f the
system: Therefore, -
Resolved, by the Senate and House of Repres -„,
tatives of the ComMonwealth of Pennsylvania in
Generttl Assemblymet,. That 'his 'the opinion. of
this legislature that any reduction 'of duty on arti
cles which enter intocUmpotition with such .as are,
produced or manufactured • in the United States,
would be inimical te'the true policy and best inter-.
eats of the nation.
JOHN LAPORTE, '
. .
Speaker of the House of Itcpresentativea.
HAWKINS;
• .. • Speaker Of the Senate.
A r enortn—The'tentli . itay of rebrtiary,' Anr o
Domino, eighteen liunidt'eaand thiriy.two.
GEORGE WOLF.
Resolutions relative to protective duties and the
busk of the United Siete& •
I. Resolved, by the Senate and House of Repre
sentatives of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
in General Assembly met,. That we .viow*with
,the
most serious apprehension any attempt-tO lessen
the restrictrousnpon , the impertatiOn'of any articles
of foretin manufseture or production which may
compete with articles of similar growth, production
or manufacture of the Untied States. •
. .
11. And he it further resolved by the authority
afbresaid, That a reilugiort . of duties upon articles;
the like of which aremeither manufactured or pro-.
duced in the United States, or which does nut ma
te-riallraffect the industry of the country; would
meet the approbation of our constituents.
111. And-be it further resolved by the authority
aforesaid, That the people.of Pennsylvania cannot
consent to an abandonment of the protective sys
tem. •
•
IV And he it further resolved by the authority
aforesaid, That if a reduction °film' revenue
ponies necessary, we would prefer a praibition. of
the introduction of articles of foreign fabric and pro
duction, tho like oe, .which. we are 'auceeisfullY
.manufactujing and producing, to any reduction
Upon ppoteetediirticleawhich wo can produce and
manulactore as.cheacqy and as good amongst our
. .
V. And be ii further resolve() by etc authority
eforeitaid,. That we View the Ainerican. System as
is whole, which requires . tho united and concentrat-'
ed operation of its friends against all attempts to at.;
tack it in detail, and that'no 'steps should he tak
en to preserve one portion - of-it-at the expense-of
another. '
And ho it farther resc;lved by the authority
aforeaaid,—T-hat-confidence-rif t one-interest-ia- the
aid and fellowship of another,, is the 'true shield of
safety of the fliends of the protected industry,arte
[ii - 'Er — ;Re'
- tliatiTeTareimirdenee sbouhi be cultivated — lin& re
lied on - throughout the Union.
----V-11,--And-be it further yesolyed by the authority
aforesaid, Tharthe...-Csofernor be requested to
transmit these resolutions to our Senatbra and Re
.presentutives .in Congress, to be laid before their
respective bodies.
-• • JOHN LAPORTE,
• Speaker of • the House of Representatives.
- JESSE R. - IHIRDENi—
Speuker of the Senate.
•
A:ream-en—The sixth flay ef June, A..D. ono
thousand eight hundred_ and_
GEORGE—WOLF,
Sir,.? wish to test the_principles of the_Democ
racy of Pennsylvania; as they existed under the
Administration of that'firro and_ incorruptible Ex
ecutive, George Wolf and his friends in 1831-52,
and compare them with the visions that have come
over the dreamt; of those 'professing to be the de
seendants of the stone party now—to see how far
this perversion of those principles is to be effected.
Sir, do gentlemen still" say, as they said the
other .day, that beyond the principle of revenue,
the,Constiturion of the United States does not ant
thorize an 'impost of ilutiefr? A InCyct I sup.pose
that every gentleman here is •aiquainteil With the
Constitution ofthe United States. Surely gentle
men v.-Ito would take upon themselves to pen reso
lutions upon this subject; have read and dwelt, and
deeply pondered upon that Constitution. And
-what. Sir, does that ConStitution say este the un
limitedpoWer of Congress over that subject?
"Congress shall have power to lay and collect
taxes,
.cluties; imposts and excises, to pay debts and
.provic'e for the common defence and general wel
fare of the United States." •
" Congress shall have power to regulate com
merce with foreign nations, arrtkamong the several
States, and with lluslndian tribes. •
Now; Sir, this is 'to be found, without restric
tion,. without equivncation, but . according to the
judgment of Congress alone, in the Constitution
of the • United • States. What" has been ihece
ment upon 'Thich these resolutiOns have bee sus
tained, and what is the argue ent which is used to
sustain the substitute which I have offered? ':lt has
bean said, in tho first place, that a Protective Tariff
bears hard uporkevery other portion and branch of
business of the country; and the•gentleman from
the county of Philadelphia,,,(Mr. Rournfort.) and
the gentleman from Luzern° (Mr. Wrighr,) and
others from the interior of the State, have said that
a Protective" :r 4 riff
,destroys the .cernmerce Of the
nation, and tends to corrupt the morals of the peo
ple. Sir; theory should never,be relied Amon when
facts exist. History showing .by example; is ad
mined to be the best philosophy for the govern- .
ment of 'nations, as well as of individuals. And,
I ask you how or when the cultivation of the- me
chanic arts. has ever tended to destroy the commerce
of nations in the eivilizecNOrld; and, how it hes
tended to weaken them for defence? Wherever
you have found the most powerful nations of .the
world—have you not found them the moat highly
cultivated in intellect and the Meehanit arts?
While Egypt and BaliYfon.tei.re at the height of
their'pewer and glory and wealth, they . were 'Mao
at the height of their knowledge in the.manufae-
turing and pechanie arts.-. So'.with Tyre and Si
don, When l'yNt was among the most powerful
and:most commercial of nations 'she was the
• , 1
mis
tress of manufacturing cities.. Her dye stuffa were
inimitable. ..Tyrian purple" is, celebrated to the
present day. Her urtizartelwere the .admiration.of
:Mier nations. Her workmen, cunning in•brass and
wood, built the Temple of Solomon:: They carried
their skill to Carthage, and made her long the rival
or the MIRTItEBs-or T lIE WOliiii" Kii - coramerce;
and wealth, and power 'shiftelttheir Seat; so also
did the mechanic and. manufacturing aria. 'They,
existed together in SyractiVelittilthirtaheiSieilian
and Italian cities—in Genoa, janClrenice, and
Rome; and Florence. Visit the -,!countries of an
cient Greece, and of modern Vurone, and their
greatest power, energy, and fame,will be found to
have been cotemporaneous with. their highest per
fection in the"; manufacturing , and mechanic arts,
and in science." They corrupted neither the mo
rals nor the :taste of the people, For no nation
could long
,remainpowerful whose morals•were
generally corrupt. Virhen Holland .bad die most
commerce; when her IgavY• was tbe terror of the_
sasidie,largest rnanefactunngitation of the world.
I need ; hardly cite England' and ' deseribv . hee 'ex
cellence in manufaciiners,•and.ber mighty power,
consequent' thereon, ;Arid . . yef,;:. Milt:withstanding
their examples,
,beat„lentiumen.say'.upon
floor, that the encotelgement.of Manufacturearand
the mechanic arts, tends : to' destroy • the morals/ .
and 'energies of national sparlyAltia • Prlnciple to
Its legitimate consequences,'•and-•Sthe, summit' of
excellence would.be , the depth' of barbari s m. Th e
wild Africans, and' tho naked - savages ; should be
the most.powerful of nations, and the-pureat
men, for they..are the •least depraved by theman
ufactuter and •artizan 1• 1 ' Such - math:Ma ire-it the
acme of the glory:of:these Anti-Tariff thetryiets! - ',
Ihit it is said. that manufactuisea - 'destroy ‘ ,:coni.;
Tema. 11 need not'repeat what I 'hitvi; :nf lhe
nations to whoin',,l' haVe':releriea, - ,t(i',pnise that
commerce and inanuftiettners- went hind in hand;
and that when, -Of,: latter-, decliried;lhn former
perished
But gentlemen say4tunlhe;Alo9tinvg,Zten?
home rucchitaes .and ritayilVeturec..oppress the
husbandtneu...- Does history corriAtocate_this
When 'hese nations iniducett Abe mostattundeßt
supply of agricultural products? ' .11 , 1441 the very.
time when. their . manufactiiree 'moot.
When thele shiPs were laden down, 1100n19. with,
'the products; s . , their shops,. their WO.
Then the rainier found a'readY . deinand for' hie
grain antenethe work-shops andTficteries of his,
otvn country.' When ' gentlemen ' cite Pigtail& rie
Mined in, her agric . ulture, they ean • hardly have
made themselves. acquainted with Mat country: .
There ismo nation, at this airy, that carries mr.
ricalture to's° highperfecticim and where "every ,
rood of ground so literally niafiitaios its calm."
It is said that English'artizaue are cerritpt; and
often; suffer. What should such 8n overgrown
population do without her Manufactories? They
• would "..be given- up' to . perpetual . idleness, and
. crime, and starvation. :Those establishmente alone
have enabled so emall . a territory to support so nu
merous a-population; and . - have enabled her go.;
vernment to maintain the ascendancy of her laws,
amidst each' immense masses, with. fewer rebel
lions, and fewer and lessi fatal mobs, than we have
experienced in. this Republic. , But gentlemen a
>round me, seem to think that the people would be
merepure and virtuous" without such.employment.
Who bier before heard that idleness was the mo
ther of .virtuc, and the want of employment 'pu
rified the morale of men? Riving thus briefly.
'disposed of the objections urged to, the protection
or Domestic Industry by the advocates of a Free
Trade," [will Proceed to show - the positive advan
tages to" this, and every, country situated like us, of
the. Protective System.
It is obvious that all men will purchase the com
modities which they need or desire, from the cheap
est seller. The dictates of patriotismcan counter
ect this universal disposition only partially, and for
short periods, in- times of high excitement.. When=
ever, therefore, it is desirable that any article con
sumed by a people should be' the product of. their
Own country, some means must bir devised to make
the domestic .Product as cheap as the ,foreign. It
may not always be desirable that nations should
supply their own Consumption, even .when, they
have the capacity. In their infancy it may be
wise .to scatter their population, and . extend their
agricultuial domain, rather than to condense it for
the [impose of manufacturing of .mining. But
such dependence upon other nations can not long
continue with safety. Every nation 'as soon as it
has acquired sufficient manhood to.'„,stand alone,
should not ,only have its work-shops
: within its'
own borders, but be able to produce every thing
essential to its independent, existence. No coun
try, it is true, can be found possessing a sufficient
variety of soil and climate to produce every thing
necessary to satisfy its natural or 'acquired wants.
In time of war, therefore; it must - suffer some in
convenience, notwithstanding. 'the wisest policy.
But it is the duty of Governmentlo reduce that
inconvenience to the least possible amount. That
can be done only by fostering, of. peace,
every. useful article which tho country .can pro
duce. 'Within the United States, nature hap for
bidden the grovvth_of tea, coffee, spice, and some
other articles. For them we must plways be de
pendent on the caprice or the interest of other
nations. But there are but few of the necmaries
of life, either the raw material or-the Manufactured'
article, to which our country is not well adapted.
In the growth of most of the raw material—of
all agricultufalproducts, we require comparatively '
hut little direct encouragement or protection from
Government, bccarise but little skill is required.and
little risk is incurred;, and the bulk and weight
.of t hearticles compare with ,their value, renders .
the coat of importation - a - considerable protection
But it is differentivith_things - reqtrifing large cap -
italomdgreaf, skill arid experience to manufacture
them. Old nations are already possessed of all
these; .with cheap labour—the effect of an
overgrown population, or 'a sthited currenoy,'can
produce their Much cheaper than we can, with a
thin . population, high wages, and want of expe
rience. Few mon can be found bold, or rather
rash, enough in this country, to .embark their
capital in business, which is so much-better
_un
derstood and . so much easier carried_ -
where, - . If they de'atterept it, the market is im
mediately flooded from. • abroad, and the price ,
knocked down in a ruinous degree. Strong Eu
ropean houses can aff o rd -to lose for a short time,
in order to crush competition, and then monopo
lise, and impose upon the market; as stage pro- i
prictora_-often run awhile without fair, until they
break down opposition, and secure the road and
the_power to charge travellers double price: - . Stich
has always been, 'and always will be, tho prac
tice of the English towards every ellort to establish
new sannufm tories here. - They have been our
mechanics so long that they claim it its a
fi prescrip
ve right, and resent anyeirort of our citizens to
interfere with them, • We never can successfully
interfere, without the intetpositionof Governini•
With the raw material in abundance; with cheap
food and unlimited water power; we shall always
be dependent on thii work.-sh,ps of-Europe,-until
Congress fur hese advantages to aceount, - by
wise,solistantia , ruteetive tar ff. The innount
olduly which wil serve the ends of protection,
depends upon the relative' tegrees of perfection to
which the manufacturing f the article has been
carried in the different countries. If they be equally
in their infancy in both countries, and the cost of
the raw material equal, the cheapness of provi,
*dons" here, together with the cost of importation.
and a mere revenue duty, would probably be a suf
ficient protection. •
But for those branches which'are new here, and - ;
which have been carried , to great perfection in
Europe, the same amount of duty would be no
protection; and would never, enable our capitalists
to survive the first attempt to produce them. No
duty can be justly called protectioh unless it
raises the price of the imported. to the cost of the .
domestic article:. In the present state of our cotto
factories 311 per cent.- ad valorem may do that;_
whereas twenty - years ago 50 per cent. would have
been insufficient-20 per cent. might, be sufficient
for our grain and lumber interest, while 50 per
cent. would be too-little for our iron. Bar iron, in
England, can be had for from $35 to $5O per ton.
It cannot be manufactured here short of $B5 or
$9O. Any duty, therefore, which with the cost of
importation, does not amount to from $35 to $4O
per ton, is no protection at all. Suppose the two
articles to be equal in quality. and .ours to coat, in
the cities, $9O per ton; and all the coat, including
duties of the imported article, to $75 per ton, it is
obvious that we cou ld not 'compete with the for
eigner...
: He would send us just as_ much as if
. it
,Icost hint. but $5O-per ton,;-perhaps more, for so
long 441 bueinemar is profitable at all, 4 it:will be
pursued; and as the profits diminish, the quantity
will belnereased so as to produce tho same i9come.
The only way to exclude him, or put him upon a
par with us, is to increase the duty until his arti
cle shell cost as much as ours. This libovvs the
absurdity of a horizontal, tariff, operating equally
upon every article without regard to its costs here
or elsewhere. Such aural' may- be prohibitory of
some articles, and not effect she slightest protrtion
to others. • • •
- .
It is, all seem to admit,. tin impOrtani ifileation
or the American people to consider and deterrrano,
whetket their intportAluties shall be framed simply
for revenue, or for revenue or protection combined.
And, this is the - propertitne to decide it, when'the
folly of the principles of the CoMpromise Bill, as.
a permanent law, has become apparent;and ivhen
the neeessitierrof. comtnerce,..manufacturee Atid,the
Currency will compel a re-adjustment of the tariff.
• - It seems to me that a protective tariff, with largo-
ty dfferential duties, would not °MTN, useful but
absolutely' necessarY for our prosperity rind national
independence.
Bef)re the tariirs of 181 C-24 and 1828, every,
effort - .to manufacture cotton and woolens" in this
country, proved abortive, and involved , the under
takers in ruin. Those articles. wore: protected by
laws until they took root, and can probably do,with
but el ight. protection. especially cottons. I sup Pose
no One - wilt d en the . benefits conferred on: this.
eounigby prouisiliffiEthWtWetol.Ttlfoln — thili
050,000m0 otespital Is investeitin.the ntanufile
turing'al cotton alone--their annual 'sales.amoupt
to.ttiore than sixty infilions; Of woolens more than
twenty iniffions;
• hie' nosy well tiecertained,,that out climate and
*soil ore as well adapted to rearing the eilltwinnt Mid'
Sts food ae France, or any,other country. If a reutn
cienttluty; Width: the peoplecould be assured, would
exiet for twenty yearii,.could be laid orilbreign
I have no doubt :we should, in' that time, bring 'its
culture arid : manufacture . to * great perfection es
iYei tide:cotton . goodei and ho abltucltonlyto sup.
Ply thelicariti. fuinielt large ., quantities
for onkrtaticar.' " Thie would be Partieularly'bene;
Acini terthe fernier turd laboier÷irialior female,
.ddolts anilehildnert.','Groisirigttrimulberry,would
be among rho' most. profitable agriOulturaFinir
-luiti, and
Abe sills, would afraid libilthyjindishrititatiteMpley. ,
Prttegme crplimoix, and; both WW•
no.vvi,MPPlrkgiliik'to : lo4:limount, of ionrm,fillsei,.'
Millrons of dollar. aonoijiy•iiioitgeneivilY'exPorci
epecie_tolpay; fobs This article, ;until qbe :let of
September last, cam in Withibirt, litthidalyiund
now. fay. only a roveritniof,2o perefet. ed valorem •
duty. If a, prOtoctiva`dety- ; .ileetlmce that Mrieunt.,..
MEM
Weise levied, it amonslemurc..
tha pounkmpat gain
by it. frit amounted taprobibitiOn, theArtidetvould
,soon be produeed by eur,oiin:citizetas equal to.the
demand, and the millionik; Ogif_sent 'Abroad, to pay
fur iti . kept'at tenth.' •If ; th e pride of. an ekes of
people:Still-furnished' ilenitind. for the .Ibreigii'artb!'
cle, the`dtity would -till tiimit , the - rieh
. aud gral!" .
and g 0 to 'heftily the 'expe'nses of - governnient. I
shall not pretend to entnlntiate the articles Which
need and merit protection: :',Altnost every fabric of
Tinither antrivOod'are anionrthere. - ' Thrtnumber
of shoes annually iinpoithd fiiu`Prince and'othei
countries is astonishingly.. streat-latubuoting to
several bombed!, of thousand of dollars anntially.
Paris shAes arstwoh'ibrfialithe ladies' men of the
seaboard.- This, is shafted!! Our own workmen
are Osgood as :any hi the "WOO, and would bestill
better if they,Were fosfero inictirdini to their merit.
I
fsite shoes riterelY.as an example;,as I before said,,
most articles made of - leather. or. wood stein the
same: situation, and , ''equally demand the care of
goierement;,,, ..,' ' ' • ~ • • • -
Why should Cealbe'edniltterl sit.'all Info our porta
when we haveenongh' within'Our own borders to
supply the worfilthr tiiilliOni..4
bituminous
The nn-.
thracite of PettiefilirSnia,- the ' bituminous of the
same State, ArYlmid,Yirginia and.other §tatei are
inexhaustible; and. if ,we,uould have
_a. stable pro ,
-tective tariff oh it, until the mines Could be opened,
and canals end, raltremismadeto them, it could be
furnished' prefitabli tethe;eperator, and cheaper to'
the consumer then itrioW,L,:frem Europe. That
traffic; tn. addition to the;: nimense sums, which it
would putinto the poelietfrofeur own citizens, in
stead of Bending them abroad; vould render all'our
public works profitable. , Many—most of those
works, especially. in 'Pennsylvania, can never be
made profitable in any. other way. The business
done by the English in coal,furnishesayast amount
of employment:Jo laborers, Amnia and shipping, I
believe the amountentered:nt London alone, borne
inland and seaward, is nearly, or quite five millions
of tons, annually. •Thri cants devoted to this trade,
are the most profitable in the Kingdom. But with ,
out protection, ;hie •business cannot be fully de
veloped here, until the slow lapse of ages. -
Iron is an article indispensable to the indepen
dent' existence of a nation. His necessary to the
use of every agricultural,mining,mechanical,mann
factoring, and maritime,tisinese. Without it. na
tions wuold soon -relapse ' into barbaritsait 'fell the
forests-with stone hatchets, and loosen the ground
lc )
with she ened sticks. Instead of steam engines
and iron ads transporting us with the speed of
birds, we should find ourselves (ravelling on foot,
and carryiug our burthens on our backs. Our yes- •
sels and stehmboats would give place to •the bark
canoe. It is . ail necessary in wares in peace. It
enters into the composition of all the implementsof
destruction in 'modern - warfare; and, I doubt not,
before long, ships of all kinds will be.built of solid
iron. How necessary—how essential then, that
we should be able to supply enough for all . : our
wants within ourselves. 'lt will be needed. We
shall not always have peace! ' , The millenium has
not yet arrived, noun it dawning,: notwiths:ainling
the visions of dreaming saints and•dreamy states !
men. The infernal invention, of gunpowder, and
iron artillery is yet unchanged. If the nations . of
Europe should become involved in 'war and drag us
into the vortex, we shall find ourselvea in a - very
exposed. and.. helpless condition, without the im
mediate power to, produce irrdauffi - cient for - all do
' rnestie purpeses.. But that-cannot take place with
out a firm,,proteetive, crealitretarill: Our hills and
viatica are. Me& vnth - the hist ore; nor mounntiaa
Covered with wood and oar mines stuffed with min
vraLcoal,..btit_they-will-all-renthin-comparatively
imwrought, so long as the' large capitalists of Eu
rope, with their vast establishments, their perfect
machinery and knowledge of the business, and their
pauper labor, are permitted to send iron among ue,
in every form, wrought and unvrrought, at but lit
tle ,more than one half the: price, 'which in its in
fancy, it coats to manufacture it here. It is idle to
bid our infant grow and flourish, while the giant of
Europe, who- has-been•growing for centuriesdisid- '
Ways at hand to - strangle him. Hold him off until
our youth has acquired a perfect stature, and then
let him come on
No
.one, I suppose, doubts our capacity to fur
nish any - required amount. Pennsylvania alone,
could supply the Union, twice over.
[coNcLusicia IN OATH NEXT.]
veto Message.
TO THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
OF TM; UNITED STATES: • "
It is with unfelgnedregret that I find myself un
der the necessity of returning to the House of Eep
resentativea, With tnY .ol jections.o hill entitled "An
act to 'provide revenue from imports, and to change
and modify existing laws imposing duties on im•
ports-and - form her - purpnsesP -- Nctilling can be'
more painful to nny individual called upon. to per
form the chief Executive duties under our limited
Constitution, titan to' be constrained to withhold
his assent from an important measure adopted by
the Legislature; yet lie would neither fulfil the
high purposes of his station, noreensult the true
interests, or the ioletini will of the People, the coin-,
mon constituents of both branches of the Govern-'
ment by yielding his well-considered, most deeply
fixed, and repeatedly declared opinions on matters
of great public concernment to those of a do•ord
mite Department, without requesting that Depart,.
ment seriously to re-examine the subject of their
difference. The exercise .of some independence
of judgment in regard to 'all acts of legislation, is
plainly - implied in the responsibility of approving
them. ,At all 'knees duty—it fiemines a peculiarly
solemn arut inmenitive one, wh,en the-subject pas-'
sod upon by Congress, happens, to involve, as in
the present' instance, the most momentums issues,
to affect variously the various parts of a 'great
country, and to have given rise in all quarters to
such a conflict of opicion, as to render it impossi
lde to conjecture with any certainty, on which side
the majority really. is. Surely if the pause for. re.
flection, intended Ity the.wite - authors of the Con
stitution, by referring the subject back to Congress
for re-consideration be ever expedient and necessa
ry, it is precisely such a case's. the present. '
On, the subject_ of distributing• the proceedi of
the sales of the public lands,,in 'the existing state
of the finances, it has been...my .dutq to make.
known my settled convictionson-various occasions
during the present session'or Congress. At the
opening of the extra session,-upwards of 'twelve
months, ago, sharing fully fn the general hope of
returning prosperity, and credit, I recommended
such a distribution;, but teat 'recommendation was
even then expressly coupled with the condition-that
the duties un imports shouidaiot exceed the rate of
2 4 0 per cent. krovided kritheVomprornisti act of
1833. These hopes wero,_pota little encouraged
and these views strengthen:Nl by .the report.cif Mr.
Ewing, then ,Secrentry_ of. the .Trensuryi which
was shortly thereaftet laid -before. Congress, In
which he recommended the impesiticin of duties 'at
be rate of 20 Per cent. ad valorem on all free rirti
cies with specified exceptional and.statedi ""if this
Memo** be adopted, Ahem will. be received in the
Treasury from customs In the last quarter in the
present year, (1841,y $5,900,000; in- all , of the
year 1842, about
.$22,500,0118;• - anCin the year
1843, sifter the final reductioeinuler the act of
.March 20833, abouf$20,1300;000;": - abil it
is believed that after the heavy expenditures re
(Piked by . the public service in the present year
shall have bee'h provided for,. the 'revenue which
will accrue lions that or a nearly proximate rate of
dutyy, will he sufficient to defray the expenses of
Government, and leave a surplus to be annually
applied to the gradual payment , of) the national
deht; leaving the prodeeds of-the public , lands to
.be disposed of iur Congress shall. r was
nisst,happy tbat:Cungorss, at'the time, seemed en
tirety to concur in the, recommendations of the Ex
-Secretary's conclnsions,.and itryiewmf an; actual
surplus, passed the distributiowact of the dth Sep
tember last, wisely ite:operation by two
conditions, baying ieferencsi.both of 4hem,- to: a
possible:state of tbe..!tressuityalilbrent'-ftem that
•whiPlt hadbeen aptieipattsi,hyAte &emu, of the
Trcasurjaint to 'the pasiunonfit•netietwities of .the
Pula:l'l l °Hk°- ordsittedn that; r.ftif warty:lune
during, the emistenue.nr . that acroti6te , shotild be
itnpositiow.of•dptios 4,•,impents .inconsiStent
with the proiiiions tha'sitillbftbeittnwoh. 1 838.
and beyond, the rater.qrsthilltrallxidby , that.act; to
wit; 2(1 pretreat Orr,f the valuer. of 3archt: portia 'or -
on, of thomelhori:olo4listributi, etts= ,
pended end%ahohld -'continitti - 416-4mtifiti until'
that cause should .beCtemovied.wY Ai,. 'previous '
clause it ttad, in a like of wise -and cautious
patilotlansi provided for ar.othan , tiaa la , which all
ati even now agreed thss4he 'proceeds 'o' the sales
of public lands '
the country,. it.viieer dinietesl - 1124,;.the act . should
continucatid.lbe in,forctputitil rwise:pwwitled
bY .laW, unless thetnited , Ststes Should become
yolsed in war with. any foreign `postelvite , Which
event,:',,frize - thecola:lll44oam% oinbordllititt44he
'IW-I;sinilliil be suspended.untiFthisetatattion of hoe;
,
) Not long after the „ripening of the pres Ont
slob of Congress, the'Unprecedented,and extraor
dinary difficulties that hTre recently embarrassed,
the finances of the country 'began to pasume' a se
rious aspect. It had become quite evident that
ihe 'lopes under.WhichthOact of 4th September.
' was passed, and which' alcine justified it in the
eyes either ofCengress who imposed or of the Ex
ecutive who approved the first of the two condi.
tions just recited, weremot destined_to
rider tlie•pressure, therefore, of the Ambarrass.
.ments , which had thus unexpectedly arisen it ap
peared to me that Hie course to be pursued had
been clearly marked out for the Government by
• that' act itself... Tbe.condition canteMplated iii it,
hs,requiring a suspension. of its operation lied oc
curred: It became necessary; in the opinions of
all to raise the rate of duties upon imports aboie
20 per cent:, and with a view both 4.0 provide
available means to meet present exingencies, and
lay the foundation ,for - it successfuLnegotiation of
a loinj felt it incumbent upon me to urge upon
Congress to,raide the duties accordingly, imps , .
tug them in a spirit of a wise' discrimination; for
the twofold object of affording ample revenue for
'the'Government, and incidental protection to.the
various branches of domestic industry. I also
pressed; in the most emphatic but respectful lan.
gunge I could employ, the necessity of making the
land sales available to the Treisury as the basis
of public credit. I did think that' I could not
stand excused, much less justified, before the
'People alb./ United States, nor could I reconcile
it to myself to recommend the imposition .of iiddl
done' taxes upon them, without, at the same time, ,
urging the employment of the Government to
wards satisfying its wants. These opinions were
communicated in advance of any definite action
ofCungress on the subject - either of the tariff or
land sules,nnder a high sense of public duty,and
in compliance:with an express injunction of the
Constitution—so that if a collision, extremely to
deprecated as such' collisions always are, has
seemingly, arisen between ' the Executive and Leg.'
islativo branches of the Government, it has assur
edly. not been owing to any capricious interfer
ence, or to any want of a plain and frank declare
tion of opinion on the part of the former. Con
gress differed in its views with those of the Exec
utive, as it undoubtedly had a right to 'do, and
passed a bill virtually repealing the proviso of the
act pith° 4th September, 1941. The bill was re.
turned to the House in which it origititcd,_with
my Objections to its becoming a law. With a
view to prevent, if possible, an open disagceineiTh
of opinion on a point so important, I took occa
sion to declare that I regarded it as an indispctisi.
tile pre-requisite to an.increasa of duties above 20
per cent, that the net of the • 4th September
should be repealed jolts provisons.. My reasons
for that opinion were elaborately set forth in jite
message which accompanied the return' of the
hill—which no Constitutional majority appears to
have been found for passing into a law.
The bill which is now Liana inc proposes, in its
27th section, the total repeal of one of the provi.
HOB in the act of September, and while it increas
es the duties above 20 per cent., directs an uncon
ditional distribution, of the land proceeds. lam •
therefore subjected %second time,:in the period
of a few days, to thecnecensity of either giving my
apprOval• to a.measage
,which, in my deliberate
judgment,is in conflict with greatpublic interests,
orofriturningit to the House in which itorigin :
iled, with my objectisiiii. - With all. my anxiety
for the passage of it law which' would replenish
an exhausted Treasury, and : furnish a sound and
lioulliy encouragetnent.to mechanic:al and i try, f
cannot consent to do •so at the sacrifice of the,
-peace.and-hartriony-of-the-cauntryi-and-the-clear—
est convictions of public duty.
For some, of thareasone which .havo brought
me to this conclusion, I refer to my previous,Mes
sages to Congress, and briefly subjoin tho
follow
ing:— • •
I. The bill unites two subjects, which, so' -far
from halving any affinity to one another, are whol
ly incongruous in their character. It-is both u
lei:re - v - 11 - 1 . 6,aq an eppropriation It thus impos
es on the•executive, in the first place, the necessity.
of eitherapproving that which ho would reject`, or
rejecting That which he might otherwise approve:
This is a species of constraint to which the judg- '
meht of the Executive ought not, in my 'opinion,
to he subjected. But that is not my only objec
tion to the act in its present (arm. The union of
subjects wholly dissimilar in their character in'
the samnbill, if it grew into practice, would not
fail to lead to cionsequences destructive, of all wise
and conscientious legislation. • Various - .measures,
each agreeable only to a'sinall minority, might, by
being thus united, and the more the greater chance
of success, lead to the passing of laws, of which no,
single provision could, if standing alone, command
a majority in its favor.' . • •
2. While the Treasury is in a state of extreme
embarrassment, requiring every dollar which it can
make available, and whin' thb Government has not
only to lay addiGnnnl taxes, but to borrow; mercy
to inect pressing demands, the bill proposes to give
away a fruitful source' of revenue—which is the
name•thing as raising nioney by loan and t xaThin
-not to meet the. wants of the Government. lint fir
distributioceetling which I must regard as
highly Inipolitie, ifrrot-uutonstitu ional.
inief review of the present condition of the
public finances will servo to illustrate the true con
dition of the Treasury, out] 'exhibit its actual 'tie-
comities. On",the sth of August. (Frani' lust,)
them wail in 'the Treasury, in round numbers. •
$2,150,000
Necessary to be retained to
meet trust funds, $360,000
Interest 'on public due in
October,
To redeem Treasury notes
and pay the interrat, 100,000
Land diatrihution,under the
. act of the 4 th'September,
1841,
Leaving an available amount of
The Navy Department had dratin requisitions
on the Treasury, at that tiine,:to meet debts actually
due, among which are bills under protest for $l,-
414,000, thus leaving an actual deficit of $444,000.
rhere wee on hand about $lOO.OOO of unissued
Treasury .notes. assisted by the accruing revenue,
amounting 'f6 alien' 4160,000 . per week. exclusive
of receipts on unpaid bonds, to meet requisitions for
the Army; and 'the demands of the civil list.
The' withdrawal of the sum of $640,000 to be
distributed among the states, so 'Mon as the state
ments and accounts can be made and completed,by
virtue of the provisions of the act of the 4th Sep
tember hist, orwhich nearly a moiety goes to a few
States and only about $383,000 is to be divided
among all the States. while it adds materially to the
embarrassments of the Treasury, affords to the
States no decided relief. •
No immediate relief from this .state of things is
anticipated, unless, what would most deeply be de
plored, the Government could be reconeiled to the
negotiation of loans already authorized by law, at a
retool discount ruinous in it*, and calculated
moat seriously to affect the Publia credit.. So great
is the depressionof_trade, that even if the present,
bill wore to become a law, and prove to be produc
tive, some time would elapse before sufficient sup--
plies would bow int&.the . Treasury, while, in i the
meantime, its embarrassments would he continually
augmented by the semi-annual distribution of the
land proceeds. , .
Indeed, there is but too much ground to appro.
lend that even if this hill wore permitted to become
a. law, all/rating as it does the proceeds of the land ,
sales, an actual deficit in the Treasury would uccur,
which would more than probably involve the ne7 .
coldly of a resort to 'direct taxation, • •
Let it be also remarked, that $5;500,000 - of the
public debt becomes redeemable in, about two, years
and a. h elf, which, at sacidfice,naust b 0 rnet,w dile
payment of outstanding Treasury note.. • Such is
the gloomy picture which bur financial Department
- now presents, and ishichAiells for the exercistrof a
rigid economy in the publjo'expenditures, mid .the
rentlerinmeivritlable of rill the means within the con;
trol of the Goverrimint„ I most reditectfullY sub
mit, Whether this is a time to give away the pro
, ere& of the•land sales, when, the :public•lauds•con-'
athlete a • fund which, of alllnthere, May:be:made'
most umefill'in sueMining ; the credit: — Can
the Government beigenerousiind irionificent tooth=
.ers-when every dollar it can command is'necessiry
teseikily its own wants?' And it Congress would.
:n o t hesitate to' suffer the . Previsions rif the Set of
t4th'Efeptember last to iveneui•;unrepealed in case
the country was involved 3n:war; is not. the 'nem&
sitylor Such a course now just es imp9rative as it'
'would thehnt •' ' • -•- • . '
• ,• • .- •
• A ' Onia cliiientOori_tenndoir-0 be:Urged, Which
vicruidbe-enffiCient, in
,iteCif, to induce mo to return'
the hint () tho Douse with my objections. ,Driinic:
, -ing two eubjapts se incongruous as Tariff and. Dia
•tribution,- it inevitably mekee - thelter rifitheretie
dependent upein thert - of - the other infritUke Centerline
of party- Can any thing be.more idtaljo . thiriner
•chtintor manufacturer than Such enialtinCol . What
• thdr most of all require i* it,4stenf ofmoderate dit
ties, so arranged to wiehtliewthe i Tariff question,as
faraa posasibleicompletely.frorit the'aretia of poll;
tical contention— , Their chief Want is permanency
and stability. Such an' increase of the Tariff, I
• belirtie:to_be necessary, in order to meet the eco
nOrnicaleicnenditures of Government. " Such an in
crease, made in the spirit of moderation and judici- .
bus discrimination, would, I .hav,e:rm fdoubt, be on
tirely satisfactory - to the great majority of the Ameri
can People.. Imthe way of accqmpliehing tt men-'
sure so salutary and so imperatiVely, demanded by
every public, interest, the Legislative Department
will meet with a cordial "co-operation on the part
of the Executive. This is all that the manufacturer
can 4osiie, and it would be a burden readily borne
by the People. But cannot too earnestly repeat,that
in order to be beneficial it must be permanent, and
'in order to be permanent, it Must command general
acquiescence: But can such permaneney be justly
hoped for if the Tariff question be coupled .With,
that of DistributiOn, as to which a serious conflict
Of 'opinion^exista among the States and the People,
which 'enlists in its support a bare majority,"if in
deed there' be a majority, of the two Houses of Erin
gress? What permanency or stability can attach
to a measure which, warring Upon iteelf, gives away
a fruitful source of revenue ..at the moment it pro
poses a large increase of taxes on the • Pcoplel le,
the manufacturer prepared to strike himself and his
interests •unon such en issuer • ;-
I know that it is urged, 'but most erroneously, in
My opinion, that instability is just as apt to be,, pro
duced by retaining the public lands as a source of
revenue as from any other Cause, and this is ascribed
to a conetant.fluctuation, as it is said, in lie'amoutit
of sales. It there were any Ming in Ode' objection
it eqmilly applies to every imposi,tion or duties on
imports The amount of revenue annually derived
from duties is constantly liable to change. The re
gulations of foreign governanents, the varying pro
dtetivetiess of other eountries ' periods of excite- .
M
ment in trade,id a.great variety of other circum
stances are Coustinitly arisilig • to affect the state of
'commerce, foreign and doniestic, and of cOnsequenee
the revenue levied upon it. The sales Of the public
domain in ordinary times are regulated by fixed
laws,-whiell'have their basis in o'dentand Morelia - mg
only in the ratio of the increase of population. In
recurring to the.statistics connected with thin
ithe perceived that for a period of ten years
lerecedi lig 48:34, the average amount of land Mich did
not exceed $2,900,000. •
•
For the lucre:lse which took pIaCC. in 1834-5 and
wemre to look that_ pi:culler condition of Mc
country which grevi , out . ot. one of 'the most tixtra
-ordinary excitenients in busineFs and speculation
that have ever occurred ill the histol y of commer
and currency. It•was the fruit of a wild spirit of
adventure engendered by a vicious system of credits;
miller, the evils of which the country is still labour
ing:Mid which it is foully hoped will not snonre
cor>'.'
Considering the . vast amount of investments
made by private individuals in die public lands, dur
ing thoSe three years, and which cyaiilloll $43,0u0,-
000, equal to more than t‘velity .years
taking the raerage 'of sales of the ten
v ears. it-may be safely asserted that the resulfof
the pub ic land sales tan hold out nothing to alitrin
the rinumfacturer with the idea of instability in the
revenues,alid consequently in the course of the Go
vernment.
Under what appears to' - ine,lherefore, the sound
est com,iderations of-public polies.; suit- in view of
the inteiests.of every branch of domestic industry,
I return you the'bill with these my objections to its'
becoming a law. -
. I takb occaShin emphatically to repeat_myensiouti
desire tO'co-operate with Congress, in the passing
of a tan , which,•while it shall assist in supplying the
wants oethe Treasury aniltemestablisli_Publin_cretlit;_
shall atlbril to the mannfactiirlig interests of the
country all the incidental protection they require.
to call on Congress to re-consider Alseqinltinet. If,
on such re-consideviikinii, a majority of two-thirds of
both houSes should be in favour of this measure, it
will become a law notwithstanding my objections.
In a case or clear and manifust error on the part of
the President, the presumption bf the Uonstitution
in that such majorities will be 'pond. Should they'
be so found in this case, loviqg conscientiously die
chargeiliny own duty, I shall elieerfidly qequiesce
hi:the result,- -
WASIIINbTON, A ugar gth, 1142.
•
The Velo--1111..• Adams. •
( 0 , Tyler's •hist Vcto Message coining up for
consideration on . the 10th instant, ui the House
of Representatives, Mr. ADAMS obtained the floor,
and delivered an able. end. keorehing speech, in
which he used up "Captain Tyler" ut an untner
eifid rote In the course of his.reintirlcs,
• Mr:-A Mots said that the war was now-declarer:
—the isassw was complete—the measure which
would Intro . 0111:0tIll joy over the land; was now
lost. The Executive had made open .war upoii
this and the other bratsch•Uf Congress r. apd neither
enuld yield to the Executive witliont.atsgrdec.—
The public intet este had been prostrated, and by
whoie? Eis - colleague (Mr. Coshing-0 had said
upon another occasion by this Cong ress. - Where
now I.tv the fault, he would ask him and the
count,
'-' -- 7tlT. — Adanss. however,' proceeded very brlefly
to enumerate the. great measures of Congress.—
lie legan with the Bankrupt Act,. and did .the
Presisa it the justice to approve of his approval
of tilt- net. lle next alluded to the National
Mink Bill passed at the Extra Session of Con.
gress. That salutary measure was met with the
Exestutitie "Veto." Cotitpess passed another bill
Irene si to meet in sonic measure th., wishes of
t 1 Executive, so much so that lie could not vote
fur it, and that teas met by a ditto fveto'—.Ditto.'
The country in consequence ofthis interference
of the Executive, was in no better condition when
Congress met than when it adjourned. Then the
bill that was fronted in conformity to his own
suggestions, even frufned at his request, even to
the giving of a name to the act, was' met by -the,
Excentise's, veto.. • lie -vetoed not only what •he
gave many gonllethen to understand he would
approve, but he did more than this in vetoing the
measure of Congress.
The mext great measure of this Congress was
upon retrencbntent;,and Congress had done this
:most thoroughly in reducing the Army and the
Navy. The President had recommended that
both be increased. The Department ot War and
the Department of the Navy had recommended a
large increase of their respective forces. With.
out the reduction of the Army and Navy there
could be no retrenchment., • In the expenditures
of this House there could be no reduction of any
groat consequence. -In the Army and Navy there
could . be a reduction - of - Mr.-Adams
next alluded to the Apportionment Bill approved
by the Executive of the United States with a
protest. -
~This he-called a masked veto, and leav
ing this he came-to a cominentary upon the veto
of the little'Tarifl Bill.
80,000
640,000
$1,180,000
$970,000
I say. (said Mr. Adams,) and the Committee
on the. Judiziary have said, that no revenue'could
be collected tinder the act or Congress as it is
now enforced by the President._ Not a lawyer
upon. this floor would afftrinthat revenue could
be collected' under the, acts of .32 and '33. " And.
yet a bill which provided for the collection of
.revenue under these acts had been vetoed. The
collection of money under that act he likened to
the collection of ship money in Englund, but the
power to collect revenue iu this case wee' to he
decided, not •by the ! Supreme Court, who might
decide as the Judges of Englund did, upon, the
n cesaity of the case.
A Jury was to decide in the present case. Mr.
Adams then 'spoke. of the lastoveto, and in strong
apposition to this extraordinary exercise . of power
lby the President.
' Closing his remarks, 'Mr. Adams briefly re
ferred.to the views which seemed to control the
action of the President.' He was, he concluded,
acting in reference to the Presidency, and the
ambition for re-election controlled all lie did. Ho
had united himself in seine rn4uure with the
Dean/critic party, and in the event of that party
succeeding, -he would, predict that they would ho
thwarted by the President as the. party now in
the majority in the House hid been.
This
_Wenld , dont as soon as it was under-.
titonStAhalthegtecutivaLuottid-not-receives-the
anion t ofthatcplyty for-re-eleation,
Mr: Adams elo•Aed hiciemarkr with a motion
to- refer.the merAtige'of.the Preside ni; to a Select .
Committee of thirteen.
.ineinbers—,which was a
greed to, o yes 108; ,nays 84, , -
265 Personcoonnectcd with the establishment
„" •
All this vast quantity of pentannel soil materiel, i s . '" • a
now engaged in the publication of the DAILY unit
WISELLY IIEItALD, 'which has a: circulation
throughout the world of nearly. IMIIITY THUD ' •
SANE.) COPIES.' We afso issue several other.pith-, .
Stations, such us the New' York, LANCET. Es.c.-;• - w•
Thit vast businesiplowCompletely organized, Isom.. , , , ,
' ducted •on the cash principle. This, combined with
energyplasto, tact kuteltperience, is the source of
.._ . .
11-1 1: u .:fl e i Gg h . e seen, ' ih:eivf - o;e;from ihese:situide -j ftiO r. t -77 4,. ,
that we possessumple means to starl an .entemrillet:
that may . bring forward and patronise theilreteliorts;
of American Merlin:ire towards a national intlepen.,.
~
dente, while we can retaliate and set limit tO:the .'`'
Gazette, the
and fully ofDritislistuthors, who haleitindclf'
NY ' AN. INcIDENT , -;--The' Erie the guidance: of I/ickins, formed a tnciu - confedera.4 •
noticing the return' of the Buffitlo,:finin'thelate oy against this continent, and the progress of *beige'
pleasure escursionio the upper lakes, says _a little Marl!, similar to 'that. concocted in 1770 . against its'
incident occurred at St.•Mtirie, one' of the imp. tuitional rights. Cheap literatere: will: multiply
cling 'pieties, not unweithy of ciedit..., A 'band Of readers , and many reader".wili !INV: hod) publisher .
and author. We have means, of issuing half a mis':
Adkins were invited- On
their gyrations an a d ' 'ti added overboard
'deckle dance, and • in
ge eler. • ' : hq s n of :literary and s.seientifie sheets per weejt, ot.a
i t tiii ii.. ke n f , 6,litatts . eitch . —, ma .
~.l cingd,p_tp4o, , wLieh,t A niler ..
land'sunk: 'Any ono acquainted with the fidolity
and filial character - all*: Indian's tetwakns tho • te en's system oi.pti minion . you'll cost
s6oood, or more, and thus d4rlvetl i te gre - . at ffuss' a
aged of their tribe, hies readily Imagine' the:un- of the people of literary food tor theininuls! . ' '
eadhly °flea and lamentations Immediately:sent Suelt.in brief is the plan five 'o l 'oa°- We "n" .
up by the Whplei bead.
- Quick as thought, a young ceive it' to• ho or more magnitntle and Importance
:
Indian,sen of the drowning squaw-- Oluogfd, ;r to thati any prepot for the adrumergent.of 'image yet
- - .' ~ • .
the rescue of his innthe4 hut' failing:to rue' in a :devised: 'lt is a fit accompaniment to the vast ad
rriasonabletinte; W,:: Mrimoa Rotate*, Engineer vancement in attain power. .- : •
,oriAlie Brib Canakand One ' of the pleasure party,. . All persons wishing for further infeimation' or '.. •
itluhted 'in air, and:very enoUreseto the aue. wishing to ehgage in furnishing origiruil manuscripts, "'
will address letters, filurc!as :past ,f , pifi, to the un er. ! ; :
taco with' both' mother 'end son, when all were
hauled on . hoard in safety!, Nothing cOuld canoed 11 ', g nel ' ' ... JAme. „ . ...., r ,. , . o nto ' N .: i i ri „ l , N , i r . ..‘
the 'gratitude of the tribe tcoittrchi MP: $., ennui- p • ' .-I - • 11.. , - '
festcsfisy sertiarus of, delight and hanging . upon ` New
aoenzarott or rif a aatitAtO ...TARLISHISMIre —, .. •
York, sth . A14'1141842. N. W. corner - iil ,, ' '
him as though thoy would cat him with kindness.. assaikand Fulton 'street ' -' •• . - • '
ter HINT..--The celebrated • Dig- Abernethy saidt . tell, you honestly, what I think
is the whole cat* of the complicated maladies of
the human frame; it is their gormandizing and
stuffing, and stimulatinglbe digeative organs to ex
cess, thereby creating irritation. The state of
their minds is another grand ,pacse—tba,fidgetiag
and ,disconteriting themselxiss about that. which
cannot helped—passions of 'ail kinds—maiignant
passions and worldly' cares, pressing upon the
mind, dietorh the central action; and do a great .
deal of harm." These are tertairrly.aexcellentitirila
Or the present unsettled tinies.r., •
• , Trying; to Cheat the ri'el 61/14'. , -Alive gar.
ter snake, about twelve incites in lengikturaituund
in the Savannah mail bag, on opening itat the
Baltimore Poet Office, recently. .
niinamtvvvvulfvunninon
A 'qusint old writer remarkti, that' a man should
dress his wife a above his means., his elithiren up to .
his means, and hiinself below .his means... lie fur
ther remarks however, that the' ladies shotild not
be told this-,they will therefir73haie the goodness'
not to read this paragraph!
ItnannavviAmnaviAnni
,
trirA MARRYING Mitiv..-A good joke is
told 'of a bigamist in North Carolina. He lad
!marrjed - hii thirteenth - wife without waitivre for
any of them to the off as the law directs, when
some of his loves came down on him, and had
him safely lodged iu jail for breaking their hearts«
Our hero, however, soon, managed to break jail s
and was again at Ihrge;bitt being recognized by
a man -who was anxious to obtain the handsonr
reward -offered for his'arrest, he invited‘the-biga.
mist to accompany him home, and , called in his
wife to chat with hint while ho went for.an'tdficer
to take him On-returning with the constable
shortly affET, what was the pier man's,astonisli
ment to find that the gay Lothario had absconded
zni‘h his , own wife! „
REVIEW'OF THE MARKETS.
. • PHILADELPHIA, August 13, 1842.
FLOUR'AND MEAL—The market for Flour
'has been. rather Hat for the last few days, tholigh the
stock and receipts continue very light; • prices Teq ,
main at $5 31 Tor Western, $5.50 for old stock,and
$5 50 however is the extent that purtliasers seem
willing to give, and the market on the decline. Rye
flour remains very searee, tool price firm itts4 per
GRAIN.—New Wheat iacmning to market more
freely this week, and prices have• given way. -Ott
Monday a sale WA 8 Made of 1500 bushels old.Nlis.
sour' Wheat at. - 128:•, but to-day we cannot quote
prime old Pennsylvania red over 120 a 123; sales.
of new do at 115 c; new Delaware we quote, witty
sales
,at front.l.oo.to 112_e; per_bushel._ Corn is not
nlenty; Penna round yellow • 5,8 a 60 per bushel.-••
New .5 tats Old 25e. pee•bushel. • •
WHISIIPN-LContinues•searce, and is worth 22/
a '23e per gallon. •
CAT PIA: NI ARKET.-Reef Cattle-900 at mar
ket; sales from $5 50 to $6 50. Cowsand Calves
-050 at market; autos from '25 to $3O; extra $3.5.
Springees 18 to VA/. Dry Cows 6 to $9. Calves, in
drove yards $1 a' 1 75; eXtra $3; by'weight on the
Delaware, from 3 to 3/ live weight: ,Hugs-200
at market.' Sales at 4 50 - a'i - 75. Sheep - 96(tai
Market, sales SI a 1,,75; extra S 25.'
Au,ubi : l3, 1842.
FLOUR—has declined, and ffowiird St., in dull'
a fiilliiig off 37i cents per bbl: saner the thug of
making up•otirfabt report. Sales were made yes
terdwe at $5 62fr, some purchasers . refutint to pay .•
ipielianna at $5 75—prices rather difficult to obtain '
-GliAlN.—Nc4'Wheat including Maryland and
PenasylVania. sold yesterday fram 1 15.t0 1 24, for
good to prime reds; and a lot• of old Pennsylvania
was sold a few days-sine at 1 25. Maryland Rye
has sold at du cents. Maryland Corn, 53144 54 cents
for white, and 55 for yellow; and a lot of {Pennsyl
vania at M .- New Oats ,re doll at 22 . to 23 cents;
WHISKEY—Has improved in price, sales of hds
having been.•made at 25 cents per gallon, and
(JATTLE MARKET.—Beef Cattle.—The - offer:
logs at the drove yards on, Monday, aniounted to
-about 350 head: of-generally (good-quality, from IGU
to 170 head of which were sold, nod the 'remainder
were taken to another ,market. The kiera paid
ranged front 3 75 to Si. 75 per 100 lbs.- We hear
aTiin rallFileilollb beyond - a kind' of retail
-chara-eler.
To agic raibrie.
Prtonwi . for the athancenient of Wetmore
anal science. 111LlogCompleted our ust etAKlJ
liblunt•nt in all its varts, ee nee unw ruoly to enter
upon the nrignilieent plan We hale lnoe contemplat
....l, Com the auk:mecum:lit of i ttacrtinn 11111/ general
lit 1 1 11 1 11 , C11211.w.....1 in do BOlTlelloil.B . 121 our
Iltly 111111 ga,a•ratiQt4 by way of 1110Cluet Weil/06111 to
rtilltre I.IIIICS. •
It is useles • to waste. word,, preliminary to'n gritial
plan L.l, us collie to the no e.
We propose to publish original tides, novels;
teasels, sketches, poetry, OP Seie!dale pipers, written
tiy. :A.inericaii authors. We propose to prim and
publish works in the shape or EXtl'll Literary
II r..lds,..just as oftiai and us tiist as they eon be issu
ed. from our last priming establishment, to the extent •
lb once, twice or thrice a week. The limn) of these '
ptlblie.,ll()llS is to he like that of the Weekly Herald—
the price mots per single shaft Sind ill proportion
for each,additiontil sheet. fliese works will be pub
lished iii editions of 10,000, 20,000 or bU,Oun copies,
so its to o , i've a cheapness th t may ensure their ex- •
and popularity.
The terms Which offer to all American authors
are these:—The cost of printing and publishing, at
I
the lowest cash prices, s first to be reimbursed out '• •
of the receipts—the profits, iifte!;„ this deduction, is
in to be divided equally between the publisher and •
the ritatleirs,as fast as the profits are received weekly
or monthly. The receipts of every new edition are
to be divided on the sanie,principle.
Now for the means, both niuterieLand personnel
'which 'we possess for carryipithisproject into effect.
We possess. in our own right, n large building, iti
the most central part of New Yorkon which are
organized a moat extensive prit.tingestablishment—
and also a daily suutcutintry Jourtuil unsurposeed in
point of arrangements, order and efficiency, in any
part el' the world. We may enumerate the follow
mg the material of this establialimein:—
. NlLTsattai. or TUE lIMIALU E6TAIII.IBIIIIRIIT.
1 Six story brick and granite building N.W. '
corner of Nassau and Fulton streets,Bofeet
long, and 25 feet'wide ' ' $35,000
4 lloe's double cylinder fait prMises, 'throw..
lag off from 3,000 to 6,000 copies per hour 14,000
4 bloc's patent presses • 1 ,500
.
1- llydralic press—equal•to•a•pressure or
(Thus 1,000
.
1 Steam engine 'l,OOO
. .
2 Steam boilers • . 1,000
.
' •
Other prmises 2,000
Printing nudes ials, tee. -- • ' 8,000
.A.,,gregate materiel, $64,500
Ali these materials are of the first quality, sill per..
fectly•tiew, and all paid for in cash- 1 heyare,there
fore, in the most c'omplete order jrF any . etiterprize
that we may tinderiiiktr ihr the advancement of
American literature, religion or science.
Thu personnel of Our establish:neat is as follows:
r ERIONEL OF TUE IILRALLD'ESTA [MIMI:TINT:
1 Owner t editor, proprietor, propli 1,
.head man,
- beau saini, head 141Vttli or head devil •just us you
please (J. (3.lJesitiet.)
. 9 Reporters; writers or editors. .
25 Printers, compositors, &c,
'
RI Pressmen, hops, hie. . • - •
.
•
8 Clerks, buys, Ste. - - •
' 2l ' Colreapondent's in all parts of the world.
tld New•sivien. Or'carries in the oil) of New York.
60 Newsboys of all ages in thi: city. _ • -
30 Agents through the principal towns of America
hull Europe.
80 Newsboys employed by agents.