, , ME makinata--wroc, 4414 „. ~• . .- R .. - - e - i, , ster .f 4 N • o ti . c e , • A fegister , d Office, 'L,nrlisle, July 31, Mi.'NOTTCS'is - ? S.. hereby given to all . Legatees, Creditors .and other persons concerned, that the following ac counts have,heen filed in this Office, for examination, . by'the Accountants therein named, and will be Pre sented to the Orphans' Court of' Cumberland county, for 'confirmation,and allowance, on Tuesday the 31st day of August,A. D...1841.--tviz: • The account of Henry Rupley,AdminiStrator of HaVid Creeps, deceased. . • TlMacCoUnt of John F. 'Hummer, Administrator of Jadob Crotzer, deceaged. : • ..- •.. .• The accoun i t-of-E4 hraim Common, Administrator` of Eliza . Spis6r, timer ed. -- . • • , 1 •-, 'The' accoMme of J eel) . Kosir, Administrator of ' \ Benjamin Swartz, deco. ded. • The supplemental and filial account of Curtis Thompson, Administrator of Jane McFall, deceased. ' The account of John 'COover, Executor of .Mary 1 Rupp, deceased: ...,The,SUpplettrentaLand , ,finaLAccounLof-William Hinney and John Coover,F.xecutora of AndreW'Vet 7 row, deceased. - ' - • 7 The account ofJacob-Eogle, Administrator of Dr: Thomas,Greer, deceased. . . Thcaccount of Samuel Bricker; Administrator of Peter First, deceased.. • - • The .account of ,James H. Eaiin, Ekecutor of Mhrti a' zerman, deceased.. ' The ".count of George ratte"rson and Francis S. Hubley ; . Executors ofJoseph Third, deceased. The vcoount of Abraham Bretz, one of the Execu tors cif .10‘.,0b Miller, deceased. . ° , The account of Philip Koentz,Administrator 'of • John Moody' Moor, deceased. . • . The''aCCOnnt ofNlary Cdebran rind Robert Coch ran, Executors of Patrick Cochran' decenSed, ” . 'The account of .David Moser, Executor Ot. Henry Moser, deceased. . '' :', l •, nr li e ; :t cc o 'ln t of-William Bloser and David Blmer, Exe'cutora of Peter ltiri , :.c,:ideceased..__.: . •"„ _ 1 ..': The account of INterßarnhart, ArheiMstrattoof ...L.Wilheyoinith'rOtgor;;OrWeaSed; - -•.-71'' - ;' , C ':;;,"•-•-• : : • :,-.... l.l i't l ' ; if.t3ii'd ,-. Witlili 6 illY . O.likW i riP* o '-bil - i:it7Tril;el't eakley. - :- . ' - ''. '. : -- ,' : ' '..‘: .. . . , l'lmP aeraiant of John Gillen, Guardian Of • Owen. ''' MCG amen. - —' ' . '- ' '`''''”- ' ' The account Of 'George .Christlieb;.Guardian of -• Margaretliemvno%vMargaret Killion , - - ---.-- The necount' of jacob • Shrom, Guardian of Wm • .McKim' - .0 The account of Christopher.Switer, Administrator ofJoim Swiler, dectmsed. • • • R egi St •• -., Orphans' Court Sale. , county, the 'following real estate late the property of Michael Saxton; late M . Silver Spring township, in said county, will be sold by public' outcry, on the premises, on SatMday the _2Btb of August next; at 11 o'clock A. M., the-fidlowing property,. viz: All that certain_ Ambition sitnate_m_SikerSpang_l --, township, bouneled by lands of, .George l't!yers, • Gco. H; ljahcr and others, cord:l4l - about one hundred - and six acres, of gravel -and Limestone Patented Land, having thereon erected . . 11, A Double Two Story - ' LOG , HOUSE -6 2.,...,.,!. . =.. ~ ....-, 72... 4 DOUBLE FR4IIE B4.i?Jl'; and sundry outbildings. The •land is in hood milli ration and under fence,,abowei7lity . acrea of which are cleared, and the - redub si lino thrtvingli intik land. mng strea . likikalidt4i,rilliaiakAppip. ,• Orchard and other limit trees. At the smile time and place Will be sold a lot •of ground situate in the same' township, bounded by lands olGeorge, AlYers, John Eshel Man, Jaenb Eck art and others, containing five acres move or less, having thereon erected a • Two Story. Log House and a good , • Log Stable, . There is an excellent well of water at the door, and --, the premises arc in excellent cultivation and under 1 . good fence. . , ---- TERMS OF 5ALE...4309M be paid on the large tract and . sBo on the small tract on the confirmation of the sale. One half of the residue of the purchase money of the large tract on the first of April next, . when possession will be given,and the balance in two equal annual instalments without interest, The residue of the.pm•chase money of the small tract on the first of April next, when possession will-be giv en of it. Payments to be secured by judgment bonds. ' . • Any information can be received by making rip. - - plicatioitto the-subscriber residing in said townshil JOHN SAXTON, Adm'r , . ' July 28,1841. Orphans Cotirt Sale. The following real estate, the property of Jacob Rife, lute of East L'ennsborough township, Climber land county, deed., MI ill he sold on the premises, by virtue of au.order' of - sale of the Orphans'. Court bf said County, an Saturday the 2fith day of August next, at 10 o'clock, A. At., to wit: All that certain Plantation 'or . -TRACT OF LAND, • • situate in said township of East.Pennsborough, nit' bounded by lands of Thomas Wharton, John Booser, Andrew Beck, Jacob Shroll, John Martin and oth era and coition"' lift' • • 2 acres ,. More Or lessone half of, whielt is cleared land, in good cultivation and well fenced, and the other half excellent timber land. The improvements are a I Two Story Stour • u , 0' . I[J S E A; a it LOG STABLE and other never failing spring of running water is near the house. This property. is pear the State road from Sterrett'S.Gap to I larrisburg, and is' litUate about -six miles foom,Alie latter place. The title to the land ;a good, dmsame having be'en paten ted. Conditions of sate---one fourth of the purchase money.to be paid on the confirmation of sale, and the residue on the Ist of April nexi, when possession will be given to the payments to be secur ed by recognizance in the Orph an JOHN's Court. ' HOLTZ • , Adrik.,9lJacob Rift), dcc'd. • July 2,1,1841 • WILLIAM. 157113' : Qtfice and .dwelling in High street, next difor to Rev. J: V. E.Tliorn., Carlido; August 24 1.841.—tr. CAIIINIET MAKING.' .' 'I WPM. C..GIBSON: ' . Still 'continues the Cabinet Making in all its va rious branehes, at hireld stand in North HanoVer i street, two doomiaboxthe store of W. Leonard ; where be is now itianilfacturing, and intends keeping on hand, a great variety of ,- , • ~. • • --7- --CABINET - FURNITURE 1 sue, as Sideboards, Bureaus, See yet ari e s,,Card, Pier, Dining End :Breakfast Tables; Bedsteads, RM., of the • , most fashionable kind, all,of, which lie will Aisposti pf - OM the mostrensonaide ,terms.. • Ile , is also prepar .Ao4o'fill all'orders for 9 IMMO" SEATED SOFAS ,'';iiiiiii,POCY. awns, warranted to be .of superior . • , •'.: . !) - 14ifllt" ; ,. , !" : • • " ft"2.feApw,ill ale() furnish COFFINS at the elicit:test n0...': ...': `JBeePitid , hiving recently proeured a NEW HEARSE, ~'lntispreparcd to .attend ,tnerals in the country., ':',•'•'..:Ottrliele", August 4;1 , 0 ~.1y .'' ' • ' its; .I[IIANITIEI - 5 , l i - il 4 0 .II; '. ;:. .:::: ' ' : li f' , 1 0=0,4 : ~. , . . , ‘,3l*Qirliele Penlea 'NATHAN , -Noith,llanove . . . . . . . . . . . . - • . . , . • ' , . , , , . . . . , . . . . . .. . . . , , . • _ . . . . . . - . ' ' . .. ' •- - . ' ' .. .. .. , . __ . _ ~ . . •0.• ' . , ' . . . . . . • . , . .... , • . ... - . . . , • . . . • . , . , , ' . .. , . . • • . . , ..... , , ~ , . , ..• .., .. ~, , , , . .. , , .....--_, • . . • . . ... . . . ' . . . ' • . -.---......- ..-.....___ . t ....,-.....,...,.... ~..„...:. ~ . . • . . . . . . ih.....e .1. .. LW" „.,.. it . .. ." . .„. :,. ~. All . , ' , ..7'.' . .. •-.0.1, ~., i .0 es, , . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .• . . . . • . . ..0 ..0.1.. . . ~...- ._. , .... - . ,-, '., . . .. . • , . , . • . . • ' . .. . . , . . . . . . .• , . . ... .. . „ . . • • • • • . , A FAMILY::-NEWSPAPERr - - - -DEVOTEI4O- ‘ TO ARTS AII I 7'iSOIF.iiCES I .44O..4ICULTAIR,.A.IIUS.OiENT,. • . „:, .„ • . •, FO lAIT IC A. 14 From the Mobile .lourall of Commerce. ReciproCitir of Trhde, No. I. • . • The time is at hand when it will become necessary to remodel, our system of duties, so• as to increase our reVenues'io an amount' adequate to the Wails and w necessities of igoveraraent;'or to • ado . pt some other sys tem of taxation for- its support, if deemed by the majority more consistent with. good 'policy, of congenial to the purity , and per manence of our political institutions. That ia great difference of opinion, should 'exist on .the .subjed, -in a country like ours; .r-witereilie-m - as-s--areAnteliient - and-ca . pahl • 1 • id thinking for themselves, and discussing 1 the:most - grave and -intricate - qUestions . of national policy, is not surprising or to ..be Iregretted.. ' i It is' 'hoped, when the congress of the iriation shall be called upon'to act upon this, important qneStion, 'they will' de' so in a spirit of kindness . and forbearance, land that harmony and• good feeling, divest ed,of local' or sectional . prejudices, may. - charactrize, their 'proceedings ;. that they may legielgite as Americans. should . donpon question of Smoican our. present system of duties will doubt- . less•oceupf . mtielt of tlietime, and -attention Poi grass 11(-; AI . ; tr • 45.:$ o 940 lie . jaily..introilliced ink) the delijues 0,141)0-last. 'session,' induce" :belitifA,' that be approached ..With gredt caution, boa no. tic tion-takett• Without-matore,:deliberatieq."—._ The discussion of the saipct-ivill embrace :Such 'others - as will have ,'any 'connexion with, or even. distant bearing . upon, the ifinestioreof riv_enueainance;:nurrency4Tree • trade, protection, reciprocity .and -retalia ' tiorksommeree; . - &c. Although, ho_mintd. there-is but one. object. to accomplish '(that of bringing theleceipts of the govern ment to an amount equivalent to its expenr .tlitures;) yet there may lie-said to exist four -sets-olopinions-as-to-the : best-m - otle-ofdo- ,- ng•sa. • - . • It is my purpose, briefly to notice what appear to one. the most - flagrant errors of opinion on the subject of duties, which. seems to preVail to some extent ; though notrith the expectioioo , of doing jus tieg.lo a subjeet,or,su - ch magnitude andim portatice ; jyt requires an: abler pen than mine. no views, which offer are Those. 1 — ll•ltife• prevail in Congress as to the most expe-• dient modes of enacting a revenue sufficient . to meet ,the expenses of government.-- They may be classed as follows • ,lst. The advocates of unrestricted free trade and direct taxation. end, The friends of free trade, except so f.ir as a duty is necessary for the support of the government, giving a preference to articles of luxdry., • . . • • .3d. The' biligiorterrof—a-proveetivewd= tern. 4th.• The advocates of reciprocative and retaliative duties. Though_ the- advocates of " unrestricted free*trade" are, few in number,Aheii . pos don and standing in the councils of the cduntry entitle. their views, however ab- Surd; to a passing notice. .They , Would see our ports thrown open to every species of-production and manufacture from other_ nations; while our products are either- ex-L' chided limn - their ports, or made to Tay .a heavy tribute for the support of their Gov ernments. , They would make us. the ab ject dependants upon' foreigners for many articles of consumption, and•giVe Them the pstwer to compel the poor man to pay niore )n msaartion to his means, for the support ef . his government, than the rich matt with' his hoarded millions, Who indulges in - The luxuries of -every clime... There -need .be no -apprehension, however, that such. no tions of national policy will ever - obtain currency in any civilized country, until all commercial nations shall agree to yecipro. cate. . " • The second, and probably the most nt merous, class. in Congress, are those who 'believe in the policy of free trade, except so far as a duty is (necessary for the - pur poses o revenue, and would select for their object, articles of luxury, the product of countries that tax our products heavily ; and such, also, as ive have the•',ability, to produce ourselves; such as Silks, ines,- Linens, ,&c., without -wishing to interfere ,with the principle. upon which the "com promise" was founded, or - disturb its 'pro visions any further than is necessary for revenue purposes. • .-- They are opposed to free _trade in it extreme literal sense, but are ,tm far its adsextreme vocates, as to,oppose any rate of duties be yOnd the wants of governnient,:or equiva; 'lent to those paid iypon our exports to for eign nations, at their parts. There-ere many, 'among the advocates of this emuse . of policy; who believe in the expediency of the protective. System, - LIM feel :them , selVeS - pledged 'to' consider that' questiVti. Settled by-the tompremise ' , AtiMng - the many who Ofew:Years - sineo were'strenuous in their support •of - the " proteetiveiritem,"- but few remain who so pertinaciously adhere to their 'Opinions as to openly-avow, and•advocate them, and -refuse . to- .consider tiro-settlement:of the'? question beyond- .-the.'two :tintagenistieal partics at that time as--binding..;, -Whether the So 'called :"Anieriesti:Systent”; was , one OrsoUrid Calculatetl,-toproinote the' best interests . of OttitonittrY . ,;.-ictuaints for future generatiOns to judge; the'pretient '6,11e has beettioo Much pgiteted; prejudices Ern e_d_and .P-abli I , d- NALI for arid against, excited too deep and-yio lentoo:.DeriniVan unbiasSA "decisicin, the discussion of the principles involved in .its policy, !las been almost entirely aban doned by common Consent, under ; the in- - fluence of a'pptriolic love .of country, and attachment 'to , lbe Union, alike creditable to its friends and, opponents, 'The extraordinary discrepency between the duties levied •by many foreign nations upon our products, and the rates of duties required in.. our ports, upon producis anal Manufactured. articles'. from these nations . , has led some of our , mostenlightened states men to advocate a system of " reciproew. live 'and retaliative duties." • Jim 'term "retaliative " may grate some what harshl u.th% cars whose" 'sensitive o7 wealth and political economy are founded Upon fine spun ilie'ories ; which ; though they strike the mind as conclusive, will not stand the test.of practical experience. But let us enquire if the exigencieso fthe case do not call•for the adoption ofh suc a course Of policy in . our .commercial relations with foreign powers, as shall e them to ex tend • - tend to us the saine•liberalitywe h ave ever manifested toward's there.. It is •an- axiomin political 6" on my. that the wealth of a•aation. I - epem s upon its ex cess of 'exports above its imparts;' in other words, that it sells more . than :it buys. - If : the reVerseis. the-mei-it einksiiitoprivertf lerc oreyffeeir •• :enlightenedidieigiieyn of everygovern ment so .to legislate as toyincrease and ~limiiiish the :other. - `:Otis means, by' whieli• lias ibeen - aecomplisiied to a great:- &tent,: particularly .by....Englandianti_ France, bas been by effecting such treaties tvitli otlrr priwers as tn..sectire the aim's: sion• into their several kingdoms, Of their proiltiets-7and`-manda goo ctured - ( siotr - the most: favorable terms 4, o and, at the same time;--levy-ing.---enormons-dutie a-upon-the• - products of other countries, .particultirl upon 'materiallyarticlee.ofio.xiiry,' - which lessemconstuription. • • • Both England and France; which Make great_ pretension - to "reciprocity- of trails," receive annually at their Custom-houses, more than double the arhount of duties upon their imports from abroad, than is paid on a much larger ,amonnt ofexports at the ,custom-houses of the several nations to which they send their productioni. • • Let us- contrast the positionof Great Britain with her restrietivepnd prohibitory r policy, with the United - States and IL free 30,006;1:103 - TdeOrechrinirrYwo - tr o,,, which possess no variety of clitinate, and a soil not capable• of producing even its own bread stuffS, exports annually to the amount of Five Hundred Millions of dollars, ex ceeding its , imports over $200;000,000, which excess goes to increase . her national wealth: She is • the wealthiest and most powerfuFnation upon the globe. Almost every nation is her debtor, and she has be -eorrie 111;0Ventre or thelinancialind monied world. • • • - The United States, with a population of 14,000,000, occupying an almost boundless extent Of territory, which embraCes nearly every grade ofclimate between-the two extremes, a fertile and productive soil,•ca -noble of producing every.necessary of life, and-nearly all of itsluxuries, exports an nually one.humited million of dollarif, - a - - : gaiest pn. import exceeding• that amount, taking . the' average for 10 years -past, of nearly 25 per cent. per aniinin: - - She Mires a foreign debt of nearly . $250,000,000, her citizens individually and, collectively embarrassed, her currency unsound, miff; dence and - abroad . impaired, and nothing but her vast . natural resources of soil and climate, and the physical and in-, tellectual energies of her people, could save her from bankruptcy and universal poverty. The difference in the condition and pros perity of the two most enlightened notions in the world,. inevitably leads me' to--thez. ,conclusion that there is something wrong in our commercial policy ; that. the evil grows,out of onr,excessive imports and li mited exports, and that legislation may and should be so applied as to remedy it by diminishing the one and. increasing the Other.' This may be done.by The adoption of a system•of duties which.' shall permit the free introduction of foreign ; products into our ports, upon precisely the sain'e terms that 'our products are received into theire. If Eand will admit our cotton., tobacco and tour' ot° her ports free of duty; let us admit her silks and manufac tured .goods on the same, condition; if she Place's a duty 0150 per 00.; lot L yo do the same. In this way, we can 'bring .other nations to reciprocate anlact upon our.frec trade prhiciples; but. Without the adoption Of sonic such .coUrseiVe•maY continue to I toil on for the benefit of -other nations;• en 'riching them, and, finding. ourselves - more deeply in.debt.eiery year. ••• . • 'Were it possible by traty.or otherwise; for us at once to secure the ,: adinisaioil•of Our prodnete into all foreign countries upon as favorable a, footing ad We,reeriVe theirs, venture to assert' that in• less than 10 years, our exports,Nould be 'double • what they . now are; while our iinporte•Would not increase. 50 ''per ,In support' of:_this : opinion,'l ;wilt name -two articles of OM-. Auction WOO . we It i #o'ol - ability Id,' pro duce to an ektenV•a,,n Oat eufficient to, sup ply _the entire dematid of Europe, if their rettrictivti,thitleitt :Upon wero ieduced to'4llo4faxintiunn'ot ours, painely,.Tnbacco and Flonr. •; Upoiv tobaceo; which eosts.at New Orleans but to. 10 seento pper pound, the' dutY..in England -.is 3 sliillings; ster ling., or abootls cents, (equivalent tol.looo oprie or wmttxmakomav%imulivazaaa,4'<eliiis o aaaa4 . . . ) andabout tit . amine per cent. on its cost;- Throughout the continent of Europe, which tO.a great extent interdicts its,tintroduction and.use,.asit ill too txpensiv.efe luxury fOr the poorer 'Classes to indulpe,,in-;.but re move the restriction so.aa tee:plice.it;with in the reach oftlielaboring'Oasses, which embrace 9-10ths of the whqe population, an the consumption would.increase -100 per c . e annum for the next to years, cause a demand that would'fthxtentl iti.cul tivation inthja.eountry, enhnce prices by which -the 'Planter: woUld . 'Mize a good profit, and, in a few years h, owe as large and important an item in oqrlist'of exports as cotton. ii Were the heavy.duties oiAtturzemoved: . 1 we could . exort .494).yjninglansUlift: V - est n ies• and elsewhere'; . s2o.ooo,ooo I ar niore. .. •, When England ,charges,..a duty of 72 cents per 100 Ibs.•on cotton;.s2 to s4,i per bbl. on our floni, and 3s. on.to.bacco,•we' are taking , from 7 lier, , ,sillts, linens - , worsted staffs . , &c. free'of duty, amounting to more than $20,000,000 a year. Iu our trade with. France, Of our imports, which are more. than double'oni exports, f jp r rool e it:ri e ct , t.:(:)e a fe n e t ; xllp l i nominal more than two-thirds are ..itlinitted duty n :::: .e t: ip et : t P s e b a : t 2 e i c 7;c: a na p irt e n l el :r e . ni t : eP • r a i a o :it se i , ' l na n i t ir ay tt l i e v i e ritio hile n e ' l lo o t I t :i it e ao an ra • AtsdiefihrfETO - of de; tieelo those ,nbove •pciinted,ont,..character,., ize pur whole•eornmercialintereOursewith' . foreign „nations,. ; • . • • - • _friends:of a "reel p. 4 rocative and: retaliative" syStem of duties; will ho met by_ its opponents ,with the ar ument trlPt. duties tai_uPon... the, coat - ruiner to the amount l levied. This,' with n certain class of . statesmen. who can c te st r t theorise---etommatly - upcin — tire. science` ot come e cis o e°;i f lis t e r u ad ss e finance fe e v and e k currency, a b a - without--knowing,''practicallY the origin,. charticter,,or use of a bill of exchange, 'deemed' a conclasive and . unanswerable ar gument . against the expediency of increas ing the present rates of, duty upon artieles of luxury. To adopt it as settled'prinei- ' pie that the consumer pays the duty, is '63 -- erroneous as' it would be to assume that it was paid by the prancer. No general rule can be made to apply; as the fact is contingent upon cirehmstances. If the duty he a mere nominal t on n e, it is . rAid •by the proportionate'''''' Lm.- 1 -1 1 11 Fteg hi Pba r t fl P% sup-- ) • producer must sell at a less price that the falling oil in consumption may be checked - and market kept up for his , prodtict. For example, we cat sell no flour in Cuba un less We produce: it at'.a price and of a qua lity that will enable it to pay a dray there of 10 10 and compete witk-Spanish flour, which pays but $2l-. kfe,w.years since coffee was subject to a duty of 21 cents per lb; the duty was removed, bniihepriee did not decline, and has ruled at a higher price since than before, the producer put ting the. 24. cents in ; ;his pocket, and the consumer -receiving rarbenefit from it.: Let any. one examine the list of our im ports, and he will find that such articles as are the most heavily taxed, halie steadily -declined-inprice, particularly those that we have it in our power to -.produce or manu facture; While such as - are admited duty free have remained stationary,, or have 'ad vanced. 'The article of silk, on .Which there is .no duty, and of which , tve importml-: last ;year over $20,000,000 _worth,. has steadily advanced for' the last ten.years,. An increased duty on pork imported into Canada, which. was lev,ted a few years since by. Great . Britain, Orripelled the far-. mers on. the frontier, whosenest.accessa ble markets were Montreal and Quebec, to produce or sell it at a less price than before 10 compete with Canada and the mother country. • , Many facts may he presented' which prove conclusively that the producer,ln all cases where the duty is an 'exorbitant One, pays a largo "proportion, if not the whole of ft. The consequence that under Our system .of nominal duties and free trade, the producer offlour is made to pay an en ormous tax for 'the. support of the govern ment of Cuba, the grower of tobacco is a tax payer to France, England, 4c., - while the duty here on cigars from theme, and the wines of the other, being m nor,ai nal and insufficient to check consumption - ' is paid by the consumer. 'The tobacco planter, if he is a . cOnsumer. of wine, is taxed for the support not only for his own goverement,liut also for ,that, Of France, terrtimeS as heavily as for , his own. -Why thissliOuld be-the case, I can . re see no good reason, and it is time a remedy we i lam• Ji . . .• - RECIPROCITY- OF 'TRADE. `,•• This . subjeetliss• not been:, talteri, up and ditictissed by the Priss'so generally as its irrillorticnce seems:to, demand. • l'he.time i I is sliortiere_ Arriftfess-lifeetsyrifti.dit-is-desi table that public , opinion • should • be fully l ,expressed. .> A duty upon Silks -and - Wines was objected to l a stsessionby'eertaimmetn• hers. Of Congrees,.because, said•they; :", if we refuse to take. these articles•froaa France, She'.w.illpot buy our Cotton'arid Tobaccot" iirotherwordscif-Lwe-do. not-buy-two 41-.1 :lara: worth of_ her lifin9(•'' France :will , Pot! buy one : dollars worth. of• cotton from 'us.' This is :a singular, kind of reasoning. ‘: ..Sup., pose a: planter were, to cometo Mobile,willt .his •crap of,,eotton,. worth „SUMO, .4nil 'pp Po'rter eduabirlandCounty, Pa. . offering'. it for sale, he: ehould..beitold that no'.purehaser could. be -found, unless •he mould agree to purchase $BOOO . worjh of merchandise, would he nek.laugh.,lo: the fabe , of'his informant?' As before stated, we take more than twice as muckfroM France as she takes from us, and.pay her three tithes as much duty On'otir.preducti, as!hers paY,at'our ports, and jtis .perfectly ridiculous, , :c4/disit, to.suppose.that a duty of 20 per cent., or.,even.oo,. on her pro ducts, would a iuduce , her_lb do without our cotton, an article she mitst liave - and can-. not prodbce herself, - If 'ett adtrtionalduty , on these artieles. should ,bave t e effect to lessen consumption , so much he better; we should. be so mucli the richer for it,..in hatitiMuLithintetxlesv4.4tud4ertainly , lnme. temperate. - , .a humiliating- acknowledgment of vassalage to aforeign power, to manifest an apprehension, that On increase of duty by our government on its products_. would in duce.,ber to do without miffs. • Fortunately we are not dependant .entirely on France fora market,. siutuld she be 'disposed to punish us for daring to, regulate our own commercial affairs. _ In my last - I stated that could the exor bitant doles levied by. he several:potters' qi n t, f . 4. ‘Evigouliair.:oc.:pex'se-9a,to:l•4ppiotii:l::Ciliti:r,:tioi:bies,a important z b .r.. t4 e auni r ,ti e ea m ent ; i v : e i d ma , l, bp n o t r : iu . i 7 e.. : : : 6 l anti ni,..valnelfliere at $9O per Itlnt.,leinotintin to $6,6q0,000; : i ( :- 6 , f 9 91 0 11.1. 0 e -e i x i ; s r r .1 : p s1 S: r n a r s-c t °1 i t i td s. n ;t . i . e .T ie ll ;: a .n eli,' the duty which•itp - ays iit.foryizii-Oorts a 7 ' Z . .) - I i i: 1 1 , 1:: - . s . : . 1 ":11e• United meld to taitieTt :. ) 7 1 ( s t i v l r e l ' e9 r- , 1 1 bacco- as - 0 reut .B B Fi t tain, : with - less then - half same eXtert al tEhrraoliliCgehoninitil' E - u l r ' o ni p q e ---f o nlii-ogethe i t e r. -- Its uan the.,pepulationAmil - more than England, lin,the Voited States, with the improvement "hriiriee - Whier_WrnilireV - fr iiiiily - fillow an increased demand, -would soon swell the value of . our export 'of , this 'article to 50, 7 - pound., o f u d n i s i i t , y ; I t: e p o c n o - n c s o u n t 'i n i p u consumption England 1 1 o:i 7 , — 67 : 000,060, and in less than 10 yearsto-$lOO,- duty on tobacco to ,England was Is" 1100,_Irt_proof of_the_itilleence of the rate 0 11 00 17 1 9 b:; t1 i l l e i a3r t i l ,so i ee e adjr ( B l t i .o : , t t y sar:l t el v d.: a c s cahon r end e i d co u i oli. c f.ni e laps d ritlliyn t o o lnpl 6 tloi d lon : o l froe n e,i d ,....l per.' increased, until in iix e t i vol l G :d ac e 9 6sr lTt 3 e,ci i no t c 4 e e or ri ,e l o : o " . p s o u u d i d i d e s t i lY 000 pounds. - .In 1795 in at 1 1 9 1 8 7 - 9 4 6 w t a h s e .a d g t a it i ir n re duced ,to 4,800,000 pounds From 1800 lorenifin i iirron-wzr-s-vurax..„--_-_..........__ _ heads. In 1785, under a moderate rate of duty, France took from us 35,000 hogs heads.--' Under her existing system of mo nopoly and high duty;-she takes-but 000.0. hogsheads. While France . has been heap ing onerous restrictions- upon . our com merce, we, in our excessive libed4lity, Un der the influence of free trade-notiOns, have. been i remotring. - ;the non inal -duty that -for-_ hierly 'existed on her Silks, "Wines, Bran dies, •&c., which .enables her to sell us 48 millions of dollars per annum of these lux uries, for which she condescends to buy $1i.2..000,000-per annum of Our cotton, &c. if we will consent to poy 5 per cent. more duty than other nations pay : • ; ' - The grolVer'of cotton- mity - say;he - has no interest in forcing a market for the pro ducts'of the farmer of the West, or tobacco planter of Virginia, so long ashe- finds one for his owii. ample. Such a conclusion 'would only result from a very superficial attireante:lrked view of the subject.. ' . In additioci 0. - the interest which every dnierican citizen should feel in the general prosperity and increased ;wealth of - his country., which is proinoted by large ex ports of its products,--the Cotton Planter has a - direct individual interest not only in i facilitating and end. uraging, a large produc- i tion and exportatiot of Tobacco,, Rice, Su gar, and Molasse . but ,also in firmly es 7 tablishing as aicrinciple of our government; in its commercial regulations, • a system a i l countervaling duties. The very moment 1 England .finds - she . can - obtain a- supply of Cotton from her East India possessions, that moment she Will place a duty upon ours stifficient to exclude it, from her ports, or compel the planter to produce it.at di price. as much below its present value, as will meet the duty levied, making- time producer the payer of the tax; and if the experiment she is now making in theoulture of, cotton in India shottld succeed, of which, there is every prospect, that ,day is not finis !ant. .If, however, our government should adopt a course•of ,policy. by which foreign' nations may be' made to feel, that to retain - us as:',,a market, they molt open their ports -to-our prodUcts en' terms,of fair and hono rableireeiprocity; they .wid. do soar us they kitcdul , we Are their'best customer.' It, ia...0 fitir and legitimate' preposition - for a grocer to say to" - . a dry goods' merchant, '.. r boy your sugar from me or I. cannot buy your sillcs,'-' - and 'it is equally -Ear-between-pa fiedrs, and ono to which they can take no exceptionti.- :Another , benefit which , the. -cotton--,--priadueer,_in._.:cordimpri_wi t h..eyery . Oherinterest,, is to derive from increased exports is, it leads to a more. equal and bet ter division/of the„ physical force of , 'the in. itsiipplioatiOn. ~ Open ,a Market a co o r ti ni qu ry r. labor of Tennessee, North 'Carolina, the tobaccoi-and - o portion, of. the. slave northern:T.9olo, o,9(o_esirgiaE.AilkaetlN MO^ , ,siseippi.attil..Arkansae,::,now employed' in the culture of cotton, ,would bo applied, to iie productionaledi.prefitable employment given•to the„slrivee,of•..Virginia,,lgarylentl. and'itentuOky enlioncingthe value of slave wim 2=iii • ,:y• „ labor throughouttlie - south...Operst mar ket:for Our sugar and inol 'asses, or loc • . rease its consumption-at home by excluding for eign sugars, - , • andAhat pertion of otl r cotton lands .soutti-or ?22 - 41egreea of latitude may. be usedlit their oillture' Place a-sluty on Foreign Silks and Wines, half emial.to the duty paid on our products at.`theports of France and England, and in lesiii than 20 years there is scarcely ri - - plantation in the cotton 'growing states, of - any., magnitude,' that will.nOt .have a Silk nursery or Vine..- yard attached to if, as. One of its • chief . . RECIPROCITY OP TRADE,' sources of . profit.„: Every Planter knoivii . No. lII.' • - '' ' • that the lees eotton , he makes the more "no- - • • hey, he gets for it—reduce .the supply and In mylormer number:3'J have endeavor:- ' !r.iceoadvancitat ig onee ti , as a rivr ge t - neral p rule._L'ed to point, out tiid heavy barthenn nniLrei•-. •' It s te...tie :4 Ihisri Moe to Vie 13THFIOn8liaiiiiied on - olr - eoTriinerce, in the ' , .cotton plantei that profitable channels. of, shape-ti pf..du4o l, :!vieki by i' (in many instanCes. eniployment, - , - other - than the.. One single' ani p .i on tier productions, oti.er'_natirinii;- ~ „ oun teg. to - a prohibition)` our-prosperity the e at , 8 1,.;, staple presents, should lie opened to him, . of ali o d u n r a p i r io es t .. that when prices , go to , a point- below theconsequences to ourpros cost of production,:he - may turn his atten-lal wealth, from a continuance tion to something else; and • that he be not t 'ent;sysietn of nominal duties, so long as no • ' necessitated to-rely upon a • single 'prod . nc.,.l reciprocity is. observed by. such nations as n), inln t l i i ) ti p es with. ' . • ' .••• tion as his otily sinurce of income. ° ° • a r d o o v p e ti t o h n at o , r ye a l , l s a y v s e:: . ... . There -is „no one class -in the' country ~ " I • I exchangeire whoie interests Would_he more directly Iho 'resource left bet the; 'promoted ,bythe -- :adoption, of a reciprocal em I t ' 1 of countervailing duties, equivalent ' and retaliative system or.duties 'than the • -;,,, thosel, d- upon ,our productions- by , . •• ~p tee - , ments ; that .so • Inn,e. as • . otton- planter of the'South. n . ' I other Go'vern 'fn show that the measures herOsuggest- refuse to retnt , liaie"; 'the , b-aia ..ll o - of t r - a 4 e -i v lv irt ' 6 4 as.e!ncare' ,of relieving -oo.i..,:sainniereql.aant- lire - - . from the eirotrririffs'biffitiefiF-iliVOied:-Viinic 'p.i.-d-11-an., (.1 1 4 . IV'. Pe, pml: on's , alreatlyheay4 ;,- L * it by foreign powers; - are not toiwZor-novel; ' , , e, i! r i 1 ,' . 11„; n1 _ e . i.. 1 ,,. ; i 1 . 1 . 41-- i. ;7 3 ` i ,.. -cl a r E 6c :Fi c .c- i "l 'e litil li ai '. e ii ,.o",*" : • ;: : ' -. ;•77. Pgiee the views of; Seyeral of our most dio. : .... lie question then _presents itself= - if:tvei . ' le c r an l Ot a . , ine!et 'the ballunce. againSt us by in-' -tinguislied-state .•- --, - . 10 . -1703, Mr.. Jefferson, whreWas Sec-re= tary of State under-. General Washineton; I' ; cre ased exports, ut one means left; we must pay e . x b ports, how is it to be liquidatedt • • it - Mile-a repart,to• Congress_ on the subject:. In ' i g„.p.C__elltl4l. l .r_er• - • 's -. • of the then -exisfing-restriction'On - otir eorit=l t l i El t iis bridge ire to • the 'consideration or - 'tierce by foreigo . nations. in which he saya:;* :.pose _ra Deli_ of;:rnysubject, on-Which - I-pro. , " to treat iti this - 'corn-. ..° "-Such .being.-the the corn - - l i fi nu s i n more. particularly inerce and navigation:of lite Uniteil States; - tiy_e tteation, d viz: the effect of a "reeiprocan , . ' zni),rep it t,itie4....,Sy-SiOni-occlirties-upinr-1------ the questimi .ig. in what Way thekniiiy best ' 1 . be removed;iiiodified,'-or counteracted ? - -t le currency. - I - "As to commerce, two Methods Occur . : • It is pot- necessary' to -my pres - ent• put , • (first, by friendly arrangernent- Wide' Abe se-. pose, to give detailed • vent nations .with - whom these restrictions I character''de explanation of they existi-Or,-secrind, by dia.:separate act-of-our .. to..sa -an . uses of currency; 'suffice it that - every civilized rip ,LegislaturS for countervailing their effects.: somethingYtint-I-requires' . '' '!'here can-be.no doubt of these - twe friend- ' of. ,as. a circulating representative . - Iyarrangements as the Most eligible," &c. • ard p o r r operty . , which posSeses a fixed stand- . • value, and in this country as in every' ' • , And after arguing the benefits. of naviga- ' 'miter, Gold ancl_Silver constitute the cur- • tion and commerce reciprocally' free with l• , reney itself, or, is the basis of all all 'lancets, he says : - a currency, . j Whatevec , passesfrom one to another as the ' ." But should any nation, contrary to our representative ii of property, whether it be Wishes, suppose it may better find its ad-. vaptage by continuing its system of pro- 'yallNl) Notes, Bills of Exchange, or Treats otesi may be said to constitute curreno hibitions duties and regulations; it behoves ' 1.- cy, as they. are based Open goldandsilvery - us jo.pyritect our citizens, their commerce and asseine to-represent tt.: - - - -- . are illeT•lirelll6 pradiree-acieratesroir-ye- ~,,,,,,,,, • • i l .r.!" ...._ ___—___....._ , .• . . -..... them." "- • , 1 its so - extended, a very great ratio is requir- In - another part of the eamo.report, he ed; and it .is important to the stability of ' r sa_ys :—. •,. _. • , • . I prices, that-die amount be-kept steady,-- ' The Collo - wing principles - 'being found= increasing in„ proportion to our increase ot --- ed in recierecity, appear perfectly just,•and . ' trail ' i s Otninere. ' • to no cause of complaint to any nation. I tg°, what the fact that the pre . - _”-First, wlien a nation imposes high du- cio ~als are the basis of all currency __ ties on ouy ,productions, or proldbits dieni :in tin -country, Mir policy should by such , altogether, it will be • proper for : us to dol- - li„ceunferact a sudden drain, for ths - a - VP - = ,- .... the same - by theirs," &c: - ' ', , •-• ' of balances at-cumulating against uir _ • Prior to this, in 1785, Mr. Jefferson -,. ; ~as a panic Will surely follow a dim- - ., rented a remonstrance to the French : t. '. ~ nof the. quantity actually required • vernment - on this subject, in•Wltich he sailt= .•-; •, • .-eusiheis purposes; and. great ttepres- • that the Government of the United States sion -in the prices -of property, and general would be compelled to resort to counter- . distress throughout the land result: Sup -yailing--dutiesif- the-French--Government---pose.-the-foreign_debt_which we now etvie did not modify the burden, It is proper 0fT240,000,000 were, to mature within the . here to modify this threat had the de- next three years, and paytitent7lderapuded, . sired effect; the burden was in part remov- - What would be our situation? . If ; as an • ed for-a time, but stlbsequently imposed , honest debtor, we should. pay:so far as we again, in a' more onerous and objectionable have the wherewith, by the - time -- I=3r - of -- shape, and now exists. - i the debt -tens liquidated, every dollar of - aur - t Our present able and distinguished, e- Gold and Silver (which, is -estimated at presentative to the goverinnent of France, 80,000,000),would.be ° taken_ from. us, we i General Cass,-,made persevering of to" shoidd bit , bankrupt, and wholly destituti . induce that government. io retnove the re=. opt rurreney.. Fertimatelyfor us we have striae by it Ilium our coitimerce, from five, to forty-rears to pay' this debt in; but withoet sitecess,,r,Some 18, !unrolls the interest, however, which amounts to since, lic i aildre,esed a communication to the.. about' $12,000,000 must be' paid annually ; • ' Secretary ef Slate on the subject, in Which . and a pay dayfor the. principal Will UN- be seems to despair of success by negocia• I , nudely arrive, and it :behooves. our states-" ,tion, and recommends as a necessary Inca- men to keep it in view, and so legislate is 'sure, retalalive duties, as will - be seen b,y ' tion to pl to mee e t it. ace th countNory w is this cours to ee o bl pr ace ep om- are- - the annexed extract :I. "; I have nothing now toadd, but that die . pushed? - Let its ex:it:line the causes which . matter is beyond the_reach - of ordinary dip- , have led to the creation of this large debt, lomatic discossion,•`and that its' solution 'and hY:removing Mein, and the pursuance . A most depend rie-the measures which the lof a reeerse policy hereafter, We may Executive and which. Congress may sae' : prof and honorably pay it, and place proper to adopt. : As - long as France, iii - ourselves beyond , the reach and indepen carrying out the restrictive systenishe;has .; dent of 'tile aristocratic, avaricious capital- • a dopted, can export to the U,Stales, twice i late of Europe, and assume that vornmer aS much as she imports front there, with-lei:II ascendency, which by our-present poli- : out any fear of change of measures on .our • cy,ii:we accord end yield to other nations. part, so long as the present state cif things,' Our excessive imports above exports for will -continue, exhibiting into of the niest. I -years past, creating a yearly balance_ of • striking examples - of inequality in the trade( trade against es,; which iustead of being between two nations, yvhich is to be found paid by shipments of specie, have been in the history of modern commerce." met by the .sales; of 'State and other stocks. Mr. Tyler, no w . President Of the 'United and other, securities; thus instead of liqui- States, in his reply to interragatoriee pro-, dating it we have merely extended it tO afu - fu= pounded to bitirtly.wcommittee of El entice: titre day, substituting credit for specie; henee . . .. . . • . .. cariity,. Virgipia, on the - putiyeet of duties, we have - been•enabled to retain in the - mail, - says , • , a fair supply of specie, particularly ;up to The power to lay du ties . is 'given by i the year 1837. liad:specie been - demaw - the : nenstitntiOn iet express terms, ' The ed for dies balances, our supply would , . right to select. •theartielere'of imPert on have been e hausted, and.thetpanic of.-1837 , I \ which ;to, levy the cluffEr,isunqiiestionatile. and its con equencci would have_ occurred,. Every dutylimpOsed oppr,t4klvpie Canto as. at an :earlierldity, though the shock would a bounty .pn die pritllnetiiiif'd.rth-6 tra-ke-.:m,F. -firitTilitY:olieen-7so•-7vhdenc-ald--•7diWitihtir;--- '.- ,-- . ticle-at home, and; it has. beep tonsidered_o To placeOtirselves in a situation tapayour • wiso pelicy . on the part Of all lithninietra- detits;;,to ;enable .us • to , :retain a supply Ur dons so tottnpose the duties as to.advenee •specie atfetinatettr.'orir wants ler- curreney the Production et.stich articles as were 01. -purpeses,to.,,ayoid rev,pleps..itt. trade, to national importance. ',. 1 certainly rlo,.net prevent fluettatipos.in titc-ft wea l rif.prap-, doubt the policy. er ,exriedienci.of such a „erty, to give prosperity rted..Wealth: to .our Coiiiiii:7Tlisi-Artitiei;;llo/00.031i601 :be 7wholecountry;:iriTfaceto-realte'.Uiljl,OPY laid with refereuca to . rev.enue,. e - Xcept.tv hen a "free sod Intlepentlentniideni,;We mtt# they: .art: laa tO-•c•ounieract=the policy, of a resort; fefsuch measaitysas,Willitioreaite iilll - ' foreigrt.gOvOqmOii,.,itio' with ,u view, ,To exporte.and 'diminish - our portS • lo• snob ' the, reghlatiOn'ot triele.".. - : : , ~.,, . on s.g.tpnt note bring. tlnilltalitilOst ,of *di lIM MEM laDaNY7' Can't 114,185 29 43(i-ignisa '6th TbaSe4Tto knoii Mr.'Tylei will not fr q r . . a moment donbt, tliat at an early day' as Kesident of the. United States, he will call the attention of Congress to this bubject, and recommend a conrse•of Tolley in nog cordance with his opinions as above ex- : ressed. • In my next I propose to consider the ef , feet of a " reciprocative and retaliative" System. of dillies upon ..the currency' and financial affairs of our,country. `_.`~- ~. ESEM MI
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