.' ---, ii : .- '' - -1: .- -' ' -Iill lrefet • 011t.iilim er II .. A D.pC7L.OIIti9TION..'.• . . --. . . SErisiiii,klo, 1840. .'•• .. '...,. • ... 1Y.116h , iiiiii 'Fk . iuti . 6 . Mtn .tlycir ordinar y.. 6 PCIIP- 1 1-4°00 ;011 'lgt-sgkr°l.o.:,li: 'ire:it:C.oflit-. toi ; d:PrOlieicAgipeek;fi*:theiut, l 4. l rieikt -, 0 1 t • p t •cintictiy."4l3.ll-of.tli:OAre,ieelitiretl - ` 4l !fif * ..lAty. : •ishou;d :eleily . :s . er filit'fr'glin:..iriqe eitillee r *lrlCli - XliiltFiiiit!il 7theitillikokfter; aid.' aie iiur fuii Cs which th ey . soak, to _Oro: • • ... .. , . . . . , 1- tetiti,g' the - forge-of this obligation,•moitt' ' than .fifty thousand of _the' free electors •of . thecNiiite.gngland Statesclionored':also_hy the n sOrelence of, like.. free electors; nearlY*:" overy other state ; ; in 14. - .Union,- 'having assembled ort_Hynke?. 4 .Hill, --- n,C this •' - - -day o 104 i f September , - -,113-10; protect!, fo ~, . - . set•forth iilleclariaion of their;principles, •,* and of • thi."-ocoagion and objects 4 . tbeiri . i 'otpeting. : : ••••,: •.: . - -.-,•.• •. *.'•: ,• . 'l - n 31Hr:first - pined, - we: de elave• our anal-, • ' terahle 41thehnicnt to. that public'. liberty, 2 . - tholturchnse -, of so mimic blood and .trea • *curet in the • acquisitiOtf of :Which the-field Wli - COoti: we. stand -obtained caely and - im- . peiiiliable ere Cow n„ "*,- .11unker.4411 . Jy - not a ' spot:Onywhielt we S.hatle'rgeNbe• princi-1 • i ___"..14.6X 0 _ pr, , fathers, Or. - u ffer . :myth ing . .*:to ._. • ,queite *iihin:ottroWn bosoinsdhe love Pt 1 6 • -fre4Oritw.•hichi_Ave hive 'inherited . froin theauf_.•••• ••. . . -•-• • In lhe. - item' place, we declare our warm . aid' fleditY devotion to the constitution of. -, • •the,country, and to that union of:the states - . ,ivhich it; has so 'happily cemented, and so .• _ long' and so prosperously preserved. We call, ourselves by- •no local names; We TB - . co g niz e . ?: h .geographical division, while we *,iglifo.:titterance to'. our . lientitrients on 17.71iikv.;.c., - iiiiiii - oi op:al 4n A.Alcil Weal - • snitjce, t 5.... * -:- - *Weitte . :AriterlisarliCifizens of the United States-•,44tOwinr no -other cptintry; and. de ' , sirinr.to , l*--distingnisheillty;n6-- . 9dier:.cp= liallatict47',,,We..liglietre - .the constitution, White itd - iifinistered- 'wisely.. mid, in its pre, .pervidrit, •to- - --be-, capable of prdtecting.all , partti.orthercourn(ry; securing all interests - , , •• ~ . 'and 'ilerpetuating ' r .;national.: brotherhood ' .among. all the states:, . We-believe that. to . • fomenfloeal jealousies, twattempt to prone . the exiatenceloroppasiteinterests between -•••••7,otip,patto - r, the • country - and - .'aitothir • • - thus td Ilisaeminato Teelings•of din' --- alienation,-while - it is in clout-amp •.- regardTof thecuniels of the grew his eidtlitry, •i*s . butlone" form in W... ' _ - gulag *ninbitioti;'destitute.of all 'true '0:001, ism,_ and .a love' of. power, "reckless of to 1 - means Of its gratifieetlon,:sliibitqfieliini - 1 eubilged,,at d , burPiniedesirc...- - • We belieieitop, -- that pmt,.P7tow= ----, -over. natural-Or::tinfaVnrab . it' '.nuty be,-in • - free . feriublics, yet. wlwit itToiiie-s-Liel-ti . ascendancy in metminds,asleatls theut ,• - to subitiltittp!fiii ' , fine einictrirf, , to.- - seek CO . -- ends Y4o';ii9r -ends;ino,6oprobaiiirri Nit . party *tiirpscbation,•an - d• to fear-tie:reiiroaelk --or- eovithely,.se .ibet • there be :69. pntty . - : disS thraetion, not only allow's, true enjoy /le tit .of . such instittitioa,' but weakens, everyday, the foundations on which they • • s tand: . : . *- -• * . . • - • Welice In favor of the of specoli • liberty . . . . aiscusston ; me espouse the cause of pop-. ----- ular editeation•-:-wa.blrlie . teltifm . ati‘ s.capas.. -- eityliiiTielfigernment; we desire to see. ________theMetit„and_ividest_diSseminatlon_of. __ linoirledge; a'nd of -truth ;_and we believe, - especially:, in the benign inquence of - reli 7 . gious feeliNg,- . aed moral instthatkiin, - on the •• social as well- as on the individaal„ imppi itess'of man. . . -'- ~ '" . -• ' . ~. Iroftlifig these ' , genera) semi la en ts • and opinions, we- :have 'coine_ tiigether. to l de,-. clare, , th‘lit'uler'the present administration t , of the GeAral'iGovernment, a course of" • measures has.been:adoptedand pursued, in our judgments, disastrous to_ the . best in terests of the Country, threatening the ae • cumulation. or'still- greater evils; utterly' hostile to the true spirit Ofihearalituden ----and- to-thejOrteiplea,af-.eivil-INlerty,?nd calling upon'ill . men, er• hottest_purpose,_, disinterested patriotism,. and. unbiassed in ' telligence, to , put :turd) :their nimost con, stitu tion aleffortein, order . toeireett 'clrahge; - . General' 'Andrew „Jackson, Was elected President of the:United Statety and took , the oaths, and his seat ion the 4th of March, ' . 1829; and we readily:admit, that'under hii - - administration,-cititain-portions.oc-thepub -_. lie But we • But we hare .1.6 lament- that he p Was not I proof, against - the "insinuations and infitt; ence - of evil - aintinlellors.,:or perhaps against his ownt - passions,_whetr,mored:and_ex, -cited. , Hence, in one most 'important ,liranch of - -the.. public interest„ in that_ es . gentle' part , of corn thercial reg !defied which ._. „respects the reopeyolfe curreneyottly cir -- culation, .artittWinterttal - _exchanges:of the •country, accidental - iiecurrenceic acting -On his characteristic leve . Of ride and uneasi `ness under , opposition, led him to depart from . all that was expected_ from him, pod -- - to-enter -lips° measures whielt - pltinged bath ' liiin and the . ,eountry . in,.greater and greater' ' . difficulties at"evary "step . , .so• that, in'this I 'respect, his jahole courseof aihnittistrationl • was but a striesOr_ilf,timed eXperimenis, , and of pro j ect s,Tranicil,indisregaril of pro- 1 `dance and precedent, and..burtning in'rapid &accession; the.„finali_iplosion,taking place ... ' .a. fen; morthitikel..his-retirstnent (rpm . of __,.. ~._fice... ._ ..-- ~,.. -.:.. ' ' • . • . General Atckson Was not. eleited.with ~ VW , -desire, in expectation on the part of ----2-..his-itaPportewthat-herwould-interfere-with the' currency-61'111e .coinntri. , We affirm this as the truth-ol . history. it,is•ineapa- Ale orrefulaiimi oritenial. • his as cittlin ;,. -as that the 'American revolution was,'not -tindertaltowto dieirdy the Tights. of propo , - : ty s , oroyerthroti'lhe.•ohligation of, mor.ale. %, . u un appt v t ebecame ` involved'=nr ~ ,h. s eontroveraftejthffie .then 'existing Bank ..' L e United taa;"'qjii_intinifeeted a de. ;:how . origi trig iii by . whoin inapirerl - 4 ttttiMal,tto* iiireittele:s l l#o "efia:._' 11; " , r., t ,''' 'Oieiniejo l o 4 lllsikedle.Caue:. that . '' 3",§ - iiiiii r to . ,:evettiievitil!turn, - ki , politickl lAntr neiii..aneerthe . :::eantninnity.'',-- Public. Ida: ,tranttitil prove '' ` this; ,as - , plainly as they; ael . ,:iniv:Cithiii,e - §t. of , hie •adini histnitiiin a . '11,' ,- ' eilrelnf ir iat.' ar rt„'ffisiartid '.....,4l4l)lY de Atl.;:Yltut *bat -he...could: -1 440 1 1k.heiettiljnYeed fie' eettlti'dvittrOy . ; 014y0, Vilip*Mlo , : . _ OW igi.t iiterate itNit -, , - .lip,<tivei. He pin -I,_ ,440,31,.:w0 . fii- , thiec:Affagi, and achieved fv - ,m,.. , . --- , , ,,, -, . ,--1,- ', -, : - ..;i -1- ( - ';.'),;o:i'e: . . --.; -, • rf:44,,,K.,;` 3. 3j;ti- t ;, 1 '..-% , 1' . . 0 0 * ...:1;• 3 ! , 17 1 :::;: i .4 ~.. ~. -:-• ' -:"' '*.:;''',..'•-:,- -.-'': ,', 7 ''• ..'—:':--,!::::' ,-..11_?,,i, ' 414 v, .„ ,Y 0.4. i: . =. triumph-..- • - .i'f 'i tt' . . Cif '''. ' h . etif ... ' • '' IA . 4 of die' .a. by the veto of 1832. . ~ 1e,4- .11 an ~.,- te7, I. pug . o , . wriest. n sonndand • Paris of V.iirope. • LeithYrthe same deeps-, cestomed.MMineoformintaiiting uniforin Ourrenry,foi the:Pee:of tint court- sits; or positing the lame principles 'still . irv : ll.;vhir-lieen•theS • tram pled doWn and' ftistlier, and3Vitli, a ; kind . ef. revolutionary - destroyed, receursu..Washad ' us:these. new - rapulity,:we have seen theNitta of proper.: • nodes, of experimentar isdniiiiistration,'ni: ty:not - pnly, asitaited,ibii.Olegned, the i• ,hold-.• vv.11014.W0-hPi'qaireadifttilverietlinitfl: wididt . est . agrarian; notions fpith; tbe..power, iiitit inked so• --thsastroualy,' htith - .for re efstratismissein fritm . father .one to ,0.. Oily rttputaiion. 4 . 14 7 admiiii. , stratinn, antl - tr.. denounted,..the right-of one to partietriate: th e _ u .,.,m,„ . ..0. (he . I ,. euittry. ; . . . - .:. in the etniiings of another; to the .rtleetion,' But .Getieral' Jackson t.1i.1 I not tletiz . :.hil of the;ntatirtil claims ;of his ovi.s. cliildrep, Mitistiteihmai ohtigl:nions„ nor ,seek, to es. : asserted as a fundament PprinciPle of the o capefromtheir, force.' -Ile never prafigi- new Ocinteracy; s ail all . this,. by. those sedly, abitidotred.all'etire .over the' general' who are in-'the . p ,of . Government, re 7 curienev ;. ll6 whole conduct shows that ceiviim largo.salaries; and whea; . offices lie a - itted . .throttgliont, the :duty of the. ben :nearly sineedres, but: for. die .la -gelieral ;government, to . mai Main.. a; RI per- :. bor performed in the. attempt' to ; i•vgt . cur "vkion 'over. theptreency.of the country,. rency to ; thesa.principlei and these opinions. 'ln;th metallic.- and paper, - for the - general- We believe that the, general tone ef the good. midi's° of -the . people; that. he' cop- ; ; measures of the, Administration, die Juan-1 - gratulated.:bo'di himself . and the nation, that ; net in which it•confere-favora, its apparent , by the measures- adopted by him; the Mir- preference for -partizans 'Of . extreme opin- ! rency andexChanges of ,the country were ; ions, and the 'readiness with Which it be , placed - an-a. better footing i . than 'they ever , stows . ts- confidence on the boldest; and . had been tinder, the operation of a Bank :of ~most violent, are-producing serious injuries, thit UnitedStates._ ~ This confidence in his upon the political morals and' general- sen own experithenti,..we .'knovi; proved most ,limentsOf the Country. - ' Webelieve •that , illusory. But. the &Mit:lenity with Which Ito this. cause - is to be fairly attributed, the , he 'repeated this '4 and- tiiinilar. , declarationS, k most Idtpetitable ' change which has taken ; establisins,. l'"Olinteitibly . , Id it a -..nw sense J ` place ilk:the:temper, the. sobriety, and 'the . , of the. duty :of government." ',- • .' - wisdom, with; %flitch - the high public Conn- I .;__ln.ollithelneasures of General Jackson.. SSW. have been hitherto . ' conducted. IV -upon the eurreney; the present chief Diaz.; ' l •l6ol;TiVitlf - alnrm - te -- the - existing -- shiteof - i istrate ; is' known to have concurred. 'Like ithing's; in thitirespeet; end we wtf / gild Moat • him, lie Was opposed to the -Bank of the ; eartiestly,..and. with all our 'he t's, as well , United Statea ;, liko him, he, was in favor ~fotethe honor of the countr .s for its in- - of the state deposits bank 4; and like •Itiiii;lterests, beseech all goo I d ten to unite with he insisted that _by .the aid of such banks; [us in an. attempt to.byi g backflie delib,era7, the: administration - :hadv-accoinplislied . all i theage -fir the Gpvernment, to restore to IliaCcould be desired, on,the great subjects' the collected - oldies . of,..the„ people's_ He m ' of the currency and the - eicliange. • 1 presentativ .. that Self-respect, decorum and'' .----- -itu.t-the-catastroplie. , of-AI ayT,- -1837,- 7 -protligititn-ithcm=Whieft:the business: -of I-:-! (l „ , ticetl: : sE new,, crisis, k) . 3r _ overthrowing,: the gists 16n can mak#no regular progiess, , :and : last in a series of experiments, find creating i :. ways jp . danger either of accomplishing an absolute necessity, either of - reitirnink nothing; or-of- reaching its . --ends -by-enjus- ;i to that: pulley , of-the governm ent. which linable and violent means. . ,-•- Gen. Jackson had_ repudiated, or of roniounc- -Ws believe fhe conditet orthry - a - duinis - - - , ing altogether die Constitutional linty-which nation respecting the public revenue to be it had been the object of thititAnilicy toper-- highly reprehensible. '• It. ; has - expended form.-1-2l'lle-litter- Mane!). yr the-alternative] twenty pillions, 'previously. accumulatecr,..' was adopted, ~ I tellige‘ vas sought in es- besides all the accruing income; sinee It I c, / cape. • A duty, apt that moniont admitted • came into poWer; and there seems at this: y--Ml, ;tins stitycn_ ly'..d'enied,.and the fear- moment - .to .be no, doubt, 'but :that it - will 1 tity resaliiiimitibiniceil that - geVermiient leavebto its: successors a public - debt of from' ;Mould lie after prtivide .forits-,own . reven- five to ten .-millions of dolhirs.. - k has ' ' itrthaftin - the - restoliti - perrple Pest - shrunkl-from-its- proper--responsibili ties:— 'i, ire of ' theinselves.: .-- 7 . : 'With thertnimedlate 'prospect of an empty, I • s nibled : here, to-ds,y, and feeling in Weasury,sit has . yet not . had manliness An' II; with ---- the whole, country ; the evil 'mood:mend' to Congress .an adequate. pro- fences of these priticiplei and these vision,- It has constantly spoken of the ‘s, we, utter against them 'all,.from exeess of receipts .titer expenditures; .until \ Aril at, our deep and solenin * disappro- this-excess-has finallypanifested itself in n - I and . remonstrance. We Pondenie on-absolute tiecessitv , for • loans, and in a .arty departure - ef Gen;• -- Jackson ---- from" 'power:Conferred on the PreSident;-aliogellij Ape of policy. which he viaseXpecteil et nevi, and'in-chir , judgmentliestile-to-the pursn.... We deplore the temper which whole spirit of the-constitution, to meet the' ,ed • him to his original ,quarrel -. .. - with ---- the - - evenfof - watitilf - rettotireachy Withholding, Bank... • :We 'deplore the headstrong' spirit out of certainclasses of appropriations made .it inch instigated Ititii to pursue • that livid- - by Congress; such as lie chooses - . to think. union to its destruction. 'We deplore the may be best shared. It lives by' shifts' and timidity of somc . ,.tlfe'acquieseencc,of. nth- contrivances, by shallow_ artifices and de ers, and the subserviency of all his .party,- lusive. means, by- what, it calls 'facilities,' which enabled him to , carry its , whole, tin- and tha exchange of treasury niiteshfor ?pc broken.phalimtc.to the supportp(measures, cis; while in• truth it has been Nat contract- And tlietteeentelishinint.tg,Lntmonus...wshb , J; fansitite - cv tth`oilt • daring to Tay 'the plain the 'remonstrances and s tk. consciences of and . nakcd' truth of the case before.,thc pod irm-a-mm mcoEthemo - trirespeisablt,r - and_ i urelliz pie": - ---------- "• --------- v -- "7 - gent. IVe s deplere -his -abandonment:-of -- We protest against the- conduct of the oteasures-Cani.live-heettimistieitl-for-forty-Aktiseof-Represeattitives.:_-in-the...ease--of years; Ifis_rash, experiments With great in- the New Jersey - election. This is not a terests ; 't.and • the, per.severance .with Which local; biltaTgeneral question. 'ln the union ihe persisted in r ilieni,..when men of different of the States, on whatever link, the .blow Of •temperament moat - have been :satiefied of injustice or usurpation falls; it is felt, and' their us_le - ssness and impotence. ' .... .ought to be felt ; through' the whole -chain. : But Gen. Jackion's administration, au- The causeof New Jersey is the cause of :thority mid ..influence,. are_now historical. every _State,. and -.everyStateia„therefore . Theyrbelotig - to past, while we have to bound to vindicate it... .' ; . 'do to-Jay with time serious evils, and the That the regular commission, or -certifi still more alarming portents of the present.: eate of return,_signed_by_the chief magia, -We. remonstrate; therefore, most-earnestly , trate of the State, according to -the_ pro and emphatically, against the policy -upon visions of law, entitles those who' produce this•snbjeet of tile present--administration.- it to . be . sworn" in as members of Congress, We protest against the truth of its prinel:' 'to ,votegn the organization of the House, Ades .. .- . .. , .V. - e-detty-thopropriety-and-justlce- -and to:hold - their seat 4 until their right he „lelliteLitickaitreS.,l_37VALare:constrpined to disturbed.fir.regular petition_and-proof;hs • have too - little respect-for its objects; and a proposition of constitutional law, of such we desire' 'to arouse the country, so far, as universal extent, and universal acknowledge 1 - we can, ttilhe:evils which Oppress and the- ment; -- thafit - cannot tiestrengilmlia - rby ni.; - , dangers that surround us. • - - • gument or by analogy.. There is nothing • --- : We insist; _ that the present-adMinistra; - , clearer.- and .-nothing..better -settled.-' - : No tit nbas consult . ed..its• own .party ends, and i legislative, body could :ever be' org . anized, the •preservation of.. its own power, to the) without the. adoption -of - - - 4his- - -Principlorl - manifest - neglect - of :greet PbjeCtii_ of publiC : Yet, in the case of ,the New. Jersey mem intereat: -- II eAliiirk - there - is - no -- liberality', Hers, - it was . - entirely . ditregariled:7Atidli stio political comprehension, no just p,ottey,,, is of awful portent that On 'such a queition; in its leading measures. ffe_looh upon its 1 41,qiiestion.in its nature strictly judiCai; the I - abandonment-of the currency as fatal; - - and-, doinination 7 of- party - should lead - Men - thus we regardite-systmo of sub-treasuries. as . flagrantly to violate first principles. 'lTiTis. but a poor device, to aiitlid a high oblige-: the first step that . costa. After this 'open; tion,: , or as the..firit•in a tie W -series Ofruth-. disregard Of.: elementary rules of law and less eiperiments: We belieye its rtrofes- 'justice, it should create no' surprise, that linens in favor Pf•a ; hard - money curVency to. pending the'abors_of a committee especial he---insincerei-hecause_we-do_oot believe , ly,appuinted to ascertain who., were. duly that • any person of 'common.-informs n4elected '.,: - a . set T'of -.-- memr - calliny - the - millielVei and ordinary Understanding, can suppose Repreaeut - attves of - lbw : people - or N ---- ew --je-i -1 . . . __ thirthe • -use of . paper,,,afta• circulating me- , say; Who had 'no certificatea.from the elder ilium, :will' . be discontinued; even-.if such magistrate of the State; or according to the ditteontlouance were 'desirable, uffitas the ;laws of the State, were voted 'into their I : GOvernMent shall breakdown the acknow- 'Oats, under silence imposed by the previ-• I hedged authority ., of the. state - tiovernmente l ona question, and afterward gave:their votes. rto estebtlish banks. We believe •. for the pantage of the .866-I'reasury . law.. i against Slate .benks, state - bonds; and state4_,W6 , eilLynott solemnly : upon : t.. llWho„-with ercilite, .tri have . been. ra a ised by the. friend : a ' tis, believe that:these 'proceedings alikein.- of the Administration : to divert piddle . at- :ado thei.righte of the States and dishonor t e - niiiii t c r i n • its own mitunanagerneia, ant the cause of popular government and 'free to, throw on others the - consequence•of - its - 'institutiOna; to supply an efficiept.and-de own-miscondwiel-friFiiifithiliir----Or-_cisive. remedy, bythe unsparing appl" - all. this in• the early part -of :den. Jackson's lof the - ileetivrfranchise. -.- administration, nor Ontil•his measures had I' . Wo protest .against the plan of brought :currency cif' .- tfi - e ceuntry , into !minieliation respecting the training and die the . utmostdiiorder.- We know, that: in ,ciPliiiing of. .01° militia. The . Preside" times, past, the present chief magistratithis; - .nowadritits . it to be unconstitutional ;: ' and it i of all men , had Mosul° do iVith;,:the sys- ;is plainly so on the face of it, far' the train-"j tems of state barika,..thn most faith in their . ing of the militials by the conatitution-ex-; *dulness; and,nci ; very severely Chastened 'preasly reamed to the. states. •,If-it wore desire - to'-profit- by their influenCe, - , • ', ... I not. tivonititutional,lt: would, yet lie bur- ' '--- 'We . believe that the, - purposei..of• exereis- i fiensome, entailing enormities 'expenCe, and Ing.i.niOney. influence over the:conuriunity.! placing ,dangetens, powers'. in the -Exact) , Inieneverdeparted from the idtpinititration,"!.tives...hands, '-'' lt helonfis tollme'probfiCla ! - 'What'' could notitienitirdiellt liViailiffeliiieridly - Of" Executive projects, and.mt is a.:con-• 30,Vendthri.:.pank,riff. the - Alitit;d.'Statea2 . to :Salado:l ttrfind' that .at. least-One of it s -pro. it#:p.urprmserho‘ye.balleiie',it ltaa - sought, 'and ...meta . hasiJeert 'iioimEOrcimetl . by public . re!; Inivi,ne4i i . tn...Offe'et:hit,int. -- rdject... : of the I bAltAiritl':•iiiprobstion, thfaii, ino,..onni , reitkis. stibia s 'reasury,' .' , .W . O . ,holieve, -that.. in • order his-hentl, oe,opene: hit( tubniti: in - ite!faviir.: :400 - sintain. the pririciOes "Op . rin,.,tithich: die }-';'. But 'it,, , se.'dtiriett ; the Progress-.or the *stencol the , eob-.Treaiinry.ta.,_founded,ille . i late .'aditiimiietratinni -'initi - . under: tint, Well; :friends..O . ftl;adminititratiori. have:head led, i '4oewn anipices4of: eh: : Orneentishierrott:r Ito espouseopinions destruc t ive of iv: i gistrate , •; that ilindeciaratioe . Cirai, made in ftirtini commerce of the' innntyki.pararig.init kliejeneterlliileilligard-10-publin : iailiet4 ._its,',ll.helo industry, tending to, sittlf - pe latimr,. 3 that - the. spoils of? iffetoiri : belonte4 to. the, beiirr - i.W . P 4 ric..o.: . •liffil I 1 ) 1 -: -.0 kicrOtiri•'W - Ahti.114-10tigiterniiiiihukticildlyrnetidirt - ing - ,":aa-the . ofititlittOfid,e i rd:Of ithiiiiiinformed,•:.ther,it,'-'. vreid of the; perry Aim 6 .p o ti t i c :ir eith-testa U Dll tali • • t • A sS•I eon) eonsoll rocas first o 1 ; Kati r the th• • f : . .-- - .: - ..-.1)•.*--..- - .: - ::4 - , - :** - 0, -- : , *H*4::i*,,p:is,:.!4; CIE ttri riAttiiiii it4;:i ggl i for',9Biee mid enrol-: ument.',. We proteetegainitt,dectrineS which' Ithus regaids . otteestiipi, created for the sake of,:incombente; `-arid 4 -liti ninl ate ' ,the -basest , Paisions.t.,othe inirsirrf or high . .fill WlCtrusts. ' , - •'.Vir 4 e prOtest agaitisghe repeated: instances' ofduricgtirfling iiidicial decisions,. by: offi-.. 1 cere of -giiierturferri, l .'and others enjoying. its. enuntenance,linlW Setting Op executive . interpretation over the solemn adjudicatitine of courts and jUries., and showing marked' disrespect Ter theestral.and constitutional interimail:M.:and execution of the law's. :. .This' miegoVerettrient a ‘ ntl' . mal-ailminis ttatiokwOuld, have: been the more. tolerable,. if theyliad-notheen committed;; - in: Most, instances, in dire.ct contradiction . to; the. warmest professiensi.andOthe most solemn -assurances. Prothises of a better Curren , I for exattiii - le,• have ended in the destrt lion of all national 'andi. nniform curr niy,..;. as , : !suranees . of the'inost strict e cnny have . been 'prefiiee to the moat, aeteful exces s ; even :the Floritleiver A benhcOeducted 'Under loud 'pretence of severe 'frugality ; land the most , by .., unblushing, 'and noto , shuns inferrer i ce with state elections, has been syste atically practised . by the paid. .agents)) • the • administration , ' which iii the lidl ferihness id: ite . ..osth. of office, declaia at - - one of its leading objects 'should-be to accomplish that - task of reform' which, particularly'recptired-the-correetion of-those abuses which brought the patronage of the , Federal Government into conflict with the freedom of elections. .. .. In the teeth' if this solemn assurance, it . I :liaebeen prorte&that - United States officers have beets aisessed• in liiilrili bearing propor-, :' lion. - to -the - . whole' •atriontt they_ receive front the VreasurV . , for the purpose of sup- +porting-theif-partilatie- even in-state--and ' municipal _elections. • .11% heteve r_, in sliort, ' has been - most professed, has :, been - least practised;-and it seems to• have 'beep taken for granted that the.Aarcricnri people, tubuld be - siettsfied - witlf:Tretenee,"am, - a - full-tolueil aisiirance •of • pAtriotic pprpoSe.- The his tory-of die last tivelve yearelkai been :did - I -'history- of-brokee-prmises And- disappoint ! ed hopes. • At every-successive period of .'this. history, an enchanting,-rose-colored :futtirity - has been spiTad out before • the `people; -- es - peelallkiii•-Tegard 16 - the great concerns of reviconedterthee. and_turrency -1 But these-Colors . lhave- fatied . -as the abject him> been epproaehed. • Prospects _ of nbun 'l dant revenue have resultedin the necessity. of borrowing t the• brilliant hopes -of abet ter currency end in 'general - derangement, E stagnation,. and diatreisand While the whole countryis roused - to an tin preeedenV • ed excitement - by-the yressure of the times, I . eVery - state paper from the - caliinet at_Wailt ingtoncoMee forth .franglit with cungrittu ' "mimis . on that happy state of - things which :the...wise_ policy _•of..The ...ad ministration . is alleged 'to have. -- brought about. - Judging Isom, the tcfne_ of -these. _papers ; every -pre 7 sent movement of ;the people' is girlie un reasonable; and all attempts at change, only so many ungrateful..-returns for the Arise and .succe!sful administration, of public af- : fairs ! ..--- __L - ' '- • • • - • - . to l'iltiert We'teil ii i riund to - advert, by' our veneration for the illustrious dead, by our re6peerfliftriiihiliretThroire feriffifilitiof of our rountry, 'and, by -ciur- own wounded -priee--as--AntericanT'Citizens;!•:,,We-feel-titat .our.common country lia - eheen dishonored, and--we-desire to;.free ourselves from all Imputation of acOnieScence in the parridi- , -.dal act. The. late. President; in a conimn-• ideation to Congrees,..more. than intimlites that some of the earliest and most impor tant measureti . of Washington's administra tion were the offspyindof personal motives and private interests. His successor has -repected.ind_extendWthis accusation,-and 1 giver_ to it, we are 'compelled, to say,-a, greater degree Of 'offensiveness and gross , ness. • No man with ,au American heart-in his bosom -can • endtire,tbis without feeling' 'the deepest Inirriiluition,:as Well as the Most burning . scorn. The faine of Washington and his immediste,airsosiates, is-one of the.' richest treasures of the ountry. His is -that imineTw lc an inencan may utter with pride'in every part of the world, and which w hererer Uttered; is -- shouted .: to ' th e_isk lee bl - the voices of all' true lovers of human liberty, - - - Imputations which ass ail. h i s snea., mired so rudely, whife,they are abominable iiiilitieriii - Or iliii - Viith - .6rThiitory, 'are an, instill to the country; and an offence against the moral sentiments of civilized mankind.' Miserable, miSerefile indeed, MUM be that estate which cannot seppoit its party . predominanCe, its ruinous . seiterie4, and. senseless . .experiments, without ; thus at wtempting to poison the' . fountains' . of truth, land to prove the government- of our coun try disgracefully corrupt, eveh in its' very_ .enulle_Guribearteitimild sick Within' us, if we believed thatst'tCli-sorts-could-suc ceed; but they must ke - iivimtent.' •• Neither the recent, nor the . preSent President, was born - to caste shade'pri the _character of Washington and hisNesonititee. The des tiny 0f.. • ..b0th ltas,lren o lather• to illustrate, - by contrast that wisdpm and those virtues -whicir'theyligive., not:imitated, end - to - hurl blows - which the affeetionate veneration of! Arnerican'citiZens, and ; the general justice orthe, civilized world„ Will render harm- I les_s_k.o_thers,..antl_kwerful__only _in their - recoil upon theniselees., If , this - language te strong,iiTaViielliatfeelintotindigna ! : -_tion__which_h Set'siggested- itt,and divan-0c ( easine like this, ~,ye,poOd. not,:leaVe this consecrated s ispot without /110 Conscious' 3 ness -.of having-omitted.- an indispensable i duty, , hiad'Ave not,. thui. given ,utterance tO 1 the fullness of our hearta,:and marked with your* *severest _relnikei...:and "Most ',thorough reprobation. and,.Sporn*.a, Inhered effort 10 fix. a deep and - enduring 'plain eurthe early history , of-the.goVeriiment; -. •• • ',:: .*-- :. --: Finally; .ori.this.spet;,,thi - fe:olerhich began VA our liberty; rind can only end nriin•ii, in thf,Presenee eroliesamu4itudeti, of ;the; vilidle 00'1044446f ,the ; ivadd; we ideclOte.: our noneCianciark..convioionii;.that lig .: present Admlnietratiert:llie(preved, it. i self ineapable'•Or eitudnetlng the:publlo :if- I f i 4iii Of the nation manner ne Shell i :pretierve:the,cont44lloospiotain the, pub . .' 110.li6arty, and . :. aennyc:geneeid;...ti,raipeOs.Y . We , deelere*ith'i ll6 .44*Yilinderitfollat '4 , ,ol.bellaileite-tifain;,:l4#o **hoe Pee* l; !:9eniititineiti9on . :iiikr, ' . 'iniliienea,.and pOptilaiityr;',: s tbakto Afilli:;'' ' ;4triniiiiiihan., ma two EM ;t:'•.P.X':' , IPAI::::*I 47 . - Vi - T.'' „ Cloned;.;intlispensible'buk;ifighly resgonei-1: 4 . 10 constitutional duties that it, has.trified , with Alie.great emieernet of..finance and cur rency; that it lias.need .the.most reprehen• eible means:for infLueneing publiesopinion; that it hai'iountenancect the, application of public money :tn. : party.:purptittes'i. that it seeks to consolidate, itndf,StrengthenAarty by overt' fortn.of'putilic.pationoge ; I St it laboribuslyseekti,Mconceal.the truth from the people. 'on..'eubjecte of 'great interest ; that. it has shown it,self •to'l3e selfish in - its end and .corritr4,4 its, means ; -and ,that if it should be jble;to maintain itself in po'Wer through..MMther term, there is .the most. immi efit danger that it will plunge the Donn-' tr still .further diffienity, bring on'still ! rester disorder and distress; and'. under.. mine at once the foundations of the public prosperity and the institutions of the coon-. try. ' Men thus- false to their own prOfessions, false to the .principles el, the constitution, false to the interests of the people, and, hilse to the-highest honor of--their country, are unfit to be : the rulers-of this. Heptiblic.,,L . „,.., . The .people of the United Stateii - hnite right, to good government. They ,have a : light to an honest afil faithful exercise'of all the powers of the constitution as under stood and practised. : -in-the- best - days of the: republic for.the general good.. They- have an..inilienable right to all the blessings of that-Liberty which their. fathers achieved; mid the benefits of that Union which their fathers established: yz.=6.; . • And standing here,' this. day; with the. •memory. of. those F,athers fresh -, nil-our hearts, and Withthe field of: their glory and the numuMents of their fame full in our yiew—with Bunker , Hill beneath us, and aGniceiiid, and”: Laingtoft,--.aucf , Urireitester, Heights_, acid Fanueil Hail around uswe fis_a part olthe our- - selves to each other and to-our country,.-to spare:lto lawful : and honorable - effort to vin dicate --and -maintain these ,riglits„ and to remove from the high places Of the nation :non who have -thuocontenined.and violated-' -them.:--- •. • Ave gat) tb: and 'solemnly invoke, all good - me »tl tic patriotS throughout the Union oregoing all considerations . of party- forgetting alt - distinctionef state 'or section, to_rally.triore,.n.a ourfinhers did, in '1775, against . .the.com moii - oppreisork of our. country, - and to unite with us-in testor ing opr . glorious . cotistittltion to its' , true tcrpretation, its practical administration, - , and its just supremacy:' ' In such a- cause ; principles are-every thing; individuals nothing.. Yet *e_can=": not :forget that--we-.. have=worthri-lion - est, capable - candidates, - rot the -- o - es - from - . which we hope to- remove the present in. 7 cumbents.' . - Those who desixl a' cltange,lhreugliout the whole country, have agtecd with ex ' traerdffiary unanimity, to :support General William Henry H,arrispii for the , office •of President. We believe him to bean ho nest and faithful citizen, who has served his country successful'', in 'divers civil trusts; and ive believe him a veteran spldier, dolled. We give him our unhesitating confidence • and in that confidence we shall support him,.an l tdistinguished•citizen of Virginia,-who has 'been nominated for and all our hearts, through the present con test; convinced by their election the' true spirit - of`the Constitution will= be -restoreit,_ the prosperilyof the people. i•eyived, , the stability of . our freeinstitutions re-assured, and the bletisings of Union and Liberty se cured to ourselves and. our posterity: FROM OLD NORTH CAROLINA. - -- Corretpondence of the Baltimore Patriot." GASTON, (N. C.) Sept. 1, 1840. You'will recollect that I addressed you on the 10th of July last, from Raleigh', and remarked that this state was safe for the whigs, and that Mr. Morehead would be elected Governor bY at . least 8000 major ity. , That opinion has been -more than realised. I 'have wandered over the state every where, almost; since then, and con versed withOkundreds, and I now say -to I you,' that \ without the least doubt in the world, and as certain as death, 'General Harrison_iv ill obtain the electoral vote of North Carolina by a majoritY:nrea_ore_thani 10,000. 1 perceive that the Globe and other - prints affect to treat -the election of Morehead as no test of the Presidential contest, and' say that it was brought about by local considerations, such •qs internal improvements, &c., and that Judge Saun ders, their candidate, was ill during the campaign and-unable to canvass the state. This is, N all false, and like alt that the Globe utters;' nothing but misrepresentation -to deg eeive its readers. It was a fair and open .can test,- each- candidate relying- upon' the strength orhif - partyi-ana-they-canvass the, state upon the principleti of their party, and not upon local considerations. More head was -personally the most popular man, and T do assure you that such was the opi nion of our friends of his strength, that in some - counties he was neglected,,and con sequently fell, short of the vote given tile regular ticket.. They have,. given the con test up, and admit that . O 1 Tip-will gel North Carolina: General Dreingoole, -of Virginia, is here (I presume electioneering) 'and gives it up in' despair. .suCceds,Brown and Strange.' I have heard of three or four gentlemen' spoken of, Mr. Minguni among • the - first. Judge 'Little, of Rockingham, 'and Judge Badger ? 'of Wake,- are also named, antt•-one'-ofthem with Mr. M! will dou6tless be choaeri. I hive travelled a good deal also in Old 'Virginia, and I. tell you that she is wide awakes and will tell _ herKinderhook nazi-~ in November that she stilt Oinks to her ancient matte, " eeniper .ty tame. !'' Rives is cinivinising,eiery county, addrge-j aing 'the ',people every! where: - l'heatd him address a tremendons gathering not many 'ilaye since, for more. than .aF hours. He compared Mr. Von Buren.,,with Gen. Harrison; dtritthire- wee not a - Single line of anything troni the OW 0, 1 Gen, H., trim a mes Sage down to the most simple letter, - that 'Was not eminently.' sit perioE-. to. any, thing; that 'Mr. Vim* Bump. had - eVet,:W;rittem . - Set - yourdoin'old ginia safe, and more tkanlooo' to spare:" SOMA dISONS WHY aeti 11 .11; B Lir le' n -IHOULD NOT BE RE-ELECTED: Because;ati he has manifested the strong ,esi feelings of hostilittlo 'Madison and.the. Demieracy"of the•iountry, be .is a de.tno= . crat in nothing but profession; and a Fede ralist 41 every thing . but the name .:, • ' ,See • the opinions of .De Witt Clinton, and of 'John C. Calhoun, and of the Demo cratic papers. of 1812, respecting . Martih V •an Buren. • • Because, he delights in popular turnulis afiti_ . elicitainentents, in reviving, and perpet- i uatineanciencanimositiea.lii each the. rich and the . poor' againser,• - eUeli other, nad embitteYirit — bite portion of the .:Union 'against another. - - " All tradition, unites in .estah)ii3hing the' fact, that the village of-Kiiiiie'rhOok, with its immediate vicinity, was . die . theatre of ineessant litigatien;" and " party pOlitics raged violently, and frequently ',disturbed the peacefpl, relations of 'neighbors.' whose real interests were. not-in ennfliet with each other.''' Mr. Van, Buren kad a : strong'taste for these contentions,—See Holland's. Life of ran Bureilitia. Bicause,4 I t '';lW - •iffices which ' he has sustained, it is impossible to point to a single one. bestowed upon. "him for any other ..... or service, than those of alnere party character. • .'• ' • See- Holland's Van Buren. .: His first civil appointment was given, while a law yer at Icinderlrook, for his zeal in the po litical struggle in : 1807, between Tompkins 'and Lewis. He was.. made - Surrogate 'of Columbia , ceunty. - He, had: 'supported 'Morgan Lewis for governor in - 1804, and -opposed 11307,-sticcessfully,as; the appointment - Serves - to-show. - BecaUse,;Martin Nan. Burea_ii_opposed_ to - free suffrage : and in . the convention , to . itheintilie constitution of New York;inada a speeeli in favor of a Props 1y Qualifica on thau - ghltithould affect-the-righta of thelipor veteran's of the revolution, who had : lOU_ lit for OUtliberties..; . • • , See. proceedings of-the'New York Con vention, 1821. to amend the constitution, page 141-182. See alio . Holland's Life of Van 8uren,,p.,•197. . Mr.' Van Buren labored...with - great zeal tai `establish the pointohat none . WA-freeholders should*. be allowed to vote.• Becanso ' .in these' histanees, as well* as • in various others. he-has '.shown-liiinselre . MONARCHlST,atlieart,:and that lie con siders party and-property; and. trot talent or tisefulness; as the principal claim. which -entitles:a.man_to.citizenship. Because he . luid* spent:all.. the ordinary. revenues of the gOvernment,although - out . Of those same-revenues. - his -three imme-• diate Vrede - ce.ssore paid more than $210,' 000;00 of the publiwdebt: • See. Treasury. Reports .1617;--18313,- 7 *Mr. MOuroe_ liaid in 8 yeais, $lOl-;366,-* 11i; Mr. Adams, 45,303,533 'in 4 . years; and General Jacksori:s64,l9B,33B years. - • Because, acting upon .the prfo.iplc tt the pcu t 'h ...", ue corn:II:oleo, he oppo • 1 -- honest and equitable distribution otthe proceeds of the public lands among the, .whole_people„ them to make. influence with' a part., See_ atid_the. pr 6.0440:cede - the tan& to the states in, whichtheY'lle:T[Thii new i'Thitee and ter ritories have • already received '12;690,334 - -acres. of-the public lands forilie_supportor schools, &e., and Martin -Van Buren is. willing - for the sake of "the party," •to• give"away the rest, 230 'millions of the choice:;t lands in _the - world !.] • - _ • „Beeause, he. separates the government from the people, takes the control of the revenues from - Congress, and, throneli. the sub treasury law, can _Manage the whole financial power of thie government as he I pleases; and, ae if. tint were not enough to condemn his administration for ever, he has procured congress to pass an ant authoriz ing him, on his own mere ,motion, to with hold • appropriation's': Made. for 'the 'public service. - See'the closing acts-.of the list session of Pongrese, by which the' President is empOwered to withhold appropriations, or execute. them, at-pleasure! - -_The President does.-not, indeed, have the -,, the , -publie--,no-. ney; but he has: the 'control of-it;-through his power over all the suls treasurers and collectors, who are a ppointed,by_ h and field:their offices at his will and pleasure, t is well known that General Jackson .op posed the 84 Treasury .Scherpe in 1834. The' Globe, at' the same-period;r-speaking of it, said;-- • . "It is as palpable as.the sun, that the ef feat .of. the. scheme (sub . Treasury) woUld be -to, bring theptib4 treasure much nearer the actual custody andcontrol of the Kt= cautivg than it is'now,-anCe,zPose it to fie i plundered_by cannot now reach - And the Richmond Enquirer,* hied ing Jackson paper of Virginia, in 1834', said: 64 We have objected to , the sub treas 4 scheme (so celled) thit; in t h e first place , it will enlarge the Executive.power; 4 1 1: resat too great for a Republic.. 2ndly, that it contributes 'o endanger the sectirity , of the public funds"; and. ardly, that it is calculeted_ ,to produce twb, currencies—a baser one for thepeoge, and' a better one for - theGovernment;"' • • "It is - eertaiely:subject - to very - stron: objections, not the least, of, which is the very great increase Of patronage to - which it must give rise, and a patronage of the most dabgerous influence, as, being so inw mediately connected,with the public trio- And'again : • - •- -- -"-But-11---ciii7ireel-no' advaitage;andOn 'the contrary a' fruitffil source.pf ' in making GovernmeAlL Orleererlhe keeilin* of, the. cash. Piece about them what guards. you may, in the shape of ..coremisvoners, inspectors,. or whatever else, iglecylcition will be endless Therelb it.. The' giblet and, - orOtruling' objatiini, however `is the otaliiiii - liource Of •patron.; Age 'to which it. ..1144., the machinery as simple asyoii may„and open to view, wherever . fitopeyie.tenipte- 1 ttoa : t - creep ii, - ifig - cornlrptioniti every) Aim fellers at its heels;'? , Ilciause, 'cadent-in' tti3 party aim pi the destruction the-ssysti ld of free"Worond wages. Is proof . demanded ? Here it is. The Boston: Quarterly Review, 'edited - by Mr. Brownson i . who. has an office . under th 6 iovernment,.and is devoted to thoprinci pres of Mr. Von . Buren, in a late. number of that work, says— In regard to labor, two • systems obtain: one, that of slave' labOrp the that .. , other, tof free !abbr. Of the t*o, the FIRST , is, in our judgment, except so far feelings are concerned, decidedly the least.oppies- 4 1 We say frankly, that'if, there 'Must ways be•:a laboring population, diStinct frorii proprietors and. employers, We regard the slave system as decidedly preferable to trig system of wages.". "Wages is a cunning device of the devil; for,thelrenefit of tender .consciencPsi . who would retain all the advantages of the slays System; without the expense; trouble, and odium of being slave holders.". :" We really believe•l•hur NORTHERN'- system of labor is, more eppressive, and,. more mischievous .to morals, than : the' solithero.".. • . .• Becauty• - theleaders the * party"in.pori session Of:the. gpvernment, declare another object To;be;the n'eliSerthroze of the chureli in :alnite, forms l ind• sects, and the destruc tion of the'rninisters of religion. •• ha t,the,,Postoo-QuarterlyOrtere • on this subject, ". ' speaking as one having' au . thority: •. , • • ) 4 ., Rut, having traced the: inequality 'we complain of to its origin, 'We proceed to - ask again,.twhat is the remedy? . •The` re-.. inedy is first to be sought in the destruction . . ofilie priest." •• • • • • . • • "The,priest_is .universally a .Iyrint,. unl.; versally-the.erilaVer• 'Of.his brethren, and,„ . :there fiife - ,ii - PTC lir Fall itriii - jr . .... : •-'• l There.'ortiat, he no Clasri_ofArien . set a 'part.and authorized, eithcrr‘bY - -laW,or far - . shion ; to speak to us in the natrie•of, God; or tube the!nterpTeleilblike'llrtird - ofGod.;-- p&TRE• WORD OF ',GOD NEVER' .11110 PS • •FROM •TIIE..P RIES T'S • LIPS" ! 1 1 ! : - Ilnatvottmils - PULL-41118 tnedecine is aoknow ledggeti to lie oiie • of - the - most-valuable: ever dieter:. as a linrifler . of the - blood and fluids. - 'lt id superior to Sarsaparilla whbtlier as a sodorific alternatire; and 'stands before all the_lire,•_ parations and combinations of Mercury. Its. pur gative properties are alone of riiicalculable'-value,-: for these pills may be taken • daily for any - period; and, instead of weakening. by the cathartic effect, they . add' strength by taking 'a wpy the cause -of weakness. They have none of the•miserable effects of thatilead- • ly lipeafic 'Mercury teeth m . The not injured— the' bones and. limbs are not paralysed—no ; ; but fin-. stead -of -these- ilistressingzsymptoms; new life and consequent animation is evident in' every -niovement ortbe -•• . • • ••••- • •_. • • . ' .7 - Pprebasu -them in Carlisle, of Gm. Or of agents published iii paii7ofthii paper. VAG NIFICENT. SCHEMES r FOR-. OCTOBER AND NOVEMBER. TZVE CAP/TAP OF 20,000' Dollars 000 - : • MARYLANR. STATE LOTTERY, Class A., for 18400—To be drawn at Biltinsora. Saturday, October 17th 1840. - • GRAND CAPITALO. • — =l of -s of $20;000 1-of- 20,000 making 1 of - 20,000 '1 of .20,000 . 100,000 lof 20,000' • • . DOLLARS. 'u -1 Prize of $10,120-2 of - 5,000-3 of 4,0001.-4 of 2,800-1 U of 2002—.60 of 1000--60-of 506-45 of 400-63 of 300-63 of 250-63 of 200-33 of 100 Ike. , . • 75 No. Lottery—;l2 *4WD Ballots. • . - 7- 7Tikelitsl - 5 - - - --Halves ST3OT.- 7 -Quttriers - $3 - 75.----' Certificatesof Paskagesof 21- Incas Tiakets• $2OO i ' ' • Do. • -do ----25 Half do 100 Do. do •. -25 Quarter do ,' , .;0- MOST SPLENDID.;-----.-.- „ • Capital _560,000 Amo,-.9.0,000 Sixteen Drawn N beis in each..Parkage— of ieketi. Si 6 • - Alexandria Class 13, for 1840.-=-Te be - tintifii atikletzandrin. II C. ea haturtlay, 14th Novetnber,lB4o. • • GRJ:ND ‘‘: 60,000 Do lags ti riz4o. o4=7"talS.X t 0f10,000.-1 of , 0 00 • - •4 al orTpuo-;:r 012,590:74 grvii. of 61 . 000 " 5 o r 1110: tree o 169041 6.0 0f..500, 5U 01'400, V 0 071 1 .300, lix, 01450 4 • : • 121) of2oo, 124 of 160, lie. - • ,T,iokeb war s2o...Dnlvna 2 110 7'.44 1 4uteristo • _ fa 50. CeilfiaileserPacksgel4 26 WholeileluitOC- ; •- • 26 Hair 'O -10 4 0 b° r gs RusSor ‘7, do , •' • l l ° ' •- ' $ l O ZIA* x” - 3 1 1 ' 5 ' ) - tt* Order. for Tioksto and Shivit of 'ackagecia the above Lcteleff irialgrANromPOT UttatPtzta oaths 41...rspleilliwy 41* it • ' 14 •D.13.• GiIECORY,It - Wolailecten•Cityl MEE Ne 0 . 7230840 9 11
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers