. . • Speech Of 'Daniel gitebsterji.l:• - , - .1
. . AT. TILE GREAT MASS ,MEE'tiNG - 1
. • AT . 'SARATOGA; ot4' I.9iit• An.qoifri
4i8,4p, - ,. :. • -.-2"` '-''- , • --• , :•K'.. • ......- :.
, .. . , .
• • CRepoded for the Arezo-York ,d2roei:ictiri.]_i
~. - . , . . • , .
- • .. Me are here, my . tridildpi• in .the_Joidst •
.. .
• . of a 'great Movenient of' 0;6 people .'That
. .
'-- 's revolution "in, .public. sentiment. on SortiS',
. - important .queatione' . .4. patilie l .policy.loits
..''`hegen, : .:atid la in progress, it• IS.iSin'.to_,Rt
' tempt to conceal, and' folly: totenr:• ',mina'' , i.
. iiill be the.exten(of this retteliiiiiin- , -what:'
• ~..,.: itiviiiiniediate.effeeta 'Upon political men Mul , '
• ...political tutariureavbet ultiinateinfluenee.
- •'. it.klay ,inlye. ou •the,:integrity of the eonsti•
• lution, andithe permanent prosperity of the,.
' . tOuntry;ieniaine-.tir: lie Seen,: . ' . .Meaatiio,.
• ' ' :fin one ,datf,'fferty that nie.-extrportlinaty,.;ei-•
......- - ''.' titement ~.exis to iii, the 'Conn try; - suCh as , has
. '`
not been Witnesaed. for :'.636k0.;01.6.1ii. lad(
• ..•entui.) . ';' . ifiitlocal; net nonfiheff to any - timo, •
'.l . 'or 'three of -ten statea;.lpit , perirading:lho.
• `•,,- whole,'4Om'perth'te south, 'and from east
''......‘ frr.Weat; With 'eqnal'foree afidnitefisity.
-
- . -....L-: 2 ,:kor,••atiLeffeet',,Ro ..gerieiaLn
_caiistol. CORY :
'-'"_extent;'niust.„ exist.. NO' ' eanse,; Weal :Or
-. --:- ••partiat, -; CRi Produee,Conseqtiences so" - .ger•
• . liciral and universal. -In some parts ofthe •
__:_jefitintry., bideed, local catiseemay in some
' 'degree add fo the flame; but nolteartailse - , --
-.:- bor . . anynuinlier of local' causes; can- ae
__ count_ for the -general: excited - state: of the - .
pnlitic•mind, -.• • . .: • . ':.-" : , -- '-'-------,:-.
• •'' In portions of,the country devoted to ag-•
: iculture and manufactures, we•hear coat! ,
. - , *Wilts.:of Want of markets and diets price '
- . Yet_theio_ifeJother,:porfieneof -the- country,
s i
, • Whichareconsiimers,and not producers of
.0, •
`rood and- manufactiires,.and: as•purchasers;.
• ' .thdy should; , - it.:weinlil seen'', be - satisfied
.. With the prices of which-the. scllerii
.... tomplain. t. but in these' portions; toil • of-,
_, ' .the. -country; there is dissatisfaction and dis- . .
:•'- -- -fon'teni. ---- 47Every - where - ;t h e re .-is -co riiplai ih
--_,-..-ing-andp desire for_changp,, - -- • - •:-:._. • _,]
There arc :iheas who.,.thirtk this_ eXeite.:.
~ • Inpnt...annong the Jeople - leansitery - and)
• .
'evanescent,.__ am not Of :that Opiniotf.• •So•
•_ .- - ihr. as I--can judge; attention "to' public of
fairs among- tIW - Fidtple_of the .United States
.". has increased; iiincreaSing - iand is.not likely I
- - to be dim i n i s h e d , aml this not iii one part of!
,
;The-country; but all - over. This .ccrtaiiily-
L ~.„is' the fact; if we - may judgefrom recentin, l
---- tormatiom ----. . - The'•brei*e of popular_ excite,_
meat is blowing every,,whcre;, •-.1.1 . fans "_the;
• .:_.- .„. :air•iif Alabama and: the Carolinas,.aiidleth
- --- of opinion, when it shallcrosa the Potomae - ,1
- -' and range along. the northern Alleghenies,
~
- .. - it will - gropi - •lstronger and stronger;- until;
iningling with-, the , i ga - Tes -Of, the' Empire
.- - ;State,- and the triomitain - _: blasts-el' New'
- ___England;:it will -plow 'a -perfect hurricane.
There, are •those agaiii , ,whoTifarik -these._
.. - fast popular meetings are got up by ellbir,
jitit, I say that no effort can gettliem up, - anil
_•__. no -effort can keep them.. down. - Theft.
... Must, the n, be some general cause that . aid
- . -- '. - ''hates the *bole • country;t What is. that .
- - ' _'-daOse ? kis - upon Allis point I propose to
• . give my opinion to-day:,.: 1 - have no design
- . - to offend any feeling, but in perfect -plain
lieiis-to-ex,press my.vieivs to
-the vast-Multi!
- ' tude assembled here, . I know there - are
among them many who,. from first to last,
- sittiported GeneralJacksom 4l•knowthere
- - - - -- - --4ietri m Mer, i l Yik - may lienpr me. by any
' - - r'lvitip . g er. dpnqn.ciation... Again, I-Ccime
.
_._,... thiday, no par Let oratory before you, 'lf
.. •_ 'there have been times and occasions in my
__- _ .:11fe W . _ keit J .. mightbe sapPosekanxious, Is i
-_. e ihibit myself in such a Jight, that.p.erioff
has passed; and this is 'not. one. 01 the -Pc
- • Ctsions,• - . I: Cornejo dictate Rini
,prescribe
to. no man e . li'my experience;
,not now
short, in..theaffairs 'of, goiernment, entitle
. . • .my,opiniona io . itiy,reapdet,tlinse opiphips
- . are at-theiferileiref : ray TellOW-citizens : :
~. . What. I Ilipll .8 tq to, ait'liets . „ I, .a li all li old InYL
4s'elf and `my character resporiaible for; what ' l
• .• f shall' state 'as opinionii, rail , are alike at
. - liberty to reject or to reeeiveasking only '
Finch . fair later retation-oftheris -theffai r,,-_
-- -Bees-an sm . erity- With -which th6Plre. tit
... , tered may claim,. .. ..• ' ' - ..
What, then; has excited the whole 'land
lion 'Maine:lo_ Georgia,, RUff:that:gives. us
. nasurance that.while we herd are meeting
ih New York in midi vain.' numbers', other
.
like meetings pre holding throughout all the -
States That` this. cause must be general
as.its -effect is:, certain, for it agilatisAtre.
-------;#1;
lead - countryle - n - d not parts onlF. ---
•
When - • - that - fluid in the:human" ,
systeln
'' iitdispensable •to life becomes disordered,
cerrupted, 'or' obstfuctedlit VS cireulation,.
`ost Melt - end or...the leart alone suffer; but
. ' the .wbole body, head, heart,:and•hend, all
.'the- nierribert3,_ all,. the_extremities, are af-
Octet!' With ; debility, paralysis, iurehness,
:and death.' "'rho etiology, between the hu
man systern,and the social , anti. , politioal
eystein, is .completei ' and ' what .the life,
- ••blriod•is to
,the former;,eirc Uletien, money;
' . eurreney - ii`ttitlire latter-;.and ifthat'be dis- -
'ortJer9d .tir . corrupted; _paralysis' heist:fall
Mt the system'.' - ' , ~, - ••,-:: - . ' '
The original, leading, •maiu. cause, • then ~
-- - of - a11 ,, . oir; difficulties and - disaitere,"ts. die'
..• disordered stets; of the Treasury. This is
_ pbrhaps not a pifecily 'obvious truth; and
get ene - i3useeptib e of _easy demonstration:"
Its order te,eiplaiitilds• the , more:reedily, I]
wish to , biing . YOur minds to the censidera
- lien of - the condition and the test affairs of
' the United, Statee.' ' , One eatifitrY iig. not i'
, steal' pniylnge,,dr canton; bin a/region ex
. 'binding ' , ever a 'brie 'and spiremified sur
lirce,,__Nrith-a'.teptilation of iaridus. condi-,
tiens;_produets, u r ird•pursiits.• • it iikitt this
xi iirletf : thaftionsists its prosperity, for -the
-4ifrett4lol3Stiit• IleCeme" peeing one ict,.._,the
— 4thetit . .trovtridentityn iiit - hy - ivnerepee'or
-
production and, thus , eaele.bririterclrange
ventributee*the:interest 'of . 'the other.--
liciiinkklirlietartildir."-AliioVliia car-,
~../kil'oe `this exthinge;: of "the PrOducts:, , 'Snd
fitthilitry; 7 ofibit -- 41:getinit*iiisr:tiqui ,ortilt‘t
sitOill Stfites---int.7one of:our:most idiptiit:;' -
, " !4 1 ; 11 # 4 ,.,4 i•ra . Inutt _t alE • 1 1, 1 * .in OciiiIPEiretl!W
10tifri,P.Wtge.TFlione*O`''east'And z- Eir ,
_:iitro#6 l *filaVereiiptible;;but . 'ditifiblg"
.044kloteliftelbriugbolt.' - ibil;syiltelid ; by,
# 6 *44oV'e r t#,,fotkill.to ViViAtitell 1',00 . 1400'
liNbt - of.,4)llinghborhootFilad" , OW et'nletii
t r
,#-.4X44.Ai•-,).1•.cin4-it?'
4 this' a
i-:,i, itle ,
ii-..,.•., d
,--
e • - ial -
l-....--
,irt Al*f`l ;grgitf:iliiint;44oi, 'r t*iolo44 , c
44j14`hirveicliediersp'
t.':',.'..t: „'...,:.:';• ' :',- .:''..i.tig: ' '
~,. ,~~
7l ,
sy`,~:
~ti'.
v1“ 291% ÜbiquM 7: ilf'.:v_’..4’ m-;:n~=zar,x«::,;;uz;
I=
hq -- ,..growe're
'
the belt'Of •graut'-beet„etto;
pee p,.gr tv - ' ,
are int
'The' Motu factitiere 'ef l the.'-Nerth' - hp thl,3=- -
East need 'the graiii'cilitteMiddle
• - atid- :. the .cottotto: - 'l , he..S.pUth, and these
in
litrit.hy ntenufeeipees, - Athe
ie'this soli ly; ii after .'et - tercet but" but is :hi;
e eme4leerew-,.brought - ahant'brth,c'rbi3Ola''';
ttiqins,,‘Otrorpige7goverittrientS, Oeitriaen-;,
rfacturee find no sale , in - : Eur Ope;;
of o.titgi,ainiS tler- Ord inary.....:,circitinplan,;,.:
'ces excluded, from its marketp. - .4ii France,.
lt . le-nevct adinittedi'aml in: - Erigliind
tingeiitly)fatid /s tincertainly • . .only,.and .tv : ,--
ntantwr tb , tantalize latherAlian gratify ''tho
.Antericanhusbantitan.. - . - " -
This internal' trade,_ - moves '
it were • ..i;V : e • eirclei . .antr ;it& -direetlY '; the
great ltriptiot.ef. Abe - Ccuntrkfare.rittle-in,
New: YOrlt;iv hence:
.West;.-but our exporid - are. nOtlitaintyjrobt,l
~i'ew York from th0.40.utD, , -the. gain
luepertethen are Maile'-frorri : one".corner
the, U:uipn; `affil the-eXports' from - another.]
The same thingietrue of otlMOraiteheaeli
trade„ . The, produce of Ohio, much it'',
..dcgeends', the river :to. 'NeW, okiealks ;, but
Ohio'is supplied with foreign; cemnamlitiee l
and, domestic. faGites.mainly through trio
New York - eatialii 'the Lal - es and the Ohio
canal; The live Bieck of KentuckY,goetil l
to The Carolinas; but .Kentucky
% in, there, but transmits; the '..money to. Bald
timore 44.:Pli6delpliinand 'there procures
-what she wants, to. be_sent to llerpcioss
.'Phis . circuit of trade:la e'eountry orsuch
great
,extent - as .ours,: demands; more than
in any -country' under•lie . aven,a uniform
currency, for the W hole, people ; - that what
is money in Carolina shall be sa,ellifeWhere,'
that what. the- Kentucky drover. - receives,
What" thc - plaitter OrAlabama sells Tor;iv.liat'
-the-laborer-laborer - getei:n4itiy. tor
-his - worir 'and- carries home' tosupport - his
' shall he of
,ascertainetl and uniforie
•• This, is not the time nor the. occation• for
ad'-essay or dissertation On-money ;' but l'
mean distinctly to express the opinion that,
:until the •(.141 floral Government shalLtake in
hand the
,currency of the country—until
that 'Clovernmerit-sliall devise_ some maps
-(1-- - say-not-4 hat) ef-raising_the whole cur
reney to the level of gold and silver- 7 --there
can be_ no• prosperity. '': - .
Let us . retrace briefly the - history of the
curtehey question in this cPtintry—a most ,
important branch of the_ commercial (pies
tion. - 7 appeal to' all who have studied...the
history of . those 'times and of the_ constito-
Also) *whether our' fathers Pi tre bling the
'constitution which should unite us. in com
mori rights and - common 'glory; hall-not
also anteog - their chief objects -- to•prOvide-a
uniform system of currency for the whole
Country. -I - specially duidte the-Ingenuous
youth of the scountry, to go back to the
history of those times, and particularly to
the Virginia - resolutions of 1775, am! to the
proceedings of the convention at Annapo
lis -lathe same T yea r, apd__they ; _will_tbere
find the prevailing, ergo - MCI - for, forming, a•
Geherar Grivernment; was in order to se
comajjoiforro_si•-..6.6.....t...."...,•;,,,i*hafi.,-,-_
it was no -longer to be__theieommerce-- of
New York, or of, Massachusetts, butof the
- Milted States, to be carried on under: that
star spangled hannerywhich bore on it, emi t
into every sea, the-glorious motto E Pla:
ribas--Unwic. "' . ' , '
. - Thie - being'a chief and cherished object,'
when. the. first Congress ender the poitstitu- -
Oen Ossenibl'ed•in New York, Gen-Wash
icgten in his speech neutrally drew their
attention to the,Ceeessity of a uniform cur : .
rencY,lookirig_probablyat thattime= to the
mint first established in' Philadelphia, to
provide that currency. • , , •
• I mention these circumstances to show
that the difference in the• currencies-of the
several 'states, and the went of a uniform
• ,-, 911,11th:o 'crim --- riThierceabil-eurrency,,casual-e — tretrinstanees r aeting_.upon_ pc.
the_
beirig among the chief inconvenience's to be culler: teeriper and character•of
. a man of
iethediell by the Oritablish - ment of the cop- very decided temper and character, affect
siitution ; , the subject, very naturally and fthe fate ornations.• A .niovemerit was made
properly attracted the early attention, of. the ' in the ,autuMn of 1829, - in ' order • to' effect
President; 'at :.the_, first . term of the first • a-change iii "certainofficers of-the Branch
Congress. '• • '- -• , • Ban of the United States in Portsmouth
, •
k-
At the second term,.the United States j New Hampshire. mr, Woodbury, then a
Bank - Was established ;' without. detaining'? Senator from New Hampshire, transmitted
yoithyquoting - papers - _ - or_ -- 2spiech - es_Ttir .t. T 0.,... ...iiiiiident_of_the:Bank. at _Pliliidel,
day, , l will Simply refer any one curious to •phia; a request, purporting to proceed front
emOire --- , to 'the official doceittenta of the merchants anil men of business of all - .pat=
time,:and to the contemporaneous expres- ties asking-the removal ofthe President of
itions of puhlic opinion on the leading-ma- that branch, 'Pat on political'_ grounds,-but
sures - of - That day, - for proof,' that - While - 6k - as` acceptableand advantageous to.the busi
object of incorporating a National Baltic I nese community. , ; At the same •time,.Mr.•
Was that if might . OeCasionallymake loins i Woodbury adaressed a letter confidential
to:,Government c and take charge of the die -1 to the Secretary of the . Treasury, - •Mr.
buriement of itatevenues, another' obje644lligham; 'suggesting that his _Departmetat
quite as protninent . and important, was to 'should; on political grichids;" obtain - front
furnish a eirculation—a papercirculatien-- - ! the. Mother , bank ilie remeVa;,of the - branch
'fiiii - nileil.on national reseurces ; that should . preSiden ) W • Thia_letter was tranamiced4O
be'current- all- over'the country: . ‘ - Generall the prestderit - cf the - mother bank and,reack. ,
Waihington had the sagaity to see, what ed blot about same sae time -as,the oilier;
indeed , mindslese sagacious than his b eonid so that; looking upon this picture and upon
not fail to perceive, that Aire confidenee're- that, piton . one letter that..urged' the rem°, '
posed in the. United TStates•-.ander ; the con- ` oval epon political grounds,, and 'on' the
, emotion; and in _George Washington as the other other that,denied that political, considera
head of it, would , impart to whatevereameitippsi.eotered.inte the Platter at all, he,con
-1 from' Congreas••more : 'authority, and , valuel.clid,ed to let things remain as they were. Mali to . nity thing emanating fromany sin-, 1 Appeale!Were, 'then '. artfully mad0.,,t0,14.
gle - state., • -.-:. •:- , .., ,', '' -,-. ''. ' [President. `. His feelings Were enlisted,,ned
- The. -- •assumptien . by' Congrese, of the t it is -well known that when hohad-..an'Ob
state debts,'illestrate's this remark t ,- fOrthe,' , Ject.in, vieW,'hikkharicter•Was to geohead.'
emitted- the: United -BMW became ••beend mean .40, ,sfettknoevir, Or' disrespect • of,
fer those debts•and proceededlo - fnnd them, , ; General •Ackion.-. - Ile hag:pawed off 'the
they 'rose enormouslyand:rapidly, in value.. otage.to his •retirerrient_tit theHermitage,-!
General :Washington and , his . advisers ,
'wh ielf itt would 'bit as well,perhantr, that;]-
saw a liaizeill.curreimir,irthit paper had , 1 friends, , shoeld , not „disturb, and where,: I-•
Ahit.n.iar k e_Ltlii i : , U_nj , ori , _LiuuLbertL oll 4L•the-sincerelvwis-he4nay,jn=triratprjlllty,faivr'
.spread eaglet-WoOld command. universal' the_ residue •-of - •.'lis, , days. ‘_ Bot, ; ;cenctrai
mmfidence thieughout the country; and the Jaeko'rea 4 character was imperiottahe
result:proved the 'wiedom,tif:theirlorehight;_;4toOkL,t e , l?ti . ek. - ,itytiek : ,.Thi* e r-i .: •p n d--- . h ck ii - ever
Prom the.inCorporationlit the first bank to his. film Ati,inight differ, ,Or. Whether i they
theVxpiratiOn,,el:„ifseharter c ernbitiiiiiig,l coecerre 'Or ' ' i.. .u-';Wertt fain al-
-
Iti!:ftio.a - or 001, commercial 'and - politiclT
YteiiistOnes; the curcency / of Abe bank,•:Atall
neiritt_, objected it.-t , -iti,'lnderal;,'stirPassed
,the hefts aid Onaitgit *lie deoirettofeVery,
bpdji.-4.. Tlikelitiffer o,Pired in 1811.#40w
i-PF7I4:*I'Y from what:olatp, a parties,-.4 je
rtnitpr s pOl!rise.t9 . dikaos...4utthe`Charter
t ikpuio 4 o: 6l 74:„..War'Oli%ri4lo4, - ylitia:
-deeliirediOjtittei, A.04N,...4),19,03'01401Y-!Pi;
tip,: irmAifilfOlink, :Of ;' - '3l*.; ilivlliejigillo:
. i.i'oith ' ot - 1 4 0 0 4'*00 1 ,0i4:0910.101 - ay,ment;
and thrift; tifAawAiloglapd, et; :Wd•tit4 . *tr
~.,-., ~... --
&Mill=
NEM
I,„ tait „ :';.'t „
'7:-.i4-6r0p„,.',,,,:....:r.., ( „ ( .. A
~. ~
.....-410,,,... .Ait . ._,,
~i...e„,,,,,,,.„„.,,t,,2.,„.,4..,614,,,,y,:,1, i „,.., . /
' L., , 'I 9 --•-•-i../tk . 1 11 , 1 ;- -.4.1: Wri
-,....::',:' .....: :. ~.. YiA(._ . ? . `;.izi"''.;,.,,,-,,- - '. .:;.',.- .:-:-.. - •'..-:,•.1.0.1-!,..,:.1.:', ' -.
'''.':..* .::-..'-':..., .' \ ',' .. - 4 - . r.' :::.e.::'' - .,.,' Kf..i . ', : ' , :.::::':.''• --
.........
BEE
Ways ,to gut), _..aeon then
put 'foitli,l,the tout.,appoluitnents
by the. , Bank' lave' regar:d to. , the
wishes of ilierTreasirytlhil
„teetter w.es
foimallY . eitbniittidhis'Ahei.Directore of the.
tank, .
deierOwne4ihat
;POI
Seely ba*any'tliitiff to. sq,i,?: th9l l latt9',..
A long, =and 154 00 1V h4, c, 9tgrY , eorrf i s n
PoW
iiSnof,steit'Sid,t,fdi::oooSral JacicioufsitOti,
iPrt 4 i: 1 4 14;01.7, 0 16, bank , man ~4 0 0
!t?-qt* l bi tl, S l • 49 ,o,o:fi 4014,1010“..diff''
FEE
ME
406tt1-,--andAhuri,4 n4,,act - 0 ta , sp#cteor, ylitg,i:
*
thelaraiiiiiiteirtOlittle, tir-' - nEithing . , ...4t..1
Atitielese..of ihe,Wli4.-Alitt.;:epildtteltf;:er th e:-
eiriii4i o i;•.:viliof.:ifitl'hecenie.verr.:ntfich t
derangedOiet improving ; Ili.
.
•. . ,
sentee . the subject . le
,Oergresa;,,, In ‘ - hia
inegSeger;tieth ir1,14 a6trlSlB;he'd,Wehl
earP6o4oithc•ett_Pti'lo-jel.Alw.l er.
year second
lloiknf,d - in_ : 'United . States ,
Vat - ilierkpOrateff,':':elid' - Weill; - at: once, iii`te l :
op,e.rettetts::;*t. , ;... 40 '- 0 1: 11 iO4;; ; . "i, 1) ,8'.. P90i4 1 3'4
`tiitniSiiialiageeatinterliatisiireavoid'ably , 4.l
Abo_bank..-me,t ~;witli"- ; heaiy,...josSeitit. - .: it . i .
fuliilled its functions in providing a Curren
,!eY : 1 61- the 'whele;eo66 il l y , and !wittier :41.7.1
ing:the eight : - )ears . - of .•VreSitleiit. Monroe's_
-A d in iniS i ratio n i,ritir the„forir - yearinif ' ' P re . -
sitletit Adams', w w ere a il
; seriiiili eel*. A6d r newl . .deoire toleall at-1
' tentiati 'ie .-l a ;04i;,ticulaffaCt s .' `There wer e
1
I ieverel4rinditlatek Teri the ,Presidency'. t o
lauceeed -Me.'Menree.', -, Oeneral - Jackson,
Mr. Ailiii, MA,,ll;Crecif6fil,'.iiiif - 0e:Olay.:
1 None 'df 'theta received a'-titifficietit, number.
ef-‘,votEsitriri r the . .eleetors; to be -Chosen
President , ..... General' JaCksen .re shad the
l a rgest , eunib r er;of'anv , •4ot'.,the'-' , l - itause:of
' lie re entat'ves chose 'J
L'Q • Adams Presi
dent.. %From that. moment a fierce. opposi
tiOn was cOmnienced, against Mriltdains'.
ladiitinietretieti'.--,: - --1::d0 not.-propose ; to,„,dia-i
inas the characteeer conduct et this oppe-
Isition. 'r_ The facttof its' existence ikelltivt
I- I:. tivre r to_dti-with _nrturandAliet.: from- the
linauguration, in March, 18!5, to 'Mardi,
1829,
- an eppeiiiticiii,--diatieguished . terits
-remarkable -ability, -perseveranee . ,,and tilti!
mate-success; wait_ Carried:on - ander the ,
name 'and' flag . 'of - Oenerallackson. • ~.
- All othereandidaterehad disappeared:—
G eneralJackSow- was' the - sole opponent:—
end font years of betive,,migry. political
controversy ensued—during which ei'ery
topic of complaint - that . emild - 'be dragged
hike the--vortex was dragged in; and Jet
- Ibegispeeialfattention to Wait facinat
once - . duringMir four years', - controversy
did . :O.eneral.- 2 ,Jackseii _liiinself—,-nor_ any_
press in his interest-noranyof his friends l
in; pi:ingress or elieWhere, - raise a single
voice : against the condition of thecu.rrency,
or ;proporie'iaily clirige therein.: Of 'the
liondreda 'here, ~ porsibly, - who supported
Jae.kiteiOilit one dreamed that lie was se
. leeted-to put down- established institutions
and overthrow the currency of the country.
Who, among- all those - that in the- honeat
etnivietiOns of theiillearts, cried Ilurra.for
Jackson 1 - believed; or. - expected, or deSired;
lA:hat:he would. interfere with "the Bank of
' ,the 'United ',States, or deStroy the -circulat
ing medium of the country. _ . I stand here
-
upon: the, fact, and•defy contradiction from
any= quarter—that , there;.Wris•eo complaint,
. 'then, any- where,Ortlie -- 13aiiii - .1- -- TWre
nesr .wart; before; a -country of equal ex
tent,-where exchangesantleiretilation - were
•
carried on so.chearilY;;solciinveniently, and
so securely. General
. .14 . ekson..,.was'inau
gurated in March, ik6, 'and .proneTuneed
an upon that occasion, .whicli..l
heard, as ',did the oath:lie look to support
the. eonatitutiom ' - In: that addresS were enu
merated • vailons objects, 'reqiiiiiiig,' es be
said, Reform—but annong -them was not
the'llank .of. the :United ',,tAtraritok,ihe
out iVitliAbetlecleratiimf(than which',-none
.I -have,ever-bea:rdoittrprisect-mMtriore)-that
"the, constitutionality of-the lizinlEof - The -
United States,iiii*ld he well questioned,"
mulApt it had failed to furnish a conven
ient. and Uniform currency to the countrY. ,
..--What--produceil•-thirrirm f
cge-o-views4
Down to Marehi of-the same year,- nothing
of this sort was indicated or threatened.;;--
What; then, induced The change ?- (a voice,
from the - crOvrd said Martin 'ran Buren.)
If that be :m3, immediately rejoined Mr.
. Webster; it was the--prOduction'.of - mighty
consequences by a, cause- not at all propor
tioned: ; I will state in connection with,
and :in elucidation_ al, this anbject, - certain
transactions, which cont . :l6loo%e of _those
contingencies in human - affairs, where
-- 7 ,1. - - - -- -- - -
MEI
'i'l
l - r Qt was t i l t . f e bank r leli di'antl
'
'`at4&l•the 14quiretl scnieeeenoo-it3the
H tlictetioneef the.'rreakory. 4 ' !t,2-
TilElimeited.in OctobioB29,
rtinT in
Decendier we had ilie message, in tvhich,--
forthe first thimitlie bank was arraigned.
FTlietietireeltisi aPplication of the bank ,for
I le.iiietirtioratioli, the Patsagd of a iill'for
I 'that". ptirposuArtmg,h both Douses, and the'
a
' PreSiden,rito on it. The Bank of the
Viiited Statealleing finis• put dovinvernul
titude of nev State Banks sprung up, an d
neat-c a ne-'a law ; adoptitnriorne of these
1•' - N ti
. as - PPPostt9 Banks. , our,,w at I have to
iii.jrizeg,ard to -General. Jackson:in this
matter, is this : he said he could;' establish
, aiibtier'earreniy; and; whether spccessful
:er,llot - in this; it lit etleast to be said , in his
I favor rind praise, Oat he never did renounce
ilhe aligation'of thenideral
,Government
Ito die care of the'currencyu-paper is well
as metallic, - of the 'people. It was in fill.-
therance of this duty-„which ,he fell called
on to diseliargo, of '
.'providing a better
currency," that he recommended , the ex
elusion of small bills. Why ? Because, it ,
was argued, it would improve the general
mixed - currency of the country;'and, al:
though he did not as distinctly as,Mr. Mad
ison, recOgniie the 'duty , of the •Pederal
Government to provide a currency lor the
people, he.never-tenoyncellit, but, on the
contrary, in hiemessage•of December, ~'3fi,
holds this explicit language: ' .
"By-the use of the State Banks, which
do not derive their charters from the Ge-
iieral Government and are uot controlled by
its autliority,lt Is...ascertained that the mo
neys of the Uoited States can be collected
and, distributcd 4 withotit loss or inconve
nience, and that all- the wants of the com
munity in relation:to exchange and curren
cy, are supplied, as well as thef have ever
been
,befere."—[Message December 2,
1835.] - . - --- -
. It is not here a question whether those
banks did, or not effect the purpose which
Gen. Jackson takes so much praise to hiM
self of accomplishing through their agency
.---that of supplying , the country whit a
good currency-as they ever enjoyed. But
why, if this was not a duty of the Federal
G'uwerninent, is it mentioned at all? In his
- message in December, 1835, reviewing the
benefits! of his experiments on the , cur
rency, he thus speaks :
"At the tinio of the removal of the,de
posites, it-was alPted by the advoeates of
the - Bauk of the United 'States, that the
State Banks, whatever might be the,regu
lations of the Treasury Department, could
not inaliethe transfers required by the Go
vernment, or tiegociatolhe domestic ex
changes of the eenntry. It IS. 110 W \Vali
aseertaitiattlitilie real domestic exchanges
performed through discounts by the United
States Bank and-its, twenty-five branches,
were one-third less than those of the depo
site banks for an i equal•period of.time; and
if a comparison be instituted between Ahe
amounts of services rendered by these , in
stitutions, on the broader baais which has
been used by the advocates of the United
States Bankont''eatimating what - they con
sider the domestic' exchanges, the result
u , ;RAW: 'dig iihilitte distinct assertion, . that
through the state'banks liehas accomplish,
ed - trnitelii -eitfibliiTiiiiklii%good. currency
- andeliity exchanges, than has been done
by the Bank - of the United States. new
ever this fact , marbe, all this, I say, a
mounts •te an acknkiwiedgntent of •the duty
of-the.- General -- tioverranent; - rtint=rif -- ini
emanation IA the powers of coining money,
and as .the ''representative of that metallic
money, 'the exclusive power of coining
which' is' in Congress—to provide a uni
form 'currency. %
I contend for this principleohat-down
to the end of GOO Jackson's administra
tion, no administration of this country. had
turned their backupon this power: and I
now proceed to show ! by •exti acts from
Mr. Van Buren's leiter' to' Sherred UAL..
_Barns, to which, slue he has largely re
ferred to it lately, there can be no unfit-'
ness in my referring, that' he, too, admitted
the obligation of supplyirig_a uniform cur
rency and convenient medium of exchange,
which' he' thinks San be effected by the
State Depositellanks : '
" Sincerely believing, for the reasons
'wit ickbavelast _Welt/gated, _that_the pub.
_lie funds_may_be Im/safely, mulconveuiently
transmitted from oneportion of the. Union
to'\, anotber; that domestic exchangeircan
be as successfully andes cheaply effected,
rind 'the currency be rendered at least= as
sound under - the existing system, as those
objects could beeaccoroplished by means of
a National Bank, I would not seek a re
met! fo . rtleevilst o allude, vhichyou
sholidiieytthioriuoateiy.oecur,tiirotglsuctamedium,eveniftieconstituiiotm
objetiors,,wcrenotin the way."---[Aug:
Do 4enieebot the dbik of seperintend
ing• the currency, but thinks the. Deposite
Banki - of the sates under the control bf
Congress Cala effect 'the purpose. This
letter , was, written. "When Mr. Van
_Buren
was a candidate for-the Preaidene.Y. ..
Two months only' after Gen. Jackson
bad retired; and when , :liii--vigorouilhand
VS no long9ir there teuphold it, the leaguc,
or state banks fell anderumbledintoatoms;
eed %Web - Mr. Van' Buren had been only,
two moriths, President, he convoked a, ripe- .
, cial eerier! of Dongress for the enstting
September. : The emintry ,was in tide-
I apread confitsion-parillyzed in' its cont . .;
1 mel'ce- 7 its currency utterlY deranged
-What was to be 'done ?' WhirwoUld Mr..
-- IW - 10yren - recortamgr tlte coulilmot go,
'back to the Ilank-iif the United Ststes i for ,
he had committed himself against lit; con
- tatitutionalityyntir could - lieTwith any gresill
prospect of success, , undertake 'to reedo
beitiri' duer2henetl;raftred,ficandrtreit4lunrri;gbiitdfolLiti
confldence,.,in it. - yhat, then,,was 4o be ,:
done? 'lle conlil go neither backward
forward:`':'What did he do, I mean ,not
to epeak tlisrespectfally. but •I, Say. fie—
f sseaped! 'Afraid fto
te*
thefrugsnents of
tiebr°4il kt r ! ffil t tol3uchthel
StateeßanlfoldedPlisarmsami
Said—the Government bas' nothing to do
Wi.tlf.praitlittg a. ctirrency for tits, people: :
That I may do MID no wrong; I will read
- his ttlya liuguar. 'Ail predecessors -b d
HIS
204. to ex!
all said, y,le incit top] our haokii pop. this
offl4o4iirielli4Uniforni
`44 , reiti? , ,,i—hill'.lkutiusge. is, ,:W"OLtin'f/' - furii
our ba - eltp questiun.7lle:Pre7-
-posekniithing for th ,cou try nothing ter
the relieloicoinmeree;:or the regulation of
exchanges, but simply the.ineastof r getting.
money into, the Treasury without loss :
[From .1641 kis' e.].
.
-not the province of aoiernment
to- aid i ndividuals in the transfer of their
funils, , otherwise than throokh . the
Of the Nst Office Department. Andjust•
'ly might it be called on to prof fife fi.)V the
ti,msportation of their inerehandize."
, ..
- ... .
- . 4 .`1f;, therefOe'ililifraikftvlri- suggesting Co'citng:etti any specific plan fdrregulatl.
ing : tlfe exchanges of the curreucyrelieV=
ing,:tneicantile embartass,mentoor:-Mter-:
,ferinktiiith the.orilinarroperatiOnsof for
eign or domestic coMmerce, it is, from a
Conviction that _such are tnit , lV,ithin _the
cOnstitutipmil"proVirice.of :06:General:Go-.
ilerilea, and' that 'their adoption would:
noi - pi piote.tbel: real and permanent' wel
q
fareo hose they ittighthe designed, to iid."
. I . put it to. You; my friends, if-illis - .is a
statesman's argument..' You' can trhnspbrt .
pint ''' merehandiZe - ' yourselves, '.you. can
.-bhild-Ships , and-inake-your--o s ivii..wagons,-
inn can-you make-a currency l' .Cian you
say, what,slitill beinency,,,and - whaf shall
not lie.: money---and determine its' value:
here an - t!' elsewhere ?. Why, -- it - - - ivnidd •be
. as reasonable to shy, the people could make
`war 'for theinselves and
. peace for, thein- 1
Selyes i ._as to,hayAlial...-gley- may exereise-!,
this other,. not Tess" exclusito : attribute of
sovereignty; of making a • currency for
•
themselves.: He insisfs. that 'Congress has
ho.power to' regulate .Currency or '.exchati
..gesinone to mitigate,thh embarrassments
'of the.hfinntry+noffe to relieve its prostrate
industry.;,-and even if, the -Tiower.-diVe-x
-Ist, it would be unwise, in. his • opihion, to
exercise it !- - . --- --- - .L. . - . -• • -
•
'These ar - 6'the doctrines of the President's
first ritessage; and. I: have no Opinion of - it
now,' that I.did not_ theft...entertain. I de
- .
e - ire hot to - appear *lse after the. event=4.-
am not a prophet, nor' the son of a prophet,
and 1-ha - declare - tha t w he n I , heard - the .de-'
I clarations of this message, and reflected on
its'ennsequences,Artaw - , - or thoughtl-saw.,-
all, of suffering, 'loss and evil-that is now
_
beforaus.. . '',,-,, -7 ;. .
• tet. us — 'cOmpare thiit declaration with
that or one - i - tow numbered with the !nighty,
dead-of one, who has left behind a repu
tation excelled by that'aito other man. as
innlerstanding ,thoreughly the constitution
.of one _born - and 'craille&with it, - taking
_par( of its inception, and closing his p_uhlic
career by administering its highest-office—
I. need. not name' Janresliadison; - ' - :
In•-his Message to Congress in Decenl
- 1815—when the war liad . closed, and
the country 'was laboring under thh-disor
-dered-curreney
,Of that-periodi-the Presi
dent thus spoke;, 7
- "It is essentia to 'every modification o,
thefinarlces;.that the benefit of a"uniform
-natiOnaL:ciirreucy-should_be-restored to tiff.
. ~.,..,....,...,..ir-re ocurevea r bh a •ternporary
evil ; but Until they can be rendered the
.general medium
,of . exchange,' it, devolves
-- 0,11 - 147 W116(10 . 6 . 1. Of: Gimgress -to _prov ide = a
substitute, which shall equally' engage the
confidence, and acComtnonate. the; wants of
- the citiFens. Qtroughein the finien. If the'
Operation -of the state banks 'cannot pro
thieff.this...re.sulti--- tho-probable.- - operatinwof
a- Naticinal Bank will merit cohsideratiOn,'
ke.” . . ' • . ..- , -
....
At that session,_ CongreSS incorporated
the Bank of the United States, and .af the
next session, the President held this lan
guage, ' respecting_ the:
_currency- and : that
Bank: •
From Mr. Madison's last Message.
f' , For the interests ofn the•eornmu s nity at
large ; --as well as for the purposes - of the
Tretteary,.,it_ie._essentialy--that-the-nation
' sheida_possess-e currency-of-equal-value,
credit, arid .use, wherever it may circulate.
The constitution - has entrusted Congress,
exclusively,• with the power of creatirig and
regulating a
.currency of that description
and the' mei - Sures taken, during the. last:
Session, in execution of the power; give
every promise of success. The „Bank of
-the-United-States tas-_ - been - erganized - iin; - :
Aler_iiuspices,the- MOSt , favorible, and-Can-1
not fail to be an_important au?tiliariflo those
meseures." •
How that sounds no as an argument
•for the Sub Treasury! °'-Here-you have
setup ,a,doetrine vitally affecting the busi
ness and pursuits of the" country, fatal to
your families, and you must determine for
yourselves if it shall be the doctrine of
the country... But before determining; look
well at the constitullen-Weigh 'all 'Pre
cedent—and if naines and authority are-to
4opealed to, contrast those-of President
Van, Buren, with' these'of the dead Petri
arch,. whose.words I have jestriead to you,
and, decide accordinglyi----','-. • ' :
We-have heard mueh from the Adminis
•trationpgainst binilts and banking systeres.
I do not mean to discuss that , topio—but I
will itarAbar 'their tampering vvith thorcyy :
- Toney; and - c - oursolit'reatiniffollaratiriiere
titan all other. causes increased these banki.`
•Vati.Buren's meaSage contains
a fatalyrinbiple; one iltrigettrer • wrong--=.
=the Principle that the. Government has
nothing ,tcr,tio with providing d' currency
for the country, in other *anis proposing
a separation between," the. money of the
,Governinentl 80 the nioncy, of the.pepPle.
'This' isibp;great_errer---which cannot-hi,
compromised 'is susceptible
of no,antelioration, or.iiiodificatien,-or ,
medy, bu(the caustic' which Shall- tot*
Do not know that.here must always'
•bc bank_paperT—li there:a-man-bere - who'
eapectsihnt: he or children, or his'ehil;
dien'n, children, islitill)!lteo the day'. When
only gold coin glittering throogh par.
see ,will, bPille•qurren - Mdfiho'countfY. in
thoentirit exclusimovf bank' piit4sl - Not,
Mos. , : But it itr'Ngbliliglrict pfeveikinnt
to 'perffirtii AMA lhattnalistPlbeie hank
You heti, to' brew
YOrki. have soimdlbank 'paper; redeemable
incoin, prigif,yo,were surrounded_ by a
PhitiMee'VOl;` , it ha indifferent to
!ypu - whoher Otiviernment - locilied , 'after the
OE
eurreneko4 - imt: But ipta Nave daily'busl= .
ness rel bons Withpoaylv - dnia,.and , :With'
West,*'and:Eaat; and SOtith ; and.; You
lia - vea — ditebt llitetebt- that tbeii Chi:Colley
too shall be sound; for Otherwisel,the yery
superiority of yours is, to a certain degree,
an lnjuMand,Ass to you,:—siace,'you Pay
ih the 'equivalent of 'specie for what , you
buy; ad self for such money as - circulates
in the , states' with which'. you But
New c annot effect the general,resto
ration of the •carrency, nor any, one state;
nor' any nuiriher of states short of ,thp, wliole
—and hence.the'Auty,of the. General Go
vernment to superintend this intemst.,
'Sub - ,7'reasury Li4c). - ,
- • But Whatfdrie.s 'the: Still llieasury .pro
'pose 'lts basis , is , a separation of the con- .
ceititsibt.,'.the Treasury from those Of ;the
:People. ?The bill kovides o •.' 2
That there shall be provided in
.the. new'
Treasury kniltii,ng at 'Washington; zooms
for the. use:of:Ole :Treasurer;' an d fire proaf
vaultsTa.nd-lates' for the. keeping , . of'-the
public loonies; acid these; vaults and gales
are deelare& to lie".the Tr'easury..or the - U.
, „
.
_ • •
~ ..
That the" vattlts.and stifes of the Mint in .
Philadelphia, pod:the-Brandi] Mint at New
Orleans,
shall,alsO be .places for the depo
sit and bide keeping of the • publie:nionies,
and -that tlferehaWlie - fire proof - vaults and-,
safes:etaQin' the. CUstoni ; Houses. of Ne 4
York and Bosfon, : and in ,CbarleSton, South
'Carolina, and StAntis, AI issonri,:andthot
i
these also shall b p laces of deposit. ..
']'hat there shall bed Receiver General
at New York, Boston, Charleston, and St.
Louis.
the
'cream] retatif these Mints,
and the Receivers Gener,al, shall keep the
publie:MoneyWithout•loaning. 6r 'using it
until Ordered 'to be - paid 'out ; and into
,the
hand's of these Treasurers ' and Receivers
General, all colleetors'of public monies are
-to.pa}.whaf_they-receive4,- ." . =_:- -::: ' •-.-
That theresolution of-Pongress- of A Aril;
1816, he So far altered, as that hereafter of
all duties,' taxes; and-debts due . atulbecont-
ing_due -to Ille•United . :Stotes, : aftcr June,of.
this . year; one fourth shall be - paiti in..qpe
eie; alter-June of next. yeor, • one ;
after Juiic of ' 1842, three-fourths; anil af
ter June; 1843; all debts due the United
States, whether for :du( es, taxes; sales of
pitblie lands,,patents.,_postOges of- letters,:
or otherwise; l44 -shali..lbe_paid_inLgolti
‘ anil
silver only.":' '• , _ _ : ..- .
• That frolic - and after' - Ittne;l643,;:;.:czery
otheet and agent in. the Government, in
making . disbutsements..er . payments on ac
-count of:the-United State, shall make such.
payments to..gold and silter_coin only ; - . •
... Receiver' General - in New - York" to-be
paid:s4;ooo salary-theothers, each $2,500.
---I-propose L•to --say-ri Ifew•-_ ,weids__On_lliese
provisions: • In the first place, if. seems
very awkward to, declare --by,•law ,certain
rooms 'in Washington, and - ;, ( Certain Cafes
aturiaillts therein, the Treastity 'Of the U.
States. We bye .beeif necusttnned here-
Aerate to Took - Op:on' the - :TreasurY as it'De
p_artment/ of the Goiernment, recognized
by the constitution, which declares that no
money shall be diar,.,fi•oßtfte Treasury,co urse .-- of - law. - If play,
however. l u , ~,( 1. .h.e .
a question, whether any, thing 6 but theae
rooms and_stife s atlVaithiagton are not now
withdrawn froirkthia:ketectiiin orthe con
stitution. It is senseless.. It ia abliff - rd
It is as if Ate Legislature.- of . Ne'v York
should '.declate • thati„,nertain . ,desks'and ta
bles,'Ot a c'ertoitilarge room in : the United
States Hotel,' c.onstituted the__CoUrt fer the
TftilieitrorliarEFrOisin - ihe Tgiate °TN. e iv
-York. . ~. ..
„
What else - does' this bill do?.. It declares
- .
there - shall be cettain . vatilts, aid safes,.and'
room 6”. But it has not been for 'want of
adequate 'male, and safes,.and. rooms, that
we have lost-our money, but owing to the
hands to which we have trusteftthe keys.
It is . in the character of the officers, and vet
in the strength Of. bars and vatilts, that we
.must look for security of the public treas
ure. What-would -be- - -thought- in_npriiate
lifer-itsome-rich-inerchanti-1.-.1.--AstorJor
instance, should determine no - longer to,
trust.his - Money with 'banks and bank di
rectors, who, neverthelei3s, have a common
interest with him in upholding the. credit
and 'stability of. the..carrency,_and_ - _should.
build for ,himself. certain . safes,.aud vaults,
and keying placed his, treure therein,
skonld
iglit. apPly _for-the--ciffice-or
ireasurer v give,theikeys to. him who:Noiild
work the cheapest, lon might not, per,
hails; pranounte yon. Would
certainly .;t417- 4 -'he - acted-verfunlike J.J.
itstfir,' . 'Now what is true of private affairs
is , especiallY true of 'public affairs, and what
would be absurd in.an individual.is not-less
in a government. What is doing in Bos
mew-where+ belcing?:-thereTile-bankirtliere'-i
-resieetablc;.:2'specie-paying;'''. trust-worilly
hatika,vmenaged by prudent .and, discreet
men—and-yet- the- treasure' eff 4 thecountry
i's'witlidrawn ifrorn the keepint of-those,
institutions,, with a:capital . paid, lit- of , two
ruillionelottlellars and locked up in , eares_i
and vaults, and olie'ol the PresidenVa po
litical' friends' fiotit aninher State, 'sent
for to come 'and:keep the . key. There •is
in his case ps,preliil,enktu,watelt.the:-cas h ier, no .•
to` WatCh the teller,. and no
directors ,to,Overlobk and control
responsibility is Vested in .;one
man. • Do you believe that, if under' such
cireumstaiaces, the United States, folloiving
the 'example of individuals, were offer
o receive private - funds in deposite in,such
a safe, and :allowlnterest on them, they
'would be , entrusted with any . ? There are
no= securities
keeping the public
many
that we had not-,
before, while_ that did exist, in the
ereenal,cliarecter,lighltrUsts r antr diverid
lied interests of the , officers and directors,
directors,
;of banks are removed. - Moreover, the,
number-Of-feeeivit % and tlt `sbursm titers,
is increased; and. in irrdportionls , , the -den
`ger to the • public!treasure increased :_ ?'the
next proVitnortis, that money mien reeeived
into the. Treasury is, not• to •be leaped put;
and if this law is - Ali-le:the Jot"( iheTteed,;
for Alingertnis indeed Avoiii4 be, the teenit:ei
'and perniciOns '•the consitiluencese,if
these treasurers . ,:-Werptu l te left ~ .al:libertY
to loan,, out, andparty,issecia tea,
the .inonies drawn front , people: '.'.N et
the .- pf_iteot. of - this geierinlient,hitheito
ME
I=
inti Elli
ES
,'has-always been opposed; to this policy of
'belting, up the monies of the peoPle, when
and while it is not required , for publie4sar.
vice. Until - this time the PUblie deposites,
like, private, "!leiciosites; were. Med' by the
banks in Which they : wete plaeed, as, some
Compensation fore: the trouble of safe-keep
ing and-in furthekaiie:Of- the. getters(' con
venieuee. W, hen; i'n. , lBB`4,•Gen: Jackson
formed tile., leagne: of the 'Deposits State'
Banks, they Were speciallidirectcd.by
Taney, 'then Secretary Ot, 'OO . .CtellBPstr; to
use the public funds 'in AlisCoiinti for the
aceommodation of the husinesi of the cettn-,
try,
..And,why.. should : this Jecit--be- so
The, President now 'says,,if the monde: is„
kept itt : hatika'it: .Willbe used Iby.'.thein
discounts, and they , heitOfit:
therefrom. hat-thoti ?•Is it a sufficient
'for (tern:tiling the . coinmunity. of .a
benefiej'al Meastire, because thebanks; thpt%
carry' it out : Will, alSotneasureably-AoriVe
some benefit . 'frciiti 'it:, 2 ' The litteaticin - bl,'• •
will the public tiebOnefited Vzntrif.this be
answered affirmatively ; no barlo Say..
thin. the Banks will too. erhe-Govern-
rtint is not to play' the part the i dog: in
the manger: ^ The doctrine altogether
pernicious, opposed to our . , experionce, and -•
AO the habits andbitainess of the nation'.,..,
The next
. provisien . . is that•regniring,
after-lkllgialldues'to-the-government shall .
be paid in gold 'and. silver.and Itow.eiOr on
crops or injurious this provision, his to be
' that tbn
. goVernment.can if they
choose, enforce . it. - They have, the power,
and as good citizens, we must submit.; • But
such a practibe will be inconvenient, I will •
Bay oppressive. I-low are those Who•
etipy- three-lourth - S of -the 'stt . rfaco of .the
nited.StatOs to comply with this .provi- 7
. .
sion?, ' Here, in coMinerela neighborhoods
and in large cities, Alm. difficulty will be
less;. but where is the man who is to teke
up lands in ,the Westetu States.totet4i'pa
cilidW transport it? The banks around
pay bone—he gets none for'his labor: and
yet, oppressive‘ as all this is, I . ailmitpthat
theAlovernment have rigttr.to..pass• such - i
faw, that white it is a law, 4..trtust be obey . -
ed. • . -
But. what are we pioinised as the equiva-
•-•
.
lent for all - this Inconvenience and oppres- •
sion Why,,that the CovernmewLin its
.hinrwill.pay its_ slebts. in Specie,. antl_that:
tvltat it receives 'With- one iiand, it Will ,
pay:out:Witlitlie - otherand,a-itietallio_eir7
reulation undertake ---
to, say . .that no greater fallacy than this, was •
ever 'uttered ;, the thihg. is impossible; and _
for . _this ,plain. reasen. The dues -which
governinr vcollectS, come from
als,Teacli . pays for: . hilinseff.• Ilut it is . far
otherstrise - with. the - disbursements; of dor
'`-ertitnent._; They _do. not_ge__downtei
- vidu.ais, 'and, seeking Lut•the workinen and •-;,-
the laborers, pay to,eath his dues: - Gov- •
nn largc'sums - rto'large con- .
t e r r ac iei
tor i sL i rid s -t in o.these 'they, pay gold and' .
silver; -Rut .do the gcild•anit silver'-reach
-theSe wlioni Alio contractor - employa ? On
the contrary, the . contractors deal es they _
see fit with those whet'''. they eniploy,-or
of .whom they purchase. The •Arnik, and
olodictlzby:contraet ;_.
.1... wwv ! aa OusIIAMI
Houses, your. fortifications,-for . the Cum
berland 'Head; alt . far oilier - public - ;Works„ •-•• •
are all suPplitebre - ontract. • -Large 'con
tractors flock-.to' Washington' and' receive •
their tons of gold - fintt-silver ; but do they ._
carry it with theta: to Maine, Mississippi,
Michigan, or Wherever-their residence and
,for depreciated paper, the .con-/ •
tractor tbi
added premium; and_paYS off those he cities -
in, depreciated-bank holes.. This is nat . an
imaginary case. .1 speak of wind is . in
proor,......A_contractor - came - -to-W / rithington'
last'Whtter, - and received a draft of $lllO,-
000.• on a specie-paying bankin'New York. '
This he sold-at 10 per cenl. 7 premiuin, and .
with the avails p.urchascOviltli..cat..meney,'
.with 'which haxaid ;the producer, the far-__
thirlab - orer.7l. TOR'
meat hard• money; to the. rich contractor . •
hard money; but to the producer arid- the •
laborer it gives' paper,. and, 4 - ad:Paper only,:, A - .
and yet this/System'is recommended ea . ?'
specially - Tfavoring --- the -- poor - pari;Tilither
than' the'•ficb,.and credit is . claimed for.this•
Administration isAlte„TpoorLmates-friend,_.-
Let us look. a little pare.:nearly*ai.thia mat.' • •
ter; and see-ivliom; in Huth;=it dace favor
.
-W ho•are,,the. rich in 'this Comity ?..!_-_There
is' very, little hereditary wealth..ameng,:us
large. capitalists Sro-;,notAftufferouri,---:•
int - Sante' thereare, neVertheless,•wlidlive
upon the- interest of their money, and these
certainly 'do,. not:suffer by this, new- doe- -
trine; . : for their revenues are rendered more
objecti" 'of-living are . •
iedneetrin' valife: -- There is, the__ money, • .
*Adel', toe, "who'snffers nor by, the . redue-.'
tiini of Prices tilltirOurid: •
:are ,tlie, iit . thiS"..cOuntrit ?. - -•Why,•-the
holders of ()Pee. He who has a . ,fixed saln-* • •
ry, of from 2500 teso o okfiiidoprieescal; .
ii6-Lbut-Ldoes-his-salary , •-fall-?--On-the
i
contrary, three-i
now -psyches!). more; , titian, the ,whole
,of
pirchase',beford: auff
is fat tlieseti4`heil: iviiiiihis new j aw .
• Thgre. is; too, another clasi 'of our7feV,_
low-citizens wealthy. men, 'who haie
pered, during the last- year, 'end thek hate—
prospered, when , nobody 'else prospers.-
1' mesh thirowners of
S hipping. What"is
the reason? Give Me a reason, Well,l- . ,
.will give you one, The • shipping..pf
country carries on the'foreign and domestic
trade-;4lieilergar 2Vessels
Elie trade7 --- ': - -- - Nbw i why have:th
been Successful I answerlb,r elt.-
tunplp. I live :on the -. sett:;cmtst
England, and one En,IT inifrOt
isthe largest ellittty_ner, Prehably,,
441
V4_,80415. n
has ,flisde, ;what *,,m for., two,,er
three fortiineit'aed aide
i sendi• :his .;ishipS, 4o,•Alabamai Loubilina,
take-freights of cotten,-- 2 .,
This staple., whateier-the.:priee,:ahr4i4
&re ' ,25 `11 1 1:t the',,.'
'captait.;to:
forinstance, where ,iikt 9 i#Alokir 1,04 ott?rett
n depreeiattitt,eoo6o: (4. ' 41 ,0 1 4 16 n i;
and a ys for: thetnr e 'br': bill
3Vhielt:ho:lolo.;# 4l3* Ye tZ'preMiUM:',
___Beit'itt"ence s 'as beLseen,-he'tett`his
'r .:: e, 3
111