Miley be fbund adequate,4s - shall be most gen
' • tle and mild. Thg.great tßastire; sir, is a bank;
• because a bank: isnot,ool.l able to restrain the
excessive issues of State,' banks";, hut it is able
...'also to . furiiiiih for Ihe:country. ii-Currency.
of
universal
. credit;:atiir.
.iiniform
*is the gi ant desideratum. Until and' . aturren
cy is established; depend. on it, air,- what is,. ne.
' cessary for- the • prosperity of-.the -. .0t03'.-C 4.1 !
/Miler be, aeciamplished, ;
On.thel:queStion of Rower, sir, : welitive;ii very
important and striking: protledent:..,
- • The members of the .Senate,..Mr4resident
• will recollect:Alm controVersy, 'hetWeett.!-Neu
York and her neighbor Stitesififteen oralicteen
• 'years ago; upon the -exclusiveright : . .Of steam'
• navigation. NeW, York had:granted tin eichtsiVe
:right of such navigation over her waters - to Ate
F u lton-and-his:aisticilites;_tindsleatted,Jiyiatv.
that 'no 'veSsel propelled by steam- - should, navi.
. g-ate the North,-river, nr,the':, Sound - 'without .
ficeiise from these "grantees,-. under penalty. ,
confiscation: • ,
•To counteract this, WV, ' the Legislatnie"ii
New Jersey enacted, that if any citizen of hers
• should be restrained,,, or'injured; 'persomun
property, by any party acting. under the law of
New York, such citizen shogld have rented};:
her courts, - jf the • offender 'could:, be - - caught
territor}', : jant{-shoidd-he-entitled-,,,i0
- 1 treble .dainages and ' - costal,TNeiiJeiSe - Yr_elilleil
a
this act liite.ofielorti - onritaififinstified - .*Mrke
• gencral ground of repri4nle:
On the other:side, :Connecticut took fire, and
:is no steam boat. i ould come down the.-Sound
from New YOrk tek Conneetieut,'Or'passnp,from
.___Connecticitt,to_tiowYork, without a-NsttirKork
license, she - en acted
'penalties were impoied.On all--whe.ahould -pre , .
sumeto come into her ports and harbors; having
any sycli license. .• ' •• •
Here; sir, was a very harm6Pious state of corn-
Mercial intercourse! a very promiaing condition
of things,,intleed! You could-not gut from New
Ytirk to New Haven by steam: nor could - you
gu fromlskw-- VorkAto- New —Jersey, without
transhipMeni: in the bay. And n w; sir, let me
7 - 7 - rentind-the-country,--tfiat-thistelligeraiit legis
lation of the States concerned was justified - and
defended,' by exactly the same arguments as
'_ Hide which we have heard in thisdebate::• E.t•
ery . thing .which has been said . here, to prove
that--autho'itty to replete commerce does'
not include: a power to regulate currency; was
saidin that case, 'to prove that the Same - m . I.M.
rity did not include' an ,exclusive power over
• steamboats cirother inems7of_navigation 'l do
not krihw a reason, a suggestion,' an,,iilea,.whicfi
has been used in . this debate, or which was Used
in, tkie' debate in' ~ S eptembert . Or. show. that
CeligTes4 111 1 9 hopo4 ,. er to control the currency
of, the coutnii.tand make it uniform,' which was
• not used in this steamboat controversy,-to prove
that the authority of this Government did not
mech.:the matte!• then in dispiite the
forensic diseuiSionaliiNeW York! , • Look to the
- argument in the court-here! You will find it
--- , -,every—whcre—urged--tliat:-mv:01/4i—tioes-nbt
come within the:. general idea - of .regulating
• commerce; that steamboats are but vehicles and
instruments;:, he — power - of - Congress -is
..general, and general only ; and that it-does' not
Lexicntl-to,agentsail - instrtiments„
And' what, 'sir, put' an end to this state of
. things? -What stopped these 'seizures - and con ,
, fiscations ? Nothing . in the 'world, sir; but the
exercise of the cOnstitutional_power of this Go:
-vthinnent: Nothing in the world, but tlfe,deci
sion of -the Supreme Copia that the p,,ewe of
•(!ongress ? to regulate - cot - Amerce Was paramo un t:
, that it overruled any interferink.State:lawstand
that these acts of the did interfere with the
acts of Conkress rentiotqd7under its clear and
• constitutional authority. • 7
- , As to the extent of theu-power of regulating
- commerce, allow - Me to quote a-single sentence
from the opinion of one of the learned judges
of the Supreme Court, delivered'onShat occa.
Sion; a ,judge always distinguished for the great
care with which lie,g,uardecr State rights:-
. lnean Mr. Justice Johnson. 'And when I have
read it, sir, then say, if it does not-confirm ev:
- cry word and syllable which I have uttered on
session: "In the advancement of society," said
the judge, "labor, transportation,- - intelligence,
care, and various means of exchange, become
commodities, and enter into commerce; and the
_.:_-_subject.:_the_vehidea, the agent, and ther e &c lout
---- :operationn - hecotne - the objects of coitunc, eta! regu
lation."
.
..These just s entiments prevailed.. The deci
sion of the'.court quitted the dangerous contro
versy: and satisfied, and 'I will adclgratified,
most highly gratified, the whole - country.
Sir, may We not perceive at the present-mo
- ment, without being_stspected_of looking _with
eyes whose sight is sharpened 4y too much ap.
prehension = may we - not perceive, fill., in What
is now passing around us, the possible begin.
, tnings -.of another controversy: between States,
which may be of still' greatermoment, and fol..
lowed; if not arrested; by — still more de_plotable
consequences? - -Do we see ti7fild - n - ger,
di dis
turbance, no contests'allead?..Sir, .do wernif
behokL.mtcited - COmmercial-rivalship,-evidently
• existingbetw.eensreat States and great. cities?
Do we not see an:rmulous competition for trade,
external and internal.? . Do we not see the par
tiea.cnncerned.enlarging amid proposing to en
large; to a vast extent, their plans of-currency,
evidently. in, connexion with'- these objects of
trade-and- commercel-Do-we-not-see,the-StateS
themselves becoming: deeply interested in great
- --bankinginsiitutione Do we not kno'w that, al,
-ready, the notes and bills Of soiriii - Slafe - s - iirE
• prohibited by law from circuhtitigin - others?
Siri_AvilEptisliAllatte_questlonsitolnr_thert
• but i tell you that it was exactly such a cri.
as this—for this very crisis-rfor this idetiti.
•cal exigendy now upon its—that,tltis Constitbtion
was. framed, and this Government established.
And, sir, let those whosexpect to got civet-this
crisis Without effort - and withoutaCtion, let those
whose hope it is-that they may be borne along
• on the tide of circumstances andlavorable oc.
• currences, and who repode in the denial of their
r 'ouit poWericand - theieown reaponsibility—iet all
such look well to the end.
. .
For one, 1' intend to clear' myself froin'all
blame. I intend, - .this day, to free myself of the
responsibility of consequences, by-warning - yq
of the danger into which • you are.conducting
OPT:public affairs, by Urging and entreating yo
do new urge and entreat you, by 'invoking
•you„as i do invoke-you; by your luxe. of coon;
try, and your :fidelity. to, the Constitution; to
.
abandon all untried - elpedientsvto put nth-tritst
and eontriyance;ThilOredone - Pl4ll,
projects whill alarm and' agitate the People; to
seek no shelter from obligatiOnlandAtity; but
with manliness directness, and trite' WiStlom,:.to
. „
apply to the vils of the times their proper ;•re
inedy., - That'Providence7-iMiy -guide the - coun
try to this. end, before' even greater diSaitirs
and_calamities overtake • us, is my• most ferent
Mr. President. on :'the stibjezt 'of. the • power
of Congress, ati.-on• other ithriortant'—te.
pica, • connected with the bill, the honorable
- gentleman from South .Carolina has advanced
pßiniOns,' of 'which 1 feel bound to tike, some
That honorable gentleman' in..bis — receitt
t,pec,¢l4.aticmpted to exhibit a contm?t,betWeen
the course hf •cOndttOt*hi*fi l .antl 'otfierg6i,•
• tleme act Nay InVi , pre'sentY.Pursne3. a nd
that which';we have beret
presething,."this;contranr;..lM.iaid,dm,)ntendod
nothing-, yersdnah- ,, :tda' 'ottik•'.'olll'et - 7 - •was':•:truth. ,
• TO - this. I . ' occasion, re 4:
quireK sir, '
,'that:lshtinld now examine his opiii
ions; 'And I Wm, that,l Fiedit
nothing perSonally lopir:ens,
' ject, also, is truth, and .nothing else: • 1
• might tinfCbdt . something more.
U is now five and twenty yeafs, viifotnee I
. . .
became acquainted with:the honorable gentle.
man, in the House of Representatives, in which
{le had held a seat; I think, about a year and .1
halfbefore , , L entered it, From that pitied, air,
dOwn:-.td.. the 1k;ar . ...1 . 8 . 24„1 can says; :wit h great
Aticerif.Y; . _llierei.:-WiaNiht :I`tiliting , Inv politic:it
ctindeinptirariei, , tinV . -. 3:64nfOrwhOM: (i e n , te . r !a i Iv_
•ed , a . biglier,respeet,WwaisitetVO'fiteeiriV',. iWheh
ur'.fltstlT)o p , , we:li!piehcitic:.,V.tinn,gmen'', , ;l: be ,
b'elditvhini.4:,.ilei.94,.'Cliiiraeter, , allbertd and
Coinprehenaive,:-Mind,.';'ingriiSaexl";!)y,...gipit',.oli . : .
.idets,:distitignislued: i taleat, - ,...!:tidf.dr. , oo,tictilarlY,,
great' OrigiriatitY:tuid vigor of th olught.:::',lll hat; 4e•
was, aMbitions, - .. I. did not ..' doubt i„l . ) . .ilii . thai., tho:f., .
wits . 14 thing.m.diii ambitiOndoW,or_Sairdid,A}t,
'llidg:utpii . rodellingAoTalo,4 ..kif . 'Alie • rnere : loavea
and ftshea:Of, - 61110,,: , i 'did net:therilueliey . e; Ind
to •;not , ;now, 7 brlieVe.,.... i f,;',,, fiAitit :.,i , hr4,-. , ..inp.TPepi.
.loWn•to.thedinie,l IfaVe:Ajreitdyna t ei,ttleirdedij
differed, with . ..lii'm . en.:,.d.U . ,•*grericeinulAthttinda,
qitestiOn,. I do not )thoW:*, ~ ... ; e:, '' - ',;...••.. 1 ,.:::,2..,..;-' . ::
'Hut,, in, 1824; , :_iyetita,Weld kOn,i'v.it,.th,:the,Sen;'
ute:separateil us: :anti
0 4.g00, n 0 9h -
raiii64;
wiiii , tiid•Lro:o;, until endof,tliereiniifa,,
:de session whichtic;•yli'relui„l43?.,
With'the:events - inf ihai;ipsslem;' Mir,OcCisions
',uf 'differenee :had , ecatued: ::,certainly; fur •'tlie"
tinrei:Tand; . :is:l , :aineerelk.:hiirifi - Nr. - orever;Lrie
fiit:e ;. tire next:meetineorCliangresSi: tiTe . public
deptisite% had. beem.:.lremoVed'freorrilheii - lawftd
qiiutotly . by - ,tiic Fratdoi4:*)telifidittlor,tl)iii.:z , x'=,
excise T .of•-tlie-RxeetitiVe...pp:Wer;,,tiliellioneradde_
gentleman:: and - :tn . y . SeltientertantCil the , same
opinions r t und; in regard'An'snbaleqdenc,tranSa -
tions•connected.?With.ithai:„.and•grOuyinetitit of
it, tbere-,viiisnOl.;:ao.• . far tua I.low•i:any . 4iftim-,
en ee hetnreem it s:,_,
,Ve lOWed .- .0 pcKall. these
proceedings-,-lintaa,-ao.,:Miany,:.:.effol'ls...thskfe In
thd - Exectithie::an. tnicoigtitntionOContior Oiler,
the public rrtopeyii./litliOtight: . WeaaW;'every
where, preleiantf..,a,ilealg}f,':toAte:infEk•eciiiilN
atithOrity, not2,7;only . :)n..derogathin ,of • th e, just
pOwcra of...Ctingress - ,', ,, bqf . ,to.:;,the 'anger or
the ; public :liberty...: NV ..., Aet:cd: •:tiagetlicric. to
plied; theac.designit;and . j.O '41:• - retit the:Mareh
of . .Exeenti" . ,Prerogaliver•aint'dorniliki •n. 2.. in all
g ...,_.
t4is,, 'We w - c bpiAci.;ciperqting.Witik many:other
gentlemen,, her :::anti entle• withfa largoand: intelli.
gent, p cirf i - rm - ,,0r ttre'.-wil °lettblip t i), , ,, :_:,.•'_.-..•-'_',.: ,_::' :....,
:The. - unfOrtimate', results , of thesd•RiecutiVe
Interferences, ..witlt-`• fife. nturreney : had Anatle,an
impression on - the public .m . nnf, '4,•revOluttiOn
seemed:in,ProgresS .andithe People: were. corn
iaTiii-their. atreitiliTrisWelfe - gair . terthink, 2- do
support us and our principles.: .. ';;:,- :... 4 . ., . • - '..
• • In th is state of -thinik sir, we met lier ,
at the
commencement of the Sc Member session: butt
Fwe.met, not as W had clone; wotrifet not as we
The-e,ients of May, the policy o!
the Presidentin reference' to. those eyents;, - , tlic
cloctrihes . : Of ille,Messatte oe.§epteinher, • tho
principles , 'and opinions honorable
gentleman,,both - to my stirlirise .. inalAci'My infi
nite regret, 'carne forward then to - iiiPport, ren•
•clered - it - quite imlib4ble - forus to act-together
i fora single:momebtlonger..l'o the leading
doctr:iies _Of . ..that Igessiige, antFtti. : : . the'.policy
..ndiich ' it. recerannerkled,J_felt,land.LitilLfeel,A.
deepictinscientions and- irreconeilable'ciPptisi
tion. The licinorabiej-e»tleman supported, and
stilt-suppor - t - b - tith.._.frefeT.thenTrWeTrart". --- On
these questions.of c onstitutional" power and du=
cS;;;__*i_o•Lcuttlieksi momentous - tide - tionS)or watipm
al
ple is the . Space 'width dhitlei :tiod• so de - eji
does touching even the'iery
foundation 4 of Alin _GOvernnierd, that, •oil.itte'ic
ing the time oT)ife to wllielCwii,boili•ha.'el.'s!.
.114 .not: probable that we are to meet
. 1 Say this witli,unfeigned: and deep
woulkmoSt gladly icot
with . the liottorable: - . 'ginitlemaM if he _would
hut come back, now, to what I consider. his form.
erprinciples•and sentimen(s t if he-would place
himself, on those constit utional doctrines' which
he ha sserre,s
audit*, thus standing,:lie . : would : exert his ac •
knoWledged ability to restore the - prosperity - of
the country, and put an encl to thy. nitschiefs of
reckless ex perinients and •ds ngerous innovation;
-.4-Would not only- willingly 7 adt WitTh him,- I
. .
you'd act under Lim; . 1 would
‘voalctSupport him; l would back
. him, at every
step to Alm jutmost of Jpy .... .vw . pr
Such is not to bo, put!' destiny,. e hat destiny
. .
that we here Part,. and t all can Sti)k.'further
that lie carries.with him the swine feeling of per- .
sonal kMdness. : ott -- my pprt, the -sinus hearty
goodwill which have •hevetofore inspired me.•
fieFe — TiVe Ahre - e7principal - occasions;
sir, on which the honorable gentleMan.haa ex
pressed his opinions upon•themue,stiona now nu_
der . discussion. They are, -his. Speech of the
15th September, his published letter of the 3d
November, and his leading Speech at, the present
session. These . prodtictions - are all' marked
with his. characteristic , 'ability; .they are inge
nious, able; condensed, and striking 'They - de=
serve an answer.---To-sOmeAf—the.observationa
in the speech of September; I *Made a reply. on
the day of its delivery; there are other parts 'of
it,. however, 'V.:hidh require-a more-deliberate
examination, ,• •-" 's
.
:= 5- Mr. -- Tresident, -- tlte — lionorsible - AeotteriTMOle
clares iri that speech,- "that he belongs to. the
State rights party; that iliat party,.from the be
ginning of :tile :Goyernmeitt - has been oppoSed
to a national
_bank asiinconstitutional; inexpe;
client and dtikerbui:'
that. it,
- ha
s ever dreaded
the_union: of_the .
moneyediiower,
and the 'central action of the-.GoVeriiment, to
which it so strongly tends; that:the .00lpraion
of the Government'With the bAnkp,' Wheiher• it
he with a - combination of Witte banks, tir with a
national institution;
the_iistem 'at the-prhiPPaliloint of
collection ;and diOirsernelit; . .and - at:Whiat.the
rim the hati le r or the.,lied&of tl 6 , leLikti'e v ti r State
'nraiks, mdst thatTPoitif; - the
wltole:systewthroagh - Alle -- coniteiloiy Witivt
Government; will be. enabled- to'conlrol : the :#x;
changes.both . at home and'abrob4;'tina..;Witli,' - .it,
the commerce, foreikn
exports and.impoits.' .
Now, Rir, this cOnnexionlietween Odvernment
and'• the banks, to vilii-11 . .he . iniPittes'site.h
Chic ous consequences;:he des . 'rilies.to - lbe
receiving. and paying- away..their eit.sh:Aitlkilie
use df
„the' public money frotifthe- time.!orthe
ollection.to the diSbursement..*::, - ;:.,: -
,
. ...
com _ . .
Sir, if -! . ... - tlearly. prehend , : the .. honorable
gentleroan,-=he-tneans-. : .tio-itiore,, , itfter;_9l,_:.than
tills; that; ',while ` the-, public = revenues, , a*44
lectg,cl; as heretofore; through_ the banks; tifeywilt
lie . in the banki betweenlfie.titne Of. etilly . etiPij
arid the'titnc of - difiblirsement; i that,..dtl'htng.Aliat
period;they will be regarded as tine*ht:ofithe
meatts:OLlntsiness: and of . diSh.onO'posiessed . lii
thethankiraml-thitiriftrtatrenrOthinid! , :the
revenue iwzilleated m llirbe cities.hatiAditnall
ones, -these largeeiti;is . wi11;,,, of . enuree;!'ilakihe
greitei, benefiC-tir)n.tifo - • small Onealfrinn these
dapositei in,the hanks.^.; in.otherWiirds;that, as
ilie-hnporting tine lianiiiihiCgieat. City intytinore
,intiealcoovertinient than .these.in' ail:n4l'6*.
40 they ~ l e njoy att ,. .adynntage . to he :.,.;deriyeti
rrotiTTlint-Pse—whiettle.:.hanks - :_nuty'maki.".:_ol:
these -, moneys;--:)whae,;•on c dePosite:. wth:'Aheh . i.,
Now; sir,' I would be very: glad' to knoviiiirr
pining all this to be: true;; What- there is .pi it e l ;
they t ! ne g tial or urijiist! - ..,..Theiieneht id exactly
in proportion to the amount Of .bPsineSa, and to
Vie simlL.o7o7,7lfinittrithialicinlargireltl.4:eif.z.
jay the incidental more rnoney;.itia..sint
ply , : beeauSe .64. pay; more. money ! Itla' like
the chedit •on - duty. honds.: ',Whoever imports
goods with the benefit of giving bond.for dn.
1 ties,lnstead of iinakingspresent payment, 'enjoys
A certain - benefit.' and this henefit;,io'iithhect
sense, is .int; proportion to the amount' of goods
ito p ort ed - . 7 . the. large i tn p oiler 'haiing - t'.redtt: for
a- large .sforn;'' thesinall importer :havhig - credit
for sritaller:inm: . !Bnt the . atlv ntage,. the bea4
eft, or th'd indhlgenOe c " or-.WI divot. ri ve rail ;it,
isl.7pehertheless,_ctikely. Opt AO iippartial, ~.
i t ifth
..„fitiir -- : tlien . '-does',:trie - call lion ,- otove6 - iii
threiigl i t the b ' Ainlia . 1 101tralliWit!, o.ficti,iiii.of the
commercial .i'sterii? sderns to Mei, sire the
cause is mistaken for the effect:'-: The greatest
amount of revenue :is_collectecl in 'the greatc;t
city, because it is already the_gteatest tilt lit^
cause its local adVantages, its I population, its
capital and enterprise,. draw busittess - fOwards it;
'Rinstit(Lte it a centrafphint in
,coMmercial ppe
ratidilae:and have made' it the:greatest ety. It
is'the cinti.iliition` ,. ,"Miflinfirere;iiy these jti',l
and iliroper)t.e:attienattse.ihthich.nmst , always
,e :Onntri . • w hich hifgcl
Vanted;:iilliiva,t tifore,lfinta;'in:•pladei
of;': ificidebtitf bentfii, -
inlifst6jA•ops'?rtimi - 'to'the;'amitarne,briZipifil'l;3'
Rliem e'Mfild.xe . rftifidt`
,
o,lkEtitpiro ";i4r.i . it is two'
every—cb,iiiitiritiiiii-' , illiiir :pine
- orlifevv . ,OltiCeSe4l.offlll2 7 6.teal ‘ feti'd.:dr
Gtin Intaliess iroportatiO:c
e e ip jyatnral.htivittlit s ipT_/..:4 11 0
hat .41 ) , (5 §6' .
~ ip 1.0"o?
pfag:ittalead '9l*. r bojim. siltiOatis,.-It:is , iiiiptei•
for . Atli nontotioni kriocf',Of , al ;
h'ibm .::e.omMerciiiiVefniiiirititi , ?4otnetentral
poifiteforitle:i4taliekollificle ; ;%boV'ejmnietit
by. the: - .lldifibygrff:
'Surely; -Ski,' it rivicitlikt . be'ln-vertf - Strangeinitl:iinle.
ferfaibloPOfity
fitent tfi;
the: Cousiti,y;fromuseful'Otkplcij"tkent,•fnerelv
hecatied
behefilAnopcirtionatelyi;:tlkivinfld'not. enjoy, it
with; 'flatne abiolitte tnatheniatical
eOnCetitration e. :.ftrising frorft
depositing . ..the.reveTinfeji - Let us-rim
lobk"ito' tile•otlier .pare - nf..the: . connexion;
the;reifihjng , of bank Mite's' for..dnties. s llovi in
the.world,,lcloc&.this'i,'Ci.riteplize". 'the corriiner
„systeni?
. I*.he.,'iidinle tendency and effect,
is it„sedms,to is'cliVectly . the , ' other way. . ' It
. .
. . .-
counteracts eentralizabbO. ! t gives all possible
advantag6_tolooal ctirrCney_antl'lticalpayments,
and Aereby.:enconrages both imports and ex
ports:'. It . tends-to, inake ; lolcal.inoney good elle.
fy.Wll:ere.,: 'lf goods..iiiiqted into Charles
ton, the dulltl .rk dharleston• notes
NO York notCi - nre'not r tlCrnapded, Nothing,
I certainly, can be fairer or mOre' equal than this.
and nothing. more- faVorable to, the tharlestOn.
impotTers - . —,--- • . . •-+ -
• :But liow would ibat system Worl4 which *the
gentleman hinistif proposes? -* •
, .
I f-his-plan-cold-prevaii r lie-would-inve4lie
duties, collect 4 either in specie; or inn Govern
ment.„paper' to • be isattecl- frOin -tha'Treasary.'
ile would - 'reject', 411 bank notes Whatever. If
thelentleinan,.sir, fears centralizatkin,,,l am as
.that he does 'not see' centraliiatlii . in
all it>i terrors in this very proposition of his - own.
Pray. allow Inc . to ask, sir, wltere.will this Gov:
erfinterit- paper, in: the 'course ()fits issue and
circulation,_. naturally-centre?: ,_To what -points
will .it tend? Certa inly; MoSf :certainly,' to - the
greatest:- pciintsi - of-eollettion and - oTenditneef
to Abe ; _very. heart 'or the ••metropolitan city;
bin asrthe--fall-of:writer -Or the results of .attrac
tiont - :If two-thirds of the, duties be collected
in.-.:New-.l(ork,At-ntill;follow,-4-Course-, 7 --that-twa.•
tbird'a_.Of any - 6 . 6vernmatit - papeC, , received-for
duties' will be there .received;. and • it.' will be
more valtiiihki there--than elsewhere The value
of: such paper_ Wou Reoraiist in- its receivab ility,
and. nothiv - else. would. always tenk.tlrece
fore - directly,to' the spot - Where-tbc_greateat de.
mancT should existfor,it for thtdpurpose.
not --So „a f. _this :_inoine t .the:-...titatanding
T reasti ry, • nobs?- Arc . - tbey abtindantjb .Geor
gia, in ./dissisSippi,!in Illinois, or . in New Hamp
shire.? . „NO .'stioner dssue,d - *than they com
mence their march toward the pliiee where they.
are most valued and Most in demand: that is, to
the place (lif*, thc.,greatest public receipt. If you
want ..cancentratioli,-. sir, .and
yOu desire to dirup.the small Streams of:com
merce, and' fill more full:the deep and'already .
!swollen'great channel's you will act very wisely
Ito that end, if you keep out of the receipt of
the' Treasury all money .but such 'paper as the
I.Government‘snOy-fwsnieb,-,sial..which4iludltie-n.
otherwise redeemable than in receipt.for 'debts
to Government,. while at the - same time you, de..
press 'the Character of the local circulation.
Such is the scheme of the himOrable member
in its probable commercial effect. . Let us look
port% 'Mal point or view. • . '• I
'rile honor:Ade member binongs to the .
. . .
Stateefights party; that party professes smite
thing of an uncommon lave of liberty; an ex!
p-aordinary sensibility to all its dangers; and of
those dangers, it • most dreads the union of the
political 11.11(1 - money power. This we learn from
the authentic declaration of the gentleman him
self, And_tiNr_,oli, transcendantal consistency!
oh,, Most. wontleitiiiCliiiforriniy - of means and
ends! oh, exquisite incide of gratifying high de..
Sires! behold, the - liOnoMble member proposes
that the' political power of the State shall take
to Aiself -the- whole- function--oFsupplying-the
entire paper circtdation . iif the country, by.kiotes
or bills of its invn; issued at-its own discretion,
to b e ; paid _out _or _ advanced
_to whomsoever i
pleaseit, in. .discharginrtite obligations of Go
vernro' ent,ibearineno.promise to pay, and to be
kept in 'circulation merely by being made re
ceivahle: tit' Vie . - Treasury!....rhe,whole circuit'•
tion'of the',6tifitry, excepting only that which
is' metallic, ands'which most always be small,
Ayilttl*b - e - made-iip Of'nterc Grivermwent-pa;
ii"e"riissited:for Governinent purposes; and re
ileemable' only_ in..payine lit of government debts.
In-ollier---words;the.entire:Meap_S of - earrying on
the whole commerce of the countri7Will:6 - 4 - lield
bf: - G,Orerturient - ' - in -itst'Olvir'. lianclsi= - and -made
cotntriensitiate; eiactly;_withits Asti.UNetitttf.i.i. p - r
ppsel; and; opi nitnisi'4llre - whol'e cornirtercial - bti;
stileits:Of the 'briiMtry:lieirig',.thus made' a mete
ap:lehtitiga to revenue.: -',."!4: - . . , ... 5 . ~::-.,..,..•.:-.,.;-..` ~-:.: f . ;
!filiit;,;iiiii in .. .tiriter 'lila I my - hot: . - niisrepresciit
the , h ontirable.m . 4inlier,lefnie..show-jou-a Aittle
more t i nal ly, Wll4' his, cipiakiii iirefrerspeeting
tilla:GWeriiiiicht - rptilier `. . - :.- ' '-''.'-
-..0e.,-Ilonorulgi -member - says , - 4i ri tl lat . , to o7al;e
this atih•Treaanef mess re aneeessfu t - an ,, 0 se
cue'; it. against , roaO.tron;• . : wine safe : and- :stablit
m ed ilini,ol, eirchtitio 4, ; !!tO • take
~ Ili ell al* . ot
haiilanoteialiii..;:the'..„fistalX4iieraticina'air_the'iGo.
Vertunent;,iiiight r tii?.. be issued;'! . . iii4;•;!!in ;the
presentOnditiart:of 'tliewiiirld;`4 paper curl' .
4, in r :99*/ form;; if:nOt:neoesSark' l'a Alni"., lii,
cliliOsalilei - wllnalitiat _anal, eOmroirei4 .o pera
1 tiona.Of ciyit464 - ,and;exte,nairi'' - ,etiinyittinitir.s.
itiiit;:o:e.geat - deincleiatunf is. tO - aie'ertal if IV h ai
- d4 - 8 - 41 . 007 . 31Epapirl147,71,fiffeijilitints
qualities
Imposs;cre,e,horri' - fluctoatliiit;:in .4log; - .:iiii4 la;
' bit*, to
abuse,-geikttjOri;", - th at
!,!ban r i)iOtpi,dcoOt ppaiesi66o 7 .oiliiiiites'in
a degieeiatilPentlif;hikkfit;JW
pijrpOie;"
A,o4 2. oiiiik6 saksi.t.Vdo Wilier: t't liapii . eikii, tgi
iiikr*ftei: : ::liclirCe‘vil : li thi ; i'Ao44ifteoi4lll'..64i
elve , iiii eithii'eflhatittreOnVaitiblilitipiirlhlit
#,;; , : - iilq_po'or,_ , Whattc.'dig.t4t.'o , llt,‘"9„t a 'O'''-a , ;Pra,4 ll -i
b, psip7V :,!i1tab10;,f0i:X41 , 0 . 0cy,!;•,.1. 4 ,f 9Aiiliati
*Pi': (h-: We:047.. - Ogic#:,.'pooey ., 6.ooofiot. - 2 . :,!0
rock , : ;f i r c%*ciiiitd 04.ti!!. - il egii i'i le* Kan` d ill i,in ti
rind aiii)Plt ~itniil3) : :. % .viii,'4F4iiti- t utk- t it:ValOo:of
'ek - Ojrftlitog'loe)4the.,zeo4statie . .;'4OnitificV.filqa6
dOvefnftiet3l7, - 41'17ft . feif47:ht0TialYrituippli6I0
14 . 06 w Proceeds. to',obiiii4e;, . I ,tittit - ther&.tiiight,
be a. sound and- - okiiittiO:aurreiiCi,fo44o:.6o
die" credit
Of:GO - kr u r ment - exclusively, ",:" Chit
sioJi.piiiriyOnlyEtOie . iist4to:iiOseWhOlad
claiMs onthe . (ioyo4iiioit;'oOooliflicliabWo:
al 'state, • ie , af..prilkVp':pii.,o4lol(aTil::oll ,
vim!! - that , ' iri011114.::3 , ,ii4 - -; eXiipiiiiirot: oli.Aoer•
mind.what'afiffiva,t,..oil:Of. ~ .whatikattoiliiatiOnsi
might I' j)e , palely -: tiStied; :',1".4. - -Ala; A:. thig4tilir
saf e V . iiisiiineci.tliat',:.tho..t.feoo4.* - . )v0rd5.;.000 , 1 1
4,,i =c m ni 3 Oeoy:eitcocAns*" . .airiutg ltienitoq . '.
114 noli;:, 'of. it w ixollange.9, , .I,l!lc . li,a4lo . .ol4,4'gAiiiit
. iiiirOki - NVeltaili - banktigki - blitibiON,Ould*
Viay.p 4boiii,'. ii.l:4l4''MaDy::Millif)iif:TlUlCOU'i
ME
lie - kpp in oireidatien'.beyond, the; den - 641i of
By 1.0.4-scheme, sir,C,Governmenti..in its ditf'
,
iurscrnelits,ls.not to, 1)4 • money,' but to issue
taper. , ',This paper is no otherwise
redeemable, thin as it may' be, receive(Fatth.
l'reastirg. ,It'is . expeeted to be let out much
&stiff than 'it. comes.in, so-that many Million:
will be' kept. in circulation: . and its habitual Thu.
Meter Will be ,at, OValkore v piir with gold. and
aileerit„Now,. sir, if there is to be found any
obvious project - of
fier- - Stiineljii-itt. - •, 4 alP : -• - itaAleft4Mity• 4 should' not
er t int,Plet.e, ,. bninty,Wldent'iifinitd:foritaig!t;;:nr*t,
',lt,ttelt,Ji_rae.ti - eible/:h,etWeen: , ,trie . pOtiga,a - nd
p.O.werj"?)
loidr6*jvti*itlitgiirsj*,-*OuldiL!!ejitillriiikrt
ridliti;4•Collate6ifernatiatiiiii4ll,ioteV'entirko;
fein;•illiatEar Sidnit
Probable. ,.. ,:nsequelfeeS;!,:ision,•tbat;;Wltiolt,4::th'e,
gentleinanregariiiiise: ,• gveat4it-4,Vll; . :Mntj Melt
lipede.nonninatea!‘:the','Centritlliatitinfiif,cOinnier;,
itenti - iii tlie:nest.place,what a<adMit'abfe,'',
tke;_expensea'OPG4eerniMot‘whicli:the.gen
tle-nianiiriSinMdell'atliedrik,,Jtelea`se'd.riorn' al
neceSsity:a. , taxation, and from the consequent
reipOnsibilily to the people; 'not called upon to
regarch,' it'. all, - the arriolifit.'of • animal income;'
having nictitithbrity to .:eaiise Treasifry , .notea to
Nine- *he never .
'' c—` which the Populous North
Poured never fromlier frozen pass
,-
lilicne or the Dimait;" • •
.• ' - ,
. • , ••
*hat admirable restraint' would be imposed-on
-Government, !low. doubly sure•*.mildassuranat
be made for:it, that all its expenditures would
be strictly limited' to the absolute and indispen
sable wants and demandi_of.the piddle service,.
sir,' fortunately, ' very jortunately,.. a
scheme so Wild, and . which would be so mis
ehieVoits, is totally, impracticable. it rests.on
an, assiimption, Tor which there is not - therleast
foundation; either / in reason or - experience. it
takeS for granted that which the history of every
commercial -state refutes, and our own, espe•
cially, -- in - ilmost - every - page. -- It - impposesT - that
irredeemable Governinerit paper cancirdulate iii
the business of society, and be kept at par. This
rejects convertible bank notes; which are equi
valent to :specie s _ -since they will always:. corn maiidit,
mainfic and adopts, iUIL - stdik
eire Govern - Mint
'paper, With. no promise to pay,' but a promise
only to be received for debts and-taxes; and'.he
puts lath the imaginatioiti - as -- 1 - liaie --- saich - so
often and so long refuted, that this paper will
be kept in circulation in the
,country at will
be.able to perform the great tipsiness of 'curren
cy- mid- exchange, eVen though it exist in Tian- I
titles-exceeding,by-many-Millionsolie.deniandsl
of Government. - ' !• • - I
It' it be necessary, sir, at this day, to refute
ideas likethitae, it must be.because_ithe history
of all countries, our'own included, is •:: ilead.let
terAo.lts 1 ~. --Even at th'e-very-moinentitrwhichTl
am _ speaking,_,thoi,small.ainount - of Treasury
notes which has-been. issued 'hi , • Government,
Irirdly„:: fifth part of .the ordinary_ aitiond're-Y
-nue----thoug-It those Rotes - bear :m interest of five
peteenr.---itliciligli.tliey are redeeinable•in.c4slt i
at the. Treasury, at the eNpiratiim of:the year—l
and thOugh..in the meantime; they_ are - ever"
where, received -in: Government dues,• are-not
only of less.valtte.than,apecie; but of less value;
also, tharolie.notes :of non-Specie..paying-hanks;
those, banks wlibie paper is daily
,denoonced I
here- as-" rags; filthy, rags." • In my opinionoir, 1
the:whole scheme is as visionary and iinpractir
cable as any which the genius of project ever)
produced.. .-• --,' . - . . . .
- .
M. president, toward the close of this speech
of September, I find-a paragraph in which .seve
rat other subjects, .are brought together, and
which I must ask permission to read. • . - -
!laving commended the wise and nnble-hear
ing_oftlie_liitle_Slate,:rights_party;_of which.-he
says it is his pride to be a member-throughout'
the eventful:period, through which, the country
has passed since 1824, lie adds: •-•- ,
"In that year' as I have stated, the tatiff sys
tem triumphed in thetceouncils of the nation.
We - sawits - disastrous - piilitical - bearingsrforesaw
its surpluses, anirtlie extravalgaiicies to which it
would lead; we rallied - on the election of the late
President to arrest it through the inflifecce of
the Executive Departnient of the' Government,
In this: we failed. We then fell back upon the
rights and Sovereignty of the States; and, by the
action of a small but gallant State, and through
the potency, of its interposition, we brought: the
system to the grpund f sustained; as it was, by the
Opposition and thc`Administration, and by , the
-whole po.wer and patronage of the Government:"
-- -Every part of
. this-_-Mostextraordi' ary'state
ment well deserves attention. • r - • -• - • '
. In the first place, sir, Itereis an - op n and di
tt
rilet drOWiil that the main object for r flying on
General Jackson's first election, was to:AcConi
plish-the overthrow. of the protecting' One*, of
the Countr - y - : - ' Indeed!. .Well, this' is verYfranlc
I am glad to .hear the avowal made. - "Jt . puisan
, ... .
end to all' suspicions. .: : ' I
' It was, then, to ' . ..2verthroWprot.eetiolOyas it,
that the honbrablegantleniantookaciniuch pains
to-secure-" General - .1 - acksoa!s- first_election r:-. 11
Commend his candor; in now, acknowledgingl t.
But, air, the honorable:memer:had - allies and
associates in that rally, - They-thronged riltind
him _from all quarters, ,and folloivekhis - lead.
Andpraysir;_was_his.ohjetsS - i - iii - frAvO•iy - eiLliy
himself, the._ joint object of:.all'the.PartY? '; Diq
Irc.tell Peimsyleania,, honest-intelligent:straight ,
forward Pmmsytvania; that . such was his- , poi--
T . itise? , AliVidPentisylvania concut-10r penn
sylvania.was fbst and, feireincistin'esp,fniSing the
cause 7 6f - Gettel'al 'Jackson.. nYeybotly,:ktawa
. slieli - ..tinire 'Of
,'lt :tariff.: State .than•-other in :the
Uhieni. -- . - ,-Did lie tell tier that' hit PurkSe was.to
break the tariff et timely: he State, his
objeCts;',.also,:toP.Ten::-Yorkl,i..::.pi4=,4estiti44-itie*
to, 1 NeW' JerAeY?:.:•::What;.'Say . .-loui-:.genticinteii
frd ity:Penrisyreania? !gentlemen from:NOW:ye*?
and jentlisnien frPtr.t..Nev je•rso.l 4 ilr9 . .olo , is 6 o ,
intrtctiDenJacks.oteseleotion ) --what , iiiy 2 yoo
W 44.4. it .y . ollr . iniri)Osei, AISO; by that "?...eleetionii to
! : ;-6 1 ,k - ,1107 - 11 ,,:t1. 1 e . protective Iliolio ? ; .:,.or,-.:: i r 7‘ it
Were init yofti' ‘ puiticse,' did - yoknii
know,'
theleipraY-jet 'os s 7underitand4h - st-,rdid;'r u
knot;;:,neyertheleis;-; that , ' it•XititalliC=; 09 it.p.ni
lififl.444fiaili.OutpOsk;ciEiliilitißciiilAis-litemlief
froth
!CArillild--Al
pld..,'( _l(V-.Ya1!.,i74411i'1 6..,4: q, ,. 1 1t i.. 0
Witillit - :? 1 ,_ ',.
:, vt*vrotntphioo4oitrOe , tr.iie : COutry
- 4&* itionb . o - o rtiiii . ,b.4v 04820;.r ie• and
theliOnOlA*-I*.tribet.:ll'Om ',Dlii.oliAii--tirtire;':iit
thaPtin - Wezering f ; : theiOlnJtodfdrOes;':4o;lithe
iiiitioSti- ilt- ifi'dei';.t - Ql?iing- , ablityr,fr . ,9i . n", , :lgik, l 3?o'§
aot:ii,itv.:.:.'pid . `,l;b9y...*Urk,,itoftz . zeiluotkiose,
*tlieri:for;tlicao - 0 - ,xifkatc,;(*iiiicWit t Oose,? -0*
difk•tl4ifillllol.6 7, koefeljr.Ml Y'olipige.'. kil.O . :(1 - 6 7 *F*
nien4anil4llol,otetrtolook•;iiiitfoeltittiSelf ) ' ,
. :No.;:;-,Vaii,i..)hili1i,i0te:d1biti the bill 'Of tliai
yoti ,- ;,:oofilmori:ly.,::olleit'*..i:stba*.iktiaitiliii
clef* -., li iitic,VOrtiu:4lll , ;• sista'iii:eitisit*,:totO
it:64 - **. L *4l3#loM l *„s(4o: , l l 4liO4.: 4,„ ._.
'difitietytio . ,AnitolyT-74e y : Ate.illiefergvf.i..loold
b4-givOit'' Anil :' thq , roeitiheo , kiviiii, it Ooid&.not
possibly:therebrgiye.:antO.TenOTeititn:4lll) , :.':g• . 1 1,
tlenitntOf the State.riglitiOintc*ifk W. 119 0 -14 1
40 trillo:olllfgtitei.4llWkso'aittltenOk,.;, '
::''_,,;,,
•••, : ::Eijr;:t•-wili:iintiditgetillOnteniinjusliitkliiase
*lio toofig.o46:ll4lff Blatto.iimliis , ; ,olo,
and,:yiliy:supoorto:-.!ipp,Ja"c,l4cii3:for.olkEre
sideneY!did-rit intenik7ilkiisiliy.,AO..:l - iverthTin
the: protecting :policy:- ii • elfeY.otii:;nte#fit,•;l9
iltAd:Gfaidriil aiiekiinn •P. - - - eident; - ; and;,
intio•pOtie4,alinig...Witli.hiM - .- : ,;;As4.olltirnatej.o.tii,
j . o,4, l :44l9iitiljtui.oirti:.:-Allj'coulst . :4gyOtOUW;
ever, t,04e. - lirfit,op!p l it jkoti. clitNAt4i4iiiilei
to giVe a plausible appearance to. a political.
tialon,.aniong gentlemen
,who differed so:wide
ly; on the gieat'and lea ding' question of the
times—the question or the prrotepting policy.
But this difficulty was overconte.4.the oraetilar
.leclaration that CieneraVJackson was in favor
.9f a "Junicidos •.
Here ! str,/was ample roolit and verga enough.
Who could object xo a
.j.l , d.eir.ov•lariff.2.
.nen and Anti-tariff - men,L-State-riglits men and
Consblidationists,7lltoSe who hail been_, called
prodigals, and those who had'been called radi
Gals, . all .thronged and flocked together here,
and . with all their diTerence itr - regard to ulti
ikbjess, 'agreed to ~make corn - tan cause,
till
pßotitic'. 114 • I
Sent
ait&lititlaWilletAliellefiky..alikshattereit'eNf(of
of ia rlitidUtfla f iiirmv as epoch "' difference of
final object;'.
ileac to sinking:; ,This. au'tltotit 'bf the: nia,stet'
'OfOrder,forlllo7tlliffZfoitt:tliMo44.• - tt!irtilWofj
autitifiast r oti,,liail:thOngliNifkoCedakiiial italkeiti•
t: . • - "Ratinicontosiiblgit
Well, sir; the ItortOtillile; , : - gentledtan 4ts
thalhe'expeele4;:.wheit•:•Gen.!'lltekSon.shoitld
he elected; to ttrreit•tho'farifnaiStetri, thfough
the influence of the- Executive Department-,
Here is another - candid confesSionll-.= - ArvstYthe
tariff by Executive Influence,!
sir, . this seems - like lioping; - frinn- , the:- , firsf, - -lor
the use of the Veto;" : :life : -Yelp,
could the Execut Keairest the tariff- acts? :•_. A ricl
is it true, sir, thaf;itt that early day; the honorable .
member . was looking to the _'\
dread; but with hope?. Did he expect it , and. did
he rely . , upon it?- - he make-tile -rally.:of
Which he speaks,' In:Order that . he might
a President who would exereise.4 ,, •Atid did he
afterwards complain of it,-or' does he complain
of it now only,,becatise it wits
cause it turned out to be a thUnderbolt„ which
did not fall in the right
In this reliance oo Executive--influenee—sir i l
declare'lhardly- ca n-t ru si-myself that-1• read--or
clote . correctly,-. when I find, in What I read, or
froth what I quOte; the honorable member,-froni
South:Carelina, by, , hilf own Confession, hoping
or expecting to.accotnPlisli:any
five influenee;'yet so was it'spokettouitl - sois it
Printed-HIT this:reliance; or thislioPe;
pectation, founded on Executive influence,-the
honorable- gentleman and. his friends failed,.itnd,
failingi'ln - this; he-says, - they fell back 'On the
Elayereighty of the States,' tool *brought thesis
tem to-the ground:. " through the potency of
interposition;" by•whichhe'metins:ncitlier• inure
nor less than Nullification. So'ilietsir, accord:
ing:to-this;itat-excessive,fear.opower-which
Was so' Welt cherished :by _the'mullifiers,twas
only awakened .tolllaine in their bosoms; 'When
they }found that they •epuld - -not accomplishali6r
own ends by the Executive power of,the..:Presi.,
. -
lam no authorized Commentltor, sir, on'the
doctrines or dmori - es. or
But, it - this"expoSition be - - authentic,- I.
Must say it is not Caletilutc),l to I:minisli - iny op
positiOitto the_ Sentimen6a that school.
But the gentletnan goes. onto - tell ,us ..that
nullification,, or -interposition, succeeded. By
means' of it, he says, be bring the protective
system to the ground.; And so, in his' published
etter of November 3d; he states that '! State in;
terposition liar overthrown the protective tariff;
and, with it, the Ame:rican 4stem." - -
are to understand,.the'n ' sir, first; that the
compromise act of:1833 was forced upon Con,
gresi by Slate interposition, othoullification.
Next, that its object and design, so far as the
hOnorable gentleman was concerned in it, 'was
to !freak down and destroy, , fOrever; the .whole
protective policy of_ the country:-
,"
And taitlyithatit - has - aTccomplished that put.-
wearing away: -
Now, sir, I must sayi,that in '1833,'1 enter:
tained no doubt at all that the design of the gem
tlenian was exactly- what be now .s . tates. On
this point, I have -not beet; deceived. „ It was
not - , -- eertainly, the_distkii - oraii — wlf6- 7 arefiatiiitli
him; but, that it wa...3lus . purpose, I lisfeW then,
as clearly as I know -now, after his•opeicavOWal
of it ; and this belief governed my• conduct. at
the time; together with•that of a great-majority
of those in both Houses of Congress, who, at.
ter the act of 182:1, felt bound to carry out the
provisions of that act.,•and to•maintain•thein rea
sonably and fairly. I . opposed the .Conipromise
act with all my, power:. •- It appeared to me every
way 'objectiOna.)l6 ; it looked like an attempt to
make a new Constitution ; to introduce - another
fundamental law, above, the . : power of Ccingress ;
and which_kould control the authority
cretion of Congress, in all time to'conte,
of - itself,'was a conclusive - objection-- with; me -;
I said so then, have often _ so since, and:say
so now. I said; then, that I; for: one; s hould. not
be bintnd 'by that-JaWmore;than by . anyother
law, except that, as it was a lass' pasied on a
very important and "agitating.
: subject, I should
not be disposed to interfere Witlrit, until a' ease
of, clear;necessity ..should' arise: - ''9n this piinci=
ole .1 have - acted since.-. When that ease' of
necessity ;shall arise - ,.,ltoirev,er, ;should I be in
public life, I ihall concur: in any • alteration Of
that 'act;•'whick,sueh .neesSsity may require.
That ; an:liccasien;,rnay cine; I more than
fear:- . 1-entetltailf-tiornetliingyatr'_Onger_than_adouktf
upon, the possibility of inanitalninetbe manufdo
ttres:abil-mduitry;of this CcMptry,sit& al
sfsiem.-as the: compromise, act .us,
when it shall have . Apne tkrough its processes of ,
However;, IVl9ave - ,16f - Ah
. ...;
, had Occasicin,224lr. Pi;eildent;to - tipetty.i
of Nullikeaticin apil the Nullifiere;L - Oer leave to,
say, that I haie 'not done sii:,:fin.:any . lntrimse of
reproaeh;.. -Cr , rtaitily,2air., 1 see :na: possible ;con,:
ne.xili:llj:74el6, between ,their`rp{tnet , Ples: of
op4iions,'Ondtke,atinpiirlithiirneasure.:: , Theyi
howeyer,..yrist - . Aspeale;;_f
May- have---intrbstedthe , heiring- iif•=th'eli:sfand;,
ski, tor ',alightl"-kne4,',li;theiliatid#':ofthe'hon)r}
aide :•,,tnerit ier'frinn. :South . 1 - P . iir,6lini rip(1:1 - pet;
Cetveds.lo3tiession;*litif.tpcicAire . 'no . "%y;, that in
opinion there'.hiv't,t . ,?titniOchnt :fietwe,en'these
projects of of
jteicllolketalfereWi'and tditi, ; :shAll 7 .'yet:liooWl
argil in :otiertinn, ce';':':iti'd.,lftd: - itthi;;l'fOO . o(.6,6t Of
o,weri,f, 13'61,0'6 ibstaining.:o£4,llfat
fm ortance;. The =-Jlc~miniatiaUuin. , ',Ajit,:regi4
was
ainyninc
roye„( iittifiltypoiOrlittmselyeAlto muCh,.. e r )r .
AhislititSitalints t ;Asill"rockw
4ttlit4"...Orfif6i Nei to' gWc
theft.'.•,t.thl
;, , ,`•,Tit s p - tteAt*lpSiti - 01 1- S 4 VCli9Ficifalili.4ooe•
lter
octijosi, ,iikr - tt9roOtiilayem'eti.oh:a34 , g l . l .lol 4 g
Ootitietu•:Oinninit4.,A: =lts
phr{tea is alixi ethei military. -` It Wads;' , :ike: 4 •
desnatOh,- -- vrtrhislle . tiiilingtheatlAtiatters.
19'-,110tc.;.(5e:fitt4 61 0,,.,futg400;... , R44
feeiftirits fipovpitiott", 'co..untei-rno:i'grnetiltii
P° B 1 0P11; .
qp:9 - 0 , .:01•1,feti:a10-Rd'ilkikpin0 ik tothird fos
pox'}Udit t: 14n4 positicor td hold
those inferAti,ons requiitls (ifkg'itl4o.rapifliti of
- ' • `•••''
the military actlens ,of 'till king•of Prussia. in
the seven ).ears' war. Yesterday
South, giving battle to th ,
e he• • „.
iv in Saxon)7, or Silesia; instantly h e to
Itay s ,, traversed Eleotorate:. mil is the
Ittissian and theSivede on his Northern fromiet , .'
If you Ir.nk for his place oil.the amp, before ytAt
find, it lie has cnitted. it. lie is alivsys `iii rCh•
ing,flylng, falling - back, wheeling, attacking,
:lefending, , surpEsing; figh nag every ~ wliers,
and, - fighting all. the ti Ile. , in One pattletti4l:, •
hove er, the eampaly,ns, described in this let.
•ter, differ from the -mintier in which those r of
the, grat Frederick were conducted. I thldir
we nowitere.rewl in tile . narrative of Fredericle.4
tichieveinents: . of his taking a position to cov,.r.
iin•;enetriy, or a .position to hold an ally in check.
The4,o2"refitlitiients, in the Science of' tadtics_and
. - -
ltf,Will';,',,arerof..oiiiire recent tits orerY • .
mast certainly Ite •
ailnweit.,tk - ehange.,-.theli-.9pininns and their
ttitiocifilikins„Whenei',ol7;;ffiet,s,ee•-•fil.--, - Nd one •
intik:har e grq(ie.ii'miispr, they
thereld lio
infortunate, if t?ile ; ' i'v ii e' 4 l ,i c e !,. a t- l i Si ;‘ ‘ :" ' Jc l pki 'Yg pf tl 4:
$.1 1 0 1( N011g
.. .c ,ll ).erie4o`oinniOna.Onee.entertiiinWin-is:pite' - ot
010 :-. 0 A 4 .§e I+J' f f elt - Pi' - : - . 16- I' 6 ,*Yeir6 ; initi
ter2,f..-.NeiXrtitelei.S7strelt-intniflre ackiioWleit}jei . -.
tAtit,- - Wlitif:•oPliSAFi 4 - siidden; av , , well
_s;sr
g r : en , t -'O llll ,Pg. ilati!e9: l Yi ., POllli - CS ft . tilldeiC; ; . :
` , ..911"C;
boriprible:gelitleraiiii.: trie.:last session
Hill,of,Tlie Aylministration'_
first,;':re44,''tiffs letter7e;l'N.Odinber;
in the SlMlOptic*, of,', a-et:prim :anti a half, •
.•
meats
memTier; jai-tile i'ltitks` of-Bill' opponents; and
entitling ; hiin . to tak'p'? his Seat t . as he. ,tias &Me .
ifnot at_their head,l'ecinfess
;till: 'gre
eatestirprise:: AAJ,
deal 'Sudden -'ntoyenionts of Atte
atreeticnts; !Whether: -pers.imitt•Or . politieal, are_a
little out of nature.----' 2' • , .
S eireral' _years some'. of.' the
. tits • (if
England,-wrote :a re:SCW. play, . iiitentle&td rich:
cule; A lie immitural" and - false
men!gli!y;-sof,A . aek:ija:Geriamf.school Oflitera-
I tote play; twit,
.Strangera.:are* brought
togethern ‘ tAtn - they are wart - ding
thernselve.s_at_thefire,_and hetdre their acquaint . - ", •
ance -is yet dye:, minutes! Old;' - iie:springs up
and exclaims to•the other;:‘..4 sudden thought
.4 - 1:
strikes me 1. I.et us SWeicr au et erOal.friendship
• . ThiSaffectionlite_offer•was:lnstantly accepted;;;
and the friendship_ duly - Si/My% untiliangeable,
I ;,141. eternal !,'..Now, sir,. how' long:t Ilia eternal
friplidship_lalited; - ot What manner itended:'
I those Who :0 , 04 know may learn-by referring
to.the_play. ".- • ,
Put' it 'seems to me,, sir, -that the dicinorable'
a good deal higher thin the -flight of the Ger- • •
man. school-;- for he :appears to have; fallen-aid;
den)), -!irr hive, not"tylth,strangers, butwith
'Here we all had been,Sirr, contending agiiiiist
the progress, , of -Executive. Pdiver, and, More
,
particularly,
.and' moat strentiouslY,
_against the
Tirojetls and esperirneriiiiiifthe - Adininistration, .
upon the -currency. . The honorable frnemher
stootl among its, not only . aim an associate; •but
a leader," We thought we; were 'making some ;."
headway, The.` people appeared‘to bti
tcr ouranippdrtrand. our:assistance?" The country .
had - .been_ rouseili every_ - •
weakening. — strengths:ofthe adveriary,and '
increasing our own. „We Were-in this:career_
success zarried strongly 'forward" by the current :
of public opinion;:. 'and , only neededtialearthe
cheering voice 'ofthe honorable member,. '
Once --inorel until the breach,- dear. fl.iends,
'anti; We: haye prostrated, foreveri. this , •
anti-eonstibitional, anti'comthercial, anti,reptib-:
lican,:andanti-Ainerioan policy of the Admini4 •": .•
trAtion, "Wit, instead of-these eneouraging..and
animating accents, behold! in the very orists"of
our. affairs, on' tile •iery eve of-victory, the hon- - 1 - '
orable member cries' out=tO the enemy- 7 4st to
isi•his-allies-tr--burtei-the'enerny"-}folbrat' , A—:";—
suciden thought
,strikes me I ' I abandon mral-,
ilea. -
Noir I:think of it, they have always been. '=
my lip pressers! *I 'abandon 'them, and- now let
you aniline 'swear eternal.friendship!"" ' - •
Was not likely, to keiolik - *ityit.o . o(4 - , - ; •)L'he other..." •
Party was ilittla coy;:bill,.upon the whole; no- • ‘,
thing Idath. 'Afterproper.heilitatiOir; and --,.-
tle decorous', blushing,
.it owned-the - soft im,
pealittient, amitted an equally- serldenaimpa- _ •
thetic iniptille"on its own side; and, Since few,'
words are' wanted where . hearts. are •already
khoWii,.the henorable gentleman takes his place
among his .new friends, amidst:greetings
eareSses,' and is already - - enjoying thO'sWeeta of:
an eternal friendship: • •
' In' this , letter,- Mr.. President. the-writer, says:,
its snanc
bsletliSt atthe ocnnmencintent
OFthriast sessionf that - affairir - hatille - F.Vned• the: . .
i),9lol.,:oen:he friends; . tn l c o i.di n i_ to t h e
course they ..should_ take, .•;:ould. reap the full:,
haiiest'of their long *ea arduous struggle againit > ,
the eneroaChtlit7.l,s and abuses of :the General
qorernintatioritisothe:fruits of alt" their labors,:
''At "
that time, he says, State intertipsitrcin:(Viil:::-.1
Nullification), had- overthrown -.the. prettisotini - ,,4'
tariffand.the Aniericatt skater% and. put
ii•Eongressional-usurpitioin that „he hadrP,revir : ,. - , -
Misty been - unitea"With the National' :Republiz,
calls; and - that—their joint - atiacki,luid brciught-•;." 4 :
down:tlie power of the Exectitive;..bdi
joining auch.allies he,was not insepaible to
embarrassment of ' his pOsition;
vieforYitielf-Wair4langertiusi.ankthattbeyefl i re
he had been waiting.for i events; that rnow,",(that,-;...c.,
is itril4,7in , 'September laat.) tlo -join attacks
of the. allies had brOught down - Txecutive; PnWei7;
that-the-Adininistralionhadlbecorne divested c0c..2 - ''.
ptiirei:; and inti nailed; ,and that it hail become
cleai..that'4the7comhhiect.•attacka: o f the
farediWOuld 'utterly" AterthroW!:and,detnolish
AlEtbiiit,Esasi.:Tzut he saw, tdo;:as;:beisayi;--."4 .:
thiitlir that ciiiii-thexhitorYWould• enure s - net
liini-orliis caase; but to, life allies their
t iot*% P e f all • t9s k e firk cik e : PtP erg un i kl' ; ':*:
iictories,pit - elluded petaolfal t. ,Objegts;:at
spokelie, of hii:Oittati..
- proceeds t•• never ,
diero:lieforei'an&neyer,rprObably there..he';„'-:
at/I* an OPportuniti . for,hiniseit hie
filendato'eatty Out their
,own : priticfples air;-,pa.
14,4inci to reap 'the fruipi their',lting.inid
4.4 , ;-*,:'iie . :it...ritaiimbizrpil; rep:resenti, all
flte'ptineipleo
00 , of; Oulli fi cation.:•;:.;;Jiitd bii;toakes , use..of this -
glorious iiiiitoitnnit}ytry,:.ee,ftis!!**l3oin.
ampa.in 'any, Olt
fuer ; :attaek , on -tlitio:),O7l, outer;
rellyhtg.anewilieold,Plitt;r4hl*,
fo:o.ficck tlfeli - oir_opponntyk.",th,
hirkliitpreyeat:the'riOmpleieTaKapileiley
~00tijilnipel:-";tWfitattilierWditisidnOf
- , '!: (14- t1COPY;' • :th4 gr° llll4. i'tt ri:
fd"Whielf 14-propose IcayinoreasiOn, to
the' ii ugil;of'tlie oltl Sea 4 1 /110,
W, lll m tv gi' lm
*litarf
ni'ge;'-',Wliatitithe'imdunt• dr all gala; but gi a t - i,
Ondiftgotile.Atintinistt'ation4eak, atulliketi '6 ) b 0 •
oti'Artltrnivni. ifthe '‘Opp_ositiori c etnith t ma ;milk
tilidiminis'teil;force, lie,fo it, to-join.
Set; ltiniskif f
:and. to compel:thie•* - 4 0;k iho t:n
iii'ineetAnnit, Alto — sc4iirinci4;
Ple . t!t 4 "; lll ':'! 3 ther`. werdsii nullification
Aditiniiti:ation; c hnd4pc take anelt.part lt
" 160( . 1 liclanirte.;l4ol.oo4:bii x von.
fesitsi'air o • that' in tlitta.abandionipglitta
,positions oftverthoseorpoweri he .;
perceiied-,-o . 4yock-*V4,„ii Lerigtetk.**o4 ,
WOMI41; r01uirt...„,i0104',.4.0 .0, , , „