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• .___
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• CorreifiontleAce of the Baltimore Sinerieevt
' • Our.. special correspondent tra,Ostnit,s
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.... •O•oixeditip in C.(..vgils•s: ... ,• ._ • _
. , .
F . .
."... ..- .. NVA§ilusz:c.:rON; March-10,18:38 . . • .
----UNITED STATES SENATE.
lTh e Sentoe. --- Cfrimbey was filled' this
,
• "1-nortliq; with - . the beauty - , fashic.it dud
—l-11-rlli-gi-ttee4f—t-Ife-c-ity;;:to_ sue al I 1.121).6 - 1L
—LA , I, te -c.x.p.u.c4e.di..5a1.LV.... 1 1c1w.ge1),..t.) 1 r.t:J-:11 3 3' _a!! (1.
'Mr. Calhoun-:---1\11 . .. Calhoun iwitti_unti
--tiu,cl-t.o_the_fiaor. zlhe debate cOrntueliceil,
, -at one o't 11)(,E; .... , ..
._:- , :,..• :--- '.-
__,__- The rporititt hour was c&.1 . 1j)iec1...-i-n
-, , the usu..] niisc.ellaocou.s itior.niiin
'Mr. BucTiattan , : „ prpresented a . fnembrial •
• . ..
Troin a eitzen - Of Philadelphia.AtpOn the_,
_ sAiert of the currency, proposing a plan
---- fora Nation'al/Bank',-the stock t.pb . e . u%Yn
.. edby -the,ditrerent_StateS in the ptopor.
lion cif their.delt:gation in the House: of
Bepre.sentatives-,-The drafts to ..be 'en
clorsed-lq the respective states and b.e.„,
come tbe•rUrrency.Of the countiy. The
capital •at first to be $70.9Q0,000, - and.
• after t h at to be increased'at the'rate cif
_•i 2 pc/ cent...per:annum. ~.. .
__
Several bills were fi nal'y passed. • -
" • S.LJBTREASU,RY BILL. -
:_. ....
• = . - Mr,Calhoun-sai(1:11. - e - rose ifiTUlfilMen.t
- -ix it pi.ornisQ. - wh.ic illie, . bad-made when'
._;.........he....laat..addiksSlcLih_e." SAl,..,ale.,_tojep r ly lat e
•'''
his own good leisure' to tittsceply of the
- Senator — fiTifir*S - Ermrck3r.: ---- I - atrris 1.-- . lt : lasi
'to believe, continued he, whether it is
must rernar.li,able for itko.misSions or its'
Mistakes. Mr. C. said . , the Senator from
Kentneky_had - . misrepeesented him in al
. Most all, that he bad' said in his opinions
isgainst the substitute of Mr. Rives..-tlie _
- bill before 'the Senatei f -aud the Bank of
the United States. Mr. Calhoun then
' Speci fi ed: these •mi representations, as,
itecallecLihett4 which Mr. Clay had of
fered:OS: his rental Its. ' - • ; •
11 - 1 - tiS e I) a nir - frarn - K e trttre-k-y,,-col i tin
tied Mr. Cahoon, thought proper to-lit
tioduce cef tali personal remarks, Which,
, adverse as I ami to all pergdnal allusiims,
•l' will liot pass„ by..unnot•iced. .\Ve are
sent
.here;, said -Mr. C., not tab, v,rangie;
• but to attend to public business. But no
caution bn my' part could prevent me
• . frcinti.being ansu clad in a personal man.
Tier.'-c ,
,
.
... _ . . .
_ .
Ile 'has made agiattlitou i porici personal
assault. on me. Ile at-s4ted that I ex
pected aid from the opposite party-, and
this was the reason wby l•had gone over
the opposite sidtvor left Ws party
I cannot, continued Mr. C. attribute a
• iOve. of personal a,lruse,...;-hir the charae
t the Senator`. for rde to do so,--•
a. , s
the reason why he thntigh - t- proper -to
at s~rxt the-tnann r lie.-diat:LA _CAW
- not 'etre're'th4t lie did,it:with.a ! 'view to
, •• • intimidate - me.t:-The.Senatoricnows me
ioo well to believe that I cati be intimi
dated. f 'represent a Coustituenti as re•
spettable--,asjhose represented by the
• Senatori'and I can find but one .toOtive
. why ,he Senator referred to me in the
~,_Artanner fie has. done, The -Senator,
"• spandrig — of overthi : OWing. argu.
• - Ment.:my argument, 'has resorted to per.
•sonalities in the' lrblie that they would
answer My• argutnent; • .- .
• Viewed in this light- he• intends them'
as an answer in pact to toy argument.
• The - Senator , hits imposed upon me a
itouble duty, and before I have done: I
shall place
.my character as far above the
.shafts of-the Senator as my argument
was above his ability to meet it. • s•
. Mr *Calhoun here ,w.t.;nt on, as he :aid,.
to give an outline of the ,eventg'
'in pasChistiatir, to prove that he had
_ been.a consistent man,' and in this part.
• of his subject, he calld - upon the Secre..
" - 'tary of the. Senate to read in aloud and
parcel a sPeech- made
•'
manner
• ' him in 1854; Mr Calhoon tilso 'called
i. upon the Senators aa - • his jtnlgcs , to listen
to his speeeb, - and to.liis opinions -Of him.
• self. .My'Calhoun was very interesting;
*except when reading, havrng read - col,
urnniof
,old , speechea . .rnacte - years gone
7 by. r Calhoun; Irowver,-riaidthat
ty ere At id or:clef .
' , •''twprOVe3thiChe - had ncit : gonefroni ore
.
side to, another. • :He wished to•ctear his
skirts rom any such - . chargé; 'The • , ex
tracts , were -the longer...part cif rtal
-110
y-The
readitig--of speeches•-haviltg
-,•
(teen wine through, Mr ...C.• wi nt on itt
cdntinOation. avcired that hO had
• - '
.- ~ , . , . •
• .. • . . .. ..
.. . , , .
, . ..,
- .. . . ...
. . ...., . ; - ' ; ',,.,'. 4 . - 4 . 't ". ~ ~ . .- .
..•
' •
-
, . . . . . .. ~......
. ..,
. . . ! •
. .
. 'Ab;,-
_. . ~ . .
. .
. , . .
. . •
-- L ........ ... . .-.....
..
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.
j .
.
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. , .
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.... ..
..
...
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...._. ,
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._
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... ..____
_. -.,_;:.•
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..... . 4,.... _•.
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__
.... ._ .
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. ...„.•• .. _.___...._____• .„ ~.,
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- • -
.7411VS.P.I.PER:—DE TN? Tl 9 E. TO .1E :POLITICS, .LITEHJITURE 9 . THE .lIHTS .147 YD SCIEXCES, eirG.RIIWITURE ) 4.1111U5E , 771E.VT;, *c.
been consistent—always hetin consisreat
--and'tio man • had:heen mole so--than
hiroself; liis rule.,or action.- had -been
consistency,' and. yet-the Senator, when
his. consistency was upon recOrd, and had.
been. proved-by'tlie-speeches
,which- -had
been read, said he had gone over-shad
changed. sides ; But lify CoarSe,• aS has
been seen,' is consistent, And his charges
fall to, the ground; from written testima•
ny I haveliroved my . consistency, and I
think I have escaped victorious. [The
good opinion of ..Mr.Calltottn.concermng•
hiritself and his' speeches, here- excited
gederal 'expression of Merriment iii
the Senate Chaniber.l . •-
-
Mr Calhoun went
_on to answer . that'
part of Mr "Clays Speech Which quoted
`;rn_nis Edgefield letter in 'answer to
an invitation to partake of a public. din=
tier. • lts-that letter, as.yoirinay remein•
• bee, he
. spoke of the_stispension.of specie
payments, and ,the. important political
eitettis of the day cotrnected" therewith,,.,
Mrtalhoun wade a - pat ty iuestion of
and Made his rentirks,-- 7 •scinte of them at
qvaSt,—cif -a,party 'character.-. -Mr Cal
'hoWever,.had one 'Of the extracts
read, and then - with a burst:of, eitcitement
said,' that the - charge of the Senator falls
to-the dust, and there" I trample it down
v • th
lessly- at my feet,• and I pick up and
tit) ow 'it •
'Mr Calhoun then wetiron - and said that
.he bad• not left _the y .Of wpiclv the,
7Se - nater__from_ KenrUcky was
guished. inemb?r, Ile-had not -left that
• - 1 - 1:6 - 0 - ghlreltatl'arre - tritrirtrit -- 7 - rheVerrrn'•
no party. except_ the 'old - Republican par
1-to—of '98.,-,to_this,. arid none — other, , I
p port -al pari i e
ty,-and-Lopposeipp Ose alt:parties_ltho .oppose.
that.-.• 7
:-=-Mr-CaTltnimAlten_add,Lesed lantself to
the
_friend - 4
-"of -the ad IninistratietiAtt , the
Senate., 'Your principles
he; sb'ur be vierOrious and
yott -triumphant,- .11 you have a
.caratil
eye_ to. the• finances - of the country. .
- Mr- Calhoun then spoke of his own
intellectual powers -la • aniiVer to Mr.
Clay, who had called 'Mr Calhotin
metaphysical:7.mm]. Mr ralhoUn \ said be
:could not accuse Mr 'Clay of possgSsing
this high power... In;its, ab'ssnce -and' in
die want of-it,-he acted under the influ
ence of lighter and more flighty qualities
of, mind: He
_chose the speciou's to, the
true the apparent to .the real—the fan—
ciful to the sound.: ' •
Mr Calhoun said that he had been
nearly twenty. seven -}ears IfifiliTiCriT,i - iiT
--anEl-heAtad---tioen-consistent—atat-tAfP.rt.R.
from that lime to tite pfes , lnt. He came
into public life . at an early age, add had
continued in public. life ever-since. he
came into'po'dic life when Mr Madison
'was Chief - Magistrate,. and during the
war,'and his speeches then were proof
that •he was a practical and consistent and
sound man. From Congress I-passed to
the
,W.ae Department, and 'Sound that
Department ettnbarrassed and disorpn•••
ized, and soon I put it in good order-and.
_placesLit_it>_a_. ourishittg cond it ion .
.From this Departmpa I was - made Tice
President . , and therit rallied to. the only
man 'whomd. thought could - arrest- the
abtiset,' of - thesconnttty. -. was-mistaken,
and since-lhen I have before proved my
self a consistent man. •
I have now repelled the. charge, and as
l'think cancelled the .ch bt between me
and the Senator from Kentucky. Mr. '
Calhoun - flare c,ontluded, • and all eyes
ivereirnmedia..tely•turned - upon Mr. Clay.
Mr. Cla?, at Once rose, and said, that
but for the present intereiting -occason,
he-showld-nouhave appeared Mills place,
ills he-aVt waS . not .goOrl;and he was
much indisposed. But as.i . am,- I. am- 7
self•prepared and,sell,poitted. '1 do riot
ask two or three weeks to prepare and
concoct any . speech in , replyto the Sena
tor froinSoutli - Carolina: - That Senator
:it:gall. kis remarks -by referring' to the
omissions in his"wrltteu, speech.' - •
Hate Mr Calkoun interfered; and Said'
that he should like to interrupt. hirin, for
,he dirnot mean to say thatllTCSenator
had omitted.any thing.
.Mr,Clay said:that-he had-not interrupt ,
ed iht.Sonator, and
interrupted. - Mr Clay went on and com
plimented the • Unquestioned talents -and
ability of the Senator. -
-
Mr. Clay then said, that all the com
plaints of tlle SenattiFiti regard' to - Ids
speech were in fact not hat-'he had - mis
stated his argnment*, but thatlie hadmit
ziyen tlie circumstances stated. Well,
continued 'Mr' C.. he complains th,.t
accuse 'him of Intonsistency when he
Says that duties •should ,be- received in
gold-and silver and in nothing else, and
yet consents to -receive bank paper for
six years. A. isiaikonO! ,Bankis not un•
constitu•tional_whetr yougiye it a charter
car six yea - is. --- •it 'unconstitutional
when ydu give it a Charter twelve:years,
.but .yon ,must ncitigiveyit-ar„chavter for .
'more than twelve 'Oars., for that would
bentreonstitutiOnalr --Mr Clay then eau=
merged Mr - Calholin.'s Speeches,- .05-teS,
0 1iinionpro and Cort:'urion the. Subjeet
of' a Bank. • •
• Mr , Clay - -then spoke : 61 -the Edgefield
ktter, -and :said 'when I sttiV„tlais,letter 1
could defend 'the SenatW tritin;S - Mith
Catedinit •kv.* I Sant • his
remarks -upon. -the friends with whoM• I
act, and have "acted, I could have. qnft7.
hence no longer.: -Even 'after his change:,
.Senator says tliat.he neither confi des "in
-outofir- - Avisdimp,, nor - our
.0.-
.11 1 )ringed and . .PubtOlted l lfte.lely by Geors'eAL . lP l hillii);9, in Cailisle l .Cansbeiland County,
~ , •
triotism," and ye t after•deliberately , Wri-'
ting-thii, and alter deliberately sending it
. a wav,--after' dedlaring7t - hat he - neither
confided in our. wisdom, our firmness,
nor our 'patriotism, and' yet acting: with
us- who ivere sottivise; and sn‘yeak, and
so unpatriotic, for the long period he did,
he goal home:and denounces Bin,
continksed Mr Clay, the Senator is always
right„ and., every_ body .else, is, always,
wrong... • His .thunder. i'L-always.' right,
Every' body's. thunder but_ his•is,always
VVrOngi . '- . . . .
. . ~
Mr. Clay continued, ailil animadverted
in.Strong.terms upon the-position of. the
Senator- - -traced his wandering course
throUghall . his
,Politic - arlabyrintV,'and
said he - should leave all comparison be
tween the 'Senator's speech
. and ' his -IT
-VY,-- by refefg those who chose to" see
them, to the sinechestbemselves. They
were binh befa're'tlie public—deliberate
lrputthere-.-anii tlf . Ose vi , ho" eliOse . ta lie
„ri
_arbiters 'might jti for themselves.
No' man, said Mr Clak, is inpre averse to
personal Controversy than :1 am. The
duty I hA-to perform-with"-hini 'was -a.
painful one, ansl'even•afteibis'extraordir
nary suinmerset•from one Party.-to anoth•
el., upoQ tore occasions thawone, when
attacked I defended his motives.
r_he_Saluttor_fro
. .
tinued 'Mr: C., like some other-prophets, -
prediefs .. yery well after , the 'Occurrence
has happened. , In - some of iris' late.
speeches , fOretelling. luthre •events, he
ha , ,Tdrgolten what he said. He has for
gotten that he once . —alid in I 834 . vi•0-tit
tit yt ly oppose - chtlie --- Suly:T resstrryiTtmd
WilriVilliicrronXiVelrftirai'V a'r=
ter to_ the United' States Bank. The
-S.enator-says-also, T t htithe .
Tilin - farty -said -My- Clay, I ut i
to fhe -SiMator,liiinself, and ask him' ifit .
is not too much-HtCrask of-the . public= to
belieye - that all the Whigs have vt•hinb
and all, the' suppOrters, - of the
tration have::konl= to - him, while lie has
atood unmoved . where he was, without
change. of position or of .principle ; and
ydrhe - would arglle.thathe tclone._hits not
changed. We; he :sayS, ate iinwisesg.tin-•
patriotie'and without firmness 4 while he,
is wise,. lirtn . and
Mr Clay 'Continued: and said, I . shalt
animadiert- and comment, and .reply
the public acts of the'Senator fr6m South.
Carolina, and I shall - do it-under all the
responsibility Of my station. When he
does as he has done—speaks ,as lie has
-pOlten—he must and shall"be rebuked
for the course he pursued.' Ile descries
it, for no mah - has been more, bitter in
rilibmot e--yariatile-in-his
cotirse,,or laid so Much claim to consis
tency of character.
`Speaking, of MrCalhoun'a patriotism,
Mr Clay said,, I am afraid, the political
geography of the Senator from South-
Carolina does, not mean. inurli. • I am,
afraid that his patriotism, means the
south , —and that his 'south means SoUth
Carolina, and that South Carolina is no
More than Fort Hill in South Carolina.
When a man lays claim to so. much, lie
i generally has'but little ; and wharf a tna
questions the want of palijotistu ano
firmness o
1 .-is fair that he, has liot too m.uch himself.
Referring to wile of - Mr Cappun's
reinarks about bribery and corlaiption,---
intended asAttenomrHasinuation—Mr
Clay said, if the Senator front South
Carolina wished to ralce•up the old story.:
of George . Kramer, : to cover his own na
kedness; he was wetaiitrie. •Mr Clay then
at length explained and defen4ed . hiS,vote
iipOr•that occasion. [Mr. Aclamt, the
venerable .lilx;‘President was beside Mr. !
Clay; and Mr Pope, who comes from - Iris
distrita„tat, before: him.] Mr Clay.
said that 'he, had never reg - fetted and
should Over. regret the vitte he the!!
gave. It was one of the proudest Te
flecticins of his life that he had contri-.
butcd in no way'tdelevilte the' . late Ex
ecutive of,-1-he:United,States. The vote
he had given-for-the- respected -gni-yen -
crated man , beside him, had The approval
of his own conscience; and the approval
of' the peoplectie in part represented.
They haltiTrie and again sanctioned - his
p`irte.
Clay-continued,. and said that-when
_ . ...
takes to prove his consistency, 'be.. will
uodertaket6proVe something which can
not be proved. Ile had not‘hcen consis
tent as I have proved and can prove
again. ••
, Irt conclusion, Mr Clay said the
tor has allimed himself to use epi-;
theta whkh are not customary in delibe
rative hodies,.. as 14stojn;!!.&e. 1, 1 an
swer', I hit've none • of these : epithets 'to
hut], and I can assure the Senator . that I
reciprocate all he-I%is said„.
The debate - was further. 'continued by
Mr Calhoun in repeated. retorts and re
joinders, and by Mi?'Pre - sion in; reply to
some rentai.ks .made-.by Mr - Clay in re
gat& to -o l ulltlication.-- • • •
.
Cortesfiopileuceqf:gic Eakin: Ancrican
. .
. 01.0 special, correspondent' transmits
to us the fallowing notice of, yesterday's
proceedings'ln Congre.ss: . . „ •
WASJIINGTON, March 12i
UNITED . sq..A. c .us STATES..
• -' Mr 'Buchanan presented' a memorial
from.Pennsylvanta against.the.practie of
duelling., ,T Ile .111C11101iajlwasread,..oti: -
dereirto be printed,_ and laid upon th,e
table.: -• ,--ar
. ,
' gr . Ott 11-7 o f-;N ..J:, prise n fed -a—memo.
rial from - New
. /14,k, N, .1 , upon'the sal);
jest of. tlie--I-ate , -cluv.l in.--the District. :of
TFT E sat b y.. 1 P R /11/4, 3 j r 1 S 3 @
_ . „.
Columbia, and- ddelliiig generally. The
memorial and the proceedings of the
meetingin New 'Ark 'were read in. full,
ordered to lie printed,, and laid on the
tUGIe.• - ", • , •
Crittendon - presented-a.-trumb,er' - of
resolutions from-the "Lygistatbre of Ken.
tucky; ,, eXpressidg the opinions of that
legislatbre and of the state. of Kentudicy
bpdh the subjeCt of the currency. ,
,•-Mr-C,:lletencled_the oiiiniOnS expressed
'in the reSolutiOns u ancl said he• took,pleas
tile in sub - s - Cribing to all the:-sertimems
they contained. ,Mr C. contended that
the IaWS, the conititution,,and -the tisages
of the country, were opposed to the i qrs 7 '
Om ofthe - :administration.- Ever me&
last 'December a de'Cided
had gone flirth against the experiment
-proposed lo the,Senate for its adoption.
.Not only' petilioos 'from, thousandi
deliberate; people; butt - the diberate,aCtion -of whole
!stateS; ,-- 14eW - Yorf4t.. - wi thAier ; fort-y-rca •
presentatives, had spoken - against this,
bill--Penbsylvahia ha's
,spolten ? against it
—Te'nnesSee Spoken_against -New
'Jersey has ..spoken,,againstl.74—.-and..all.
these states represented by 121 members
of': the other ,11 - ouse,-one half' orthe.
whole ; number of members'',==had spoken
against it, and 'other decided , opponents
united with those who had expreSsed
a con
opittions'against this measure. .. 1
said Mr C.,The. - meriabers of , the House
voted aceordingto the declared opinions
of the Statesohere yvould be,in the House
of Representatives ttinajority of
AGAttiNsT_the - bill before the Senate
-1-13u-t-one-st-a-tez-liaLF-5p0141,-fov-rt-he-bill-H
-S-atitre-a-rotilf-dritrli6-Itiroli—Stilit4-erdlitl
.alond• so faraS an expression of opinion
_vent. -±o.thers _bad attempted. ailexpres2
,sign_ of opinion in its faVer, but had . fail..
ed in the attempt.. • - • -
•- . The , resolu !ions • were then preenieci,
read and haid'upot - ififfe --- table..
After some miscellaneous biisiness, the
orikrs SU - 13cTREASIT
IRY BlLL,—were called.•.•
_
Webster was entitled fo ---- th'iltior - , ,
.and.commenced_his vet - narks by.saying•--..
Thelun,vions of this governnient 41( 7
.feeting its most important intgrests, -Wet*,
those connected with - trade and Com':
merce. Id6ntified as these were with"
the peat e.,,and = prosperity,of..theLcouniry,..
it was well to ebnsider these things,as
'they were: 'From nothing, the counit
becorrie great and magnificent. Our ex-'
ports were 5129,000,000,
.our Imports .
. was the a
mount of our tonnage.. It manufactures
most important, and- the Country was not
onlyast-..in_ligrade...lnitallStirlitie X tent ~
Our Foreign Debt,--:not our Commerciii
--tii,eit-
Sl2,ooo,ooo—hut - our loans amounted - to
not lesS than 8100,000,000. •
Mr Webster, after stating in a concise
manner, what was and What is the condi
tion of the country; physically and his
torically, entered upon a revisionof.its
financial prosperity—its currency, aitd .
the-peculiarity of its monetary system.
Otir currency was a mixed currency,
-part-paper-and pat t specie. Our
try, 'hall a cetnuri - old, had probed and
'ed = this
. mixed currency and fo`und it
ufficientio - rall - The purposes - of - lircH-f?r.-
.11 the wants of the county—for all the
business of the country. _
Thig system: of currency Wtis identified
with. the .credit'olXthe. , c - ountry.. Mr.
. Weistet: then entered upon a lucid and
eloquent review of .the credit , systern:of
the country. -• It was identifieil with the
happiness. of ~the country., ,It• encour-.
aged 1.1bOT: It united labOr with.capitaL
It made ..generally the laborer• the. capi
talist..
There were e . xceptions:to this,
but as a general.l.rerriark it was true.
Where-i4-this-capital pow? said Mr W.
I_ll your:banits,-,,"tin.yo_ur canals—in ,your
'ail roads--brnlice-4 . ?tifFoi.kgs—and
Sul lic works — trot in-use . but ,
, England; continued - 11-1r - Webster,
the capitalists - increase th eir' capital by
dividends tipon!the public_ debt of _G l reat.
Britalin. As capital, it favored
,nu'induS
try*it encouraged no industry--it Was
indentified Atli nothing. that. was active,
' • r---tha
COuld.the.debt of toglißci , be paid off at
once,_t_h_e . cSpitalists - who now inV'est their
, cipitpl in the.debt,.an,d who receive their
interest Ifbilrdirade - Pds --- tiracle - ttpon—the- 1
public debt—Could rlitt, said .54r-- Web
ster, be paid oil' to-morrow, the English
capitalist 'would invest nis7.-capital in
works , of public •improv'ement, and the
benefit would be immense to Wages
would increa se," and a - revolution would
be seen in every` part of England-.
The most aristheratic sentiment. ever
ettered_in thin'contikey, said Me.'W.Vwas
that Ivhich said tirert 4 those Whci tradekon
borrowed capital 611 . 0 t to break.,' And
what would he the effects of this?. said:,
Mr. Webster. Capital would be.hottulpd
and made a dead. inass,.arittnot as befOre,,
t litiing and, actiiV,e prittriple.. The
waS : to maim the - laboring elasseS of this
coun.try.bot Healy. Ilekter . than the serfs of
Russia. • ft. wog, this.''borroweil 7- c - apital
that gave
,prosperity t,o the 'new
and tlti representatiVes. of the new stales
should be' thetfirsf . to foster intl..encOnr
age. it. ~'[Mr : Webster pnrsued..thiS
.quiry Some.length and, with
_greet_
teeest, showing . the magic and , beneficial.
,'Poiver'nf-al:whialvisinne credit 'system.]
Much,, said Mr. NYebStet, .haS;beett said,
by' the Sonalcie ,:front
.§otith 'Citeolina of
~ .
theititerestS.,olthe cotton growing.states,
'And% what ilOiliS interest mare I an That
rt:ft
o_ e-gra i n_ : iro win g_ tottl_arl_nd ..
ana,;:,,
of , the %%raver and shoentalter OF Phila
deipiiia.,---of. the-producer .of..prb isions,
. . . .
-, , .0f-any_interest erjual With
_it in extent
--of the ; l6o,ooo„ooo.whicKlS the annual,
a.rnotititirtiffihe cotton
,prOduced -- in the
south? J . ,' Mdit is. a fair : calculation that
of thia,; - 4560,990,990, ° -' , --845,000,900; are
seut"eren the produeers, among the
employer ancrilie emplOyed. '!, ..•
Mr. Webster.weht on to illustrate the
interests of his own atatO, and,under the
head of Massachusetts an array 'orstai;t-:
ling; facts wererstated.to
With 700,000 people, and 8,0010 'square
- milesi'Massachusette, a small .state;-has
an annual product: of Si6o, to:every man,
woman - and .child in the state, .arid her
annual manufactures - arnount to 5140,-
000,000—:..This too, was for boots, and.
shoes, an.dleather, - and books i .and
and woolens, aniltfor like useful' articlo..
the .entire manufacture, Of_ jevrellry. a
r.nountecl only. to S or - 400,000 doll.
this whole hum. •!
yet wittt , th-cse:Xiints . -tie(ore.Aistran_
example of -multitude . of-such Nets - in
many of tlie suites=--agaitist this system
a cry of "molipoly" Wad made. It• made
:`nlie..ricli•ticher, and the. poor_ poorer,"_
was another eontemptible,'and base and
unpatriotic: . 'declared._Opinion upon. this
subject7—a dyintended to have on effect
on the Worse and _baser passions of men.
.Besides, oThing was morelalse and un
Am] ;1;1
• •
Web Mer then entered upon - ah ex
arnipatiun of—the--Bankilig=systemokhe
United StOtes..'Theretv•re, - he said, •in
the United - States 709,Xanks,--between 3
and . $40q,000,000.0f capital--s'Bo,ooo,=
000-61—spe,o-VeirtiodaB-1-P0)0(4000-of-bairk
yibraltrdirEillalliNZ''''llrlireifillEfrciaii=
rnentcd upon
,thcse. - sta,tiitics is, referenpe
lo_thcia:rratigetnentsi_innefi
•. -• • • .., . •..
'r • M r Webster then .said that if there had,
sheen 'an expanSiorrrof - thecurreney,---fi nd
:he did not doubt' but titere'hu4, been, - ;;- 7 -
I the
_government was the canse.
Mr W. read. a letter from the ,Seci7'etary .
_tif_the-iTre.asury. written - . just- after the.
removal Of theDeposites. Theletter
in
structed-the deposite. , : banksAii discount'
-Italie full amount of their ability,.and to
I . the full_means which the deposites allow- .
ed, giving - as-lattertlis.catilits• to the met--
..chat74s_as. ptiasible,..consisteut_Witli,other_
claims.. And yet for acting under and
.carrying Out these inStruttions, - the bill
before the Senate had introduced a section
of pains' and penalties. The Govern
. . ......_
menu cothinanded 'a thing,. the doing . of
which was to be punished with pains.an . d
penalties. , .
-- Alr''W - ebster - enlargftl-Upon-'this-bratich- •
-
undue excess - the Government alone was.
responsible. -•
Mr W. then made an argument to Show''' .
the , effect of contraction and-the necessi
ty of a liberal circulathin of notes among
the people. With but,i)pe ex.ceptiirt, and
that a recent one, he said there had not
been a time when our circulation was too
large for the wants of the country..:The
country Would have got got along, Mr
. said, Without A auspensioo,of specie '
,trients_ha_Lititet been. foe 'the Treasury
ortlerefjiily inanner., in which
that outer was executed. ,There Would
Without thisOrtie,r, no doubt, haire been
'suffering and distress, but the banks he.
thought.. would tiotiniV.e been compelled
to 'suspend Speei . e pay ni en ts'i e •
~ .The
,paper_ _circulatiOn • payments: .
the-
United State6nd Great Britain was. the,
next topic discussed - by ; NI r. Webder,
The difference between the ttvoCOuntriesj
and 14 causes of this differencee were .
• stated at length, and 'tvitb,great ability.l
Mr Webster proved diet ,we had - been
two: fold More, rigid. and severe in onli
dealingi with banks and monied, institu
tions; and had suffered two fold .evii (be
so-doing. .In our intercourse . with the.:
banks. the•interest of thts -- ,...,, - bankers - is•;at
100 to 1000. .1.1? e interest-4, - the - people;
the banks.
• - . 5000 to I 00.0., The.
_banlisbettifitted_the_ottnig as much as
theeountrY benefitted the banks. . Be.;
tween.the people and tlteanks, thefavor
shown to'.the. people, Wag' as four to One..
'Te - cry-agai nu t-t
dy, unnteaning and erroneous—and • btit
for effect:: "!-- • •
.Mr 'Webster tlieh'eame to the hill be,
fore, the Senate,..antrsaid:fte _should-con
sider itl..first, as _to ,its 4notle of keeping
gtiarding. the. public 'money,;. and se
condly, in reference' to, its effects. upon
tke cointnu,nity; • - Me Webster' asked' if
-the bill :was' to be succeeded. , by: - other.
measures - r•' Was the billAntended
away ail paper -- ciictilatiort?. --, Was'it in
tended to have a gold and silver:circula,
tion'exchisively?.- , Air:Webster ;tho"ught
not; and yet- that....was the .out- . -of-door ,
clamnr.,.... Down the -banksdown
with:these.: 700.:littlerluonsters 'was the.
cry out-of.-doors , and ..sometimeS• here.
however; it'.-Was. generally..ae
knowledged here thatthett-thust be,some
bankino-in the catintif; . .- .•
What,' said•Mr 'Webster;" - be the.
,c.op*queiice'or tIlk? Suppose We antie.i
'pate the, passtige,iii
allow _Some . .portinn:otthe
~ publicrifues'iti paper:
now .. cothei.and'zit:e,iclusiVet - ipecie 'part
prediction; : sajd Mr ! Webster;let'Sech a ,
1-ntettiVre_be,. autkeri zed o,inorfow_ .
•
E=l
ing, and ..,,betoVe five o'elock—to-mnrro.w
evening there' `-`,Viirl•Pbe goo . privat: banks.
in the community. Every broker
„wilt
become bankerevery body will bank - ,
and people .° will do' among themselvei
what the government' will not-allow to be
done.*.. • : •
roar; and twenty hours, said Mr'.
.Webster„ive should go back .threehun
dred year's• to the old Bank of, H ambu rg-r
• iii4ing..this. retrogreasivef Motion in the
space ofone do y; • . .
gOalciniTt . uytherof the iinPracticahill-'
tiorthiS:bitkind the . , payMent.of specie,
'Webster said that the daily payments
made in the city of - Netv York from bank -
to hank,. and fi om the peivie,to the - batiks - .
and the banks to the people;,was not, ieSs
than. sBo,ooo,ooo,_and that of
. the' whole
coun tyno Mg - than $25-0,000;0001-And
this to bo .Carried en iti specie! How
could
-it b - e - itoile; and Thovv_i..can done?
Impoisibro. •
The effects of this bill formed another
..pr_omment.part of Mr' WebsterN speech.
.The]tar payer was-to count out his'spetie
tO . .the receiver—the. T eceii-er,to the
'burser•:--tthe disburser to depositor;-,-and
depositors to .diabu r rsirs---and, the $.10,;•
000,600 received' for the revenue.must tie
iontotLfiv . Z.---iimes, or to the amount .of
$150,0:9,000. 1 -and4hus- we were . hi be,
come,; jThilitik. gene - ration
. 01
men-a nation of bell-ringers—symbol
tinkers-2-a bard "moneygovernment: ••
,
a-Leffect--tuiLtlic:_bls i at:B9_4'l(U
. 000000:-.wilt al ways-on-ap:Overige, unite
theioperations of this bill;te)ioarded:antl
kept I<om pudic _. use, i 0 cannorY:e=
some_ . payments:L-nevdr-:--neier...
rani willing to risk my. : nePutation : upon
thisassertion.
• Yeu can never' resume
specie-_payments And . , -coptimie The -rf._
sumption, tirileUs you :con tract_al most, alf
the-issues .necessary-lor the businesS of
the - community: -.Business - could trot go
on, and the beginning vvould.eifitiri•Antli
er suspension:.. The effect was inevitable
and undeniable. Contractions iniist tie
niade to a ruinous .extent under thiS bill
anthtlie,couniryrdistressed.and_destroyed.
'..The Constitutional questilin fiirinetf the
next subject :of Mr....Webster?s, speech;
and this was followed by..an eloquent and
powerful' reply. in answer to Mr.. Calhoun.
Mr. Webster began with the beginning,
and took . Mr. Callibuit up where - Mr: .
Clay.on SatUrday. had left him;
Cal he u n - ' s - sp - e eche rotring- -- ,tlath - e - li ad
cliangedhigpolicy.cin constittitional iiites
tions,anddirectly denied now what lie
.had ais . ,direetly. asserted_ years. gone. by.
The :powers of Congress was another
part Of Mr.,. Weliater's answer to, Mr.
Calhoun. Here, too, Mr. 'Webster prov
ed from WiTilen and printed testimony;,,
that he
. asserted now what 110 - m4..6(40re,
denied; and denied now-what he had -lie=
fore . aisei•tetr ;
" • [I must ci any_ here, iikwithout
ivin ; you the cluse of -Mr. Websfer's
. speecL7Tll47l - ea - vimr, -of—yourspeci al
messenger • compels inc . to Close where I
am.] •
Coi•respon(k.nce of the 13,11timore. A r'ae.
rican.
~.%S T AsglNcroN, - March 13, 1638.
Mr Webster closrd his - It-rnytks
yes
tefday about the time . T closed my 'pack
age— not, however, haying concladed his
speech. Mr. Webster, before he conciu
ded, made spine remarks upon a NatiOn
al Batik--of The-propriety, of having __ a
National Bank in New; Yol k of 550,000,-
00b . capitol; or if
. not 'in New , Yoik, in
Philadelphia.'. Mr .Webster. spoke of A
.National Bank in This eitk,anclflemarkecl
that an institution'of this king in-the Ns-
Wet Of would be Tar less'useful.
than. in some of the canitn.e . rOal,citiesof
-the Union. . . ' '
UNITED ,STATES s:E.I4.AT
The usual morning, buSinesi occupied'
the Senate,.the morning- hour. -Reports,
memorials, and. resolutionswere. present
ieblaid 1100 n
_the
_tat:lle, passed, referred,.
and adopted: , • • •..-
• ' Arnong the memcniAs presented was
one' front the , New York Typographical
Society, remonstrating' against the pas
sage' orany new law peon the subject of
a copy right...
Mr White,-frOni the Cciromittee of In
dian Affairs; reported a •bill supplemenl.
tary -to the Acts of '1830,.f0r the ,orani
zation of the - Departnient of. Indian A f'‘.
fairs,. to regulate the intercourse With the.
Indians,..and to
,provide for the Peace' Of
the, frontier. ' Read' kind *bidet ed to arit
cond ••
• After seine-in' iertranctin
'Sp r .l3,Tre6snrjr Dill ranie•up. . •
WthSter sitickthat upon this oeca
sion,ind upon .fOrrner occasipna,. he bact•
said. neat,ly all he .-ititendi dr.• to'.say upon .
the •subject;Of.w.UniforrnTipe'r currency,.
The „Exchanges . thexr. fore, ,would,• now:
form: the. Subject of-Al r...Wchster's fi, st
remarko, - .M.: , day.:-• - Upting ., the •exiitetitel
of the ,nl4 .United. hills w0.c . ' ! ..,
ezehanged,,Ot.the Ofifildelphia cininto 7 ttt
the.ia,te.of..E.lptk,oo - p_er
ralltied Otie'_ar.the Omni ples of 'exc'hartge'
'the trade ' between . ' KentinlyAnd
'Ycirk.•••ltentucky:solckto Sictiithindr, ,
bought of the North. and istas , :cOntipelled s
7 6:Chafe , ail: e!cs,o tio'ge, • be'w eelt• thii,Nortk.
.• • •
ISM
aVE it° SERIES, 11/"Piti. —al, 0... 1 8.
The •ham7trable'.memb - er - from Ohio,
said Mr.' Webster, (Mr.•Morrii,) lian • .
asked if 'the...GoVernment 'is 'bound to _
give the people brey4?" Give the' people.
bread! God' forhicl.r said Mr. Webster.
.The people of this :country never k -never
asked for bread—t-tey—Lnever - --wOuld ask
1 - ft -- ir . 'any iliing:6l-the.--kind, - .They wilted' .
fora good • government, and if you *III
„give thern..a goodovernment,
a'sk for nothing more.. ..They, Claim Pro;,
tection, not destruction. They ask, - Yoti. .
to make. Jaws, •wise; wholesome, • pit tr.,. •
They .neither isk you,to give
them bread,:nor will they.•receive it-at
_your hands. Give thein what they-ask.
Restore to. them what you „have taken .
frorn,..thetri4:L.aiid_if4bu_slo' not do thin
yourselves, freely and . voluntarily, they •
will compel you' to' give them au answer' .-
tirtheir claims. •
---Mr—We-bs-ter--tberi.corrrneneed- a reply
to Mr . Calhoun which b int • 'd With
an-eloquent-exordium -that ; claitned , the--
all present.
It 'is now; said Mr ,Nebster,• tienty
five yeas since)-made r acquaintance •
of
. :the lionoraide member '.‘froin
Carolina., The honorable member - pre; : , •
cedecl.me about a year and a ;half. We
entered, .therefore t .upon 'public life- tie •
,yOung..-men.—l--feend—hm then, ardenti
patriotic, national,
_'•cakholic, kmbitiotis;
*th higll 2 _q_ninded and :honorable •
attOition, - not law or I;ll:i.v , ,elling, Own -
any-love 'for iiii - roares and ft4hes of office •
We went -on- ,toge th er_ Until. •
.1824, when—We-:separated. -.During the
last ...Administratitin we • became again • .
, r .
.united-in-opposhig-th-petwer f -of-tl? . e•-:Ex 4, ---
_ecutive., We cpntintied
,torther'untit
the events-of Ma W
y.. eiep4ra!d-- , aild
it. - is - ti. - nfatter of dee andsiticere ie.:yet.
nrrthy - part - thartve have -Separated: •
Hite nciw 'stood where he once
-I should-be albeit happy- net '• only to .act
with him, but.to . - act onkel!.
follow. But,.We separate; and probs.
bly at 'our time of life, we separate_nevek
to
_he__ again. united. the - Senator will__
•ltelieve thavlpart:Troni him,shing •wi
him 'in --trn th_and_.Sincerit t hose-
Sonal good feelings.;--all thit prosperity -
and
happiness ..which :characterised our
first and earliest
_intercourse.
.We part, •
Mr Webster continued, muchtn my . re;;
greti , .forrin-iitnes-liket hesei-i-could-Vviilt.----:-
.he and I'Were together. •
Mr Webster was most eloquent in this . -
. part of his subject, and the crowdd - wipe
listened to him, did so 'with breathless _
iftention; an - cl with the greatest cbtreei- •
eeipeet.: • •
Mr Weblter continued; and said that
t ie_grgiltwett_p e he long; histort 7 L _ _
lie p_ublic
for front South Carolina- - render a e.lbse
examination of all he says'necesiary.-!-,.
Mr Webster then took up Mr Calhoun'S
September speech, proving that two' sets
of c ctrines inconsistent with each - other
wer 1 there advanced.•ln contirthatioti,
lie sh iired.that the effect of w•hat•Mr.
politi;
"eal :Money. power. Mr
AKeltster:sitcri,v.ed - this_ in along; poWerfal.
- .and practical 'argument. The 'Senator,
there, its he spill, Nier arguing for years
against 'this union—ad viectitbsil principle
which is sure to lead to thiS._
Mr - W - e - b - ster-therr-reed 7 A-stare-Meiii-of
Mr Calhoutt'S where the Senator from S.'
Car'olinuSaid""he rallied limier General,
jackscin to breal down the pot
an'd.thetarif,.." rallied uns
der Generall:.cit;:oti tireeicdOwn the ,
Tariff! • .
What, said r9r Yt.ehiter, does the
manufacturing state or New Jersey think,
of this? What doie thernighty'slatenf
Pennsylvania, which, like New Jersey,
rallied around General 'Jackson, think of •
Did'Pennsylvanirt,w
luring int.ei:eit is as dear' to, her - as her
heart's blood, rally aratind _General Jack- . •
r sOn for___Alte , -sake of break
protective system?- Diirfhe Sert . 4torsfroni
PennSylirania and the Senators from New
Jerseyvntaiii --- tilr.,, Webster; addressingl.•
himself to them, agree to any Stich thing?
Did the Senator froth
,Sonth- Carolina:-
tvhen'in Philadelphia Siete House yard: "..,-
1 - as the friend' of the fate Executive,- saj
I that he rallied , Around. General JacksOn
to, break down the tariff!„ Alr'l Webster
present ed. thtettei n_qritiptc_wit
.and-effect....Lthe..conelusion,waSt fiat
Ofighltl . - supporters 'Of , General"JacitSciti
Were composed of the inniviieferogenotis •
party that ever entered upon any
MI
enterprise. ' '• • •
Webster then ipc ke' 4Sf s
houn's lidgefield letter of the - JALNo'
venriber It ivas,'he said. a ,curiouS pro l
duction, strange and wo'nde'rful in the ex=
ti•eme, and a letter whith he - was shOoked
and astonishedlo see. ft read like a tni= •
Mary despatch—was full of Marches and
counter unarches= re.treati—.coverings—
a falling bacl here and a relrea: there ' re:.
one, of the sr 'en.-years war of
the king Or Fruisia,Lthe' jest Frederick
—what - army %vita almost every-where
at the same time', with this retwarkatile,
differenee; tffai he - itever—like the Sena)
toy from South' Carolina: --took a, positioni
to keep tin ally in check or,. tq eover
enemy. I , was shocked, `Said
ster,'Att , the
. sudAlen
about . and.goingove,rr 7 thisniiVelposition:
• Speaking a. ti?e:suddeit '4llange. Mit*
111 r e p ha ark. m rAYebster/siiid lie read -•-
'lluitAeiertil'years' ago, sotiae - rlif rhelvi_ts
OrEiV,liitalsvfote sairk f - tyietiutredivt'l
Gertrititis2-' 4 " gt,raytgefs4nct•by ' •
iictid 141 ovenAht ir polo r 4, , ,toid;rn
- :aiiiwiliiiiriwaviiitc7 -1 5ifdatioyinAt7of
than broke tfie Bilcuca by a loqd cXctletl'
El