VOL. XXXXJI.
February Prices
BICKEL'S
An immense stock of Seasonable Footwear to be closed
out in order to reduce our extremely large stock.
Ladies' Fine Shoes.
Ladies' $1.25 fnr trimm-d felt slippers * *•*
Ladies' fl 30 fine Dongoia patent tip shoes 1 "v
Ladies' 75c felt slippers
Ladies' fI.OO fine Jersey leggins •?*
Ladies' 60c ten button fine Jersey over gaiters TV
Children s 75c fine Jem y leggins '*'*
Children'a 85c fine patent leather shoee **'*
Children's 75c fine Dong jla shoes, spring heels
Infanta' 35c fine shoes, to select from i _
One lot Misses' fine shoes i'.*
One lot Ladies" fine slippers * _
Ladies' Laml>wool soles 10
Men's Fine Shoes.
Men's fl 50 fine satin-caif shoes JJJJ
Boy's $1.25 fine satin-calf shoes
Little Gknts' SI.OO fine K tin calf shoes ' «
Mens $2.50 fine Patent Leather shoes, latest styles 1 '»•»
Men's 90c fine felt slippers "*V
Men's $1 50 heavy sole arid tap working ehoes »
One lot Men s higb-< ut lox-toe shoes 1
All Winter Goods to be closecTout regardless of cost
Big Bargains in Felt Boots and Rubber Goods of all Kinds.
SOLE LEATHER by the side or cut to any amount you
wish to purchase.
SHOE-MAKERS SUPPLIES.
Repairing Promptly Done.
JOHN BICKEL,
128 S. Main St., BUTLER. PA.
EVERYBODY WAITING FOR IT
THE MODERN STORE-
Great Spring Muslin Underwear Sale Never before have wo offered
each bargains. Sale begins Wednesday morning. February Ist. and con
tinues till Saturday evening, February 11th.
JUST A FEW OF THE GRAND OFFERINGS
CHILDREN'S DRAWERS IQR
LADIES' CORSET COVERS . VC
- LADIES' TRIMMED CORHET COVERS 1 |Q R
PBAWEBB ,YT
LADIES' FINE LACE-TRIMtfED CORSET < OVERS ,
** DBAWEKS
CHILDREN' S ...
LADIES' 'FELL SIZE VioWNS , ( and
CTJRSET COVERS I Late ana • z(}/^
" SKIRTS KS ) Embroidery Trimmed^
LADIE3' GOWNS )
- SSSSB- COVERS Beautifully Trimmed 49c
DRAWERS _ _J ....
HANDSOMELY TIUMME!^'A ;WN- 1 *
BEIRTS ' Pi nt » famhr r 60C
i, - CORSET COVERS / rlnc camuric ovc
•• " DRAWERS I
Beautiful Onrnent* worth Si 25 anfl i!SO at BSc. tI.TS Gowns, Skirts. Corset
Coven, all at ft 25. 18.00 Con ns and Skirts, czqnlslto garments. *l,4*. r ancy
(jarments, lace and embrold«ry trimmed, making would cost more, lI.W. The
Boost and I jest at (2.58. Ft SO to p">.«). at a .living of a per '-erit.
SEE LA HUE CIKCCLARS FOK PARTLCL'LA HA.
EISLER-MARDORF COHPANY,
HW1221 Send In Your Mail Orders.
OPPOSITE HOTEL ARLINGTON PUTTER, PA,
IpßeduceVpricesl
I Carpets and Furniture.
j Why Not Get Some of the sargalns 4
# We are Offering Now. *2
A Any 75c all-wool carpet, made at 65.
► 10 per cent discount on cash price of any €
£< 9x12 Rug in stock. j
Any Couch in stock at 10, 20 and 25 per >
W cent off regular cash price. <
J Any Parlor Suit or Parlor Piece at greatly }
# reduced prices. J
W Any Extension Table in stock for less than <
F regular cash price. >
w Any thing this store has in stock for less i
than lowest cash price to make room for *
P epring goods. J
k We will pay the freight any place on earth. <
f COME 1N AND 00MPARE. W
| BROWN & CO. |
i No. 136 North Main St., Butler. M
[keck
g Merchant Tailor.
Fall and Winter Suitings
( ) JUST ARRIVED. ( )
142 North Main St.
KECK |
II Fall and Winter Millinery. |
•« » 4
Arrival of a large line of Street Hats, Tailor-made ±1
and ready-to-wear Hats. All the new ideas and
designs in Millinery Novelties. Trimmed and Un
trimmed Hats for Ladies, Misses and Children. All 'H
the new things in Wings, Pom-pons; Feathers,
t ; Ostrich Goods, etc, etc. 14
II Rockensteln's
! J tt
45 Millir\ery B v mpori 11 m, n?
t»3B fkjntli Main Htrc-et, Butler, Pa. j||
THE BUTLER CITIZEN.
Stele Library juijOe
I ©OfefeAß {
I Hat Sale ||
i Commence? Saturday, Jan. 14th, #
\ and lasts two weeks. We are a
5 not going to take np space tell- A
\ ing about these hats. Just come J
J in and see tliem. J
# J
\ $1 50 to $3 j
t *\
* Soft and Stiff Hats at |
| SIOO 5
i i
S A SIG CUT \
1 t
f in odd lots underwear, soft and J '
v stiff shirts and neckwear. ?
jjno. S.Wickj
€ HATTER AXD FURNISHER, . J
9 Peoples Phone. (515. #
J butleb, pa. $
? International {
J Stock Food. |s
P 3 feeds for one cent. j
) In 25c. 50c, SI.OO and »3. 60 ,
C Packages J
S International c
? Poultry Food. /
/ A 25c package contains 100 \
\ feeds for 12 fowls. C
C In 25c, 50c, sl. $3.50 Packages. J
? And all other International \
) Stock Food Co's remedies C
C 8914 \>j ?
? Redick & Grohman;
? 109 North Main St., 7
Butler, Pa.
Do You Buy Medicines?
Certainly You Do.
Then you want the best for the
least money. That is our motto.
Come and see us when in need of
anything in the Drug Line and
we are sure you will call again.
We carry a full line of Drugs.
Chemicals, Toilet Articles, etc
Purvis' Pharmacy
s. a. PUBVIS, Pu. G
Both Phones.
218 S Main St. Butler Pa.
Vinol
The Great Tonic
and
Flesh Builder.
The best remedy for
throat and lung trouble.
We have the exclusive
agency for this remedy.
Ask for a calendar.
THE
Crystal Pharmacy
R. M. LOGAN, Ph. G.,
BOTH PHONES.
106 N. Main St., Butler, Pa.
L. H. McJUNKIN. I ISA McJUNKIN"
OEO. A. MITCIIF.I.L.
fc. S McJUNKIN &r CO.,
Insurance & Real Estate
117 E Jefferson St.
QUTbER, .... PA
M. A. BERKIMER,
Funeral Director,
245 S. MAIN ST., BUTLER, PA
BUTLER, PA., THURSDAY,
PROFESSIONAL CARDS.
PHYSICIANS,
T C. BOYLE, M. D.
T) . EYE, EAS, NOSE and THROAT,
SPECIALIST.
121 East Cunningham Street.
Office Honrs 11 to 12 a. m.. 3 to 5 and
7 to 9 p. m.
BOTH TELEPHONES.
DB7 JULIA E. FOSTER,
OSTEOPATH.
Consultation aDd examination free.
Office hours —9 to 12 A. M.. 2 to
M., daily except Sunday Evening
appointment.
Office—'Stein Block, Rooms 9-l<), Bu R
ler, Pa. People's Phone 478.
pLARA E. MORROW, D 0.,
V GRADUATE ROSTON CGLUKJK OF
OSTEOPATHY.
Women's disease? a specialty. Con
sultatian and examination free.
Office Hours, 9to 12 m., 2 to 3 p. m
People's Phone 573.
u6 S. Main street, Butler, Pa
p M. ZIMMERMAN
"I. PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON
At 327 N, Main St.
R. HAZLETT, M. D.,
1 106 West Diamond,
Dr. Graham's foroicr ot^ce.
Special attention g'.vsL. to Eye. y ;.*«
and Throat Peoole's Phone 274.
OAMUEL M. BIPPUS,
PHYSICIAN AND SCBGFON
200 West O.ininghatn St.
DENTISTS.
DR FORD n. HAYES.
DENTIST
Graduate of Dental Department,
University of Pennsylvania.
Office— 215 S. Main Street, Butler, Pa
HR. S. A. JOHNSTON,
I* GRJITNEON DENTIST.
Formerly of Bntler,
Has located opposite Lowry Honse, 1
Main St., Butler, Pa. The finest work i
a specialty. Exjieit painless extractor 1
of teeth by his new method, no medi- ;
cine used or jabbing a needle into the
gums; also gas and ether used. Com j
munitiatiGns by mail receive prompt at .
tent ion.
f|R J. WILBERT McKEE,
1/ SURGEON DENTIST
Office over I.eighner's ,Jewelry store, 1
Butler, Pu
Peoples Telephone 505.
A specialty made of gold fillings, gold j
crown and bridsre work.
m J HINDMAN,
V? , DENTIST.
12 South Main street, (ov Metzer's j
shoe store. 1
nR. H. A. McCAXDLRSS,
DENTIST.
Office in Butler County National Bank
Building, 2nd floor.
DR. M. D. KOTTRASA,
Successor to Dr. Johnston.
DENTIST
Office at No 114 K. Jefierson St., over
O. W. Millet's giocerv
ATTORNEYS.
RP. SCOTT,
• ATTORNEY-AT-LAW,
Office in Butler Conu'y Natiornl
Bank building
4 T. SCOTT,
rl» ATTORN KY AT LAW.
Office at No. 8. West Diamond St. But
ler. Pa.
POL'LTKR & BAKER,
v ATTORNEYS At
Office in Butler Ciuuty National
Bank building.
JOHN W. COULTER,
A TTOR NEY AT-LA W.
Office on Diamond, Butler, Pa.
Special attention given to collections
and business matters.
I D McJUNKIN.
'/ • A"ir*oßNi»y-A*-LAW.
Office in Reiber building, cornei Main
and E. Cunningham Sts, Entrance on
Main street.
j B. HKEDIN,
•' ' ATTORNEY AT LAW.
Office on Main St. nc.ar Court Hous>
[1 11. GOUCHER,
' 1 • ATTORNEY AT LAW.
Office In Wise buil'lin^
EH. NEGLEY,
• ATTORNEV AT LAW.
Office In the t-Jegley Building, West
Diamond.
\Y C. FINDLEY,
M . ATTORNEY-AT-LAW, AN'D
PENSION ATTORNEY.
Office on South side of Diamond,
Sutler, Pa
MISfjELLANEODS.
|i F. L. McQUISTION,
V. CIVII. ENGINEER AND SURVKVOK
Office near Court House
I P. WALKER,
NQ'+'ARV PUUI.IC,
BUTI.HH,
Office with Berkmer, next door to P. O
D F. BILLIARD,
!>• GENERAr. Surveying.
MineM and Land. County Surveyor.
R. F D. 4'J. West Snnbnry. Pa.
VI C WAGN EK
ARTIST PHOTOGRAPHER
130 South Main Ht..
CATARRH
A« ; fever4)^^
T -' %/
j
£ X-V*
ELY'S CREAM BALM
This Remody i« a Specific,
Suro to Civo Satisfaction.
CIVES RELIEF AT ONCE.
It el('iiiinf<s, soothes, lieals, and protect* the
diseased iiioinbraiio. It eur<;H ('utarrh and
drives away a f!'>id in the Head quitkly.
Restores tlio Senses of 'Lute and Smell.
Easy to UHD. Contains no injurious drugs.
Applied into tho nostrils and absorbed.
Large Size, f.U eon is at Druggists or by
mail; Trial Size, 10 cents by mail.
ELY BROTHt-KO, 53 Warren SI., Now York,
AdvertlKJ in The Oitizeu.
§The Simple Life
By CHARLES WAGNER
Translated From the French by Mary Louise Hendee
J Cooyriaht, 1001. by McClur*. Phillips Is Co.
CHAPTER XI.
SIMPLE IJEAUTT.
SOME one may protest against
the nature of the simple life
in the name of aesthetics or op
pose to ours the theory of t!.e
pervioe of luxury, that providence of
business, fostering mother of arts aud
grace of civilized society. We shall
try briefly to anticipate these objec
tions.
It will no doubt have been evident
that the spirit which animates these
pages is not utilitarian. It would be
an error to suppose that the simplicity
we seek has anything in common with
that which misers Impose upon them
selves through cupidity or narrow
minded people through false austerity.
To the former the simple life is the
pne that costs least; to the latter it is
A Bat and colorless existence, whoso
merit lies in depriving oneself of ev
erything bright, smiling, seductive.
It displeases us not a whit that peo
ple of large means should put their
fortune into circulation Instead of
hoarding It, so giving life to com
merce and the fine art". That i* l "i*
ing one's privileges to good advantage.
What we would combat is foolish prod
igality. the selfish use of wealth and,
above all, the quest of the superfluous
on the part of those who have the
greatest need of taking thought for the
necessary. The lavishness of i\ il«<
sas ro'ulu not nave the same effect in 1
a society as that of a common spend
thrift who astonishes his contempo
raries by the magnificence of his life
and the folly of his waste. In thesp
two cases the same ttirp» means very
different tiling*. To scatter money
broadcast does not say it at all. There
are ways of doing It which ennoble
men and others which degrade them.
Besides, to scatter money supposes
that one is well provided with it.
When the love of sumptuous living
takes possession of those whose means
w r« limited the matter becomes ,
strangeiy altered. And a very strlk- I
ing characteristic of our time is the j
rage for scattering broadcast which !
the very people have who ought to
husband their resources. Munificence
Is a benefit to society; that we grant
willingly. Let us even allow that the
prodigality of certain rich men 1>» a
gafetv valvp i'n' thu eaoape of the su
perabundant. We shall not attempt to
gainsay it. Our contention Is that too
many people meddle with the safety
valve when to practice economy is the
part of both their Interest and their
duty. Their extravagance is a private
misfortune nud a public dangur.
Hu much for the utility of luxury.
Wc now wish to explain ourselves
upon the question of aesthetics —oh t
very modestly and Without trespass
ing on the ground of the specialists.
Through a too common illusion sim
plicity and beauty are considered as
rivals. But simple Is not synonymous
with ugly any more than sumptuous,
stylish and costly are synonymous with
beautiful. Our eyes are wounded )>y
bpectaclt; of gaudy orna
ment, venn! art and senseless and
graceless luxury. Wealth coupled with
bad taste sometimes makes us regret
that so much money Is In circulation
to provoke the creation of such a prod
igality of horrors. Our contemporary
art suffers sts muph from th« want of
■lnipllcity as does our literature - too
much in it that Is irrelevant, over
wrought, falsely imagined. Rarely Is It
given us to contemplate in line, form
or color that simplicity allied to per
fection which commands the eyes ns
evidence does the mind, We need to
bo rebaptized in the ideal purity of
Immortal beauty which puts Its seal
on the masterpieces. One shaft of Its
radiance Is worth more than all our
pompous exhibitions.
Yet what we now lmvo most nt heart
Is to speak of th* ordinary aesthetics
of life, of the care one should bestow
upon the adornment of Ida dwelling
and his person, giving to existence that
luster without which It |ael[s chunn.
for It Is not a matter of Indifference
whether man pays attention to these
superfluous necessities or whether he
does not; it is by them that we know
whether he puts soul into his work.
Far from considering It as wasteful to
give time and thought to the perfect
ing, beautifying and poetizing of
foniiH, I think we should spend as much
as we can upon them. Nature gives
us her example, and the man who
should affect contempt for the ephem
eral splendor of beauty with which
we garnish our brief days would lose
bight of the Intentions of Idm who has
put the same care and love Into the
painting of the lily of an hour and the
etcrnnl hills.
But we must not fall Into the gross
OlTf.r of eohfoundlng true beauty with
that which has only the name. The
beauty and poetry of existence He In
the understanding we have of It. Our
homo, our table, our tlress, should bo
the Interpreters of Intentions. That
these Intentions be so expressed It Is
first necessary to have them, and ho
who possesses them makes them cvl
dent through the simplest means One
need not be rich to give grace and
charm to his habit and his habitation.
It suffices to have good tasto and good
will. Wo come here to a point very
Important to everybody, but perhaps
of more Interest to women than to
men.
Those who would have women con
ceal themselves In coarse garments of
the Hhapeiess uniformity of bags vio
late nature In her very heart and mis
understand completely the spirit of
things. If dress were only a preenu
tlon to shelter us from cold or rain a
piece of sacking or the skin of a lteast
would answer. But It Is vastly more
than this. Man puts himself entire
Into all that he does. lie transforms
Into types the things that serve him.
The dress Is not simply a covering; it.
Is a symbol. I call to witness tho rich
flowering of national and provincial
costumes and those worn by our early
corporations. A woman's toilet, too,
lias something to say to us. The more
meaning there Is in It tho greater its
worth. To be truly beautiful It. must
tell us of beautiful things, things per
sonal and veritable. Spend all the mon
ey you possess upon It; If Its form Is
determined by chance or custom, If It
has no relation to her who wears It, It
Is only toggery, n domino. Ultra fash
ionable dress, which completely uiasks
feminine personality under designs of
pure convention, despoils It of its prin
cipal attraction. From this abuse it
comes about that many thing); which
! women ttdmlre do as much wromj to
their beauty as to the purses of their j
husbands and fathers. What would
you say of a young girl who expressed
'her thoughts in terms very choice in
deed, but taken word for word from a
phrase book? What charm could you
find in this borrowed language? The
effect of toilets well designed in them
selves. but seen again and agaiu en
Ail women indiscriminately, is precise
ly the same.
I cannot resist citing here a passage
from Camille Lemonnier that harmo
nizes with my idea;
"Nature has given to the fingers of
woman a charming art, which she
knows by Instinct and which Is pecul
iarly her own, as silk to the worm and
lacework to the swift and subtle spi
der. She is the poet, the interpreter of
her own grace and ingenuousness, the
spinner of the mystery in which her
wish to please arrays itself. All the
talent she expends In her effort to equal
man In the other arts Is never worth
the spirit and conception wrought out
through a bit of stuff in hep skillful
hands.
"Well, I wish that this art were more
honored than it is. As educatiou should
consist in thinking with one's mind,
feeling with oue's heart, expressing the
little personalities of the inmost, invis
ible 'l'—which, on the contrary. «re
repressed, leveled d<jvi n, by conformi
ty—J wouiit that the young girl in her
novitiate of womanhood, the future
mother, might early become the little
exponent of tills art of the toilet—her
own dressmaker, in short-aho who one
day shall niak* the dresses of her chil
dren, but with the taste and the gift
to Improvise, to express herself In that
masterpiece of feminine personality
and skill, a gown, without which a wo
man is no more than a bundle of rags."
The dress you have made for your
self is almost always the most becom
ing, and, however that may be, It Is
the ony that pleases you most. Wom
of leisure too often forget this;
working women also in city and coun
try alike. Since these last are cos
tumed by dressmakers and milliners
lu very doubtful imitation of the mod
ish world, grace has almost disappear
ed from their dress. Apd has anything
more surely the gift to please than the
fresh apparition of a young working
girl or a daughter of the fields wearing
the costume of her country and beau
tiful from her simplicity alone?
These same reflections might Vfi ..!•
piled to the fashion of decorating and
arranging qur uuuses. If there are toi
ieis which reveal an entire conception
of life, hats that are poems, knots of
ribbon that are veritable works of art,
so there are interiors which after their
marmer upeak to the mind. W by, un
der pretext of decorating our homes,
do we destroy that personal character
which always has such value? Why
have our sleeping rooms conform to
those of hotels, our reception rooms to
waiting rooms, by muklng predomi
nant a uniform type of official beauty?
What u pity to go through the
houses of a city, the cities of a country,
the countries of a vast continent, and
encounter everywhere certain forms
identical, inevitable, exasperating by
their repetition! How aesthetic* would
gain by liiory simplicity! Instead of
this luxury In Job lots, till these deco
rations, pretentious, but -apld from
Iteration, we should have an Infinite
variety; happy Improvisations would
strike our eyes, the unexpected in n
thousand forms would rejoice our
hearts, and we should rediscover the
secret t<f impressing on a drapery or
a piece of furniture that stamp of hu
man personality which makes certain
nnthiuea priceless.
Let us pass at last to thins* simpler
still; I mean tbt» details of house
keeping which many young people of
our day find so unpoetlcal. Their con
tempt for material things, for the hum
ble cares a house demands, arises front
a confusion very common, but none the
Jess unfortunate, which comes from
the belief that beauty and poetry ure
within some things, while others lack
them; that some occupations are dis
tinguished and agreeable, such as culti
vating letters, playing the harp, and
that othors are menial and disagree
able, like lilucklug shoes, sweeping and
watching the pot boll. Childish error!
Neither harp nor broom has anything
to do with It. All depends on the hand
in which they rest and th« spirit that
moves It. Poetry Is not In tilings; It
l« lu us. it must It® impressed ou ob
jects from without, as the sculptor Im
presses his dream on the marble. If
our life and our occupations remain
too often without charm lu spite of any
outward distinction they may have It Is
becuuso we have not known how to put
anything into them. The height of art
Is to make the inert live and to tame
the savage. I would have out young
girls apply themselves to th© develop
ment of the truly feminine art of giv
ing a soul to things which have none.
The triumph of woman's charm is lu
that work. Only a woman knows how to
put into a home that Indefinable some
thing whose virtue has mude the poet
say, "The luitiso top rejoices aud Is
glad," They say there are no such
things as fairies or that there are
fairies uo longer, but they know not
what they say. The original of the
fairies sting by poets was found and Is
still among those amiable mortal* who
knead bread with energy, mend rents
with cheerfulness, nurse the sick with
smiles, put witchery Into a ribbon and
Renins Into a stew.
It Is indisputable that the culture of
Lite lint? arts has somethlnM refining
about It and that our thoughts and
nets are In the end Impregnated with
that which strikes our eyes. But the
sxerclse <if the arts and the contempla
tion of their products are restricted
privileges. It Is not given to every one
to possess, to comproiiena <>r to create
fine things. Yet there Is a kind of
ministering beauty which may tuako
Its way everywhere the beauty width
springs from the hands of our wives
and daughters. Without It what Is
the most richly decorated house? A
dead dwelling place. With It the bar
est home has llfo and brightness.
Among the forces capable of trans
forming the will aud Increasing happi
ness there Is perhaps none in morv
universal use than this beauty. It
knows how to shape Itself by liieaus
if the crudest tools In the midst of
the greatest difficulties. When the
dwelling Is cramped, the purse limited,
the table modest, a woman who litis
the gift finds a way to make order,
fitness and convenience reign In her
house. Bbe puts care and art iuto
everything she undertakes. To do well
what one has to do Is not in her eyes
the privilege of the rich, hut the right
of all. Tbiit la her aim, and she knows
how to give her home a dignity and an
attractiveness thnt the dwellings of
princes. If everything is left to iner
leuarles, cannot possess.
Thus understood life quickly shows
i Itself rich In hidden beauties, la at
tractions and satisfactions close at
hand. To bo oneself, to realize In one's
natural place the kind of beauty which
Is fitting there—this Is the ideal. llow
I the mission of woman broadens and
j deepens In significance when it la sum
. med up in this: To put a soul Into the
i lnanimnte and to give to this gracious
1 spirit of things those subUe and win
some outward manifestations to which
the most brutish of human beings is
sensible! Is not this better than to
covet what one has not and to give
oneself up to longings for a poor im
ltaUon of others' finery?
CHAPTER XII.
PRIDE AKD SIMPLICITY IK THE IKTER
COCBSE OF MEK.
IT would perhaps be difficult to find
a more convincing example than
pride to show that the obstacles to
a better, stronger, sereuer life are
rather in us than In circumstances.
The diversity and, more than that, the
contrasts in social conditions give rise
inevitably to all sorts of conflicts. Yet,
in spite of this, how greatly would
social relations be simplified if we put
another spirit into mapping out our
plan of outward necessities! Be well
persuaded that it is not primarily dif
ferences of class and occupation, dif
ferences In the outward manifesta
tions of their destinies, which embroil
men. If such were the case, we should
find an Idyllic peace reigning among
colleagues and all those whose inter
ests and lot are virtually equivalent.
On the contrary, as every one knows,
the most violent shocks come when
equal meets equal, and there is no
war worse tbau civil war. But that
which above all things else hinders
men from good understanding Is pride.
It makes a man a hedgehog, wounding
every one he touches. Let us speak
first of the pride of the great
What offends me in this rich man
passing In his carriage Is not his equi
page, his dress or the number and Rplen
dor of his retinue. It is his contempt.
That he possesses a great fortune does
not disturb me, unless I atu badly dis
posed. But that he splashes me with
mud, drives over my body, shows by
his whole attitude that 1 count for
nothing in his eyes because I am not
rich, like himself—this is what dis
turbs me, and righteously. He heapa
suffering upon me needlessly. He hu
miliates and insults gratuitously.
It is not what la vulgar within me, but
what Is uoblest, that asserts Itself In
thu face of this offensive pride. Do
not accuse me of envy. I feel none.
It Is my manhood that Is wounded.
We need not search far to illustrate
these ideas. Every man of any ac
quaintance with lif« has had numerous
experiences which will Justify our
<J!ctl»iJi in his eyes.
In certain communities devoted to
material interests the pride of wealth
dominates to such a degree that men
are quoted like values In the stock
market. The esteem In which a man
Is held is proportionate to the contents
of his strong box. Here "society" Is
made up of big fortunes, the middle
class of medium fortunes. Then come
people who have little, ihen those who
have nothing. All Intercourse Is regu
lated by this principle. And the rela
tively rich man who has shown his
disdain fur those less opulent is crash
ed in turn by the contempt of his su
periors in fortune. So the mnditess of
comparison rages from the summit to
the base Such nn atmosphere Is ready
to perfection for the nurture of the
worst feeling. Vet It Is not wealth,
but tli© spirit of the wealthy, that
must be arraigned.
Many rich men are free from this
gross conception—especially is this
true of thosv who from father to sou
are accustomed to ease—yet they some
times forget that there Is a certain del
icacy in not making contrasts too
marked. Suppose there is uo wrong
}i enjoying a largo superfluity, is it
Indispensable to display it, to wound
the eyes of those who lack necessities,
to flaunt oue's magnificence at the
tloors of poverty? <lood tasto and a
sort of modesty always hinder a well
man from talking of hla flue appetite,
his sou ad sleep, his exuberance of spir
its, in the presence of one dyiug of
consumption. Many of the rich do not
exercise this tact and so aro greatly
wanting In pity and discretion. Are
they not unreasonable to complain of
envy after having done everything to
provoke It?
But the greatest lack is that want of
discernment which leads men to ground
their pride in their fortune. To begin
with, It ts a childish confusion of
thought to consider wealth as a person
al quality. It would I e hard to find
a more ingenuous fashion of deceiving
oneself as to the relative value of the
container and the thing contained. I
have no wish to dwell on this question
It Is too painful. Ami yet one cannot
e.dut saying to those ifTitcerntsl: "Take
tare; do not confound what you ptusesa
tvith what you are. Go learn to know
the underside of worldly splendor,
that you may feel Its morul misery and
its puerility." The traps pride sets
for us are too ridiculous. Wo should
distrust association with a thing that
makes us hateful to our nolghbors and
robs ns of clearness of vision.
Ho who yields to the pride of riches
forgets litis other point, the most Im
portant of all, that possession Is a pub
lic trust. Without doubt Individual
wealth Is as legitimate as individual
existence and liberty. These tilings
aro Inseparable, and it la a dream
pregnant with danger* that offers bat
tle to such fundamentals of life. Hut
the Individual touches society at every
point, and all he does should be tlouo
with the whole In view. Possession,
then, Is less a privilege of which to be
proud than a charge whose gravity
should be felt As thero Is an appren
ticeship, often very difficult to serve,
for the exercise of every social office, so
this profession we call wealth demands
an apprenticeship. To know how to
be rich Is an art, and one of the least
easy of arts to master. Most people,
rich and poor alike, Imagine that In
opulence one has nothing to do but to
tako life easy. That Is why so few
men know how to be rich. In the hands
of too many wealth, according to the
genial and redoubtable comparison of
Luther, Is like it harp In the hoofs of
an ass. They have no Idea of tho man
ner of Its use.
So when we encounter a man at once
rich and sluiple~-that Is to soy. who
considers his wealth as a means of ful
filling his misslou In the world—we
should offer him our homage, for he Is
surely mark worthy. lie has sur
mounted obstacles, borne trials and tri
umphed In temptations, both gross and
subtle. He does not fall to discrimi
nate between the contents of his pock
ctbook aud the contents of his head or
heart, and he docs not intimate his
fellow men In figures. Ills exceptional
position. Instead of exalting him,
makes him htjmble, fyr he In very HO-
Bible of how far he falls short of reach
ing the level of his duty. He has re
mained a man. That says It all. He
Is accessible, helpful and far from
making of his wealth a barrier to sep
arate him from other men; he makes It
a means for coming nearer and nearer
to them. Although the profession of
riches has been so dishonored by the
selfish and the proud, such a man as
this always makes his worth felt by
every one not devoid of a sense of Jus
tice. Each of us who comes in contact
with him and sees him live Is forced to
look within and ask himself the ques
tion, "What would become of me In
such a situation—should I keep this
modesty, this natnralness, this upright
ness which uses Its own as though It
belonged to others?" So long as there
Is a human society In the world, so long
as there are bitterly conflicting Inter
ests, so long as envy and egoism exist
on the earth, nothing will be worthier
of honor than wealth permeated by the
spirit of simplicity. And It will do
more than make Itself forgiven; It will
make Itself beloved.
More dangerous than pride inspired
by wealth is that inspired by power,
and I mean by the word every preroga
tive that one man has over another, be
it unlimited or restricted. I see no
means of preventing the existence In
the world of men of unequal authority.
Everj* organism supposes a hierarchy
of powers; we shall never escape from
that law. But I fear that if the love
of power Is so widespread the spirit of
power is almost impossible to find.
From wrong understanding and mis- ,
use of it those who keep even a frac
tion of authority almost everywhere
succeed in compromising it.
Power exercises a great influence
over him who holds It A head must
be very well balanced not to be dis
turbed by It. The sort of dementia
which took possession of the Roman
emperors in the time of their world
wide rule is a universal malady whose
symptoms belong to all times. In ev
ery man there sleeps a tyrant, await
ing only a favorable occasion for wak
ing. Now, the tyrant Is the worst en
emy of authority, because he furnishes
us Its intolerable caricature, whence
come a multitude of social complica
tions, collisions and hatreds. Every
man who says to those dependent on
him, "Do this because It Is my will and
pleasure," does 111. There Is within
each one of us something that Invites
us to resist personal power, and this
something Is very respectable, for at
bottom we are equal, and there Is no
one who has the right to exact obedi
ence from me because he Is he and I
am I. If he does so his command de
grades me, and I have no right to suf
fer myself to be degraded.
One must have lived In schools, In
workshops. In the army. In government
offices, he must have closely followed
the relations between masters and
sen-ants, have observed a little every
where where the supremacy of man
exorcises Itself over man, to form any
idea of the Injury done by those who
use power arrogantly. Of every free
soul they make a slave soul, which Is
to say the soul of a rebel. And It ap
pears that this result, with Its social
disaster, is most certain when ho who
commands Is least removed from the
station of him who obeys. The most
Implacable tyrant Is the tyrant himself
under authority. Foremen and over
seers put more violence Into their deal
ings than superintendents and employ
ers. The corporal Is generally harsher
than the colonel. In certain families
where madam has not much more ed
ucation than her maid the relations be
tween them are those of the convict
and his warder. And woe everywhere
to him who falls Into the hands ef ft
subaltern drunk with his authority!
We forget that the first duty of him
who exercises power is humility.
Haughtiness Is not Authority. It Is not
wo who are the law; the law is over
lir Leads. We only Interpret It, but to
make It valid In the eyes of others we
must first be subject to it ourselves.
To command and to obey In the society
of men are, after all, but two forms of
the same virtue—voluntary servitude.
If you aro not obeyed. It Is generally
because you have not yourself obeyed
first.
The secret of moral ascendency rests
with those who rule with simplicity.
They soften by the spirit the harshness
of the fact Their authority Is not in
shoulder straps, titles or disciplinary
measures. Thoy make use of neither
ferule nor threats, yet they achieve ev
erything. Why? Because we feel that
they are themselves ready for every
thing. That which confers upon a man
the right to demand of another the sac
rifice of his time, his money, his pas
sions, even his life, Is not only that he
is resolved upon all these sacrifices
himself, but that he has made them fn
advance. In the command of a man
animated by this spirit of renunciation
there Is a mysterious force which com
municates Itself to him who Is to obey
und helps him do his duty.
In all tlio provinces of human activi
ty there are chiefs who Inspire,
strengthen, magnetize their soldiers;
under their direction the troops do
prodigies. With them one feels himself
capable of any effort, ready to go
through fire, as tho saying has ft, and
if he goes it Is with enthusiasm.
But the pride of the exalted is not the
only pride; thero is also the pride of
the humble—this arrogance of under
lings, fit pendant to that of the great
Tho root of these two prides U the
same. It is not alone that lofty and
Imperious being, the man who says,
"I am tho law," that provokes insur
rection by his very attitude; it is also
that pigheaded subaltern who will not
admit that thero Is anything beyond
his knowledge.
There are really many people who
find all superiority Irritating. For them
every piece of advice Is an otTense, ev
ery criticism an imposition, every order
nn outrage on their liberty. They would
not know how to Bubnilt to rule. To
respect anything or anybody would
seem to them a mental aberration.
They sny to people after their fashion,
"Beyond us there is nothing."
To the family of the proud belong also
those difficult and supersensitive peo
ple who In humble Ufo find that their
superiors never do them fitting honor,
whoin tho best and most kindly do not
succeed In satisfying and who go about
their duties with the air of a martyr.
At bottom these disaffected minds have
too much misplaced self respect. They
do not know how to fill their place sim
ply, but complicate their life and that
of others by unreasonable demands
and morbid suspicions.
When ono takes tho trouble to study
men at short range he Is surprised to
find that prldo has so many lurking
pin res among those who are by com
mon consent called the humble. So
powerful Is this vice that it arrives at
forming round those who live in the
most modest circumstances a wall
which isolates them from their neigh
bors. There they are, intrenched, bar
ricaded with their ambitions sud their
contempts, as Inaccessible as the pow
erful of earth behind their aristocratic
prejudices. Obscure or illustrious,
pride wraps Itself in its dark royalty
of enmity to tho human race. It is the
sumo in misery fend In hlgh_ places—
No. 5.
■biit&ry uui Impotent on guard against
everybody, embroiling everything. And
the last word about It Is always this:
If there is so much hostility and ha
tred between different classes of men
It Is due less to exterior conditions then
to an interior fatality. Conflicting in
terests and differences of situation dig
ditches between us, it Is true, but prld#
transforms the ditches Into
in reality It Is pride alone which cries
from brink to brink, "There is nothing
la common between you and os!"
We have not finished with pride, bat
it Is impossible to picture it under all
its forms. I feel most resentful against
it when It meddles with knowledge and
appropriates that. We owe our knowl
edge to our fellows, as we do our riches
and power. It Is a social force which
ought to be of service to everybody,
and it can only be so when those who
know remain sympathetically near to
those who know not When knowl
edge is turned into a tool for ambltloi
it destroys Itself.
And what shall we say of the pride
of good men? For it exists and makes
even virtue hateful. The Just who re
pent them of the evil others do remain
in brotherhood and social rectitude.
But the Just who despise others for
their faults and misdeeds cut them
selves off from humanity, and their
goodness, descended to the rank of an
ornament for their vanity, becomes
like those riches which kindness does
not Inform, like authority untempered
by the spirit of obedience. Like proud
wealth and arrogant power, super
cilious virtue also is
fosters in man traits and an attitude
provocative of I know not what The
light of It repels Instead of attracting,
and those whom it deigns to distin
guish with its benefits feel as though
they had been slapped In the face.
To resume and conclude. It Is an error
to think that our advantages, what
ever they are, should be put to the
service of our vanity. Each of them
constitutes for him who enjoys It an
obligation and not a reason for vain
glory. Material wealth, power, knowl
edge, gifts of the heart and mind, be
come so much cause for discord when
they serve to nourish pride. They re
main beneficent only BO long as they
are the source of modesty In those who
possess them.
Let us be humble if we have greet
possessions, for that proves that we
tre great debtors. All that s man has
fee owes to some one, and are we sure
of being able to pay our debts?
Let us be humble if we sit in high
places and hold the fate of others In
Our hands, for no clear sighted men
can fall to be sensible of unfitness for
ao grave a role.
Let us be humble if we have much
knowledge, for It only serves to better
•how thevastness of the unknown, and
to compere the little we have dis
covered for ourselves with the ampli
tude of that which we owe to the pains
of others.
And, above all, let us be humble if we
are virtuous, since no one should be
more sensible of his defects than he
whose conscience is Illumined, and
since he, more than any one else, should
feel the need of charity toward evil
doers, even of suffering In their steed.
"And what about the necessary dis
tinctions in life?" Bome one may ask.
"As a result of your simplifications
are you not going to destroy that sense
of the difference between men which
must be maintained if society exists
at all?"
I have no mind to suppress dlstlno
tlons - nd differences, but I think that
what distinguishes a man Is not found
In his social rank, his occupation, his
dress or his fortune, but solely In him
self. More than any other, our own age
has pricked the vain bubble of purely
outward greatness. To be somebody
at present It dees not suffice to wear
the mantle of an emperor or a royal
crown. What honor Is there in wield
ing power through gold lace, a coat of
arms or a ribbon? Not that visible
signs are to be despised they have
their meaning and use—but on condi
tion that they cover something and not
a vacuum. The moment they cease to
stand for realities they become useless
and dangerous. The only true dlstino
tion is superior worth. If you would *
have social rank duly respected you
must begin by being worthy of the
rank that Is your own; otherwise you
help to bring It Into hatred and con
tempt It Is, unhappily, too true that
respect Is diminishing among us, and It
certainly Is not from a lack of lines
drawn round those who wish to be re
spected. The root of the evil Is in the
mistaken idea that high station ex
empts him who holds It from observing
the common obligations of life. As we
rise we believe that we free ourselves
from the law, forgetting that the spirit
of obedience and humility Bhould grow
with our possessions and power. So It
comes about that those who demand
the most homage make the least effort
to merit the homage they demand.
This Is why respect Is diminishing.
The sole distinction necessary is the
wish to become better. The man who
strives to bo better becomes more
bumble, more approachable, more
friendly even with those Who owe him
allegiance, but as he gains by being
better known he loses nothing In dis
tinction, and he reaps the more respect
In that be has sown the less pride.
[TO SB CMHB—j
Wild DOBS of Attlom.
Of the wild dog of central Africa sn
explorer writes: "The wild dog is com
mon enough. He Is an ugly looking
beast, with a pled body, coarse hair,
short head and large, upright ears.
These wild dogs play fearful havoc
with game, occasionally clearing out
whole districts precisely In the same
manner as tho red dhole of India, be
fore which even the tiger Is said to re
trent. They have a wonderful power
of scent, wonderful boldness, endur
ance and pertinacity, and tholr loose,
easy gallop covers the ground far more
quickly than it appears to do. They
usually hunt in considerable packs, al
though I have sometimes met them In
threes and fours. I have never heard
of wild dogs actually attacking man,
but they often behave as If on the
point of doing so, and unarmed travel
ers have been literally treed by them
before now."
A Monkey Detective.
A monkey brought a criminal to Jus
tice at Singapore some time ago. A
native with a little boy, a bear and a
monkey traveled lately through sever
al villages In the Straits Settlements
and made a good sum of money by his
animals' tricks. One day he was found
with his throat cut, the boy and the
bear lying murdered close by, while
the monkey had escaped up a tree.
The bodies, with tlio moukey, were
being taken to the police station when
the monkey suddenly rushed at a man
In the crowd, seized his leg and would
not let go. The man seemed BO alarm
ed and anxious to get away that the
police became suspicious and searched
him, with the result of finding part ot
the money belonging to the murdered
native. The balance was discovered
at his Oousu.